Update plugeth-utils

Dockerfile: explicit alpine version

Co-authored-by: Thomas E Lackey <telackey@bozemanpass.com>
Reviewed-on: #2
Co-authored-by: Thomas E Lackey <telackey@noreply.git.vdb.to>
Co-committed-by: Thomas E Lackey <telackey@noreply.git.vdb.to>

accounts/abi/abi.go

@@ -222,17 +222,6 @@ func (abi *ABI) EventByID(topic common.Hash) (*Event, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no event with id: %#x", topic.Hex())
 }
 
-// ErrorByID looks up an error by the 4-byte id,
-// returns nil if none found.
-func (abi *ABI) ErrorByID(sigdata [4]byte) (*Error, error) {
-	for _, errABI := range abi.Errors {
-		if bytes.Equal(errABI.ID[:4], sigdata[:]) {
-			return &errABI, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no error with id: %#x", sigdata[:])
-}
-
 // HasFallback returns an indicator whether a fallback function is included.
 func (abi *ABI) HasFallback() bool {
 	return abi.Fallback.Type == Fallback

accounts/abi/abi_test.go

@@ -1057,34 +1057,6 @@ func TestABI_EventById(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestABI_ErrorByID(t *testing.T) {
-	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(`[
-		{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"x","type":"uint256"}],"name":"MyError1","type":"error"},
-		{"inputs":[{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"a","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"b","type":"string"},{"internalType":"address","name":"c","type":"address"}],"internalType":"struct MyError.MyStruct","name":"x","type":"tuple"},{"internalType":"address","name":"y","type":"address"},{"components":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"a","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"string","name":"b","type":"string"},{"internalType":"address","name":"c","type":"address"}],"internalType":"struct MyError.MyStruct","name":"z","type":"tuple"}],"name":"MyError2","type":"error"},
-		{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256[]","name":"x","type":"uint256[]"}],"name":"MyError3","type":"error"}
-	]`))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	for name, m := range abi.Errors {
-		a := fmt.Sprintf("%v", &m)
-		var id [4]byte
-		copy(id[:], m.ID[:4])
-		m2, err := abi.ErrorByID(id)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to look up ABI error: %v", err)
-		}
-		b := fmt.Sprintf("%v", m2)
-		if a != b {
-			t.Errorf("Error %v (id %x) not 'findable' by id in ABI", name, id)
-		}
-	}
-	// test unsuccessful lookups
-	if _, err = abi.ErrorByID([4]byte{}); err == nil {
-		t.Error("Expected error: no error with this id")
-	}
-}
-
 // TestDoubleDuplicateMethodNames checks that if transfer0 already exists, there won't be a name
 // conflict and that the second transfer method will be renamed transfer1.
 func TestDoubleDuplicateMethodNames(t *testing.T) {

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transa
 		return fmt.Errorf("could not fetch parent")
 	}
 	// Check transaction validity
-	signer := types.MakeSigner(b.blockchain.Config(), block.Number(), block.Time())
+	signer := types.MakeSigner(b.blockchain.Config(), block.Number())
 	sender, err := types.Sender(signer, tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction: %v", err)
@@ -884,11 +884,7 @@ func (fb *filterBackend) GetReceipts(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (typ
 	if number == nil {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	header := rawdb.ReadHeader(fb.db, hash, *number)
+	return rawdb.ReadReceipts(fb.db, hash, *number, fb.bc.Config()), nil
-	if header == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	return rawdb.ReadReceipts(fb.db, hash, *number, header.Time, fb.bc.Config()), nil
 }
 
 func (fb *filterBackend) GetLogs(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, number uint64) ([][]*types.Log, error) {

accounts/abi/bind/bind.go

@@ -133,19 +133,12 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, fsigs []map[string]
 			// Normalize the method for capital cases and non-anonymous inputs/outputs
 			normalized := original
 			normalizedName := methodNormalizer[lang](alias(aliases, original.Name))
+
 			// Ensure there is no duplicated identifier
 			var identifiers = callIdentifiers
 			if !original.IsConstant() {
 				identifiers = transactIdentifiers
 			}
-			// Name shouldn't start with a digit. It will make the generated code invalid.
-			if len(normalizedName) > 0 && unicode.IsDigit(rune(normalizedName[0])) {
-				normalizedName = fmt.Sprintf("M%s", normalizedName)
-				normalizedName = abi.ResolveNameConflict(normalizedName, func(name string) bool {
-					_, ok := identifiers[name]
-					return ok
-				})
-			}
 			if identifiers[normalizedName] {
 				return "", fmt.Errorf("duplicated identifier \"%s\"(normalized \"%s\"), use --alias for renaming", original.Name, normalizedName)
 			}
@@ -189,14 +182,6 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, fsigs []map[string]
 
 			// Ensure there is no duplicated identifier
 			normalizedName := methodNormalizer[lang](alias(aliases, original.Name))
-			// Name shouldn't start with a digit. It will make the generated code invalid.
-			if len(normalizedName) > 0 && unicode.IsDigit(rune(normalizedName[0])) {
-				normalizedName = fmt.Sprintf("E%s", normalizedName)
-				normalizedName = abi.ResolveNameConflict(normalizedName, func(name string) bool {
-					_, ok := eventIdentifiers[name]
-					return ok
-				})
-			}
 			if eventIdentifiers[normalizedName] {
 				return "", fmt.Errorf("duplicated identifier \"%s\"(normalized \"%s\"), use --alias for renaming", original.Name, normalizedName)
 			}

accounts/abi/bind/bind_test.go

@@ -2038,29 +2038,6 @@ var bindTests = []struct {
 				t.Errorf("error deploying the contract: %v", err)
 			}
 		`,
-	}, {
-		name: "NumericMethodName",
-		contract: `
-		// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
-		pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.9.0;
-
-		contract NumericMethodName {
-			event _1TestEvent(address _param);
-			function _1test() public pure {}
-			function __1test() public pure {}
-			function __2test() public pure {}
-		}
-		`,
-		bytecode: []string{"0x6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b5060958061001e6000396000f3fe6080604052348015600f57600080fd5b5060043610603c5760003560e01c80639d993132146041578063d02767c7146049578063ffa02795146051575b600080fd5b60476059565b005b604f605b565b005b6057605d565b005b565b565b56fea26469706673582212200382ca602dff96a7e2ba54657985e2b4ac423a56abe4a1f0667bc635c4d4371f64736f6c63430008110033"},
-		abi:      []string{`[{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"address","name":"_param","type":"address"}],"name":"_1TestEvent","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"_1test","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"__1test","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"__2test","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"pure","type":"function"}]`},
-		imports: `
-			"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-		`,
-		tester: `
-			if b, err := NewNumericMethodName(common.Address{}, nil); b == nil || err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("combined binding (%v) nil or error (%v) not nil", b, nil)
-			}
-`,
 	},
 }
 

accounts/abi/error.go

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func NewError(name string, inputs Arguments) Error {
 	}
 }
 
-func (e Error) String() string {
+func (e *Error) String() string {
 	return e.str
 }
 

beacon/merkle/merkle.go

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-// Package merkle implements proof verifications in binary merkle trees.
-package merkle
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-)
-
-// Value represents either a 32 byte leaf value or hash node in a binary merkle tree/partial proof.
-type Value [32]byte
-
-// Values represent a series of merkle tree leaves/nodes.
-type Values []Value
-
-var valueT = reflect.TypeOf(Value{})
-
-// UnmarshalJSON parses a merkle value in hex syntax.
-func (m *Value) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	return hexutil.UnmarshalFixedJSON(valueT, input, m[:])
-}
-
-// VerifyProof verifies a Merkle proof branch for a single value in a
-// binary Merkle tree (index is a generalized tree index).
-func VerifyProof(root common.Hash, index uint64, branch Values, value Value) error {
-	hasher := sha256.New()
-	for _, sibling := range branch {
-		hasher.Reset()
-		if index&1 == 0 {
-			hasher.Write(value[:])
-			hasher.Write(sibling[:])
-		} else {
-			hasher.Write(sibling[:])
-			hasher.Write(value[:])
-		}
-		hasher.Sum(value[:0])
-		if index >>= 1; index == 0 {
-			return errors.New("branch has extra items")
-		}
-	}
-	if index != 1 {
-		return errors.New("branch is missing items")
-	}
-	if common.Hash(value) != root {
-		return errors.New("root mismatch")
-	}
-	return nil
-}

beacon/types/committee.go

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package types
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"math/bits"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	bls "github.com/protolambda/bls12-381-util"
-)
-
-// SerializedSyncCommitteeSize is the size of the sync committee plus the
-// aggregate public key.
-const SerializedSyncCommitteeSize = (params.SyncCommitteeSize + 1) * params.BLSPubkeySize
-
-// SerializedSyncCommittee is the serialized version of a sync committee
-// plus the aggregate public key.
-type SerializedSyncCommittee [SerializedSyncCommitteeSize]byte
-
-// jsonSyncCommittee is the JSON representation of a sync committee.
-//
-// See data structure definition here:
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/beacon-chain.md#syncaggregate
-type jsonSyncCommittee struct {
-	Pubkeys   []hexutil.Bytes `json:"pubkeys"`
-	Aggregate hexutil.Bytes   `json:"aggregate_pubkey"`
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler.
-func (s *SerializedSyncCommittee) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	sc := jsonSyncCommittee{Pubkeys: make([]hexutil.Bytes, params.SyncCommitteeSize)}
-	for i := range sc.Pubkeys {
-		sc.Pubkeys[i] = make(hexutil.Bytes, params.BLSPubkeySize)
-		copy(sc.Pubkeys[i][:], s[i*params.BLSPubkeySize:(i+1)*params.BLSPubkeySize])
-	}
-	sc.Aggregate = make(hexutil.Bytes, params.BLSPubkeySize)
-	copy(sc.Aggregate[:], s[params.SyncCommitteeSize*params.BLSPubkeySize:])
-	return json.Marshal(&sc)
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler.
-func (s *SerializedSyncCommittee) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	var sc jsonSyncCommittee
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &sc); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if len(sc.Pubkeys) != params.SyncCommitteeSize {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid number of pubkeys %d", len(sc.Pubkeys))
-	}
-	for i, key := range sc.Pubkeys {
-		if len(key) != params.BLSPubkeySize {
-			return fmt.Errorf("pubkey %d has invalid size %d", i, len(key))
-		}
-		copy(s[i*params.BLSPubkeySize:], key[:])
-	}
-	if len(sc.Aggregate) != params.BLSPubkeySize {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid aggregate pubkey size %d", len(sc.Aggregate))
-	}
-	copy(s[params.SyncCommitteeSize*params.BLSPubkeySize:], sc.Aggregate[:])
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Root calculates the root hash of the binary tree representation of a sync
-// committee provided in serialized format.
-//
-// TODO(zsfelfoldi): Get rid of this when SSZ encoding lands.
-func (s *SerializedSyncCommittee) Root() common.Hash {
-	var (
-		hasher  = sha256.New()
-		padding [64 - params.BLSPubkeySize]byte
-		data    [params.SyncCommitteeSize]common.Hash
-		l       = params.SyncCommitteeSize
-	)
-	for i := range data {
-		hasher.Reset()
-		hasher.Write(s[i*params.BLSPubkeySize : (i+1)*params.BLSPubkeySize])
-		hasher.Write(padding[:])
-		hasher.Sum(data[i][:0])
-	}
-	for l > 1 {
-		for i := 0; i < l/2; i++ {
-			hasher.Reset()
-			hasher.Write(data[i*2][:])
-			hasher.Write(data[i*2+1][:])
-			hasher.Sum(data[i][:0])
-		}
-		l /= 2
-	}
-	hasher.Reset()
-	hasher.Write(s[SerializedSyncCommitteeSize-params.BLSPubkeySize : SerializedSyncCommitteeSize])
-	hasher.Write(padding[:])
-	hasher.Sum(data[1][:0])
-	hasher.Reset()
-	hasher.Write(data[0][:])
-	hasher.Write(data[1][:])
-	hasher.Sum(data[0][:0])
-	return data[0]
-}
-
-// Deserialize splits open the pubkeys into proper BLS key types.
-func (s *SerializedSyncCommittee) Deserialize() (*SyncCommittee, error) {
-	sc := new(SyncCommittee)
-	for i := 0; i <= params.SyncCommitteeSize; i++ {
-		key := new(bls.Pubkey)
-
-		var bytes [params.BLSPubkeySize]byte
-		copy(bytes[:], s[i*params.BLSPubkeySize:(i+1)*params.BLSPubkeySize])
-
-		if err := key.Deserialize(&bytes); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if i < params.SyncCommitteeSize {
-			sc.keys[i] = key
-		} else {
-			sc.aggregate = key
-		}
-	}
-	return sc, nil
-}
-
-// SyncCommittee is a set of sync committee signer pubkeys and the aggregate key.
-//
-// See data structure definition here:
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/beacon-chain.md#syncaggregate
-type SyncCommittee struct {
-	keys      [params.SyncCommitteeSize]*bls.Pubkey
-	aggregate *bls.Pubkey
-}
-
-// VerifySignature returns true if the given sync aggregate is a valid signature
-// or the given hash.
-func (sc *SyncCommittee) VerifySignature(signingRoot common.Hash, signature *SyncAggregate) bool {
-	var (
-		sig  bls.Signature
-		keys = make([]*bls.Pubkey, 0, params.SyncCommitteeSize)
-	)
-	if err := sig.Deserialize(&signature.Signature); err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	for i, key := range sc.keys {
-		if signature.Signers[i/8]&(byte(1)<<(i%8)) != 0 {
-			keys = append(keys, key)
-		}
-	}
-	return bls.FastAggregateVerify(keys, signingRoot[:], &sig)
-}
-
-//go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type SyncAggregate -field-override syncAggregateMarshaling -out gen_syncaggregate_json.go
-
-// SyncAggregate represents an aggregated BLS signature with Signers referring
-// to a subset of the corresponding sync committee.
-//
-// See data structure definition here:
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/beacon-chain.md#syncaggregate
-type SyncAggregate struct {
-	Signers   [params.SyncCommitteeBitmaskSize]byte `gencodec:"required" json:"sync_committee_bits"`
-	Signature [params.BLSSignatureSize]byte         `gencodec:"required" json:"sync_committee_signature"`
-}
-
-type syncAggregateMarshaling struct {
-	Signers   hexutil.Bytes
-	Signature hexutil.Bytes
-}
-
-// SignerCount returns the number of signers in the aggregate signature.
-func (s *SyncAggregate) SignerCount() int {
-	var count int
-	for _, v := range s.Signers {
-		count += bits.OnesCount8(v)
-	}
-	return count
-}

beacon/types/config.go

@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package types
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"sort"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/merkle"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
-)
-
-// syncCommitteeDomain specifies the signatures specific use to avoid clashes
-// across signing different data structures.
-const syncCommitteeDomain = 7
-
-// Fork describes a single beacon chain fork and also stores the calculated
-// signature domain used after this fork.
-type Fork struct {
-	// Name of the fork in the chain config (config.yaml) file{
-	Name string
-
-	// Epoch when given fork version is activated
-	Epoch uint64
-
-	// Fork version, see https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/phase0/beacon-chain.md#custom-types
-	Version []byte
-
-	// calculated by computeDomain, based on fork version and genesis validators root
-	domain merkle.Value
-}
-
-// computeDomain returns the signature domain based on the given fork version
-// and genesis validator set root.
-func (f *Fork) computeDomain(genesisValidatorsRoot common.Hash) {
-	var (
-		hasher        = sha256.New()
-		forkVersion32 merkle.Value
-		forkDataRoot  merkle.Value
-	)
-	copy(forkVersion32[:], f.Version)
-	hasher.Write(forkVersion32[:])
-	hasher.Write(genesisValidatorsRoot[:])
-	hasher.Sum(forkDataRoot[:0])
-
-	f.domain[0] = syncCommitteeDomain
-	copy(f.domain[4:], forkDataRoot[:28])
-}
-
-// Forks is the list of all beacon chain forks in the chain configuration.
-type Forks []*Fork
-
-// domain returns the signature domain for the given epoch (assumes that domains
-// have already been calculated).
-func (f Forks) domain(epoch uint64) (merkle.Value, error) {
-	for i := len(f) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		if epoch >= f[i].Epoch {
-			return f[i].domain, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return merkle.Value{}, fmt.Errorf("unknown fork for epoch %d", epoch)
-}
-
-// SigningRoot calculates the signing root of the given header.
-func (f Forks) SigningRoot(header Header) (common.Hash, error) {
-	domain, err := f.domain(header.Epoch())
-	if err != nil {
-		return common.Hash{}, err
-	}
-	var (
-		signingRoot common.Hash
-		headerHash  = header.Hash()
-		hasher      = sha256.New()
-	)
-	hasher.Write(headerHash[:])
-	hasher.Write(domain[:])
-	hasher.Sum(signingRoot[:0])
-
-	return signingRoot, nil
-}
-
-func (f Forks) Len() int           { return len(f) }
-func (f Forks) Swap(i, j int)      { f[i], f[j] = f[j], f[i] }
-func (f Forks) Less(i, j int) bool { return f[i].Epoch < f[j].Epoch }
-
-// ChainConfig contains the beacon chain configuration.
-type ChainConfig struct {
-	GenesisTime           uint64      // Unix timestamp of slot 0
-	GenesisValidatorsRoot common.Hash // Root hash of the genesis validator set, used for signature domain calculation
-	Forks                 Forks
-}
-
-// AddFork adds a new item to the list of forks.
-func (c *ChainConfig) AddFork(name string, epoch uint64, version []byte) *ChainConfig {
-	fork := &Fork{
-		Name:    name,
-		Epoch:   epoch,
-		Version: version,
-	}
-	fork.computeDomain(c.GenesisValidatorsRoot)
-
-	c.Forks = append(c.Forks, fork)
-	sort.Sort(c.Forks)
-
-	return c
-}
-
-// LoadForks parses the beacon chain configuration file (config.yaml) and extracts
-// the list of forks.
-func (c *ChainConfig) LoadForks(path string) error {
-	file, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read beacon chain config file: %v", err)
-	}
-	config := make(map[string]string)
-	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(file, &config); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse beacon chain config file: %v", err)
-	}
-	var (
-		versions = make(map[string][]byte)
-		epochs   = make(map[string]uint64)
-	)
-	epochs["GENESIS"] = 0
-
-	for key, value := range config {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(key, "_FORK_VERSION") {
-			name := key[:len(key)-len("_FORK_VERSION")]
-			if v, err := hexutil.Decode(value); err == nil {
-				versions[name] = v
-			} else {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to decode hex fork id %q in beacon chain config file: %v", value, err)
-			}
-		}
-		if strings.HasSuffix(key, "_FORK_EPOCH") {
-			name := key[:len(key)-len("_FORK_EPOCH")]
-			if v, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 10, 64); err == nil {
-				epochs[name] = v
-			} else {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse epoch number %q in beacon chain config file: %v", value, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	for name, epoch := range epochs {
-		if version, ok := versions[name]; ok {
-			delete(versions, name)
-			c.AddFork(name, epoch, version)
-		} else {
-			return fmt.Errorf("fork id missing for %q in beacon chain config file", name)
-		}
-	}
-	for name := range versions {
-		return fmt.Errorf("epoch number missing for fork %q in beacon chain config file", name)
-	}
-	sort.Sort(c.Forks)
-	return nil
-}

beacon/types/gen_header_json.go

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by github.com/fjl/gencodec. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package types
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-)
-
-var _ = (*headerMarshaling)(nil)
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals as JSON.
-func (h Header) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	type Header struct {
-		Slot          common.Decimal `gencodec:"required" json:"slot"`
-		ProposerIndex common.Decimal `gencodec:"required" json:"proposer_index"`
-		ParentRoot    common.Hash    `gencodec:"required" json:"parent_root"`
-		StateRoot     common.Hash    `gencodec:"required" json:"state_root"`
-		BodyRoot      common.Hash    `gencodec:"required" json:"body_root"`
-	}
-	var enc Header
-	enc.Slot = common.Decimal(h.Slot)
-	enc.ProposerIndex = common.Decimal(h.ProposerIndex)
-	enc.ParentRoot = h.ParentRoot
-	enc.StateRoot = h.StateRoot
-	enc.BodyRoot = h.BodyRoot
-	return json.Marshal(&enc)
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
-func (h *Header) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	type Header struct {
-		Slot          *common.Decimal `gencodec:"required" json:"slot"`
-		ProposerIndex *common.Decimal `gencodec:"required" json:"proposer_index"`
-		ParentRoot    *common.Hash    `gencodec:"required" json:"parent_root"`
-		StateRoot     *common.Hash    `gencodec:"required" json:"state_root"`
-		BodyRoot      *common.Hash    `gencodec:"required" json:"body_root"`
-	}
-	var dec Header
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if dec.Slot == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'slot' for Header")
-	}
-	h.Slot = uint64(*dec.Slot)
-	if dec.ProposerIndex == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'proposer_index' for Header")
-	}
-	h.ProposerIndex = uint64(*dec.ProposerIndex)
-	if dec.ParentRoot == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'parent_root' for Header")
-	}
-	h.ParentRoot = *dec.ParentRoot
-	if dec.StateRoot == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'state_root' for Header")
-	}
-	h.StateRoot = *dec.StateRoot
-	if dec.BodyRoot == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'body_root' for Header")
-	}
-	h.BodyRoot = *dec.BodyRoot
-	return nil
-}

beacon/types/gen_syncaggregate_json.go

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by github.com/fjl/gencodec. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package types
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-)
-
-var _ = (*syncAggregateMarshaling)(nil)
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals as JSON.
-func (s SyncAggregate) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	type SyncAggregate struct {
-		Signers   hexutil.Bytes `gencodec:"required" json:"sync_committee_bits"`
-		Signature hexutil.Bytes `gencodec:"required" json:"sync_committee_signature"`
-	}
-	var enc SyncAggregate
-	enc.Signers = s.Signers[:]
-	enc.Signature = s.Signature[:]
-	return json.Marshal(&enc)
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
-func (s *SyncAggregate) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	type SyncAggregate struct {
-		Signers   *hexutil.Bytes `gencodec:"required" json:"sync_committee_bits"`
-		Signature *hexutil.Bytes `gencodec:"required" json:"sync_committee_signature"`
-	}
-	var dec SyncAggregate
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if dec.Signers == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'sync_committee_bits' for SyncAggregate")
-	}
-	if len(*dec.Signers) != len(s.Signers) {
-		return errors.New("field 'sync_committee_bits' has wrong length, need 64 items")
-	}
-	copy(s.Signers[:], *dec.Signers)
-	if dec.Signature == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'sync_committee_signature' for SyncAggregate")
-	}
-	if len(*dec.Signature) != len(s.Signature) {
-		return errors.New("field 'sync_committee_signature' has wrong length, need 96 items")
-	}
-	copy(s.Signature[:], *dec.Signature)
-	return nil
-}

beacon/types/header.go

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-// Package types implements a few types of the beacon chain for light client usage.
-package types
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"encoding/binary"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/merkle"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-)
-
-//go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type Header -field-override headerMarshaling -out gen_header_json.go
-
-const (
-	headerIndexSlot          = 8
-	headerIndexProposerIndex = 9
-	headerIndexParentRoot    = 10
-	headerIndexStateRoot     = 11
-	headerIndexBodyRoot      = 12
-)
-
-// Header defines a beacon header.
-//
-// See data structure definition here:
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/phase0/beacon-chain.md#beaconblockheader
-type Header struct {
-	// Monotonically increasing slot number for the beacon block (may be gapped)
-	Slot uint64 `gencodec:"required" json:"slot"`
-
-	// Index into the validator table who created the beacon block
-	ProposerIndex uint64 `gencodec:"required" json:"proposer_index"`
-
-	// SSZ hash of the parent beacon header
-	ParentRoot common.Hash `gencodec:"required" json:"parent_root"`
-
-	// SSZ hash of the beacon state (https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/bellatrix/beacon-chain.md#beacon-state)
-	StateRoot common.Hash `gencodec:"required" json:"state_root"`
-
-	// SSZ hash of the beacon block body (https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/bellatrix/beacon-chain.md#beaconblockbody)
-	BodyRoot common.Hash `gencodec:"required" json:"body_root"`
-}
-
-// headerMarshaling is a field type overrides for gencodec.
-type headerMarshaling struct {
-	Slot          common.Decimal
-	ProposerIndex common.Decimal
-}
-
-// Hash calculates the block root of the header.
-//
-// TODO(zsfelfoldi): Remove this when an SSZ encoder lands.
-func (h *Header) Hash() common.Hash {
-	var values [16]merkle.Value // values corresponding to indices 8 to 15 of the beacon header tree
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(values[headerIndexSlot][:8], h.Slot)
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(values[headerIndexProposerIndex][:8], h.ProposerIndex)
-	values[headerIndexParentRoot] = merkle.Value(h.ParentRoot)
-	values[headerIndexStateRoot] = merkle.Value(h.StateRoot)
-	values[headerIndexBodyRoot] = merkle.Value(h.BodyRoot)
-	hasher := sha256.New()
-	for i := 7; i > 0; i-- {
-		hasher.Reset()
-		hasher.Write(values[i*2][:])
-		hasher.Write(values[i*2+1][:])
-		hasher.Sum(values[i][:0])
-	}
-	return common.Hash(values[1])
-}
-
-// Epoch returns the epoch the header belongs to.
-func (h *Header) Epoch() uint64 {
-	return h.Slot / params.EpochLength
-}
-
-// SyncPeriod returns the sync period the header belongs to.
-func (h *Header) SyncPeriod() uint64 {
-	return SyncPeriod(h.Slot)
-}
-
-// SyncPeriodStart returns the first slot of the given period.
-func SyncPeriodStart(period uint64) uint64 {
-	return period * params.SyncPeriodLength
-}
-
-// SyncPeriod returns the sync period that the given slot belongs to.
-func SyncPeriod(slot uint64) uint64 {
-	return slot / params.SyncPeriodLength
-}
-
-// SignedHeader represents a beacon header signed by a sync committee.
-//
-// This structure is created from either an optimistic update or an instant update:
-//   - https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientoptimisticupdate
-//   - https://github.com/zsfelfoldi/beacon-APIs/blob/instant_update/apis/beacon/light_client/instant_update.yaml
-type SignedHeader struct {
-	// Beacon header being signed
-	Header Header
-
-	// Sync committee BLS signature aggregate
-	Signature SyncAggregate
-
-	// Slot in which the signature has been created (newer than Header.Slot,
-	// determines the signing sync committee)
-	SignatureSlot uint64
-}

beacon/types/update.go

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package types
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/merkle"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/beacon/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-)
-
-// LightClientUpdate is a proof of the next sync committee root based on a header
-// signed by the sync committee of the given period. Optionally, the update can
-// prove quasi-finality by the signed header referring to a previous, finalized
-// header from the same period, and the finalized header referring to the next
-// sync committee root.
-//
-// See data structure definition here:
-// https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/specs/altair/light-client/sync-protocol.md#lightclientupdate
-type LightClientUpdate struct {
-	AttestedHeader          SignedHeader  // Arbitrary header out of the period signed by the sync committee
-	NextSyncCommitteeRoot   common.Hash   // Sync committee of the next period advertised in the current one
-	NextSyncCommitteeBranch merkle.Values // Proof for the next period's sync committee
-
-	FinalizedHeader *Header       `rlp:"nil"` // Optional header to announce a point of finality
-	FinalityBranch  merkle.Values // Proof for the announced finality
-
-	score *UpdateScore // Weight of the update to compare between competing ones
-}
-
-// Validate verifies the validity of the update.
-func (update *LightClientUpdate) Validate() error {
-	period := update.AttestedHeader.Header.SyncPeriod()
-	if SyncPeriod(update.AttestedHeader.SignatureSlot) != period {
-		return errors.New("signature slot and signed header are from different periods")
-	}
-	if update.FinalizedHeader != nil {
-		if update.FinalizedHeader.SyncPeriod() != period {
-			return errors.New("finalized header is from different period")
-		}
-		if err := merkle.VerifyProof(update.AttestedHeader.Header.StateRoot, params.StateIndexFinalBlock, update.FinalityBranch, merkle.Value(update.FinalizedHeader.Hash())); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid finalized header proof: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	if err := merkle.VerifyProof(update.AttestedHeader.Header.StateRoot, params.StateIndexNextSyncCommittee, update.NextSyncCommitteeBranch, merkle.Value(update.NextSyncCommitteeRoot)); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid next sync committee proof: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Score returns the UpdateScore describing the proof strength of the update
-// Note: thread safety can be ensured by always calling Score on a newly received
-// or decoded update before making it potentially available for other threads
-func (update *LightClientUpdate) Score() UpdateScore {
-	if update.score == nil {
-		update.score = &UpdateScore{
-			SignerCount:     uint32(update.AttestedHeader.Signature.SignerCount()),
-			SubPeriodIndex:  uint32(update.AttestedHeader.Header.Slot & 0x1fff),
-			FinalizedHeader: update.FinalizedHeader != nil,
-		}
-	}
-	return *update.score
-}
-
-// UpdateScore allows the comparison between updates at the same period in order
-// to find the best update chain that provides the strongest proof of being canonical.
-//
-// UpdateScores have a tightly packed binary encoding format for efficient p2p
-// protocol transmission. Each UpdateScore is encoded in 3 bytes.
-// When interpreted as a 24 bit little indian unsigned integer:
-//   - the lowest 10 bits contain the number of signers in the header signature aggregate
-//   - the next 13 bits contain the "sub-period index" which is he signed header's
-//     slot modulo params.SyncPeriodLength (which is correlated with the risk of the chain being
-//     re-orged before the previous period boundary in case of non-finalized updates)
-//   - the highest bit is set when the update is finalized (meaning that the finality
-//     header referenced by the signed header is in the same period as the signed
-//     header, making reorgs before the period boundary impossible
-type UpdateScore struct {
-	SignerCount     uint32 // number of signers in the header signature aggregate
-	SubPeriodIndex  uint32 // signed header's slot modulo params.SyncPeriodLength
-	FinalizedHeader bool   // update is considered finalized if has finalized header from the same period and 2/3 signatures
-}
-
-// finalized returns true if the update has a header signed by at least 2/3 of
-// the committee, referring to a finalized header that refers to the next sync
-// committee. This condition is a close approximation of the actual finality
-// condition that can only be verified by full beacon nodes.
-func (u *UpdateScore) finalized() bool {
-	return u.FinalizedHeader && u.SignerCount >= params.SyncCommitteeSupermajority
-}
-
-// BetterThan returns true if update u is considered better than w.
-func (u UpdateScore) BetterThan(w UpdateScore) bool {
-	var (
-		uFinalized = u.finalized()
-		wFinalized = w.finalized()
-	)
-	if uFinalized != wFinalized {
-		return uFinalized
-	}
-	return u.SignerCount > w.SignerCount
-}

build/ci.go

@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 		csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
 		tc.Root = build.DownloadGo(csdb, dlgoVersion)
 	}
-	// Disable CLI markdown doc generation in release builds and enable linking
+
-	// the CKZG library since we can make it portable here.
+	// Disable CLI markdown doc generation in release builds.
-	buildTags := []string{"urfave_cli_no_docs", "ckzg"}
+	buildTags := []string{"urfave_cli_no_docs"}
 
 	// Configure the build.
 	env := build.Env()
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 	if env.CI && runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" {
 		gobuild.Args = append(gobuild.Args, "-p", "1")
 	}
+
 	// We use -trimpath to avoid leaking local paths into the built executables.
 	gobuild.Args = append(gobuild.Args, "-trimpath")
 
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 		csdb := build.MustLoadChecksums("build/checksums.txt")
 		tc.Root = build.DownloadGo(csdb, dlgoVersion)
 	}
-	gotest := tc.Go("test", "-tags=ckzg")
+	gotest := tc.Go("test")
 
 	// Test a single package at a time. CI builders are slow
 	// and some tests run into timeouts under load.

cmd/checkpoint-admin/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+## Checkpoint-admin
+
+Checkpoint-admin is a tool for updating checkpoint oracle status. It provides a series of functions including deploying checkpoint oracle contract, signing for new checkpoints, and updating checkpoints in the checkpoint oracle contract.
+
+### Checkpoint
+
+In the LES protocol, there is an important concept called checkpoint. In simple terms, whenever a certain number of blocks are generated on the blockchain, a new checkpoint is generated which contains some important information such as
+
+* Block hash at checkpoint
+* Canonical hash trie root at checkpoint
+* Bloom trie root at checkpoint
+
+*For a more detailed introduction to checkpoint, please see the LES [spec](https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/caps/les.md).*
+
+Using this information, light clients can skip all historical block headers when synchronizing data and start synchronization from this checkpoint. Therefore, as long as the light client can obtain some latest and correct checkpoints, the amount of data and time for synchronization will be greatly reduced.
+
+However, from a security perspective, the most critical step in a synchronization algorithm based on checkpoints is to determine whether the checkpoint used by the light client is correct. Otherwise, all blockchain data synchronized based on this checkpoint may be wrong. For this we provide two different ways to ensure the correctness of the checkpoint used by the light client.
+
+#### Hardcoded checkpoint
+
+There are several hardcoded checkpoints in the [source code](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/params/config.go#L38) of the go-ethereum project. These checkpoints are updated by go-ethereum developers when new versions of software are released. Because light client users trust Geth developers to some extent, hardcoded checkpoints in the code can also be considered correct.
+
+#### Checkpoint oracle
+
+Hardcoded checkpoints can solve the problem of verifying the correctness of checkpoints (although this is a more centralized solution). But the pain point of this solution is that developers can only update checkpoints when a new version of software is released. In addition, light client users usually do not keep the Geth version they use always up to date. So hardcoded checkpoints used by users are generally stale. Therefore, it still needs to download a large amount of blockchain data during synchronization.
+
+Checkpoint oracle is a more flexible solution. In simple terms, this is a smart contract that is deployed on the blockchain. The smart contract records several designated trusted signers. Whenever enough trusted signers have issued their signatures for the same checkpoint, it can be considered that the checkpoint has been authenticated by the signers. Checkpoints authenticated by trusted signers can be considered correct.
+
+So this way, even without updating the software version, as long as the trusted signers regularly update the checkpoint in oracle on time, the light client can always use the latest and verified checkpoint for data synchronization.
+
+### Usage
+
+Checkpoint-admin is a command line tool designed for checkpoint oracle. Users can easily deploy contracts and update checkpoints through this tool.
+
+#### Install
+
+```shell
+go get github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/checkpoint-admin
+```
+
+#### Deploy
+
+Deploy checkpoint oracle contract. `--signers` indicates the specified trusted signer, and `--threshold` indicates the minimum number of signatures required by trusted signers to update a checkpoint.
+
+```shell
+checkpoint-admin deploy --rpc <NODE_RPC_ENDPOINT> --clef <CLEF_ENDPOINT> --signer <SIGNER_TO_SIGN_TX> --signers <TRUSTED_SIGNER_LIST> --threshold 1
+```
+
+It is worth noting that checkpoint-admin only supports clef as a signer for transactions and plain text(checkpoint). For more clef usage, please see the clef [tutorial](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/tools/clef/tutorial) .
+
+#### Sign
+
+Checkpoint-admin provides two different modes of signing. You can automatically obtain the current stable checkpoint and sign it interactively, and you can also use the information provided by the command line flags to sign checkpoint offline.
+
+**Interactive mode**
+
+```shell
+checkpoint-admin sign --clef <CLEF_ENDPOINT> --signer <SIGNER_TO_SIGN_CHECKPOINT> --rpc <NODE_RPC_ENDPOINT>
+```
+
+*It is worth noting that the connected Geth node can be a fullnode or a light client. If it is fullnode, you must enable the LES protocol. E.G. add `--light.serv 50` to the startup command line flags*.
+
+**Offline mode**
+
+```shell
+checkpoint-admin sign --clef <CLEF_ENDPOINT> --signer <SIGNER_TO_SIGN_CHECKPOINT> --index <CHECKPOINT_INDEX> --hash <CHECKPOINT_HASH> --oracle <CHECKPOINT_ORACLE_ADDRESS>
+```
+
+*CHECKPOINT_HASH is obtained based on this [calculation method](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/master/params/config.go#L251).*
+
+#### Publish
+
+Collect enough signatures from different trusted signers for the same checkpoint and submit them to oracle to update the "authenticated" checkpoint in the contract.
+
+```shell
+checkpoint-admin publish --clef <CLEF_ENDPOINT> --rpc <NODE_RPC_ENDPOINT> --signer <SIGNER_TO_SIGN_TX> --index <CHECKPOINT_INDEX> --signatures <CHECKPOINT_SIGNATURE_LIST>
+```
+
+#### Status query
+
+Check the latest status of checkpoint oracle.
+
+```shell
+checkpoint-admin status --rpc <NODE_RPC_ENDPOINT>
+```
+
+### Enable checkpoint oracle in your private network
+
+Currently, only the Ethereum mainnet and the default supported test networks (rinkeby, goerli) activate this feature. If you want to activate this feature in your private network, you can overwrite the relevant checkpoint oracle settings through the configuration file after deploying the oracle contract.
+
+* Get your node configuration file `geth dumpconfig OTHER_COMMAND_LINE_OPTIONS > config.toml`
+* Edit the configuration file and add the following information
+
+```toml
+[Eth.CheckpointOracle]
+Address = CHECKPOINT_ORACLE_ADDRESS
+Signers = [TRUSTED_SIGNER_1, ..., TRUSTED_SIGNER_N]
+Threshold = THRESHOLD
+```
+
+* Start geth with the modified configuration file
+
+*In the private network, all fullnodes and light clients need to be started using the same checkpoint oracle settings.*

cmd/checkpoint-admin/common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/external"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/contracts/checkpointoracle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+// newClient creates a client with specified remote URL.
+func newClient(ctx *cli.Context) *ethclient.Client {
+	client, err := ethclient.Dial(ctx.String(nodeURLFlag.Name))
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to connect to Ethereum node: %v", err)
+	}
+	return client
+}
+
+// newRPCClient creates a rpc client with specified node URL.
+func newRPCClient(url string) *rpc.Client {
+	client, err := rpc.Dial(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to connect to Ethereum node: %v", err)
+	}
+	return client
+}
+
+// getContractAddr retrieves the register contract address through
+// rpc request.
+func getContractAddr(client *rpc.Client) common.Address {
+	var addr string
+	if err := client.Call(&addr, "les_getCheckpointContractAddress"); err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to fetch checkpoint oracle address: %v", err)
+	}
+	return common.HexToAddress(addr)
+}
+
+// getCheckpoint retrieves the specified checkpoint or the latest one
+// through rpc request.
+func getCheckpoint(ctx *cli.Context, client *rpc.Client) *params.TrustedCheckpoint {
+	var checkpoint *params.TrustedCheckpoint
+
+	if ctx.IsSet(indexFlag.Name) {
+		var result [3]string
+		index := uint64(ctx.Int64(indexFlag.Name))
+		if err := client.Call(&result, "les_getCheckpoint", index); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to get local checkpoint %v, please ensure the les API is exposed", err)
+		}
+		checkpoint = &params.TrustedCheckpoint{
+			SectionIndex: index,
+			SectionHead:  common.HexToHash(result[0]),
+			CHTRoot:      common.HexToHash(result[1]),
+			BloomRoot:    common.HexToHash(result[2]),
+		}
+	} else {
+		var result [4]string
+		err := client.Call(&result, "les_latestCheckpoint")
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to get local checkpoint %v, please ensure the les API is exposed", err)
+		}
+		index, err := strconv.ParseUint(result[0], 0, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to parse checkpoint index %v", err)
+		}
+		checkpoint = &params.TrustedCheckpoint{
+			SectionIndex: index,
+			SectionHead:  common.HexToHash(result[1]),
+			CHTRoot:      common.HexToHash(result[2]),
+			BloomRoot:    common.HexToHash(result[3]),
+		}
+	}
+	return checkpoint
+}
+
+// newContract creates a registrar contract instance with specified
+// contract address or the default contracts for mainnet or testnet.
+func newContract(client *rpc.Client) (common.Address, *checkpointoracle.CheckpointOracle) {
+	addr := getContractAddr(client)
+	if addr == (common.Address{}) {
+		utils.Fatalf("No specified registrar contract address")
+	}
+	contract, err := checkpointoracle.NewCheckpointOracle(addr, ethclient.NewClient(client))
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to setup registrar contract %s: %v", addr, err)
+	}
+	return addr, contract
+}
+
+// newClefSigner sets up a clef backend and returns a clef transaction signer.
+func newClefSigner(ctx *cli.Context) *bind.TransactOpts {
+	clef, err := external.NewExternalSigner(ctx.String(clefURLFlag.Name))
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to create clef signer %v", err)
+	}
+	return bind.NewClefTransactor(clef, accounts.Account{Address: common.HexToAddress(ctx.String(signerFlag.Name))})
+}

cmd/checkpoint-admin/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/contracts/checkpointoracle"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/contracts/checkpointoracle/contract"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+var commandDeploy = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "deploy",
+	Usage: "Deploy a new checkpoint oracle contract",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		nodeURLFlag,
+		clefURLFlag,
+		signerFlag,
+		signersFlag,
+		thresholdFlag,
+	},
+	Action: deploy,
+}
+
+var commandSign = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "sign",
+	Usage: "Sign the checkpoint with the specified key",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		nodeURLFlag,
+		clefURLFlag,
+		signerFlag,
+		indexFlag,
+		hashFlag,
+		oracleFlag,
+	},
+	Action: sign,
+}
+
+var commandPublish = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "publish",
+	Usage: "Publish a checkpoint into the oracle",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		nodeURLFlag,
+		clefURLFlag,
+		signerFlag,
+		indexFlag,
+		signaturesFlag,
+	},
+	Action: publish,
+}
+
+// deploy deploys the checkpoint registrar contract.
+//
+// Note the network where the contract is deployed depends on
+// the network where the connected node is located.
+func deploy(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	// Gather all the addresses that should be permitted to sign
+	var addrs []common.Address
+	for _, account := range strings.Split(ctx.String(signersFlag.Name), ",") {
+		if trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(account); !common.IsHexAddress(trimmed) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Invalid account in --signers: '%s'", trimmed)
+		}
+		addrs = append(addrs, common.HexToAddress(account))
+	}
+	// Retrieve and validate the signing threshold
+	needed := ctx.Int(thresholdFlag.Name)
+	if needed == 0 || needed > len(addrs) {
+		utils.Fatalf("Invalid signature threshold %d", needed)
+	}
+	// Print a summary to ensure the user understands what they're signing
+	fmt.Printf("Deploying new checkpoint oracle:\n\n")
+	for i, addr := range addrs {
+		fmt.Printf("Admin %d => %s\n", i+1, addr.Hex())
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("\nSignatures needed to publish: %d\n", needed)
+
+	// setup clef signer, create an abigen transactor and an RPC client
+	transactor, client := newClefSigner(ctx), newClient(ctx)
+
+	// Deploy the checkpoint oracle
+	fmt.Println("Sending deploy request to Clef...")
+	oracle, tx, _, err := contract.DeployCheckpointOracle(transactor, client, addrs, big.NewInt(int64(params.CheckpointFrequency)),
+		big.NewInt(int64(params.CheckpointProcessConfirmations)), big.NewInt(int64(needed)))
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to deploy checkpoint oracle %v", err)
+	}
+	log.Info("Deployed checkpoint oracle", "address", oracle, "tx", tx.Hash().Hex())
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// sign creates the signature for specific checkpoint
+// with local key. Only contract admins have the permission to
+// sign checkpoint.
+func sign(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	var (
+		offline bool // The indicator whether we sign checkpoint by offline.
+		chash   common.Hash
+		cindex  uint64
+		address common.Address
+
+		node   *rpc.Client
+		oracle *checkpointoracle.CheckpointOracle
+	)
+	if !ctx.IsSet(nodeURLFlag.Name) {
+		// Offline mode signing
+		offline = true
+		if !ctx.IsSet(hashFlag.Name) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Please specify the checkpoint hash (--hash) to sign in offline mode")
+		}
+		chash = common.HexToHash(ctx.String(hashFlag.Name))
+
+		if !ctx.IsSet(indexFlag.Name) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Please specify checkpoint index (--index) to sign in offline mode")
+		}
+		cindex = ctx.Uint64(indexFlag.Name)
+
+		if !ctx.IsSet(oracleFlag.Name) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Please specify oracle address (--oracle) to sign in offline mode")
+		}
+		address = common.HexToAddress(ctx.String(oracleFlag.Name))
+	} else {
+		// Interactive mode signing, retrieve the data from the remote node
+		node = newRPCClient(ctx.String(nodeURLFlag.Name))
+
+		checkpoint := getCheckpoint(ctx, node)
+		chash, cindex, address = checkpoint.Hash(), checkpoint.SectionIndex, getContractAddr(node)
+
+		// Check the validity of checkpoint
+		reqCtx, cancelFn := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+		defer cancelFn()
+
+		head, err := ethclient.NewClient(node).HeaderByNumber(reqCtx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		num := head.Number.Uint64()
+		if num < ((cindex+1)*params.CheckpointFrequency + params.CheckpointProcessConfirmations) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Invalid future checkpoint")
+		}
+		_, oracle = newContract(node)
+		latest, _, h, err := oracle.Contract().GetLatestCheckpoint(nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if cindex < latest {
+			utils.Fatalf("Checkpoint is too old")
+		}
+		if cindex == latest && (latest != 0 || h.Uint64() != 0) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Stale checkpoint, latest registered %d, given %d", latest, cindex)
+		}
+	}
+	var (
+		signature string
+		signer    string
+	)
+	// isAdmin checks whether the specified signer is admin.
+	isAdmin := func(addr common.Address) error {
+		signers, err := oracle.Contract().GetAllAdmin(nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, s := range signers {
+			if s == addr {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("signer %v is not the admin", addr.Hex())
+	}
+	// Print to the user the data thy are about to sign
+	fmt.Printf("Oracle     => %s\n", address.Hex())
+	fmt.Printf("Index %4d => %s\n", cindex, chash.Hex())
+
+	// Sign checkpoint in clef mode.
+	signer = ctx.String(signerFlag.Name)
+
+	if !offline {
+		if err := isAdmin(common.HexToAddress(signer)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	clef := newRPCClient(ctx.String(clefURLFlag.Name))
+	p := make(map[string]string)
+	buf := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(buf, cindex)
+	p["address"] = address.Hex()
+	p["message"] = hexutil.Encode(append(buf, chash.Bytes()...))
+
+	fmt.Println("Sending signing request to Clef...")
+	if err := clef.Call(&signature, "account_signData", accounts.MimetypeDataWithValidator, signer, p); err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to sign checkpoint, err %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Signer     => %s\n", signer)
+	fmt.Printf("Signature  => %s\n", signature)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// sighash calculates the hash of the data to sign for the checkpoint oracle.
+func sighash(index uint64, oracle common.Address, hash common.Hash) []byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(buf, index)
+
+	data := append([]byte{0x19, 0x00}, append(oracle[:], append(buf, hash[:]...)...)...)
+	return crypto.Keccak256(data)
+}
+
+// ecrecover calculates the sender address from a sighash and signature combo.
+func ecrecover(sighash []byte, sig []byte) common.Address {
+	sig[64] -= 27
+	defer func() { sig[64] += 27 }()
+
+	signer, err := crypto.SigToPub(sighash, sig)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to recover sender from signature %x: %v", sig, err)
+	}
+	return crypto.PubkeyToAddress(*signer)
+}
+
+// publish registers the specified checkpoint which generated by connected node
+// with a authorised private key.
+func publish(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	// Print the checkpoint oracle's current status to make sure we're interacting
+	// with the correct network and contract.
+	status(ctx)
+
+	// Gather the signatures from the CLI
+	var sigs [][]byte
+	for _, sig := range strings.Split(ctx.String(signaturesFlag.Name), ",") {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(sig), "0x")
+		if len(trimmed) != 130 {
+			utils.Fatalf("Invalid signature in --signature: '%s'", trimmed)
+		} else {
+			sigs = append(sigs, common.Hex2Bytes(trimmed))
+		}
+	}
+	// Retrieve the checkpoint we want to sign to sort the signatures
+	var (
+		client       = newRPCClient(ctx.String(nodeURLFlag.Name))
+		addr, oracle = newContract(client)
+		checkpoint   = getCheckpoint(ctx, client)
+		sighash      = sighash(checkpoint.SectionIndex, addr, checkpoint.Hash())
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < len(sigs); i++ {
+		for j := i + 1; j < len(sigs); j++ {
+			signerA := ecrecover(sighash, sigs[i])
+			signerB := ecrecover(sighash, sigs[j])
+			if bytes.Compare(signerA.Bytes(), signerB.Bytes()) > 0 {
+				sigs[i], sigs[j] = sigs[j], sigs[i]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Retrieve recent header info to protect replay attack
+	reqCtx, cancelFn := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancelFn()
+
+	head, err := ethclient.NewClient(client).HeaderByNumber(reqCtx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	num := head.Number.Uint64()
+	recent, err := ethclient.NewClient(client).HeaderByNumber(reqCtx, big.NewInt(int64(num-128)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Print a summary of the operation that's going to be performed
+	fmt.Printf("Publishing %d => %s:\n\n", checkpoint.SectionIndex, checkpoint.Hash().Hex())
+	for i, sig := range sigs {
+		fmt.Printf("Signer %d => %s\n", i+1, ecrecover(sighash, sig).Hex())
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Printf("Sentry number => %d\nSentry hash   => %s\n", recent.Number, recent.Hash().Hex())
+
+	// Publish the checkpoint into the oracle
+	fmt.Println("Sending publish request to Clef...")
+	tx, err := oracle.RegisterCheckpoint(newClefSigner(ctx), checkpoint.SectionIndex, checkpoint.Hash().Bytes(), recent.Number, recent.Hash(), sigs)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Register contract failed %v", err)
+	}
+	log.Info("Successfully registered checkpoint", "tx", tx.Hash().Hex())
+	return nil
+}

cmd/checkpoint-admin/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// checkpoint-admin is a utility that can be used to query checkpoint information
+// and register stable checkpoints into an oracle contract.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/fdlimit"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+var app = flags.NewApp("ethereum checkpoint helper tool")
+
+func init() {
+	app.Commands = []*cli.Command{
+		commandStatus,
+		commandDeploy,
+		commandSign,
+		commandPublish,
+	}
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		oracleFlag,
+		nodeURLFlag,
+	}
+}
+
+// Commonly used command line flags.
+var (
+	indexFlag = &cli.Int64Flag{
+		Name:  "index",
+		Usage: "Checkpoint index (query latest from remote node if not specified)",
+	}
+	hashFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "hash",
+		Usage: "Checkpoint hash (query latest from remote node if not specified)",
+	}
+	oracleFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "oracle",
+		Usage: "Checkpoint oracle address (query from remote node if not specified)",
+	}
+	thresholdFlag = &cli.Int64Flag{
+		Name:  "threshold",
+		Usage: "Minimal number of signatures required to approve a checkpoint",
+	}
+	nodeURLFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "rpc",
+		Value: "http://localhost:8545",
+		Usage: "The rpc endpoint of a local or remote geth node",
+	}
+	clefURLFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "clef",
+		Value: "http://localhost:8550",
+		Usage: "The rpc endpoint of clef",
+	}
+	signerFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "signer",
+		Usage: "Signer address for clef signing",
+	}
+	signersFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "signers",
+		Usage: "Comma separated accounts of trusted checkpoint signers",
+	}
+	signaturesFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "signatures",
+		Usage: "Comma separated checkpoint signatures to submit",
+	}
+)
+
+func main() {
+	log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlInfo, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	fdlimit.Raise(2048)
+
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

cmd/checkpoint-admin/status.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+var commandStatus = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "status",
+	Usage: "Fetches the signers and checkpoint status of the oracle contract",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		nodeURLFlag,
+	},
+	Action: status,
+}
+
+// status fetches the admin list of specified registrar contract.
+func status(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	// Create a wrapper around the checkpoint oracle contract
+	addr, oracle := newContract(newRPCClient(ctx.String(nodeURLFlag.Name)))
+	fmt.Printf("Oracle => %s\n", addr.Hex())
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// Retrieve the list of authorized signers (admins)
+	admins, err := oracle.Contract().GetAllAdmin(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i, admin := range admins {
+		fmt.Printf("Admin %d => %s\n", i+1, admin.Hex())
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// Retrieve the latest checkpoint
+	index, checkpoint, height, err := oracle.Contract().GetLatestCheckpoint(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Checkpoint (published at #%d) %d => %s\n", height, index, common.Hash(checkpoint).Hex())
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/clef/main.go

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func initializeSecrets(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	if num != len(masterSeed) {
-		return errors.New("failed to read enough random")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read enough random")
 	}
 	n, p := keystore.StandardScryptN, keystore.StandardScryptP
 	if c.Bool(utils.LightKDFFlag.Name) {
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ func initialize(c *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 	} else if !c.Bool(acceptFlag.Name) {
 		if !confirm(legalWarning) {
-			return errors.New("aborted by user")
+			return fmt.Errorf("aborted by user")
 		}
 		fmt.Println()
 	}
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ func readMasterKey(ctx *cli.Context, ui core.UIClientAPI) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	masterSeed, err := decryptSeed(cipherKey, password)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("failed to decrypt the master seed of clef")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt the master seed of clef")
 	}
 	if len(masterSeed) < 256 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("master seed of insufficient length, expected >255 bytes, got %d", len(masterSeed))

cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strconv"
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ func discv4Resolve(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv4ResolveJSON(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 1 {
-		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().Get(0)
 	inputSet := make(nodeSet)
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ func discv4ResolveJSON(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv4Crawl(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 1 {
-		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().First()
 	var inputSet nodeSet

cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ func discv5Resolve(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv5Crawl(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 1 {
-		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().First()
 	var inputSet nodeSet

cmd/devp2p/dns_cloudflare.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ type cloudflareClient struct {
 func newCloudflareClient(ctx *cli.Context) *cloudflareClient {
 	token := ctx.String(cloudflareTokenFlag.Name)
 	if token == "" {
-		exit(errors.New("need cloudflare API token to proceed"))
+		exit(fmt.Errorf("need cloudflare API token to proceed"))
 	}
 	api, err := cloudflare.NewWithAPIToken(token)
 	if err != nil {

cmd/devp2p/dns_route53.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func newRoute53Client(ctx *cli.Context) *route53Client {
 	akey := ctx.String(route53AccessKeyFlag.Name)
 	asec := ctx.String(route53AccessSecretFlag.Name)
 	if akey == "" || asec == "" {
-		exit(errors.New("need Route53 Access Key ID and secret to proceed"))
+		exit(fmt.Errorf("need Route53 Access Key ID and secret to proceed"))
 	}
 	creds := aws.NewCredentialsCache(credentials.NewStaticCredentialsProvider(akey, asec, ""))
 	cfg, err := config.LoadDefaultConfig(context.Background(), config.WithCredentialsProvider(creds))

cmd/devp2p/dnscmd.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ func dnsSync(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func dnsSign(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 2 {
-		return errors.New("need tree definition directory and key file as arguments")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need tree definition directory and key file as arguments")
 	}
 	var (
 		defdir  = ctx.Args().Get(0)
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ func directoryName(dir string) string {
 // dnsToTXT performs dnsTXTCommand.
 func dnsToTXT(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 1 {
-		return errors.New("need tree definition directory as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need tree definition directory as argument")
 	}
 	output := ctx.Args().Get(1)
 	if output == "" {
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ func dnsToTXT(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 // dnsToCloudflare performs dnsCloudflareCommand.
 func dnsToCloudflare(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() != 1 {
-		return errors.New("need tree definition directory as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need tree definition directory as argument")
 	}
 	domain, t, err := loadTreeDefinitionForExport(ctx.Args().Get(0))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ func dnsToCloudflare(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 // dnsToRoute53 performs dnsRoute53Command.
 func dnsToRoute53(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() != 1 {
-		return errors.New("need tree definition directory as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need tree definition directory as argument")
 	}
 	domain, t, err := loadTreeDefinitionForExport(ctx.Args().Get(0))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ func dnsToRoute53(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 // dnsNukeRoute53 performs dnsRoute53NukeCommand.
 func dnsNukeRoute53(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() != 1 {
-		return errors.New("need domain name as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need domain name as argument")
 	}
 	client := newRoute53Client(ctx)
 	return client.deleteDomain(ctx.Args().First())
@@ -364,10 +363,10 @@ func loadTreeDefinitionForExport(dir string) (domain string, t *dnsdisc.Tree, er
 // tree's signature if valid.
 func ensureValidTreeSignature(t *dnsdisc.Tree, pubkey *ecdsa.PublicKey, sig string) error {
 	if sig == "" {
-		return errors.New("missing signature, run 'devp2p dns sign' first")
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing signature, run 'devp2p dns sign' first")
 	}
 	if err := t.SetSignature(pubkey, sig); err != nil {
-		return errors.New("invalid signature on tree, run 'devp2p dns sign' to update it")
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid signature on tree, run 'devp2p dns sign' to update it")
 	}
 	return nil
 }

cmd/devp2p/enrcmd.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ func enrdump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	var source string
 	if file := ctx.String(fileFlag.Name); file != "" {
 		if ctx.NArg() != 0 {
-			return errors.New("can't dump record from command-line argument in -file mode")
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't dump record from command-line argument in -file mode")
 		}
 		var b []byte
 		var err error
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ func enrdump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	} else if ctx.NArg() == 1 {
 		source = ctx.Args().First()
 	} else {
-		return errors.New("need record as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need record as argument")
 	}
 
 	r, err := parseRecord(source)

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/chain.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package ethtest
 import (
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/big"
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ func (c *Chain) Head() *types.Block {
 
 func (c *Chain) GetHeaders(req *GetBlockHeaders) ([]*types.Header, error) {
 	if req.Amount < 1 {
-		return nil, errors.New("no block headers requested")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no block headers requested")
 	}
 
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, req.Amount)

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/helpers.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package ethtest
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ loop:
 	}
 	// make sure eth protocol version is set for negotiation
 	if c.negotiatedProtoVersion == 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("eth protocol version must be set in Conn")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("eth protocol version must be set in Conn")
 	}
 	if status == nil {
 		// default status message

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/testdata/genesis.json

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
         "eip155Block": 0,
         "eip158Block": 0,
         "byzantiumBlock": 0,
-        "terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true,
         "ethash": {}
     },
     "nonce": "0xdeadbeefdeadbeef",

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/transaction.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package ethtest
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"strings"
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ func (s *Suite) sendSuccessfulTxs(t *utesting.T) error {
 	}
 	for i, tx := range tests {
 		if tx == nil {
-			return errors.New("could not find tx to send")
+			return fmt.Errorf("could not find tx to send")
 		}
 		t.Logf("Testing tx propagation %d: sending tx %v %v %v\n", i, tx.Hash().String(), tx.GasPrice(), tx.Gas())
 		// get previous tx if exists for reference in case of old tx propagation
@@ -349,7 +348,7 @@ func generateTxs(s *Suite, numTxs int) (map[common.Hash]common.Hash, []*types.Tr
 
 	nextTx := getNextTxFromChain(s)
 	if nextTx == nil {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("failed to get the next transaction")
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get the next transaction")
 	}
 	gas := nextTx.Gas()
 
@@ -358,7 +357,7 @@ func generateTxs(s *Suite, numTxs int) (map[common.Hash]common.Hash, []*types.Tr
 	for i := 0; i < numTxs; i++ {
 		tx := generateTx(s.chain.chainConfig, nonce, gas)
 		if tx == nil {
-			return nil, nil, errors.New("failed to get the next transaction")
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get the next transaction")
 		}
 		txHashMap[tx.Hash()] = tx.Hash()
 		txs[i] = tx

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/types.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package ethtest
 
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
@@ -287,5 +286,5 @@ func (c *Conn) ReadSnap(id uint64) (Message, error) {
 		}
 		return snpMsg.(Message), nil
 	}
-	return nil, errors.New("request timed out")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("request timed out")
 }

cmd/devp2p/internal/v4test/discv4tests.go

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package v4test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/rand"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"time"
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ func (te *testenv) checkPingPong(pingHash []byte) error {
 // and a PING. The two packets do not have to be in any particular order.
 func (te *testenv) checkPong(reply v4wire.Packet, pingHash []byte) error {
 	if reply == nil {
-		return errors.New("expected PONG reply, got nil")
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected PONG reply, got nil")
 	}
 	if reply.Kind() != v4wire.PongPacket {
 		return fmt.Errorf("expected PONG reply, got %v %v", reply.Name(), reply)

cmd/devp2p/keycmd.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ var (
 
 func genkey(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() != 1 {
-		return errors.New("need key file as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need key file as argument")
 	}
 	file := ctx.Args().Get(0)
 
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ func keyToRecord(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func makeRecord(ctx *cli.Context) (*enode.Node, error) {
 	if ctx.NArg() != 1 {
-		return nil, errors.New("need key file as argument")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("need key file as argument")
 	}
 
 	var (

cmd/devp2p/nodesetcmd.go

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ var (
 
 func nodesetInfo(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 1 {
-		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 
 	ns := loadNodesJSON(ctx.Args().First())
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func showAttributeCounts(ns nodeSet) {
 
 func nodesetFilter(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.NArg() < 1 {
-		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
+		return fmt.Errorf("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	// Parse -limit.
 	limit, err := parseFilterLimit(ctx.Args().Tail())

cmd/devp2p/rlpxcmd.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ func rlpxPing(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	case 1:
 		var msg []p2p.DiscReason
 		if rlp.DecodeBytes(data, &msg); len(msg) == 0 {
-			return errors.New("invalid disconnect message")
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid disconnect message")
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("received disconnect message: %v", msg[0])
 	default:

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/block.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/clique"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
@@ -74,6 +75,8 @@ type bbInput struct {
 	Clique      *cliqueInput        `json:"clique,omitempty"`
 
 	Ethash    bool                 `json:"-"`
+	EthashDir string               `json:"-"`
+	PowMode   ethash.Mode          `json:"-"`
 	Txs       []*types.Transaction `json:"-"`
 	Ommers    []*types.Header      `json:"-"`
 }
@@ -159,6 +162,8 @@ func (i *bbInput) ToBlock() *types.Block {
 // SealBlock seals the given block using the configured engine.
 func (i *bbInput) SealBlock(block *types.Block) (*types.Block, error) {
 	switch {
+	case i.Ethash:
+		return i.sealEthash(block)
 	case i.Clique != nil:
 		return i.sealClique(block)
 	default:
@@ -166,23 +171,50 @@ func (i *bbInput) SealBlock(block *types.Block) (*types.Block, error) {
 	}
 }
 
+// sealEthash seals the given block using ethash.
+func (i *bbInput) sealEthash(block *types.Block) (*types.Block, error) {
+	if i.Header.Nonce != nil {
+		return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("sealing with ethash will overwrite provided nonce"))
+	}
+	ethashConfig := ethash.Config{
+		PowMode:        i.PowMode,
+		DatasetDir:     i.EthashDir,
+		CacheDir:       i.EthashDir,
+		DatasetsInMem:  1,
+		DatasetsOnDisk: 2,
+		CachesInMem:    2,
+		CachesOnDisk:   3,
+	}
+	engine := ethash.New(ethashConfig, nil, true)
+	defer engine.Close()
+	// Use a buffered chan for results.
+	// If the testmode is used, the sealer will return quickly, and complain
+	// "Sealing result is not read by miner" if it cannot write the result.
+	results := make(chan *types.Block, 1)
+	if err := engine.Seal(nil, block, results, nil); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to seal block: %v", err))
+	}
+	found := <-results
+	return block.WithSeal(found.Header()), nil
+}
+
 // sealClique seals the given block using clique.
 func (i *bbInput) sealClique(block *types.Block) (*types.Block, error) {
 	// If any clique value overwrites an explicit header value, fail
 	// to avoid silently building a block with unexpected values.
 	if i.Header.Extra != nil {
-		return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, errors.New("sealing with clique will overwrite provided extra data"))
+		return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("sealing with clique will overwrite provided extra data"))
 	}
 	header := block.Header()
 	if i.Clique.Voted != nil {
 		if i.Header.Coinbase != nil {
-			return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, errors.New("sealing with clique and voting will overwrite provided coinbase"))
+			return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("sealing with clique and voting will overwrite provided coinbase"))
 		}
 		header.Coinbase = *i.Clique.Voted
 	}
 	if i.Clique.Authorize != nil {
 		if i.Header.Nonce != nil {
-			return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, errors.New("sealing with clique and voting will overwrite provided nonce"))
+			return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("sealing with clique and voting will overwrite provided nonce"))
 		}
 		if *i.Clique.Authorize {
 			header.Nonce = [8]byte{}
@@ -235,8 +267,28 @@ func readInput(ctx *cli.Context) (*bbInput, error) {
 		withdrawalsStr = ctx.String(InputWithdrawalsFlag.Name)
 		txsStr         = ctx.String(InputTxsRlpFlag.Name)
 		cliqueStr      = ctx.String(SealCliqueFlag.Name)
+		ethashOn       = ctx.Bool(SealEthashFlag.Name)
+		ethashDir      = ctx.String(SealEthashDirFlag.Name)
+		ethashMode     = ctx.String(SealEthashModeFlag.Name)
 		inputData      = &bbInput{}
 	)
+	if ethashOn && cliqueStr != "" {
+		return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("both ethash and clique sealing specified, only one may be chosen"))
+	}
+	if ethashOn {
+		inputData.Ethash = ethashOn
+		inputData.EthashDir = ethashDir
+		switch ethashMode {
+		case "normal":
+			inputData.PowMode = ethash.ModeNormal
+		case "test":
+			inputData.PowMode = ethash.ModeTest
+		case "fake":
+			inputData.PowMode = ethash.ModeFake
+		default:
+			return nil, NewError(ErrorConfig, fmt.Errorf("unknown pow mode: %s, supported modes: test, fake, normal", ethashMode))
+		}
+	}
 	if headerStr == stdinSelector || ommersStr == stdinSelector || txsStr == stdinSelector || cliqueStr == stdinSelector {
 		decoder := json.NewDecoder(os.Stdin)
 		if err := decoder.Decode(inputData); err != nil {

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 	}
 	var (
 		statedb     = MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), pre.Pre)
-		signer      = types.MakeSigner(chainConfig, new(big.Int).SetUint64(pre.Env.Number), pre.Env.Timestamp)
+		signer      = types.MakeSigner(chainConfig, new(big.Int).SetUint64(pre.Env.Number))
 		gaspool     = new(core.GasPool)
 		blockHash   = common.Hash{0x13, 0x37}
 		rejectedTxs []*rejectedTx
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 
 func MakePreState(db ethdb.Database, accounts core.GenesisAlloc) *state.StateDB {
 	sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &trie.Config{Preimages: true})
-	statedb, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb, nil)
+	statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, sdb, nil)
 	for addr, a := range accounts {
 		statedb.SetCode(addr, a.Code)
 		statedb.SetNonce(addr, a.Nonce)

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/flags.go

@@ -125,6 +125,19 @@ var (
 		Name:  "seal.clique",
 		Usage: "Seal block with Clique. `stdin` or file name of where to find the Clique sealing data.",
 	}
+	SealEthashFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "seal.ethash",
+		Usage: "Seal block with ethash.",
+	}
+	SealEthashDirFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "seal.ethash.dir",
+		Usage: "Path to ethash DAG. If none exists, a new DAG will be generated.",
+	}
+	SealEthashModeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "seal.ethash.mode",
+		Usage: "Defines the type and amount of PoW verification an ethash engine makes.",
+		Value: "normal",
+	}
 	RewardFlag = &cli.Int64Flag{
 		Name:  "state.reward",
 		Usage: "Mining reward. Set to -1 to disable",

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transaction.go

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			return NewError(ErrorIO, errors.New("only rlp supported"))
 		}
 	}
-	signer := types.MakeSigner(chainConfig, new(big.Int), 0)
+	signer := types.MakeSigner(chainConfig, new(big.Int))
 	// We now have the transactions in 'body', which is supposed to be an
 	// rlp list of transactions
 	it, err := rlp.NewListIterator([]byte(body))
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 		// Check intrinsic gas
 		if gas, err := core.IntrinsicGas(tx.Data(), tx.AccessList(), tx.To() == nil,
-			chainConfig.IsHomestead(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsIstanbul(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsShanghai(new(big.Int), 0)); err != nil {
+			chainConfig.IsHomestead(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsIstanbul(new(big.Int)), chainConfig.IsShanghai(0)); err != nil {
 			r.Error = err
 			results = append(results, r)
 			continue
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func Transaction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			r.Error = errors.New("gas * maxFeePerGas exceeds 256 bits")
 		}
 		// Check whether the init code size has been exceeded.
-		if chainConfig.IsShanghai(new(big.Int), 0) && tx.To() == nil && len(tx.Data()) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
+		if chainConfig.IsShanghai(0) && tx.To() == nil && len(tx.Data()) > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
 			r.Error = errors.New("max initcode size exceeded")
 		}
 		results = append(results, r)

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/transition.go

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 	}
 	// We may have to sign the transactions.
-	signer := types.MakeSigner(chainConfig, big.NewInt(int64(prestate.Env.Number)), prestate.Env.Timestamp)
+	signer := types.MakeSigner(chainConfig, big.NewInt(int64(prestate.Env.Number)))
 
 	if txs, err = signUnsignedTransactions(txsWithKeys, signer); err != nil {
 		return NewError(ErrorJson, fmt.Errorf("failed signing transactions: %v", err))
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func Transition(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			return NewError(ErrorConfig, errors.New("EIP-1559 config but missing 'currentBaseFee' in env section"))
 		}
 	}
-	if chainConfig.IsShanghai(big.NewInt(int64(prestate.Env.Number)), prestate.Env.Timestamp) && prestate.Env.Withdrawals == nil {
+	if chainConfig.IsShanghai(prestate.Env.Number) && prestate.Env.Withdrawals == nil {
 		return NewError(ErrorConfig, errors.New("Shanghai config but missing 'withdrawals' in env section"))
 	}
 	isMerged := chainConfig.TerminalTotalDifficulty != nil && chainConfig.TerminalTotalDifficulty.BitLen() == 0
@@ -389,10 +389,7 @@ type Alloc map[common.Address]core.GenesisAccount
 
 func (g Alloc) OnRoot(common.Hash) {}
 
-func (g Alloc) OnAccount(addr *common.Address, dumpAccount state.DumpAccount) {
+func (g Alloc) OnAccount(addr common.Address, dumpAccount state.DumpAccount) {
-	if addr == nil {
-		return
-	}
 	balance, _ := new(big.Int).SetString(dumpAccount.Balance, 10)
 	var storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash
 	if dumpAccount.Storage != nil {
@@ -407,7 +404,7 @@ func (g Alloc) OnAccount(addr *common.Address, dumpAccount state.DumpAccount) {
 		Balance: balance,
 		Nonce:   dumpAccount.Nonce,
 	}
-	g[*addr] = genesisAccount
+	g[addr] = genesisAccount
 }
 
 // saveFile marshals the object to the given file

cmd/evm/main.go

@@ -179,6 +179,9 @@ var blockBuilderCommand = &cli.Command{
 		t8ntool.InputWithdrawalsFlag,
 		t8ntool.InputTxsRlpFlag,
 		t8ntool.SealCliqueFlag,
+		t8ntool.SealEthashFlag,
+		t8ntool.SealEthashDirFlag,
+		t8ntool.SealEthashModeFlag,
 		t8ntool.VerbosityFlag,
 	},
 }

cmd/evm/runner.go

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm/runtime"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		chainConfig = gen.Config
 	} else {
 		sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), &trie.Config{Preimages: preimages})
-		statedb, _ = state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb, nil)
+		statedb, _ = state.New(common.Hash{}, sdb, nil)
 		genesisConfig = new(core.Genesis)
 	}
 	if ctx.String(SenderFlag.Name) != "" {

cmd/evm/staterunner.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import (
 var stateTestCommand = &cli.Command{
 	Action:    stateTestCmd,
 	Name:      "statetest",
-	Usage:     "Executes the given state tests. Filenames can be fed via standard input (batch mode) or as an argument (one-off execution).",
+	Usage:     "executes the given state tests",
 	ArgsUsage: "<file>",
 }
 
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ type StatetestResult struct {
 }
 
 func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if len(ctx.Args().First()) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("path-to-test argument required")
+	}
 	// Configure the go-ethereum logger
 	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
 	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
@@ -62,43 +65,34 @@ func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		DisableStorage:   ctx.Bool(DisableStorageFlag.Name),
 		EnableReturnData: !ctx.Bool(DisableReturnDataFlag.Name),
 	}
-	var cfg vm.Config
+	var (
+		tracer   vm.EVMLogger
+		debugger *logger.StructLogger
+	)
 	switch {
 	case ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name):
-		cfg.Tracer = logger.NewJSONLogger(config, os.Stderr)
+		tracer = logger.NewJSONLogger(config, os.Stderr)
 
 	case ctx.Bool(DebugFlag.Name):
-		cfg.Tracer = logger.NewStructLogger(config)
+		debugger = logger.NewStructLogger(config)
+		tracer = debugger
+
+	default:
+		debugger = logger.NewStructLogger(config)
 	}
 	// Load the test content from the input file
-	if len(ctx.Args().First()) != 0 {
+	src, err := os.ReadFile(ctx.Args().First())
-		return runStateTest(ctx.Args().First(), cfg, ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name), ctx.Bool(DumpFlag.Name))
-	}
-	// Read filenames from stdin and execute back-to-back
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		fname := scanner.Text()
-		if len(fname) == 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-		if err := runStateTest(fname, cfg, ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name), ctx.Bool(DumpFlag.Name)); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// runStateTest loads the state-test given by fname, and executes the test.
-func runStateTest(fname string, cfg vm.Config, jsonOut, dump bool) error {
-	src, err := os.ReadFile(fname)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	var tests map[string]tests.StateTest
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(src, &tests); err != nil {
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(src, &tests); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	// Iterate over all the tests, run them and aggregate the results
+	cfg := vm.Config{
+		Tracer: tracer,
+	}
 	results := make([]StatetestResult, 0, len(tests))
 	for key, test := range tests {
 		for _, st := range test.Subtests() {
@@ -109,20 +103,28 @@ func runStateTest(fname string, cfg vm.Config, jsonOut, dump bool) error {
 			if s != nil {
 				root := s.IntermediateRoot(false)
 				result.Root = &root
-				if jsonOut {
+				if ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name) {
 					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "{\"stateRoot\": \"%#x\"}\n", root)
 				}
 			}
 			if err != nil {
 				// Test failed, mark as so and dump any state to aid debugging
 				result.Pass, result.Error = false, err.Error()
-				if dump && s != nil {
+				if ctx.Bool(DumpFlag.Name) && s != nil {
 					dump := s.RawDump(nil)
 					result.State = &dump
 				}
 			}
 
 			results = append(results, *result)
+
+			// Print any structured logs collected
+			if ctx.Bool(DebugFlag.Name) {
+				if debugger != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "#### TRACE ####")
+					logger.WriteTrace(os.Stderr, debugger.StructLogs())
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	out, _ := json.MarshalIndent(results, "", "  ")

cmd/evm/t8n_test.go

@@ -275,8 +275,7 @@ func TestT8n(t *testing.T) {
 		tt.Run("evm-test", args...)
 		// Compare the expected output, if provided
 		if tc.expOut != "" {
-			file := fmt.Sprintf("%v/%v", tc.base, tc.expOut)
+			want, err := os.ReadFile(fmt.Sprintf("%v/%v", tc.base, tc.expOut))
-			want, err := os.ReadFile(file)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("test %d: could not read expected output: %v", i, err)
 			}
@@ -284,9 +283,9 @@ func TestT8n(t *testing.T) {
 			ok, err := cmpJson(have, want)
 			switch {
 			case err != nil:
-				t.Fatalf("test %d, file %v: json parsing failed: %v", i, file, err)
+				t.Fatalf("test %d, json parsing failed: %v", i, err)
 			case !ok:
-				t.Fatalf("test %d, file %v: output wrong, have \n%v\nwant\n%v\n", i, file, string(have), string(want))
+				t.Fatalf("test %d: output wrong, have \n%v\nwant\n%v\n", i, string(have), string(want))
 			}
 		}
 		tt.WaitExit()

cmd/evm/testdata/1/exp.json

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x0557bacce3375c98d806609b8d5043072f0b6a8bae45ae5a67a00d3a1a18d673",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x5208",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x0"
       }

cmd/evm/testdata/13/exp2.json

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0xa98a24882ea90916c6a86da650fbc6b14238e46f0af04a131ce92be897507476",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x84d0",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x0"
       },
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x36bad80acce7040c45fd32764b5c2b2d2e6f778669fb41791f73f546d56e739a",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x84d0",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x1"
       }

cmd/evm/testdata/23/exp.json

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x72fadbef39cd251a437eea619cfeda752271a5faaaa2147df012e112159ffb81",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x520b",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x0"
       }

cmd/evm/testdata/24/exp.json

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x92ea4a28224d033afb20e0cc2b290d4c7c2d61f6a4800a680e4e19ac962ee941",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0xa861",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x0"
       },
@@ -44,7 +43,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x16b1d912f1d664f3f60f4e1b5f296f3c82a64a1a253117b4851d18bc03c4f1da",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x5aa5",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x1"
       }

cmd/evm/testdata/25/exp.json

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x92ea4a28224d033afb20e0cc2b290d4c7c2d61f6a4800a680e4e19ac962ee941",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x5208",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x0"
       }

cmd/evm/testdata/3/exp.json

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
         "transactionHash": "0x72fadbef39cd251a437eea619cfeda752271a5faaaa2147df012e112159ffb81",
         "contractAddress": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "gasUsed": "0x521f",
-        "effectiveGasPrice": null,
         "blockHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
         "transactionIndex": "0x0"
       }

cmd/faucet/faucet.go

@@ -893,6 +893,6 @@ func getGenesis(genesisFlag string, goerliFlag bool, rinkebyFlag bool, sepoliaFl
 	case sepoliaFlag:
 		return core.DefaultSepoliaGenesisBlock(), nil
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.New("no genesis flag provided")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no genesis flag provided")
 	}
 }

cmd/geth/accountcmd.go

@@ -188,34 +188,15 @@ nodes.
 	}
 )
 
-// makeAccountManager creates an account manager with backends
-func makeAccountManager(ctx *cli.Context) *accounts.Manager {
-	cfg := loadBaseConfig(ctx)
-	am := accounts.NewManager(&accounts.Config{InsecureUnlockAllowed: cfg.Node.InsecureUnlockAllowed})
-	keydir, isEphemeral, err := cfg.Node.GetKeyStoreDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		utils.Fatalf("Failed to get the keystore directory: %v", err)
-	}
-	if isEphemeral {
-		utils.Fatalf("Can't use ephemeral directory as keystore path")
-	}
-
-	if err := setAccountManagerBackends(&cfg.Node, am, keydir); err != nil {
-		utils.Fatalf("Failed to set account manager backends: %v", err)
-	}
-	return am
-}
-
 func accountList(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	am := makeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	var index int
-	for _, wallet := range am.Wallets() {
+	for _, wallet := range stack.AccountManager().Wallets() {
 		for _, account := range wallet.Accounts() {
 			fmt.Printf("Account #%d: {%x} %s\n", index, account.Address, &account.URL)
 			index++
 		}
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -277,13 +258,17 @@ func ambiguousAddrRecovery(ks *keystore.KeyStore, err *keystore.AmbiguousAddrErr
 
 // accountCreate creates a new account into the keystore defined by the CLI flags.
 func accountCreate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	cfg := loadBaseConfig(ctx)
+	cfg := gethConfig{Node: defaultNodeConfig()}
-	keydir, isEphemeral, err := cfg.Node.GetKeyStoreDir()
+	// Load config file.
-	if err != nil {
+	if file := ctx.String(configFileFlag.Name); file != "" {
-		utils.Fatalf("Failed to get the keystore directory: %v", err)
+		if err := loadConfig(file, &cfg); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
 		}
-	if isEphemeral {
+	}
-		utils.Fatalf("Can't use ephemeral directory as keystore path")
+	utils.SetNodeConfig(ctx, &cfg.Node)
+	keydir, err := cfg.Node.KeyDirConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read configuration: %v", err)
 	}
 	scryptN := keystore.StandardScryptN
 	scryptP := keystore.StandardScryptP
@@ -315,8 +300,8 @@ func accountUpdate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if ctx.Args().Len() == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("No accounts specified to update")
 	}
-	am := makeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
-	backends := am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
+	backends := stack.AccountManager().Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
 	if len(backends) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("Keystore is not available")
 	}
@@ -342,14 +327,14 @@ func importWallet(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not read wallet file: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	am := makeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
-	backends := am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
+	passphrase := utils.GetPassPhraseWithList("", false, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
+
+	backends := stack.AccountManager().Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
 	if len(backends) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("Keystore is not available")
 	}
 	ks := backends[0].(*keystore.KeyStore)
-	passphrase := utils.GetPassPhraseWithList("", false, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
-
 	acct, err := ks.ImportPreSaleKey(keyJSON, passphrase)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
@@ -367,14 +352,14 @@ func accountImport(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to load the private key: %v", err)
 	}
-	am := makeAccountManager(ctx)
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
-	backends := am.Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
+	passphrase := utils.GetPassPhraseWithList("Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
+
+	backends := stack.AccountManager().Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)
 	if len(backends) == 0 {
 		utils.Fatalf("Keystore is not available")
 	}
 	ks := backends[0].(*keystore.KeyStore)
-	passphrase := utils.GetPassPhraseWithList("Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
-
 	acct, err := ks.ImportECDSA(key, passphrase)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Could not create the account: %v", err)

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		if conf.OnlyWithAddresses {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "If you want to include accounts with missing preimages, you need iterative output, since"+
 				" otherwise the accounts will overwrite each other in the resulting mapping.")
-			return errors.New("incompatible options")
+			return fmt.Errorf("incompatible options")
 		}
 		fmt.Println(string(state.Dump(conf)))
 	}

cmd/geth/config.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/external"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/scwallet"
@@ -120,9 +119,8 @@ func defaultNodeConfig() node.Config {
 	return cfg
 }
 
-// loadBaseConfig loads the gethConfig based on the given command line
+// makeConfigNode loads geth configuration and creates a blank node instance.
-// parameters and config file.
+func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
-func loadBaseConfig(ctx *cli.Context) gethConfig {
 	// Load defaults.
 	cfg := gethConfig{
 		Eth:     ethconfig.Defaults,
@@ -139,18 +137,12 @@ func loadBaseConfig(ctx *cli.Context) gethConfig {
 
 	// Apply flags.
 	utils.SetNodeConfig(ctx, &cfg.Node)
-	return cfg
-}
-
-// makeConfigNode loads geth configuration and creates a blank node instance.
-func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
-	cfg := loadBaseConfig(ctx)
 	stack, err := node.New(&cfg.Node)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to create the protocol stack: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Node doesn't by default populate account manager backends
-	if err := setAccountManagerBackends(stack.Config(), stack.AccountManager(), stack.KeyStoreDir()); err != nil {
+	if err := setAccountManagerBackends(stack); err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to set account manager backends: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -166,9 +158,9 @@ func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
 // makeFullNode loads geth configuration and creates the Ethereum backend.
 func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, ethapi.Backend) {
 	stack, cfg := makeConfigNode(ctx)
-	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideCancun.Name) {
+	if ctx.IsSet(utils.OverrideShanghai.Name) {
-		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideCancun.Name)
+		v := ctx.Uint64(utils.OverrideShanghai.Name)
-		cfg.Eth.OverrideCancun = &v
+		cfg.Eth.OverrideShanghai = &v
 	}
 	backend, eth := utils.RegisterEthService(stack, &cfg.Eth)
 
@@ -277,7 +269,10 @@ func deprecated(field string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
-func setAccountManagerBackends(conf *node.Config, am *accounts.Manager, keydir string) error {
+func setAccountManagerBackends(stack *node.Node) error {
+	conf := stack.Config()
+	am := stack.AccountManager()
+	keydir := stack.KeyStoreDir()
 	scryptN := keystore.StandardScryptN
 	scryptP := keystore.StandardScryptP
 	if conf.UseLightweightKDF {
@@ -288,8 +283,8 @@ func setAccountManagerBackends(conf *node.Config, am *accounts.Manager, keydir s
 	// Assemble the supported backends
 	if len(conf.ExternalSigner) > 0 {
 		log.Info("Using external signer", "url", conf.ExternalSigner)
-		if extBackend, err := external.NewExternalBackend(conf.ExternalSigner); err == nil {
+		if extapi, err := external.NewExternalBackend(conf.ExternalSigner); err == nil {
-			am.AddBackend(extBackend)
+			am.AddBackend(extapi)
 			return nil
 		} else {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error connecting to external signer: %v", err)

cmd/geth/consolecmd_test.go

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func TestAttachWelcome(t *testing.T) {
 		waitForEndpoint(t, endpoint, 3*time.Second)
 		testAttachWelcome(t, geth, endpoint, httpAPIs)
 	})
-	geth.Kill()
+	geth.ExpectExit()
 }
 
 func testAttachWelcome(t *testing.T, geth *testgeth, endpoint, apis string) {

cmd/geth/genesis_test.go

@@ -41,9 +41,7 @@ var customGenesisTests = []struct {
 			"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 			"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 			"timestamp"  : "0x00",
-			"config"     : {
+			"config"     : {}
-				"terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true
-			}
 		}`,
 		query:  "eth.getBlock(0).nonce",
 		result: "0x0000000000001338",
@@ -63,8 +61,7 @@ var customGenesisTests = []struct {
 			"config"     : {
 				"homesteadBlock" : 42,
 				"daoForkBlock"   : 141,
-				"daoForkSupport"                : true,
+				"daoForkSupport" : true
-				"terminalTotalDifficultyPassed" : true
 			}
 		}`,
 		query:  "eth.getBlock(0).nonce",
@@ -114,9 +111,7 @@ func TestCustomBackend(t *testing.T) {
 			"mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 			"parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
 			"timestamp"  : "0x00",
-			"config"     : {
+			"config"     : {}
-				"terminalTotalDifficultyPassed": true
-			}
 	}`
 	type backendTest struct {
 		initArgs   []string
@@ -151,8 +146,8 @@ func TestCustomBackend(t *testing.T) {
 		return nil
 	}
 	for i, tt := range []backendTest{
-		{ // When not specified, it should default to pebble
+		{ // When not specified, it should default to leveldb
-			execArgs:   []string{"--db.engine", "pebble"},
+			execArgs:   []string{"--db.engine", "leveldb"},
 			execExpect: "0x0000000000001338",
 		},
 		{ // Explicit leveldb

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -70,8 +70,16 @@ var (
 		utils.NoUSBFlag,
 		utils.USBFlag,
 		utils.SmartCardDaemonPathFlag,
-		utils.OverrideCancun,
+		utils.OverrideShanghai,
 		utils.EnablePersonal,
+		utils.EthashCacheDirFlag,
+		utils.EthashCachesInMemoryFlag,
+		utils.EthashCachesOnDiskFlag,
+		utils.EthashCachesLockMmapFlag,
+		utils.EthashDatasetDirFlag,
+		utils.EthashDatasetsInMemoryFlag,
+		utils.EthashDatasetsOnDiskFlag,
+		utils.EthashDatasetsLockMmapFlag,
 		utils.TxPoolLocalsFlag,
 		utils.TxPoolNoLocalsFlag,
 		utils.TxPoolJournalFlag,
@@ -113,17 +121,19 @@ var (
 		utils.CachePreimagesFlag,
 		utils.CacheLogSizeFlag,
 		utils.FDLimitFlag,
-		utils.CryptoKZGFlag,
 		utils.ListenPortFlag,
 		utils.DiscoveryPortFlag,
 		utils.MaxPeersFlag,
 		utils.MaxPendingPeersFlag,
 		utils.MiningEnabledFlag,
+		utils.MinerThreadsFlag,
+		utils.MinerNotifyFlag,
 		utils.MinerGasLimitFlag,
 		utils.MinerGasPriceFlag,
 		utils.MinerEtherbaseFlag,
 		utils.MinerExtraDataFlag,
 		utils.MinerRecommitIntervalFlag,
+		utils.MinerNoVerifyFlag,
 		utils.MinerNewPayloadTimeout,
 		utils.NATFlag,
 		utils.NoDiscoverFlag,
@@ -138,11 +148,13 @@ var (
 		utils.VMEnableDebugFlag,
 		utils.NetworkIdFlag,
 		utils.EthStatsURLFlag,
+		utils.FakePoWFlag,
 		utils.NoCompactionFlag,
 		utils.GpoBlocksFlag,
 		utils.GpoPercentileFlag,
 		utils.GpoMaxGasPriceFlag,
 		utils.GpoIgnoreGasPriceFlag,
+		utils.MinerNotifyFullFlag,
 		configFileFlag,
 	}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags)
 
@@ -218,6 +230,8 @@ func init() {
 		attachCommand,
 		javascriptCommand,
 		// See misccmd.go:
+		makecacheCommand,
+		makedagCommand,
 		versionCommand,
 		versionCheckCommand,
 		licenseCommand,
@@ -454,7 +468,9 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, backend ethapi.Backend, isCon
 		// Set the gas price to the limits from the CLI and start mining
 		gasprice := flags.GlobalBig(ctx, utils.MinerGasPriceFlag.Name)
 		ethBackend.TxPool().SetGasPrice(gasprice)
-		if err := ethBackend.StartMining(); err != nil {
+		// start mining
+		threads := ctx.Int(utils.MinerThreadsFlag.Name)
+		if err := ethBackend.StartMining(threads); err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("Failed to start mining: %v", err)
 		}
 	}

cmd/geth/misccmd.go

@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/version"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
@@ -38,6 +41,30 @@ var (
 		Usage: "Version to check",
 		Value: version.ClientName(clientIdentifier),
 	}
+	makecacheCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Action:    makecache,
+		Name:      "makecache",
+		Usage:     "Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)",
+		ArgsUsage: "<blockNum> <outputDir>",
+		Description: `
+The makecache command generates an ethash cache in <outputDir>.
+
+This command exists to support the system testing project.
+Regular users do not need to execute it.
+`,
+	}
+	makedagCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Action:    makedag,
+		Name:      "makedag",
+		Usage:     "Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)",
+		ArgsUsage: "<blockNum> <outputDir>",
+		Description: `
+The makedag command generates an ethash DAG in <outputDir>.
+
+This command exists to support the system testing project.
+Regular users do not need to execute it.
+`,
+	}
 	versionCommand = &cli.Command{
 		Action:    printVersion,
 		Name:      "version",
@@ -69,6 +96,36 @@ and displays information about any security vulnerabilities that affect the curr
 	}
 )
 
+// makecache generates an ethash verification cache into the provided folder.
+func makecache(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	args := ctx.Args().Slice()
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		utils.Fatalf(`Usage: geth makecache <block number> <outputdir>`)
+	}
+	block, err := strconv.ParseUint(args[0], 0, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Invalid block number: %v", err)
+	}
+	ethash.MakeCache(block, args[1])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// makedag generates an ethash mining DAG into the provided folder.
+func makedag(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	args := ctx.Args().Slice()
+	if len(args) != 2 {
+		utils.Fatalf(`Usage: geth makedag <block number> <outputdir>`)
+	}
+	block, err := strconv.ParseUint(args[0], 0, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Invalid block number: %v", err)
+	}
+	ethash.MakeDataset(block, args[1])
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func printVersion(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	git, _ := version.VCS()
 

cmd/geth/verkle.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func checkChildren(root verkle.VerkleNode, resolver verkle.NodeResolverFn) error
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		return errors.New("Both balance and nonce are 0")
+		return fmt.Errorf("Both balance and nonce are 0")
 	case verkle.Empty:
 		// nothing to do
 	default:

cmd/utils/cmd.go

@@ -118,9 +118,6 @@ func StartNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, isConsole bool) {
 }
 
 func monitorFreeDiskSpace(sigc chan os.Signal, path string, freeDiskSpaceCritical uint64) {
-	if path == "" {
-		return
-	}
 	for {
 		freeSpace, err := getFreeDiskSpace(path)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -184,7 +181,7 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.BlockChain, fn string) error {
 	for batch := 0; ; batch++ {
 		// Load a batch of RLP blocks.
 		if checkInterrupt() {
-			return errors.New("interrupted")
+			return fmt.Errorf("interrupted")
 		}
 		i := 0
 		for ; i < importBatchSize; i++ {
@@ -207,21 +204,15 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.BlockChain, fn string) error {
 		}
 		// Import the batch.
 		if checkInterrupt() {
-			return errors.New("interrupted")
+			return fmt.Errorf("interrupted")
 		}
 		missing := missingBlocks(chain, blocks[:i])
 		if len(missing) == 0 {
 			log.Info("Skipping batch as all blocks present", "batch", batch, "first", blocks[0].Hash(), "last", blocks[i-1].Hash())
 			continue
 		}
-		if failindex, err := chain.InsertChain(missing); err != nil {
+		if _, err := chain.InsertChain(missing); err != nil {
-			var failnumber uint64
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid block %d: %v", n, err)
-			if failindex > 0 && failindex < len(missing) {
-				failnumber = missing[failindex].NumberU64()
-			} else {
-				failnumber = missing[0].NumberU64()
-			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid block %d: %v", failnumber, err)
 		}
 	}
 	return nil

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/fdlimit"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	ethcatalyst "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/catalyst"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/downloader"
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ var (
 	}
 	DBEngineFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "db.engine",
-		Usage:    "Backing database implementation to use ('pebble' or 'leveldb')",
+		Usage:    "Backing database implementation to use ('leveldb' or 'pebble')",
-		Value:    node.DefaultConfig.DBEngine,
+		Value:    "leveldb",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
 	AncientFlag = &flags.DirectoryFlag{
@@ -276,9 +276,9 @@ var (
 		Value:    2048,
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
-	OverrideCancun = &cli.Uint64Flag{
+	OverrideShanghai = &cli.Uint64Flag{
-		Name:     "override.cancun",
+		Name:     "override.shanghai",
-		Usage:    "Manually specify the Cancun fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting",
+		Usage:    "Manually specify the Shanghai fork timestamp, overriding the bundled setting",
 		Category: flags.EthCategory,
 	}
 	// Light server and client settings
@@ -333,6 +333,54 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Enables serving light clients before syncing",
 		Category: flags.LightCategory,
 	}
+
+	// Ethash settings
+	EthashCacheDirFlag = &flags.DirectoryFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.cachedir",
+		Usage:    "Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)",
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashCachesInMemoryFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.cachesinmem",
+		Usage:    "Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each)",
+		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.Ethash.CachesInMem,
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashCachesOnDiskFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.cachesondisk",
+		Usage:    "Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each)",
+		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.Ethash.CachesOnDisk,
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashCachesLockMmapFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.cacheslockmmap",
+		Usage:    "Lock memory maps of recent ethash caches",
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashDatasetDirFlag = &flags.DirectoryFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.dagdir",
+		Usage:    "Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs",
+		Value:    flags.DirectoryString(ethconfig.Defaults.Ethash.DatasetDir),
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashDatasetsInMemoryFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.dagsinmem",
+		Usage:    "Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each)",
+		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.Ethash.DatasetsInMem,
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashDatasetsOnDiskFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.dagsondisk",
+		Usage:    "Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each)",
+		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.Ethash.DatasetsOnDisk,
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+	EthashDatasetsLockMmapFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "ethash.dagslockmmap",
+		Usage:    "Lock memory maps for recent ethash mining DAGs",
+		Category: flags.EthashCategory,
+	}
+
 	// Transaction pool settings
 	TxPoolLocalsFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "txpool.locals",
@@ -463,12 +511,6 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Raise the open file descriptor resource limit (default = system fd limit)",
 		Category: flags.PerfCategory,
 	}
-	CryptoKZGFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:     "crypto.kzg",
-		Usage:    "KZG library implementation to use; gokzg (recommended) or ckzg",
-		Value:    "gokzg",
-		Category: flags.PerfCategory,
-	}
 
 	// Miner settings
 	MiningEnabledFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
@@ -476,6 +518,22 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Enable mining",
 		Category: flags.MinerCategory,
 	}
+	MinerThreadsFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:     "miner.threads",
+		Usage:    "Number of CPU threads to use for mining",
+		Value:    0,
+		Category: flags.MinerCategory,
+	}
+	MinerNotifyFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:     "miner.notify",
+		Usage:    "Comma separated HTTP URL list to notify of new work packages",
+		Category: flags.MinerCategory,
+	}
+	MinerNotifyFullFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "miner.notify.full",
+		Usage:    "Notify with pending block headers instead of work packages",
+		Category: flags.MinerCategory,
+	}
 	MinerGasLimitFlag = &cli.Uint64Flag{
 		Name:     "miner.gaslimit",
 		Usage:    "Target gas ceiling for mined blocks",
@@ -504,6 +562,11 @@ var (
 		Value:    ethconfig.Defaults.Miner.Recommit,
 		Category: flags.MinerCategory,
 	}
+	MinerNoVerifyFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "miner.noverify",
+		Usage:    "Disable remote sealing verification",
+		Category: flags.MinerCategory,
+	}
 	MinerNewPayloadTimeout = &cli.DurationFlag{
 		Name:     "miner.newpayload-timeout",
 		Usage:    "Specify the maximum time allowance for creating a new payload",
@@ -593,6 +656,11 @@ var (
 		Usage:    "Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)",
 		Category: flags.MetricsCategory,
 	}
+	FakePoWFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:     "fakepow",
+		Usage:    "Disables proof-of-work verification",
+		Category: flags.LoggingCategory,
+	}
 	NoCompactionFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "nocompaction",
 		Usage:    "Disables db compaction after import",
@@ -1544,7 +1612,38 @@ func setTxPool(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *txpool.Config) {
 	}
 }
 
+func setEthash(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashCacheDirFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.CacheDir = ctx.String(EthashCacheDirFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashDatasetDirFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.DatasetDir = ctx.String(EthashDatasetDirFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashCachesInMemoryFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.CachesInMem = ctx.Int(EthashCachesInMemoryFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashCachesOnDiskFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.CachesOnDisk = ctx.Int(EthashCachesOnDiskFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashCachesLockMmapFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.CachesLockMmap = ctx.Bool(EthashCachesLockMmapFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashDatasetsInMemoryFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.DatasetsInMem = ctx.Int(EthashDatasetsInMemoryFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashDatasetsOnDiskFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.DatasetsOnDisk = ctx.Int(EthashDatasetsOnDiskFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(EthashDatasetsLockMmapFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Ethash.DatasetsLockMmap = ctx.Bool(EthashDatasetsLockMmapFlag.Name)
+	}
+}
+
 func setMiner(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *miner.Config) {
+	if ctx.IsSet(MinerNotifyFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Notify = strings.Split(ctx.String(MinerNotifyFlag.Name), ",")
+	}
+	cfg.NotifyFull = ctx.Bool(MinerNotifyFullFlag.Name)
 	if ctx.IsSet(MinerExtraDataFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.ExtraData = []byte(ctx.String(MinerExtraDataFlag.Name))
 	}
@@ -1557,6 +1656,9 @@ func setMiner(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *miner.Config) {
 	if ctx.IsSet(MinerRecommitIntervalFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.Recommit = ctx.Duration(MinerRecommitIntervalFlag.Name)
 	}
+	if ctx.IsSet(MinerNoVerifyFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Noverify = ctx.Bool(MinerNoVerifyFlag.Name)
+	}
 	if ctx.IsSet(MinerNewPayloadTimeout.Name) {
 		cfg.NewPayloadTimeout = ctx.Duration(MinerNewPayloadTimeout.Name)
 	}
@@ -1647,6 +1749,7 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	setEtherbase(ctx, cfg)
 	setGPO(ctx, &cfg.GPO, ctx.String(SyncModeFlag.Name) == "light")
 	setTxPool(ctx, &cfg.TxPool)
+	setEthash(ctx, cfg)
 	setMiner(ctx, &cfg.Miner)
 	setRequiredBlocks(ctx, cfg)
 	setLes(ctx, cfg)
@@ -1762,6 +1865,7 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 			cfg.EthDiscoveryURLs = SplitAndTrim(urls)
 		}
 	}
+
 	// Override any default configs for hard coded networks.
 	switch {
 	case ctx.Bool(MainnetFlag.Name):
@@ -1871,14 +1975,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 			SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.MainnetGenesisHash)
 		}
 	}
-	// Set any dangling config values
-	if ctx.String(CryptoKZGFlag.Name) != "gokzg" && ctx.String(CryptoKZGFlag.Name) != "ckzg" {
-		Fatalf("--%s flag must be 'gokzg' or 'ckzg'", CryptoKZGFlag.Name)
-	}
-	log.Info("Initializing the KZG library", "backend", ctx.String(CryptoKZGFlag.Name))
-	if err := kzg4844.UseCKZG(ctx.String(CryptoKZGFlag.Name) == "ckzg"); err != nil {
-		Fatalf("Failed to set KZG library implementation to %s: %v", ctx.String(CryptoKZGFlag.Name), err)
-	}
 }
 
 // SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults configures DNS discovery with the given URL if
@@ -2138,14 +2234,15 @@ func MakeChain(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, readonly bool) (*core.BlockCh
 		gspec   = MakeGenesis(ctx)
 		chainDb = MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, readonly)
 	)
-	config, err := core.LoadChainConfig(chainDb, gspec)
+	cliqueConfig, err := core.LoadCliqueConfig(chainDb, gspec)
 	if err != nil {
 		Fatalf("%v", err)
 	}
-	engine, err := ethconfig.CreateConsensusEngine(config, chainDb)
+	ethashConfig := ethconfig.Defaults.Ethash
-	if err != nil {
+	if ctx.Bool(FakePoWFlag.Name) {
-		Fatalf("%v", err)
+		ethashConfig.PowMode = ethash.ModeFake
 	}
+	engine := ethconfig.CreateConsensusEngine(stack, &ethashConfig, cliqueConfig, nil, false, chainDb)
 	if gcmode := ctx.String(GCModeFlag.Name); gcmode != "full" && gcmode != "archive" {
 		Fatalf("--%s must be either 'full' or 'archive'", GCModeFlag.Name)
 	}

common/types.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"math/rand"
 	"reflect"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
@@ -430,35 +429,3 @@ func (ma *MixedcaseAddress) ValidChecksum() bool {
 func (ma *MixedcaseAddress) Original() string {
 	return ma.original
 }
-
-// AddressEIP55 is an alias of Address with a customized json marshaller
-type AddressEIP55 Address
-
-// String returns the hex representation of the address in the manner of EIP55.
-func (addr AddressEIP55) String() string {
-	return Address(addr).Hex()
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals the address in the manner of EIP55.
-func (addr AddressEIP55) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(addr.String())
-}
-
-type Decimal uint64
-
-func isString(input []byte) bool {
-	return len(input) >= 2 && input[0] == '"' && input[len(input)-1] == '"'
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON parses a hash in hex syntax.
-func (d *Decimal) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	if !isString(input) {
-		return &json.UnmarshalTypeError{Value: "non-string", Type: reflect.TypeOf(uint64(0))}
-	}
-	if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(input[1:len(input)-1]), 10, 64); err == nil {
-		*d = Decimal(i)
-		return nil
-	} else {
-		return err
-	}
-}

common/types_test.go

@@ -559,27 +559,3 @@ func TestHash_Format(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestAddressEIP55(t *testing.T) {
-	addr := HexToAddress("0x5aaeb6053f3e94c9b9a09f33669435e7ef1beaed")
-	addrEIP55 := AddressEIP55(addr)
-
-	if addr.Hex() != addrEIP55.String() {
-		t.Fatal("AddressEIP55 should match original address hex")
-	}
-
-	blob, err := addrEIP55.MarshalJSON()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("Failed to marshal AddressEIP55", err)
-	}
-	if strings.Trim(string(blob), "\"") != addr.Hex() {
-		t.Fatal("Address with checksum is expected")
-	}
-	var dec Address
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &dec); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("Failed to unmarshal AddressEIP55", err)
-	}
-	if addr != dec {
-		t.Fatal("Unexpected address after unmarshal")
-	}
-}

consensus/beacon/consensus.go

@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error) {
 
 // VerifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules of the
 // stock Ethereum consensus engine.
-func (beacon *Beacon) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
+func (beacon *Beacon) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error {
 	reached, err := IsTTDReached(chain, header.ParentHash, header.Number.Uint64()-1)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if !reached {
-		return beacon.ethone.VerifyHeader(chain, header)
+		return beacon.ethone.VerifyHeader(chain, header, seal)
 	}
 	// Short circuit if the parent is not known
 	parent := chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, header.Number.Uint64()-1)
@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) splitHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []
 // concurrently. The method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and
 // a results channel to retrieve the async verifications.
 // VerifyHeaders expect the headers to be ordered and continuous.
-func (beacon *Beacon) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (beacon *Beacon) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	preHeaders, postHeaders, err := beacon.splitHeaders(chain, headers)
 	if err != nil {
 		return make(chan struct{}), errOut(len(headers), err)
 	}
 	if len(postHeaders) == 0 {
-		return beacon.ethone.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers)
+		return beacon.ethone.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
 	}
 	if len(preHeaders) == 0 {
 		return beacon.verifyHeaders(chain, headers, nil)
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers [
 			old, new, out      = 0, len(preHeaders), 0
 			errors             = make([]error, len(headers))
 			done               = make([]bool, len(headers))
-			oldDone, oldResult = beacon.ethone.VerifyHeaders(chain, preHeaders)
+			oldDone, oldResult = beacon.ethone.VerifyHeaders(chain, preHeaders, seals[:len(preHeaders)])
 			newDone, newResult = beacon.verifyHeaders(chain, postHeaders, preHeaders[len(preHeaders)-1])
 		)
 		// Collect the results
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header, pa
 		return err
 	}
 	// Verify existence / non-existence of withdrawalsHash.
-	shanghai := chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time)
+	shanghai := chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Time)
 	if shanghai && header.WithdrawalsHash == nil {
 		return errors.New("missing withdrawalsHash")
 	}
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header, pa
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid withdrawalsHash: have %x, expected nil", header.WithdrawalsHash)
 	}
 	// Verify the existence / non-existence of excessDataGas
-	cancun := chain.Config().IsCancun(header.Number, header.Time)
+	cancun := chain.Config().IsCancun(header.Time)
 	if cancun && header.ExcessDataGas == nil {
 		return errors.New("missing excessDataGas")
 	}
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func (beacon *Beacon) FinalizeAndAssemble(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, hea
 	if !beacon.IsPoSHeader(header) {
 		return beacon.ethone.FinalizeAndAssemble(chain, header, state, txs, uncles, receipts, nil)
 	}
-	shanghai := chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time)
+	shanghai := chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Time)
 	if shanghai {
 		// All blocks after Shanghai must include a withdrawals root.
 		if withdrawals == nil {

consensus/clique/clique.go

@@ -214,14 +214,14 @@ func (c *Clique) Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error) {
 }
 
 // VerifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules.
-func (c *Clique) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
+func (c *Clique) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error {
 	return c.verifyHeader(chain, header, nil)
 }
 
 // VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers. The
 // method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and a results channel to
 // retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of the input slice).
-func (c *Clique) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (c *Clique) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	abort := make(chan struct{})
 	results := make(chan error, len(headers))
 
@@ -298,11 +298,11 @@ func (c *Clique) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.H
 	if header.GasLimit > params.MaxGasLimit {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid gasLimit: have %v, max %v", header.GasLimit, params.MaxGasLimit)
 	}
-	if chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {
+	if chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Time) {
-		return errors.New("clique does not support shanghai fork")
+		return fmt.Errorf("clique does not support shanghai fork")
 	}
-	if chain.Config().IsCancun(header.Number, header.Time) {
+	if chain.Config().IsCancun(header.Time) {
-		return errors.New("clique does not support cancun fork")
+		return fmt.Errorf("clique does not support cancun fork")
 	}
 	// All basic checks passed, verify cascading fields
 	return c.verifyCascadingFields(chain, header, parents)

consensus/consensus.go

@@ -66,14 +66,15 @@ type Engine interface {
 	Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error)
 
 	// VerifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules of a
-	// given engine.
+	// given engine. Verifying the seal may be done optionally here, or explicitly
-	VerifyHeader(chain ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error
+	// via the VerifySeal method.
+	VerifyHeader(chain ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error
 
 	// VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers
 	// concurrently. The method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and
 	// a results channel to retrieve the async verifications (the order is that of
 	// the input slice).
-	VerifyHeaders(chain ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error)
+	VerifyHeaders(chain ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error)
 
 	// VerifyUncles verifies that the given block's uncles conform to the consensus
 	// rules of a given engine.

consensus/ethash/algorithm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// prepare converts an ethash cache or dataset from a byte stream into the internal
+// int representation. All ethash methods work with ints to avoid constant byte to
+// int conversions as well as to handle both little and big endian systems.
+func prepare(dest []uint32, src []byte) {
+	for i := 0; i < len(dest); i++ {
+		dest[i] = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(src[i*4:])
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests whether the dataset size calculator works correctly by cross checking the
+// hard coded lookup table with the value generated by it.
+func TestSizeCalculations(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify all the cache and dataset sizes from the lookup table.
+	for epoch, want := range cacheSizes {
+		if size := calcCacheSize(epoch); size != want {
+			t.Errorf("cache %d: cache size mismatch: have %d, want %d", epoch, size, want)
+		}
+	}
+	for epoch, want := range datasetSizes {
+		if size := calcDatasetSize(epoch); size != want {
+			t.Errorf("dataset %d: dataset size mismatch: have %d, want %d", epoch, size, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that verification caches can be correctly generated.
+func TestCacheGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		size  uint64
+		epoch uint64
+		cache []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			size:  1024,
+			epoch: 0,
+			cache: hexutil.MustDecode("0x" +
+				"7ce2991c951f7bf4c4c1bb119887ee07871eb5339d7b97b8588e85c742de90e5bafd5bbe6ce93a134fb6be9ad3e30db99d9528a2ea7846833f52e9ca119b6b54" +
+				"8979480c46e19972bd0738779c932c1b43e665a2fd3122fc3ddb2691f353ceb0ed3e38b8f51fd55b6940290743563c9f8fa8822e611924657501a12aafab8a8d" +
+				"88fb5fbae3a99d14792406672e783a06940a42799b1c38bc28715db6d37cb11f9f6b24e386dc52dd8c286bd8c36fa813dffe4448a9f56ebcbeea866b42f68d22" +
+				"6c32aae4d695a23cab28fd74af53b0c2efcc180ceaaccc0b2e280103d097a03c1d1b0f0f26ce5f32a90238f9bc49f645db001ef9cd3d13d44743f841fad11a37" +
+				"fa290c62c16042f703578921f30b9951465aae2af4a5dad43a7341d7b4a62750954965a47a1c3af638dc3495c4d62a9bab843168c9fc0114e79cffd1b2827b01" +
+				"75d30ba054658f214e946cf24c43b40d3383fbb0493408e5c5392434ca21bbcf43200dfb876c713d201813934fa485f48767c5915745cf0986b1dc0f33e57748" +
+				"bf483ee2aff4248dfe461ec0504a13628401020fc22638584a8f2f5206a13b2f233898c78359b21c8226024d0a7a93df5eb6c282bdbf005a4aab497e096f2847" +
+				"76c71cee57932a8fb89f6d6b8743b60a4ea374899a94a2e0f218d5c55818cefb1790c8529a76dba31ebb0f4592d709b49587d2317970d39c086f18dd244291d9" +
+				"eedb16705e53e3350591bd4ff4566a3595ac0f0ce24b5e112a3d033bc51b6fea0a92296dea7f5e20bf6ee6bc347d868fda193c395b9bb147e55e5a9f67cfe741" +
+				"7eea7d699b155bd13804204df7ea91fa9249e4474dddf35188f77019c67d201e4c10d7079c5ad492a71afff9a23ca7e900ba7d1bdeaf3270514d8eb35eab8a0a" +
+				"718bb7273aeb37768fa589ed8ab01fbf4027f4ebdbbae128d21e485f061c20183a9bc2e31edbda0727442e9d58eb0fe198440fe199e02e77c0f7b99973f1f74c" +
+				"c9089a51ab96c94a84d66e6aa48b2d0a4543adb5a789039a2aa7b335ca85c91026c7d3c894da53ae364188c3fd92f78e01d080399884a47385aa792e38150cda" +
+				"a8620b2ebeca41fbc773bb837b5e724d6eb2de570d99858df0d7d97067fb8103b21757873b735097b35d3bea8fd1c359a9e8a63c1540c76c9784cf8d975e995c" +
+				"778401b94a2e66e6993ad67ad3ecdc2acb17779f1ea8606827ec92b11c728f8c3b6d3f04a3e6ed05ff81dd76d5dc5695a50377bc135aaf1671cf68b750315493" +
+				"6c64510164d53312bf3c41740c7a237b05faf4a191bd8a95dafa068dbcf370255c725900ce5c934f36feadcfe55b687c440574c1f06f39d207a8553d39156a24" +
+				"845f64fd8324bb85312979dead74f764c9677aab89801ad4f927f1c00f12e28f22422bb44200d1969d9ab377dd6b099dc6dbc3222e9321b2c1e84f8e2f07731c"),
+		},
+		{
+			size:  1024,
+			epoch: 1,
+			cache: hexutil.MustDecode("0x" +
+				"1f56855d59cc5a085720899b4377a0198f1abe948d85fe5820dc0e346b7c0931b9cde8e541d751de3b2b3275d0aabfae316209d5879297d8bd99f8a033c9d4df" +
+				"35add1029f4e6404a022d504fb8023e42989aba985a65933b0109c7218854356f9284983c9e7de97de591828ae348b63d1fc78d8db58157344d4e06530ffd422" +
+				"5c7f6080d451ff94961ec2dd9e28e6d81b49102451676dbdcb6ef1094c1e8b29e7e808d47b2ba5aeb52dabf00d5f0ee08c116289cbf56d8132e5ca557c3d6220" +
+				"5ba3a48539acabfd4ca3c89e3aaa668e24ffeaeb9eb0136a9fc5a8a676b6d5ad76175eeda0a1fa44b5ff5591079e4b7f581569b6c82416adcb82d7e92980df67" +
+				"2248c4024013e7be52cf91a82491627d9e6d80eda2770ab82badc5e120cd33a4c84495f718b57396a8f397e797087fad81fa50f0e2f5da71e40816a85de35a96" +
+				"3cd351364905c45b3116ff25851d43a2ca1d2aa5cdb408440dabef8c57778fc18608bf431d0c7ffd37649a21a7bb9d90def39c821669dbaf165c0262434dfb08" +
+				"5d057a12de4a7a59fd2dfc931c29c20371abf748b69b618a9bd485b3fb3166cad4d3d27edf0197aabeceb28b96670bdf020f26d1bb9b564aaf82d866bdffd6d4" +
+				"1aea89e20b15a5d1264ab01d1556bfc2a266081609d60928216bd9646038f07de9fedcc9f2b86ab1b07d7bd88ba1df08b3d89b2ac789001b48a723f217debcb7" +
+				"090303a3ef50c1d5d99a75c640ec2b401ab149e06511753d8c49cafdde2929ae61e09cc0f0319d262869d21ead9e0cf5ff2de3dbedfb994f32432d2e4aa44c82" +
+				"7c42781d1477fe03ea0772998e776d63363c6c3edd2d52c89b4d2c9d89cdd90fa33b2b41c8e3f78ef06fe90bcf5cc5756d33a032f16b744141aaa8852bb4cb3a" +
+				"40792b93489c6d6e56c235ec4aa36c263e9b766a4daaff34b2ea709f9f811aef498a65bfbc1deffd36fcc4d1a123345fac7bf57a1fb50394843cd28976a6c7ff" +
+				"fe70f7b8d8f384aa06e2c9964c92a8788cef397fffdd35181b42a35d5d98cd7244bbd09e802888d7efc0311ae58e0961e3656205df4bdc553f317df4b6ede4ca" +
+				"846294a32aec830ab1aa5aac4e78b821c35c70fd752fec353e373bf9be656e775a0111bcbeffdfebd3bd5251d27b9f6971aa561a2bd27a99d61b2ce3965c3726" +
+				"1e114353e6a31b09340f4078b8a8c6ce6ff4213067a8f21020f78aff4f8b472b701ef730aacb8ce7806ea31b14abe8f8efdd6357ca299d339abc4e43ba324ad1" +
+				"efe6eb1a5a6e137daa6ec9f6be30931ca368a944cfcf2a0a29f9a9664188f0466e6f078c347f9fe26a9a89d2029462b19245f24ace47aecace6ef85a4e96b31b" +
+				"5f470eb0165c6375eb8f245d50a25d521d1e569e3b2dccce626752bb26eae624a24511e831a81fab6898a791579f462574ca4851e6588116493dbccc3072e0c5"),
+		},
+	}
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		cache := make([]uint32, tt.size/4)
+		generateCache(cache, tt.epoch, seedHash(tt.epoch*epochLength+1))
+
+		want := make([]uint32, tt.size/4)
+		prepare(want, tt.cache)
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(cache, want) {
+			t.Errorf("cache %d: content mismatch: have %x, want %x", i, cache, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDatasetGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		epoch       uint64
+		cacheSize   uint64
+		datasetSize uint64
+		dataset     []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			epoch:       0,
+			cacheSize:   1024,
+			datasetSize: 32 * 1024,
+			dataset: hexutil.MustDecode("0x" +
+				"4bc09fbd530a041dd2ec296110a29e8f130f179c59d223f51ecce3126e8b0c74326abc2f32ccd9d7f976bd0944e3ccf8479db39343cbbffa467046ca97e2da63" +
+				"da5f9d9688c7c33ab7b8aace570e422fa48b24659b72fc534669209d66389ca15b099c5604601e7581488e3bd6925cec0f12d465f8004d4fa84793f8e1e46a1b" +
+				"31b7298991c6142f4f0b6e6b296728ae5fa63ccb667b61fbb1b078003d18d97b906af157debed5e6c55d5a61cae90c85f9e97d565314a2f9fd9e0c08430547d0" +
+				"7cfcee3271f921b95c32a11596219abaa30abc62c2c72c6725078c436c677320594df6bcb92134c1b114fffec982a1f68f13a9f812f074b9fb9c78f2cd4c1c90" +
+				"7ebf1e447f7a422b06303921e3d54f430584d849eaa4b7d652e92a5d659bdfc462adcdd7991e8c66a19da4ddb5390463d073941491859397f135ebbbdbdf5801" +
+				"cafb873c383893390141ae385515504d74a33608273310c312ba468046d2e20c271a38cc0e3920b39705050e752f34f244fc23ddd17ff18677756a87671d4145" +
+				"3aebf97e4890da1d645f41eb20da92a8537c787ce419580073c46aa3bb154952993142ec5b4fb6e8f108fd15fc618cd5c27b45a37ee6dcd52a4ce656c0f58604" +
+				"717ec55f5e592355f1f20e8316f8fd77243734a8b0f50ad93c1d95b5b0482afb22cd0667d935bd6053d7198b54974e10d100df7ca3ec2e0bb5ccce5807b266e0" +
+				"8429d5fec2ae6ae1cc7c5efc27f19c89d4b4a6c5c0b9397886dac635ba37446ff528b582457a4fe7f803f1a47903574f8982d4a679b627396a4e97aaa12fa179" +
+				"0d31ba52e9010bc3c26ace81f702f86649fe9eeda9ec03b74a8a5cf540d82e22af33ab893564397dfc4edd8b1677350df5b82ab61d24db95f58fd2d78afb49c7" +
+				"2d2b1fefa8ff6606b8623829cc752ea37d663b945f3f1d48ad07b1416af252f81b55acd8f164da4faa9d9453721b3b795041ce7df7c77edc13865dbe04fee331" +
+				"47daebe18c183c4a6594a6df3a4d2dc5e3811d805102c9c49286e3d12b38927fa49a7b0cdcb1d799f57118953e31c560aae213a1799d59a78ae68f0590347061" +
+				"fc2668caf08f860452f6b7d3ebc1efecc2e1227d33296b1f1850360dee7236e85274eaede4d18a58b4261ce1f6a7d283dcf64e6d021813f82a566354445327e5" +
+				"6217279b2393fe5aa0f9eb149d4866e1105106bcc221810ceaf053f2ec733d8a22f409c1baf955e50184005c5d55de907de97f5f713b62ae10937e1a7af6267b" +
+				"d2a239e8589017197c343b81540bc26bc52bffd5336fb1da1202a511c7175014d2f500b9d9ce78e4b9f2b158d0fb27af352b6f78c129cad642fe909612c9d658" +
+				"17a8d7f9195ee97201675a918e3cf520fdc19f92b7e6a3db806d4f3799361334082cc58a22ddb4e4f5760bd1667c177b26be325166c6bbed669a158fc87acd43" +
+				"a2462e12578d72db6606f9e24ae659ff411ac9b31d696b8354fd08a591622967a14f8468eaaae3907b7818154ba2d6e4581589354d178bb6ae1c03651c44bbf0" +
+				"e7fa52cb0da09508b5a444aed05a54f416841247a4fe36bd5529029e3adf78b105e22468ed775f4d0954504dd55f2c9b9e6b3a086370b2c0b6fec7efd6914e07" +
+				"26627edb7a04869a874e31f448271077a7de3031cf81bdbc39848efee6075e0d65fa3a32640e9f0395cf7ec12139992aff0a54e0a7dfe5048b3cc03246b56f7d" +
+				"3093538a7b87538d8792a665bc589373621b2f3cf47d2c1f8f580fe34d79c6b2a66323ce89808ce0e5cf77700f5a4446c4be01a310e8f7c7ebefe756b0044886" +
+				"a0477c88ee8ea8c71503748a4cf9eb40ad5c1c8accf7c63c0f43a94ed2b8a5999df3ab9b11b80de73310e036ca88668e640015fcf9cd18eed05517d54896f43e" +
+				"25e7931b44872c4e4183500e0e8c5103292bca1c0d6b0b00c9acce25d31204bb3e4f255c03a0a0916664e9c831b28b364078109a74411a11afb1e610c7d1c9d4" +
+				"ba5e10d0ee0da409654d9e7308395e17caeb9caebccb0192679866e6f2ecb5f10044333bb70d61712adb6d74cdec6918ed9a71d9925da576a1e6f4e906a5cd5f" +
+				"0e94a25e48a4141e4e2770144b63e2449b0f84c82879f34d78440cc430196ba85a213fdac1bcf279a46d7592fa29a876bb7a2efb7081365522a3f06fdceaedd3" +
+				"cc0335cef9ea570733fe8799bb1b918aa7732b4d175929d80c7844a78e19f2dc6a6febf648f49b40320b0f7d784e7f84e45408d70b046bd01cbd8fdaf606fcd3" +
+				"02f4e5a48ab8d13e93a246adfcc94f3109e02a7a969986e75b6ced6bf2d11a55ab77488e131b65a06398fa8e384dc90d875584c9b17cdcf2da5dd72a461cd07c" +
+				"4a955c5fe48509b3284476c42247e086de7d63839b7358cf4ebd9edf9ac8b6fd0c096166405de19c51e8785009d30feb67cdb8ff9ba55459dfdffba8c022e26c" +
+				"0ebd399e4b76ccb4d5491a862c2c4d8cdf1461a96c9b98150e170efacec980edc00a2c7f6d7c6bea3075627e1eb386a7f1ede1059da81a4ac5cf35aa173c88c5" +
+				"1818dc0fbc688b68b82ddc225b6c87588e0c680e303e737c82a13e34be58df8b0cb336aeacc698c79e7682ebb69e6cd6bdc5d11790c96afcfa9290f39515142f" +
+				"5f90b938216a1d14bc049ce3f0ac135722208b989d2557d3520c2186479f179e50fe5b125b8d6638a65047729c6249b9b2c6381c9103c97d1b389cc9cdb31c21" +
+				"8a2eecbf4b9ad1dcfa57446cde88f96563a544c49d6f5303a84a1b7cf074fca78e67e72c9ffa0c542fb646418c6434b16b771088140725cf2dc723c1a975c4ca" +
+				"8a80e633721274907353f51e95952c2b403b45750b42ad10961f60473eb54616f61f7b038c5b7eca475d6a2b844994a9eeddce4f7bb49782e50ef78bc13b85d1" +
+				"9e956f47c60823f3d1981413cb78d309f63a844694861b11b5238961c71f61d82daef6795734f0961e92b9167c57f48e91693e9656fcc6e88f9ce2d373da26bf" +
+				"45b3dff50211fec72387005a7e04828e4ae7ddd10fc2332acf5f1b0f67adcd863752573c2d24488857bfc58c41af45be7641f5cfff611f184612fc0d695866f4" +
+				"2b396b1d9881f442c4a995f4b500f02d4ab4b53ad6e01776ab0e244583f01301203a1515f3dbb73906014e36c7143bf882b005f0228ca0562623893c8a24b7c6" +
+				"4c2c561912010c121b5c3a1e35e75c0b094731e9c0d6acf5a2b1e5b179355525a175640579705f898feb98bffa25633bc126613fa27d2ceb214812902ada23f4" +
+				"367a78655d0d2276095c9e83dfa79153730103963499c367c5621fecfd0888253df82b3d5716703ef92594cf269310b9e6c892c488edb3bba1d0b216e92f622a" +
+				"7f8f7f00d2926d81a4c7ca6cef40d240576a8d5541ccf561c8e0e699925d20347ba7493ed6e182cfe3b633e70b3ce3a0d90813574f6fe329c495d3cd46fd5d7e" +
+				"bdde58d7eafcb134a9a5d3e5d66136e8c9b5d9ecac195dcc44158941c9fe2d87db52a7ddcedc9f82ec160901cc36a9c877af80ceae0563dfa75cabde5d7a7c94" +
+				"9f24bc190f7c2045368356474ff6eee284e7125d1c5f9a036fbde24cecfd3a30481ce077f20cbcb31924368296abf66ce4834102cf7cb949d1b4c6faa6d006ef" +
+				"21379cead5d5a39324d41555c46e0b42a1e871143e47f8e6b3d794e75d7a43c282732766d856e04e666ea346657b157404b0fc8534a2dee8243d40a5e37609e6" +
+				"18bc1d52b91a7623aaf8214a97e4c8c5d860b31c3792b129354a121a7a7e42b50dfbe3ab6590769401eb280545547a43c3a1455355d5d5fdedccb472abfe75b8" +
+				"f5e7d62b0b31553d8d55de0c3c71e6f5a2abba6fe81e9a42ec1968f235bc4296c1ac5df7430917453384450ab56dafa7c7af764cefa3b0bc861c52ae27692365" +
+				"9d7d9ed7609958884147acca867909a75bb6a2c364debefaf98c7ff70c7f4acb5cdb81100fd79a48c5139f8bbdc6553b509f1eb0f5d5d31886a602cd669b3f9f" +
+				"59195a1fa2bcff1170003ba1b2e5e9ad7f2bfcd0573d0f2be9d8fc1773c3a63a2b9292cdbf9b4515c0b1d51772e5ee95303ff493d85314c989e269df4ec3a916" +
+				"40988a11c6a4ad96f7d0541a150edf444c2b1672aa6d37564453b835c2d39864c05c4366492fc9164bf73795410e7aae8206430403357fec6389142b4976b218" +
+				"d70622b4098e322f73020a0d045f07668d1e512c6eeed6e2befbfc3a6ac64054396df96fd41f7aeefa0ab1f66bb52ee1a1df066f365fc43ff0800b0398b621f9" +
+				"a415895268505a81517c44a56dc94e76580fd107dba034bab9f4f4b8a9f881ff34c60c406c47b6d4a998894401006aa88f328393f9cd55a2b4d24db5abbcb05e" +
+				"20d392f3feab3ca12dac475eb3690f2bf9c699d7d90900d9a840068c8cdda2ca7a27bebd685a26eb01a768259a65ab4d7efc1811c87a5a1f4e5038f6b3dc74a6" +
+				"b46d9ac58d31bfc22dac23645aeef819329c9419326f22e1c24c53457baf62ae9b92ab5f999d4ef0ccfb5a21b7598340eb2d399ec81588b6a674c5a1e45aa238" +
+				"c55cae8e1af0f5d64ea378b8afeab263a3a2e5c71cdda4cdb824ae55df2b0260aadf386275ef57781d46f6da3d0b300ea68c14a620c25b5df738c54aef04d63b" +
+				"7dee06cd225e9ed00e78abcddca5a133d8b5e0d9b287e6436014c5da729442239bddb7ecd3fe34e6f6e530134a03ef45de4ae4fe3bf507f16cdfb9bab1fc90e8" +
+				"dc565e4a7ead95352c5a894661e5d82c6d0fc47843d5cab12c4013db76c90734cbff34c73d0d873ac9b27b417665f4948469865f33179624860604a9aba2ceb1" +
+				"68e74b6af3d1ad0bfcac4180ea844339a034b6b2c3e2f61f0c7afbaa76c1ebe93727df1d3db27d59a5cf51b2baaf637b6eb8a20302ef9af0b25dbe3a5e74331c" +
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+				"743e37474d7605cd01c44af600f16d9ffaf24acf87fbe5ccf39bac41047a810d210051c87f06147a0bb8f1427a406700483679638f1af23f1dafb7aa0c468669" +
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+				"87d224444245eb5b0eade5f741b025db1992a8ad0dce51b0c1af4a18a9e244f9f755891adf0f19179c7baa6c32bffc91e0b03c4ed3aaee1978b6a1f03b87ac6a" +
+				"fc3b9e7030bb212b17de198edfccde29d04224798c1204e47ea235f048724fac62d637d1ba0ee3922048fcf79c746b6c0c036d882e3491fd72bad6e009c6403e" +
+				"55876f4d31330caa02aedd0b0c121c3c41e736853a08071f0dd4ddc7412db0bbe274a9ac2932552bb37c40e72c2ef1d7cca8236942e480d709d3ea9d5ae0a1b7",
+			),
+		},
+	}
+	for i, tt := range tests {
+		cache := make([]uint32, tt.cacheSize/4)
+		generateCache(cache, tt.epoch, seedHash(tt.epoch*epochLength+1))
+
+		dataset := make([]uint32, tt.datasetSize/4)
+		generateDataset(dataset, tt.epoch, cache)
+
+		want := make([]uint32, tt.datasetSize/4)
+		prepare(want, tt.dataset)
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(dataset, want) {
+			t.Errorf("dataset %d: content mismatch: have %x, want %x", i, dataset, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests whether the hashimoto lookup works for both light as well as the full
+// datasets.
+func TestHashimoto(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create the verification cache and mining dataset
+	cache := make([]uint32, 1024/4)
+	generateCache(cache, 0, make([]byte, 32))
+
+	dataset := make([]uint32, 32*1024/4)
+	generateDataset(dataset, 0, cache)
+
+	// Create a block to verify
+	hash := hexutil.MustDecode("0xc9149cc0386e689d789a1c2f3d5d169a61a6218ed30e74414dc736e442ef3d1f")
+	nonce := uint64(0)
+
+	wantDigest := hexutil.MustDecode("0xe4073cffaef931d37117cefd9afd27ea0f1cad6a981dd2605c4a1ac97c519800")
+	wantResult := hexutil.MustDecode("0xd3539235ee2e6f8db665c0a72169f55b7f6c605712330b778ec3944f0eb5a557")
+
+	digest, result := hashimotoLight(32*1024, cache, hash, nonce)
+	if !bytes.Equal(digest, wantDigest) {
+		t.Errorf("light hashimoto digest mismatch: have %x, want %x", digest, wantDigest)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(result, wantResult) {
+		t.Errorf("light hashimoto result mismatch: have %x, want %x", result, wantResult)
+	}
+	digest, result = hashimotoFull(dataset, hash, nonce)
+	if !bytes.Equal(digest, wantDigest) {
+		t.Errorf("full hashimoto digest mismatch: have %x, want %x", digest, wantDigest)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(result, wantResult) {
+		t.Errorf("full hashimoto result mismatch: have %x, want %x", result, wantResult)
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that caches generated on disk may be done concurrently.
+func TestConcurrentDiskCacheGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temp folder to generate the caches into
+	// TODO: t.TempDir fails to remove the directory on Windows
+	// \AppData\Local\Temp\1\TestConcurrentDiskCacheGeneration2382060137\001\cache-R23-1dca8a85e74aa763: Access is denied.
+	cachedir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temporary cache dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(cachedir)
+
+	// Define a heavy enough block, one from mainnet should do
+	block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(&types.Header{
+		Number:      big.NewInt(3311058),
+		ParentHash:  common.HexToHash("0xd783efa4d392943503f28438ad5830b2d5964696ffc285f338585e9fe0a37a05"),
+		UncleHash:   types.EmptyUncleHash,
+		Coinbase:    common.HexToAddress("0xc0ea08a2d404d3172d2add29a45be56da40e2949"),
+		Root:        common.HexToHash("0x77d14e10470b5850332524f8cd6f69ad21f070ce92dca33ab2858300242ef2f1"),
+		TxHash:      types.EmptyTxsHash,
+		ReceiptHash: types.EmptyReceiptsHash,
+		Difficulty:  big.NewInt(167925187834220),
+		GasLimit:    4015682,
+		GasUsed:     0,
+		Time:        1488928920,
+		Extra:       []byte("www.bw.com"),
+		MixDigest:   common.HexToHash("0x3e140b0784516af5e5ec6730f2fb20cca22f32be399b9e4ad77d32541f798cd0"),
+		Nonce:       types.EncodeNonce(0xf400cd0006070c49),
+	})
+	// Simulate multiple processes sharing the same datadir
+	var pend sync.WaitGroup
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		pend.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer pend.Done()
+
+			config := Config{
+				CacheDir:     cachedir,
+				CachesOnDisk: 1,
+			}
+			ethash := New(config, nil, false)
+			defer ethash.Close()
+			if err := ethash.verifySeal(nil, block.Header(), false); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("proc %d: block verification failed: %v", idx, err)
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	pend.Wait()
+}
+
+// Benchmarks the cache generation performance.
+func BenchmarkCacheGeneration(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		cache := make([]uint32, cacheSize(1)/4)
+		generateCache(cache, 0, make([]byte, 32))
+	}
+}
+
+// Benchmarks the dataset (small) generation performance.
+func BenchmarkSmallDatasetGeneration(b *testing.B) {
+	cache := make([]uint32, 65536/4)
+	generateCache(cache, 0, make([]byte, 32))
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		dataset := make([]uint32, 32*65536/4)
+		generateDataset(dataset, 0, cache)
+	}
+}
+
+// Benchmarks the light verification performance.
+func BenchmarkHashimotoLight(b *testing.B) {
+	cache := make([]uint32, cacheSize(1)/4)
+	generateCache(cache, 0, make([]byte, 32))
+
+	hash := hexutil.MustDecode("0xc9149cc0386e689d789a1c2f3d5d169a61a6218ed30e74414dc736e442ef3d1f")
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		hashimotoLight(datasetSize(1), cache, hash, 0)
+	}
+}
+
+// Benchmarks the full (small) verification performance.
+func BenchmarkHashimotoFullSmall(b *testing.B) {
+	cache := make([]uint32, 65536/4)
+	generateCache(cache, 0, make([]byte, 32))
+
+	dataset := make([]uint32, 32*65536/4)
+	generateDataset(dataset, 0, cache)
+
+	hash := hexutil.MustDecode("0xc9149cc0386e689d789a1c2f3d5d169a61a6218ed30e74414dc736e442ef3d1f")
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		hashimotoFull(dataset, hash, 0)
+	}
+}
+
+func benchmarkHashimotoFullMmap(b *testing.B, name string, lock bool) {
+	b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
+		tmpdir := b.TempDir()
+
+		d := &dataset{epoch: 0}
+		d.generate(tmpdir, 1, lock, false)
+		var hash [common.HashLength]byte
+		b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			binary.PutVarint(hash[:], int64(i))
+			hashimotoFull(d.dataset, hash[:], 0)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// Benchmarks the full verification performance for mmap
+func BenchmarkHashimotoFullMmap(b *testing.B) {
+	benchmarkHashimotoFullMmap(b, "WithLock", true)
+	benchmarkHashimotoFullMmap(b, "WithoutLock", false)
+}

consensus/ethash/api.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+var errEthashStopped = errors.New("ethash stopped")
+
+// API exposes ethash related methods for the RPC interface.
+type API struct {
+	ethash *Ethash
+}
+
+// GetWork returns a work package for external miner.
+//
+// The work package consists of 3 strings:
+//
+//	result[0] - 32 bytes hex encoded current block header pow-hash
+//	result[1] - 32 bytes hex encoded seed hash used for DAG
+//	result[2] - 32 bytes hex encoded boundary condition ("target"), 2^256/difficulty
+//	result[3] - hex encoded block number
+func (api *API) GetWork() ([4]string, error) {
+	if api.ethash.remote == nil {
+		return [4]string{}, errors.New("not supported")
+	}
+
+	var (
+		workCh = make(chan [4]string, 1)
+		errc   = make(chan error, 1)
+	)
+	select {
+	case api.ethash.remote.fetchWorkCh <- &sealWork{errc: errc, res: workCh}:
+	case <-api.ethash.remote.exitCh:
+		return [4]string{}, errEthashStopped
+	}
+	select {
+	case work := <-workCh:
+		return work, nil
+	case err := <-errc:
+		return [4]string{}, err
+	}
+}
+
+// SubmitWork can be used by external miner to submit their POW solution.
+// It returns an indication if the work was accepted.
+// Note either an invalid solution, a stale work a non-existent work will return false.
+func (api *API) SubmitWork(nonce types.BlockNonce, hash, digest common.Hash) bool {
+	if api.ethash.remote == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var errc = make(chan error, 1)
+	select {
+	case api.ethash.remote.submitWorkCh <- &mineResult{
+		nonce:     nonce,
+		mixDigest: digest,
+		hash:      hash,
+		errc:      errc,
+	}:
+	case <-api.ethash.remote.exitCh:
+		return false
+	}
+	err := <-errc
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+// SubmitHashrate can be used for remote miners to submit their hash rate.
+// This enables the node to report the combined hash rate of all miners
+// which submit work through this node.
+//
+// It accepts the miner hash rate and an identifier which must be unique
+// between nodes.
+func (api *API) SubmitHashrate(rate hexutil.Uint64, id common.Hash) bool {
+	if api.ethash.remote == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var done = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	select {
+	case api.ethash.remote.submitRateCh <- &hashrate{done: done, rate: uint64(rate), id: id}:
+	case <-api.ethash.remote.exitCh:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Block until hash rate submitted successfully.
+	<-done
+	return true
+}
+
+// GetHashrate returns the current hashrate for local CPU miner and remote miner.
+func (api *API) GetHashrate() uint64 {
+	return uint64(api.ethash.Hashrate())
+}

consensus/ethash/consensus.go

@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 package ethash
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
+	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
 	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
@@ -87,6 +89,9 @@ var (
 	errDuplicateUncle    = errors.New("duplicate uncle")
 	errUncleIsAncestor   = errors.New("uncle is ancestor")
 	errDanglingUncle     = errors.New("uncle's parent is not ancestor")
+	errInvalidDifficulty = errors.New("non-positive difficulty")
+	errInvalidMixDigest  = errors.New("invalid mix digest")
+	errInvalidPoW        = errors.New("invalid proof-of-work")
 )
 
 // Author implements consensus.Engine, returning the header's coinbase as the
@@ -97,7 +102,11 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error) {
 
 // VerifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules of the
 // stock Ethereum ethash engine.
-func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {
+func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error {
+	// If we're running a full engine faking, accept any input as valid
+	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
+		return nil
+	}
 	// Short circuit if the header is known, or its parent not
 	number := header.Number.Uint64()
 	if chain.GetHeader(header.Hash(), number) != nil {
@@ -108,54 +117,93 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *ty
 		return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
 	}
 	// Sanity checks passed, do a proper verification
-	return ethash.verifyHeader(chain, header, parent, false, time.Now().Unix())
+	return ethash.verifyHeader(chain, header, parent, false, seal, time.Now().Unix())
 }
 
 // VerifyHeaders is similar to VerifyHeader, but verifies a batch of headers
 // concurrently. The method returns a quit channel to abort the operations and
 // a results channel to retrieve the async verifications.
-func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
+func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
 	// If we're running a full engine faking, accept any input as valid
-	if ethash.fakeFull || len(headers) == 0 {
+	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake || len(headers) == 0 {
 		abort, results := make(chan struct{}), make(chan error, len(headers))
 		for i := 0; i < len(headers); i++ {
 			results <- nil
 		}
 		return abort, results
 	}
-	abort := make(chan struct{})
-	results := make(chan error, len(headers))
-	unixNow := time.Now().Unix()
 
+	// Spawn as many workers as allowed threads
+	workers := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
+	if len(headers) < workers {
+		workers = len(headers)
+	}
+
+	// Create a task channel and spawn the verifiers
+	var (
+		inputs  = make(chan int)
+		done    = make(chan int, workers)
+		errors  = make([]error, len(headers))
+		abort   = make(chan struct{})
+		unixNow = time.Now().Unix()
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
 		go func() {
-		for i, header := range headers {
+			for index := range inputs {
-			var parent *types.Header
+				errors[index] = ethash.verifyHeaderWorker(chain, headers, seals, index, unixNow)
-			if i == 0 {
+				done <- index
-				parent = chain.GetHeader(headers[0].ParentHash, headers[0].Number.Uint64()-1)
-			} else if headers[i-1].Hash() == headers[i].ParentHash {
-				parent = headers[i-1]
 			}
-			var err error
+		}()
-			if parent == nil {
-				err = consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
-			} else {
-				err = ethash.verifyHeader(chain, header, parent, false, unixNow)
 	}
+
+	errorsOut := make(chan error, len(headers))
+	go func() {
+		defer close(inputs)
+		var (
+			in, out = 0, 0
+			checked = make([]bool, len(headers))
+			inputs  = inputs
+		)
+		for {
 			select {
+			case inputs <- in:
+				if in++; in == len(headers) {
+					// Reached end of headers. Stop sending to workers.
+					inputs = nil
+				}
+			case index := <-done:
+				for checked[index] = true; checked[out]; out++ {
+					errorsOut <- errors[out]
+					if out == len(headers)-1 {
+						return
+					}
+				}
 			case <-abort:
 				return
-			case results <- err:
 			}
 		}
 	}()
-	return abort, results
+	return abort, errorsOut
+}
+
+func (ethash *Ethash) verifyHeaderWorker(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, index int, unixNow int64) error {
+	var parent *types.Header
+	if index == 0 {
+		parent = chain.GetHeader(headers[0].ParentHash, headers[0].Number.Uint64()-1)
+	} else if headers[index-1].Hash() == headers[index].ParentHash {
+		parent = headers[index-1]
+	}
+	if parent == nil {
+		return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
+	}
+	return ethash.verifyHeader(chain, headers[index], parent, false, seals[index], unixNow)
 }
 
 // VerifyUncles verifies that the given block's uncles conform to the consensus
 // rules of the stock Ethereum ethash engine.
 func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyUncles(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Block) error {
 	// If we're running a full engine faking, accept any input as valid
-	if ethash.fakeFull {
+	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
 		return nil
 	}
 	// Verify that there are at most 2 uncles included in this block
@@ -207,7 +255,7 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyUncles(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Blo
 		if ancestors[uncle.ParentHash] == nil || uncle.ParentHash == block.ParentHash() {
 			return errDanglingUncle
 		}
-		if err := ethash.verifyHeader(chain, uncle, ancestors[uncle.ParentHash], true, time.Now().Unix()); err != nil {
+		if err := ethash.verifyHeader(chain, uncle, ancestors[uncle.ParentHash], true, true, time.Now().Unix()); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -217,7 +265,7 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyUncles(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Blo
 // verifyHeader checks whether a header conforms to the consensus rules of the
 // stock Ethereum ethash engine.
 // See YP section 4.3.4. "Block Header Validity"
-func (ethash *Ethash) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header, parent *types.Header, uncle bool, unixNow int64) error {
+func (ethash *Ethash) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header, parent *types.Header, uncle bool, seal bool, unixNow int64) error {
 	// Ensure that the header's extra-data section is of a reasonable size
 	if uint64(len(header.Extra)) > params.MaximumExtraDataSize {
 		return fmt.Errorf("extra-data too long: %d > %d", len(header.Extra), params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
@@ -262,18 +310,17 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header, pa
 	if diff := new(big.Int).Sub(header.Number, parent.Number); diff.Cmp(big.NewInt(1)) != 0 {
 		return consensus.ErrInvalidNumber
 	}
-	if chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {
+	if chain.Config().IsShanghai(header.Time) {
-		return errors.New("ethash does not support shanghai fork")
+		return fmt.Errorf("ethash does not support shanghai fork")
 	}
-	if chain.Config().IsCancun(header.Number, header.Time) {
+	if chain.Config().IsCancun(header.Time) {
-		return errors.New("ethash does not support cancun fork")
+		return fmt.Errorf("ethash does not support cancun fork")
 	}
-	// Add some fake checks for tests
+	// Verify the engine specific seal securing the block
-	if ethash.fakeDelay != nil {
+	if seal {
-		time.Sleep(*ethash.fakeDelay)
+		if err := ethash.verifySeal(chain, header, false); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-	if ethash.fakeFail != nil && *ethash.fakeFail == header.Number.Uint64() {
-		return errors.New("invalid tester pow")
 	}
 	// If all checks passed, validate any special fields for hard forks
 	if err := misc.VerifyDAOHeaderExtraData(chain.Config(), header); err != nil {
@@ -474,6 +521,72 @@ var FrontierDifficultyCalculator = calcDifficultyFrontier
 var HomesteadDifficultyCalculator = calcDifficultyHomestead
 var DynamicDifficultyCalculator = makeDifficultyCalculator
 
+// verifySeal checks whether a block satisfies the PoW difficulty requirements,
+// either using the usual ethash cache for it, or alternatively using a full DAG
+// to make remote mining fast.
+func (ethash *Ethash) verifySeal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header, fulldag bool) error {
+	// If we're running a fake PoW, accept any seal as valid
+	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFake || ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
+		time.Sleep(ethash.fakeDelay)
+		if ethash.fakeFail == header.Number.Uint64() {
+			return errInvalidPoW
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	// If we're running a shared PoW, delegate verification to it
+	if ethash.shared != nil {
+		return ethash.shared.verifySeal(chain, header, fulldag)
+	}
+	// Ensure that we have a valid difficulty for the block
+	if header.Difficulty.Sign() <= 0 {
+		return errInvalidDifficulty
+	}
+	// Recompute the digest and PoW values
+	number := header.Number.Uint64()
+
+	var (
+		digest []byte
+		result []byte
+	)
+	// If fast-but-heavy PoW verification was requested, use an ethash dataset
+	if fulldag {
+		dataset := ethash.dataset(number, true)
+		if dataset.generated() {
+			digest, result = hashimotoFull(dataset.dataset, ethash.SealHash(header).Bytes(), header.Nonce.Uint64())
+
+			// Datasets are unmapped in a finalizer. Ensure that the dataset stays alive
+			// until after the call to hashimotoFull so it's not unmapped while being used.
+			runtime.KeepAlive(dataset)
+		} else {
+			// Dataset not yet generated, don't hang, use a cache instead
+			fulldag = false
+		}
+	}
+	// If slow-but-light PoW verification was requested (or DAG not yet ready), use an ethash cache
+	if !fulldag {
+		cache := ethash.cache(number)
+
+		size := datasetSize(number)
+		if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest {
+			size = 32 * 1024
+		}
+		digest, result = hashimotoLight(size, cache.cache, ethash.SealHash(header).Bytes(), header.Nonce.Uint64())
+
+		// Caches are unmapped in a finalizer. Ensure that the cache stays alive
+		// until after the call to hashimotoLight so it's not unmapped while being used.
+		runtime.KeepAlive(cache)
+	}
+	// Verify the calculated values against the ones provided in the header
+	if !bytes.Equal(header.MixDigest[:], digest) {
+		return errInvalidMixDigest
+	}
+	target := new(big.Int).Div(two256, header.Difficulty)
+	if new(big.Int).SetBytes(result).Cmp(target) > 0 {
+		return errInvalidPoW
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Prepare implements consensus.Engine, initializing the difficulty field of a
 // header to conform to the ethash protocol. The changes are done inline.
 func (ethash *Ethash) Prepare(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, header *types.Header) error {

consensus/ethash/ethash.go

@@ -18,26 +18,503 @@
 package ethash
 
 import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"math/big"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/edsrzf/mmap-go"
+	lrupkg "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
+var ErrInvalidDumpMagic = errors.New("invalid dump magic")
+
+var (
+	// two256 is a big integer representing 2^256
+	two256 = new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(256), big.NewInt(0))
+
+	// sharedEthash is a full instance that can be shared between multiple users.
+	sharedEthash *Ethash
+
+	// algorithmRevision is the data structure version used for file naming.
+	algorithmRevision = 23
+
+	// dumpMagic is a dataset dump header to sanity check a data dump.
+	dumpMagic = []uint32{0xbaddcafe, 0xfee1dead}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	sharedConfig := Config{
+		PowMode:       ModeNormal,
+		CachesInMem:   3,
+		DatasetsInMem: 1,
+	}
+	sharedEthash = New(sharedConfig, nil, false)
+}
+
+// isLittleEndian returns whether the local system is running in little or big
+// endian byte order.
+func isLittleEndian() bool {
+	n := uint32(0x01020304)
+	return *(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&n)) == 0x04
+}
+
+// memoryMap tries to memory map a file of uint32s for read only access.
+func memoryMap(path string, lock bool) (*os.File, mmap.MMap, []uint32, error) {
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDONLY, 0644)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	mem, buffer, err := memoryMapFile(file, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		file.Close()
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	for i, magic := range dumpMagic {
+		if buffer[i] != magic {
+			mem.Unmap()
+			file.Close()
+			return nil, nil, nil, ErrInvalidDumpMagic
+		}
+	}
+	if lock {
+		if err := mem.Lock(); err != nil {
+			mem.Unmap()
+			file.Close()
+			return nil, nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return file, mem, buffer[len(dumpMagic):], err
+}
+
+// memoryMapFile tries to memory map an already opened file descriptor.
+func memoryMapFile(file *os.File, write bool) (mmap.MMap, []uint32, error) {
+	// Try to memory map the file
+	flag := mmap.RDONLY
+	if write {
+		flag = mmap.RDWR
+	}
+	mem, err := mmap.Map(file, flag, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// The file is now memory-mapped. Create a []uint32 view of the file.
+	var view []uint32
+	header := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&view))
+	header.Data = (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem)).Data
+	header.Cap = len(mem) / 4
+	header.Len = header.Cap
+	return mem, view, nil
+}
+
+// memoryMapAndGenerate tries to memory map a temporary file of uint32s for write
+// access, fill it with the data from a generator and then move it into the final
+// path requested.
+func memoryMapAndGenerate(path string, size uint64, lock bool, generator func(buffer []uint32)) (*os.File, mmap.MMap, []uint32, error) {
+	// Ensure the data folder exists
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0755); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// Create a huge temporary empty file to fill with data
+	temp := path + "." + strconv.Itoa(rand.Int())
+
+	dump, err := os.Create(temp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err = ensureSize(dump, int64(len(dumpMagic))*4+int64(size)); err != nil {
+		dump.Close()
+		os.Remove(temp)
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// Memory map the file for writing and fill it with the generator
+	mem, buffer, err := memoryMapFile(dump, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		dump.Close()
+		os.Remove(temp)
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	copy(buffer, dumpMagic)
+
+	data := buffer[len(dumpMagic):]
+	generator(data)
+
+	if err := mem.Unmap(); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := dump.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(temp, path); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return memoryMap(path, lock)
+}
+
+type cacheOrDataset interface {
+	*cache | *dataset
+}
+
+// lru tracks caches or datasets by their last use time, keeping at most N of them.
+type lru[T cacheOrDataset] struct {
+	what string
+	new  func(epoch uint64) T
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	// Items are kept in a LRU cache, but there is a special case:
+	// We always keep an item for (highest seen epoch) + 1 as the 'future item'.
+	cache      lrupkg.BasicLRU[uint64, T]
+	future     uint64
+	futureItem T
+}
+
+// newlru create a new least-recently-used cache for either the verification caches
+// or the mining datasets.
+func newlru[T cacheOrDataset](maxItems int, new func(epoch uint64) T) *lru[T] {
+	var what string
+	switch any(T(nil)).(type) {
+	case *cache:
+		what = "cache"
+	case *dataset:
+		what = "dataset"
+	default:
+		panic("unknown type")
+	}
+	return &lru[T]{
+		what:  what,
+		new:   new,
+		cache: lrupkg.NewBasicLRU[uint64, T](maxItems),
+	}
+}
+
+// get retrieves or creates an item for the given epoch. The first return value is always
+// non-nil. The second return value is non-nil if lru thinks that an item will be useful in
+// the near future.
+func (lru *lru[T]) get(epoch uint64) (item, future T) {
+	lru.mu.Lock()
+	defer lru.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Get or create the item for the requested epoch.
+	item, ok := lru.cache.Get(epoch)
+	if !ok {
+		if lru.future > 0 && lru.future == epoch {
+			item = lru.futureItem
+		} else {
+			log.Trace("Requiring new ethash "+lru.what, "epoch", epoch)
+			item = lru.new(epoch)
+		}
+		lru.cache.Add(epoch, item)
+	}
+	// Update the 'future item' if epoch is larger than previously seen.
+	if epoch < maxEpoch-1 && lru.future < epoch+1 {
+		log.Trace("Requiring new future ethash "+lru.what, "epoch", epoch+1)
+		future = lru.new(epoch + 1)
+		lru.future = epoch + 1
+		lru.futureItem = future
+	}
+	return item, future
+}
+
+// cache wraps an ethash cache with some metadata to allow easier concurrent use.
+type cache struct {
+	epoch uint64    // Epoch for which this cache is relevant
+	dump  *os.File  // File descriptor of the memory mapped cache
+	mmap  mmap.MMap // Memory map itself to unmap before releasing
+	cache []uint32  // The actual cache data content (may be memory mapped)
+	once  sync.Once // Ensures the cache is generated only once
+}
+
+// newCache creates a new ethash verification cache.
+func newCache(epoch uint64) *cache {
+	return &cache{epoch: epoch}
+}
+
+// generate ensures that the cache content is generated before use.
+func (c *cache) generate(dir string, limit int, lock bool, test bool) {
+	c.once.Do(func() {
+		size := cacheSize(c.epoch*epochLength + 1)
+		seed := seedHash(c.epoch*epochLength + 1)
+		if test {
+			size = 1024
+		}
+		// If we don't store anything on disk, generate and return.
+		if dir == "" {
+			c.cache = make([]uint32, size/4)
+			generateCache(c.cache, c.epoch, seed)
+			return
+		}
+		// Disk storage is needed, this will get fancy
+		var endian string
+		if !isLittleEndian() {
+			endian = ".be"
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("cache-R%d-%x%s", algorithmRevision, seed[:8], endian))
+		logger := log.New("epoch", c.epoch)
+
+		// We're about to mmap the file, ensure that the mapping is cleaned up when the
+		// cache becomes unused.
+		runtime.SetFinalizer(c, (*cache).finalizer)
+
+		// Try to load the file from disk and memory map it
+		var err error
+		c.dump, c.mmap, c.cache, err = memoryMap(path, lock)
+		if err == nil {
+			logger.Debug("Loaded old ethash cache from disk")
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Debug("Failed to load old ethash cache", "err", err)
+
+		// No previous cache available, create a new cache file to fill
+		c.dump, c.mmap, c.cache, err = memoryMapAndGenerate(path, size, lock, func(buffer []uint32) { generateCache(buffer, c.epoch, seed) })
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to generate mapped ethash cache", "err", err)
+
+			c.cache = make([]uint32, size/4)
+			generateCache(c.cache, c.epoch, seed)
+		}
+		// Iterate over all previous instances and delete old ones
+		for ep := int(c.epoch) - limit; ep >= 0; ep-- {
+			seed := seedHash(uint64(ep)*epochLength + 1)
+			path := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("cache-R%d-%x%s*", algorithmRevision, seed[:8], endian))
+			files, _ := filepath.Glob(path) // find also the temp files that are generated.
+			for _, file := range files {
+				os.Remove(file)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// finalizer unmaps the memory and closes the file.
+func (c *cache) finalizer() {
+	if c.mmap != nil {
+		c.mmap.Unmap()
+		c.dump.Close()
+		c.mmap, c.dump = nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// dataset wraps an ethash dataset with some metadata to allow easier concurrent use.
+type dataset struct {
+	epoch   uint64      // Epoch for which this cache is relevant
+	dump    *os.File    // File descriptor of the memory mapped cache
+	mmap    mmap.MMap   // Memory map itself to unmap before releasing
+	dataset []uint32    // The actual cache data content
+	once    sync.Once   // Ensures the cache is generated only once
+	done    atomic.Bool // Atomic flag to determine generation status
+}
+
+// newDataset creates a new ethash mining dataset and returns it as a plain Go
+// interface to be usable in an LRU cache.
+func newDataset(epoch uint64) *dataset {
+	return &dataset{epoch: epoch}
+}
+
+// generate ensures that the dataset content is generated before use.
+func (d *dataset) generate(dir string, limit int, lock bool, test bool) {
+	d.once.Do(func() {
+		// Mark the dataset generated after we're done. This is needed for remote
+		defer d.done.Store(true)
+
+		csize := cacheSize(d.epoch*epochLength + 1)
+		dsize := datasetSize(d.epoch*epochLength + 1)
+		seed := seedHash(d.epoch*epochLength + 1)
+		if test {
+			csize = 1024
+			dsize = 32 * 1024
+		}
+		// If we don't store anything on disk, generate and return
+		if dir == "" {
+			cache := make([]uint32, csize/4)
+			generateCache(cache, d.epoch, seed)
+
+			d.dataset = make([]uint32, dsize/4)
+			generateDataset(d.dataset, d.epoch, cache)
+
+			return
+		}
+		// Disk storage is needed, this will get fancy
+		var endian string
+		if !isLittleEndian() {
+			endian = ".be"
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("full-R%d-%x%s", algorithmRevision, seed[:8], endian))
+		logger := log.New("epoch", d.epoch)
+
+		// We're about to mmap the file, ensure that the mapping is cleaned up when the
+		// cache becomes unused.
+		runtime.SetFinalizer(d, (*dataset).finalizer)
+
+		// Try to load the file from disk and memory map it
+		var err error
+		d.dump, d.mmap, d.dataset, err = memoryMap(path, lock)
+		if err == nil {
+			logger.Debug("Loaded old ethash dataset from disk")
+			return
+		}
+		logger.Debug("Failed to load old ethash dataset", "err", err)
+
+		// No previous dataset available, create a new dataset file to fill
+		cache := make([]uint32, csize/4)
+		generateCache(cache, d.epoch, seed)
+
+		d.dump, d.mmap, d.dataset, err = memoryMapAndGenerate(path, dsize, lock, func(buffer []uint32) { generateDataset(buffer, d.epoch, cache) })
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Failed to generate mapped ethash dataset", "err", err)
+
+			d.dataset = make([]uint32, dsize/4)
+			generateDataset(d.dataset, d.epoch, cache)
+		}
+		// Iterate over all previous instances and delete old ones
+		for ep := int(d.epoch) - limit; ep >= 0; ep-- {
+			seed := seedHash(uint64(ep)*epochLength + 1)
+			path := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("full-R%d-%x%s", algorithmRevision, seed[:8], endian))
+			os.Remove(path)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// generated returns whether this particular dataset finished generating already
+// or not (it may not have been started at all). This is useful for remote miners
+// to default to verification caches instead of blocking on DAG generations.
+func (d *dataset) generated() bool {
+	return d.done.Load()
+}
+
+// finalizer closes any file handlers and memory maps open.
+func (d *dataset) finalizer() {
+	if d.mmap != nil {
+		d.mmap.Unmap()
+		d.dump.Close()
+		d.mmap, d.dump = nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// MakeCache generates a new ethash cache and optionally stores it to disk.
+func MakeCache(block uint64, dir string) {
+	c := cache{epoch: block / epochLength}
+	c.generate(dir, math.MaxInt32, false, false)
+}
+
+// MakeDataset generates a new ethash dataset and optionally stores it to disk.
+func MakeDataset(block uint64, dir string) {
+	d := dataset{epoch: block / epochLength}
+	d.generate(dir, math.MaxInt32, false, false)
+}
+
+// Mode defines the type and amount of PoW verification an ethash engine makes.
+type Mode uint
+
+const (
+	ModeNormal Mode = iota
+	ModeShared
+	ModeTest
+	ModeFake
+	ModeFullFake
+)
+
+// Config are the configuration parameters of the ethash.
+type Config struct {
+	CacheDir         string
+	CachesInMem      int
+	CachesOnDisk     int
+	CachesLockMmap   bool
+	DatasetDir       string
+	DatasetsInMem    int
+	DatasetsOnDisk   int
+	DatasetsLockMmap bool
+	PowMode          Mode
+
+	// When set, notifications sent by the remote sealer will
+	// be block header JSON objects instead of work package arrays.
+	NotifyFull bool
+
+	Log log.Logger `toml:"-"`
+}
+
 // Ethash is a consensus engine based on proof-of-work implementing the ethash
 // algorithm.
 type Ethash struct {
-	fakeFail  *uint64        // Block number which fails PoW check even in fake mode
+	config Config
-	fakeDelay *time.Duration // Time delay to sleep for before returning from verify
+
-	fakeFull  bool           // Accepts everything as valid
+	caches   *lru[*cache]   // In memory caches to avoid regenerating too often
+	datasets *lru[*dataset] // In memory datasets to avoid regenerating too often
+
+	// Mining related fields
+	rand     *rand.Rand    // Properly seeded random source for nonces
+	threads  int           // Number of threads to mine on if mining
+	update   chan struct{} // Notification channel to update mining parameters
+	hashrate metrics.Meter // Meter tracking the average hashrate
+	remote   *remoteSealer
+
+	// The fields below are hooks for testing
+	shared    *Ethash       // Shared PoW verifier to avoid cache regeneration
+	fakeFail  uint64        // Block number which fails PoW check even in fake mode
+	fakeDelay time.Duration // Time delay to sleep for before returning from verify
+
+	lock      sync.Mutex // Ensures thread safety for the in-memory caches and mining fields
+	closeOnce sync.Once  // Ensures exit channel will not be closed twice.
 }
 
-// NewFaker creates an ethash consensus engine with a fake PoW scheme that accepts
+// New creates a full sized ethash PoW scheme and starts a background thread for
+// remote mining, also optionally notifying a batch of remote services of new work
+// packages.
+func New(config Config, notify []string, noverify bool) *Ethash {
+	if config.Log == nil {
+		config.Log = log.Root()
+	}
+	if config.CachesInMem <= 0 {
+		config.Log.Warn("One ethash cache must always be in memory", "requested", config.CachesInMem)
+		config.CachesInMem = 1
+	}
+	if config.CacheDir != "" && config.CachesOnDisk > 0 {
+		config.Log.Info("Disk storage enabled for ethash caches", "dir", config.CacheDir, "count", config.CachesOnDisk)
+	}
+	if config.DatasetDir != "" && config.DatasetsOnDisk > 0 {
+		config.Log.Info("Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs", "dir", config.DatasetDir, "count", config.DatasetsOnDisk)
+	}
+	ethash := &Ethash{
+		config:   config,
+		caches:   newlru(config.CachesInMem, newCache),
+		datasets: newlru(config.DatasetsInMem, newDataset),
+		update:   make(chan struct{}),
+		hashrate: metrics.NewMeterForced(),
+	}
+	if config.PowMode == ModeShared {
+		ethash.shared = sharedEthash
+	}
+	ethash.remote = startRemoteSealer(ethash, notify, noverify)
+	return ethash
+}
+
+// NewTester creates a small sized ethash PoW scheme useful only for testing
+// purposes.
+func NewTester(notify []string, noverify bool) *Ethash {
+	return New(Config{PowMode: ModeTest}, notify, noverify)
+}
+
+// NewFaker creates a ethash consensus engine with a fake PoW scheme that accepts
 // all blocks' seal as valid, though they still have to conform to the Ethereum
 // consensus rules.
 func NewFaker() *Ethash {
-	return new(Ethash)
+	return &Ethash{
+		config: Config{
+			PowMode: ModeFake,
+			Log:     log.Root(),
+		},
+	}
 }
 
 // NewFakeFailer creates a ethash consensus engine with a fake PoW scheme that
@@ -45,7 +522,11 @@ func NewFaker() *Ethash {
 // still have to conform to the Ethereum consensus rules.
 func NewFakeFailer(fail uint64) *Ethash {
 	return &Ethash{
-		fakeFail: &fail,
+		config: Config{
+			PowMode: ModeFake,
+			Log:     log.Root(),
+		},
+		fakeFail: fail,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +535,11 @@ func NewFakeFailer(fail uint64) *Ethash {
 // they still have to conform to the Ethereum consensus rules.
 func NewFakeDelayer(delay time.Duration) *Ethash {
 	return &Ethash{
-		fakeDelay: &delay,
+		config: Config{
+			PowMode: ModeFake,
+			Log:     log.Root(),
+		},
+		fakeDelay: delay,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -62,24 +547,154 @@ func NewFakeDelayer(delay time.Duration) *Ethash {
 // accepts all blocks as valid, without checking any consensus rules whatsoever.
 func NewFullFaker() *Ethash {
 	return &Ethash{
-		fakeFull: true,
+		config: Config{
+			PowMode: ModeFullFake,
+			Log:     log.Root(),
+		},
 	}
 }
 
+// NewShared creates a full sized ethash PoW shared between all requesters running
+// in the same process.
+func NewShared() *Ethash {
+	return &Ethash{shared: sharedEthash}
+}
+
 // Close closes the exit channel to notify all backend threads exiting.
 func (ethash *Ethash) Close() error {
+	return ethash.StopRemoteSealer()
+}
+
+// StopRemoteSealer stops the remote sealer
+func (ethash *Ethash) StopRemoteSealer() error {
+	ethash.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		// Short circuit if the exit channel is not allocated.
+		if ethash.remote == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		close(ethash.remote.requestExit)
+		<-ethash.remote.exitCh
+	})
 	return nil
 }
 
-// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning no APIs as ethash is an empty
+// cache tries to retrieve a verification cache for the specified block number
-// shell in the post-merge world.
+// by first checking against a list of in-memory caches, then against caches
-func (ethash *Ethash) APIs(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API {
+// stored on disk, and finally generating one if none can be found.
-	return []rpc.API{}
+func (ethash *Ethash) cache(block uint64) *cache {
+	epoch := block / epochLength
+	current, future := ethash.caches.get(epoch)
+
+	// Wait for generation finish.
+	current.generate(ethash.config.CacheDir, ethash.config.CachesOnDisk, ethash.config.CachesLockMmap, ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest)
+
+	// If we need a new future cache, now's a good time to regenerate it.
+	if future != nil {
+		go future.generate(ethash.config.CacheDir, ethash.config.CachesOnDisk, ethash.config.CachesLockMmap, ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest)
+	}
+	return current
 }
 
-// Seal generates a new sealing request for the given input block and pushes
+// dataset tries to retrieve a mining dataset for the specified block number
-// the result into the given channel. For the ethash engine, this method will
+// by first checking against a list of in-memory datasets, then against DAGs
-// just panic as sealing is not supported anymore.
+// stored on disk, and finally generating one if none can be found.
-func (ethash *Ethash) Seal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, block *types.Block, results chan<- *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) error {
+//
-	panic("ethash (pow) sealing not supported any more")
+// If async is specified, not only the future but the current DAG is also
+// generates on a background thread.
+func (ethash *Ethash) dataset(block uint64, async bool) *dataset {
+	// Retrieve the requested ethash dataset
+	epoch := block / epochLength
+	current, future := ethash.datasets.get(epoch)
+
+	// If async is specified, generate everything in a background thread
+	if async && !current.generated() {
+		go func() {
+			current.generate(ethash.config.DatasetDir, ethash.config.DatasetsOnDisk, ethash.config.DatasetsLockMmap, ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest)
+			if future != nil {
+				future.generate(ethash.config.DatasetDir, ethash.config.DatasetsOnDisk, ethash.config.DatasetsLockMmap, ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest)
+			}
+		}()
+	} else {
+		// Either blocking generation was requested, or already done
+		current.generate(ethash.config.DatasetDir, ethash.config.DatasetsOnDisk, ethash.config.DatasetsLockMmap, ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest)
+		if future != nil {
+			go future.generate(ethash.config.DatasetDir, ethash.config.DatasetsOnDisk, ethash.config.DatasetsLockMmap, ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest)
+		}
+	}
+	return current
+}
+
+// Threads returns the number of mining threads currently enabled. This doesn't
+// necessarily mean that mining is running!
+func (ethash *Ethash) Threads() int {
+	ethash.lock.Lock()
+	defer ethash.lock.Unlock()
+
+	return ethash.threads
+}
+
+// SetThreads updates the number of mining threads currently enabled. Calling
+// this method does not start mining, only sets the thread count. If zero is
+// specified, the miner will use all cores of the machine. Setting a thread
+// count below zero is allowed and will cause the miner to idle, without any
+// work being done.
+func (ethash *Ethash) SetThreads(threads int) {
+	ethash.lock.Lock()
+	defer ethash.lock.Unlock()
+
+	// If we're running a shared PoW, set the thread count on that instead
+	if ethash.shared != nil {
+		ethash.shared.SetThreads(threads)
+		return
+	}
+	// Update the threads and ping any running seal to pull in any changes
+	ethash.threads = threads
+	select {
+	case ethash.update <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+// Hashrate implements PoW, returning the measured rate of the search invocations
+// per second over the last minute.
+// Note the returned hashrate includes local hashrate, but also includes the total
+// hashrate of all remote miner.
+func (ethash *Ethash) Hashrate() float64 {
+	// Short circuit if we are run the ethash in normal/test mode.
+	if ethash.config.PowMode != ModeNormal && ethash.config.PowMode != ModeTest {
+		return ethash.hashrate.Rate1()
+	}
+	var res = make(chan uint64, 1)
+
+	select {
+	case ethash.remote.fetchRateCh <- res:
+	case <-ethash.remote.exitCh:
+		// Return local hashrate only if ethash is stopped.
+		return ethash.hashrate.Rate1()
+	}
+
+	// Gather total submitted hash rate of remote sealers.
+	return ethash.hashrate.Rate1() + float64(<-res)
+}
+
+// APIs implements consensus.Engine, returning the user facing RPC APIs.
+func (ethash *Ethash) APIs(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader) []rpc.API {
+	// In order to ensure backward compatibility, we exposes ethash RPC APIs
+	// to both eth and ethash namespaces.
+	return []rpc.API{
+		{
+			Namespace: "eth",
+			Service:   &API{ethash},
+		},
+		{
+			Namespace: "ethash",
+			Service:   &API{ethash},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// SeedHash is the seed to use for generating a verification cache and the mining
+// dataset.
+func SeedHash(block uint64) []byte {
+	return seedHash(block)
 }

consensus/ethash/ethash_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+	"math/rand"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// Tests that ethash works correctly in test mode.
+func TestTestMode(t *testing.T) {
+	header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+
+	ethash := NewTester(nil, false)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	results := make(chan *types.Block)
+	err := ethash.Seal(nil, types.NewBlockWithHeader(header), results, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seal block: %v", err)
+	}
+	select {
+	case block := <-results:
+		header.Nonce = types.EncodeNonce(block.Nonce())
+		header.MixDigest = block.MixDigest()
+		if err := ethash.verifySeal(nil, header, false); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected verification error: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.NewTimer(4 * time.Second).C:
+		t.Error("sealing result timeout")
+	}
+}
+
+// This test checks that cache lru logic doesn't crash under load.
+// It reproduces https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/14943
+func TestCacheFileEvict(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: t.TempDir fails to remove the directory on Windows
+	// \AppData\Local\Temp\1\TestCacheFileEvict2179435125\001\cache-R23-0000000000000000: Access is denied.
+	tmpdir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "ethash-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdir)
+
+	config := Config{
+		CachesInMem:  3,
+		CachesOnDisk: 10,
+		CacheDir:     tmpdir,
+		PowMode:      ModeTest,
+	}
+	e := New(config, nil, false)
+	defer e.Close()
+
+	workers := 8
+	epochs := 100
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go verifyTest(&wg, e, i, epochs)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func verifyTest(wg *sync.WaitGroup, e *Ethash, workerIndex, epochs int) {
+	defer wg.Done()
+
+	const wiggle = 4 * epochLength
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(workerIndex)))
+	for epoch := 0; epoch < epochs; epoch++ {
+		block := int64(epoch)*epochLength - wiggle/2 + r.Int63n(wiggle)
+		if block < 0 {
+			block = 0
+		}
+		header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(block), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+		e.verifySeal(nil, header, false)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoteSealer(t *testing.T) {
+	ethash := NewTester(nil, false)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	api := &API{ethash}
+	if _, err := api.GetWork(); err != errNoMiningWork {
+		t.Error("expect to return an error indicate there is no mining work")
+	}
+	header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+	block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
+	sealhash := ethash.SealHash(header)
+
+	// Push new work.
+	results := make(chan *types.Block)
+	ethash.Seal(nil, block, results, nil)
+
+	var (
+		work [4]string
+		err  error
+	)
+	if work, err = api.GetWork(); err != nil || work[0] != sealhash.Hex() {
+		t.Error("expect to return a mining work has same hash")
+	}
+
+	if res := api.SubmitWork(types.BlockNonce{}, sealhash, common.Hash{}); res {
+		t.Error("expect to return false when submit a fake solution")
+	}
+	// Push new block with same block number to replace the original one.
+	header = &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(1000)}
+	block = types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
+	sealhash = ethash.SealHash(header)
+	ethash.Seal(nil, block, results, nil)
+
+	if work, err = api.GetWork(); err != nil || work[0] != sealhash.Hex() {
+		t.Error("expect to return the latest pushed work")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHashrate(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		hashrate = []hexutil.Uint64{100, 200, 300}
+		expect   uint64
+		ids      = []common.Hash{common.HexToHash("a"), common.HexToHash("b"), common.HexToHash("c")}
+	)
+	ethash := NewTester(nil, false)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	if tot := ethash.Hashrate(); tot != 0 {
+		t.Error("expect the result should be zero")
+	}
+
+	api := &API{ethash}
+	for i := 0; i < len(hashrate); i += 1 {
+		if res := api.SubmitHashrate(hashrate[i], ids[i]); !res {
+			t.Error("remote miner submit hashrate failed")
+		}
+		expect += uint64(hashrate[i])
+	}
+	if tot := ethash.Hashrate(); tot != float64(expect) {
+		t.Error("expect total hashrate should be same")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClosedRemoteSealer(t *testing.T) {
+	ethash := NewTester(nil, false)
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second) // ensure exit channel is listening
+	ethash.Close()
+
+	api := &API{ethash}
+	if _, err := api.GetWork(); err != errEthashStopped {
+		t.Error("expect to return an error to indicate ethash is stopped")
+	}
+
+	if res := api.SubmitHashrate(hexutil.Uint64(100), common.HexToHash("a")); res {
+		t.Error("expect to return false when submit hashrate to a stopped ethash")
+	}
+}

consensus/ethash/mmap_help_linux.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
 // This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
 //
 // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -14,31 +14,22 @@
 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-package params
+//go:build linux
+// +build linux
 
-const (
+package ethash
-	EpochLength      = 32
-	SyncPeriodLength = 8192
 
-	BLSSignatureSize = 96
+import (
-	BLSPubkeySize    = 48
+	"os"
 
-	SyncCommitteeSize          = 512
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-	SyncCommitteeBitmaskSize   = SyncCommitteeSize / 8
-	SyncCommitteeSupermajority = (SyncCommitteeSize*2 + 2) / 3
 )
 
-const (
+// ensureSize expands the file to the given size. This is to prevent runtime
-	StateIndexGenesisTime       = 32
+// errors later on, if the underlying file expands beyond the disk capacity,
-	StateIndexGenesisValidators = 33
+// even though it ostensibly is already expanded, but due to being sparse
-	StateIndexForkVersion       = 141
+// does not actually occupy the full declared size on disk.
-	StateIndexLatestHeader      = 36
+func ensureSize(f *os.File, size int64) error {
-	StateIndexBlockRoots        = 37
+	// Docs: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/fallocate.2.html
-	StateIndexStateRoots        = 38
+	return unix.Fallocate(int(f.Fd()), 0, 0, size)
-	StateIndexHistoricRoots     = 39
+}
-	StateIndexFinalBlock        = 105
-	StateIndexSyncCommittee     = 54
-	StateIndexNextSyncCommittee = 55
-	StateIndexExecPayload       = 56
-	StateIndexExecHead          = 908
-)

consensus/ethash/mmap_help_other.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+//go:build !linux
+// +build !linux
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"os"
+)
+
+// ensureSize expands the file to the given size. This is to prevent runtime
+// errors later on, if the underlying file expands beyond the disk capacity,
+// even though it ostensibly is already expanded, but due to being sparse
+// does not actually occupy the full declared size on disk.
+func ensureSize(f *os.File, size int64) error {
+	// On systems which do not support fallocate, we merely truncate it.
+	// More robust alternatives  would be to
+	// - Use posix_fallocate, or
+	// - explicitly fill the file with zeroes.
+	return f.Truncate(size)
+}

consensus/ethash/sealer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	crand "crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+	"math/big"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+const (
+	// staleThreshold is the maximum depth of the acceptable stale but valid ethash solution.
+	staleThreshold = 7
+)
+
+var (
+	errNoMiningWork      = errors.New("no mining work available yet")
+	errInvalidSealResult = errors.New("invalid or stale proof-of-work solution")
+)
+
+// Seal implements consensus.Engine, attempting to find a nonce that satisfies
+// the block's difficulty requirements.
+func (ethash *Ethash) Seal(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, block *types.Block, results chan<- *types.Block, stop <-chan struct{}) error {
+	// If we're running a fake PoW, simply return a 0 nonce immediately
+	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFake || ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
+		header := block.Header()
+		header.Nonce, header.MixDigest = types.BlockNonce{}, common.Hash{}
+		select {
+		case results <- block.WithSeal(header):
+		default:
+			ethash.config.Log.Warn("Sealing result is not read by miner", "mode", "fake", "sealhash", ethash.SealHash(block.Header()))
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	// If we're running a shared PoW, delegate sealing to it
+	if ethash.shared != nil {
+		return ethash.shared.Seal(chain, block, results, stop)
+	}
+	// Create a runner and the multiple search threads it directs
+	abort := make(chan struct{})
+
+	ethash.lock.Lock()
+	threads := ethash.threads
+	if ethash.rand == nil {
+		seed, err := crand.Int(crand.Reader, big.NewInt(math.MaxInt64))
+		if err != nil {
+			ethash.lock.Unlock()
+			return err
+		}
+		ethash.rand = rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed.Int64()))
+	}
+	ethash.lock.Unlock()
+	if threads == 0 {
+		threads = runtime.NumCPU()
+	}
+	if threads < 0 {
+		threads = 0 // Allows disabling local mining without extra logic around local/remote
+	}
+	// Push new work to remote sealer
+	if ethash.remote != nil {
+		ethash.remote.workCh <- &sealTask{block: block, results: results}
+	}
+	var (
+		pend   sync.WaitGroup
+		locals = make(chan *types.Block)
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < threads; i++ {
+		pend.Add(1)
+		go func(id int, nonce uint64) {
+			defer pend.Done()
+			ethash.mine(block, id, nonce, abort, locals)
+		}(i, uint64(ethash.rand.Int63()))
+	}
+	// Wait until sealing is terminated or a nonce is found
+	go func() {
+		var result *types.Block
+		select {
+		case <-stop:
+			// Outside abort, stop all miner threads
+			close(abort)
+		case result = <-locals:
+			// One of the threads found a block, abort all others
+			select {
+			case results <- result:
+			default:
+				ethash.config.Log.Warn("Sealing result is not read by miner", "mode", "local", "sealhash", ethash.SealHash(block.Header()))
+			}
+			close(abort)
+		case <-ethash.update:
+			// Thread count was changed on user request, restart
+			close(abort)
+			if err := ethash.Seal(chain, block, results, stop); err != nil {
+				ethash.config.Log.Error("Failed to restart sealing after update", "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+		// Wait for all miners to terminate and return the block
+		pend.Wait()
+	}()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mine is the actual proof-of-work miner that searches for a nonce starting from
+// seed that results in correct final block difficulty.
+func (ethash *Ethash) mine(block *types.Block, id int, seed uint64, abort chan struct{}, found chan *types.Block) {
+	// Extract some data from the header
+	var (
+		header  = block.Header()
+		hash    = ethash.SealHash(header).Bytes()
+		target  = new(big.Int).Div(two256, header.Difficulty)
+		number  = header.Number.Uint64()
+		dataset = ethash.dataset(number, false)
+	)
+	// Start generating random nonces until we abort or find a good one
+	var (
+		attempts  = int64(0)
+		nonce     = seed
+		powBuffer = new(big.Int)
+	)
+	logger := ethash.config.Log.New("miner", id)
+	logger.Trace("Started ethash search for new nonces", "seed", seed)
+search:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-abort:
+			// Mining terminated, update stats and abort
+			logger.Trace("Ethash nonce search aborted", "attempts", nonce-seed)
+			ethash.hashrate.Mark(attempts)
+			break search
+
+		default:
+			// We don't have to update hash rate on every nonce, so update after after 2^X nonces
+			attempts++
+			if (attempts % (1 << 15)) == 0 {
+				ethash.hashrate.Mark(attempts)
+				attempts = 0
+			}
+			// Compute the PoW value of this nonce
+			digest, result := hashimotoFull(dataset.dataset, hash, nonce)
+			if powBuffer.SetBytes(result).Cmp(target) <= 0 {
+				// Correct nonce found, create a new header with it
+				header = types.CopyHeader(header)
+				header.Nonce = types.EncodeNonce(nonce)
+				header.MixDigest = common.BytesToHash(digest)
+
+				// Seal and return a block (if still needed)
+				select {
+				case found <- block.WithSeal(header):
+					logger.Trace("Ethash nonce found and reported", "attempts", nonce-seed, "nonce", nonce)
+				case <-abort:
+					logger.Trace("Ethash nonce found but discarded", "attempts", nonce-seed, "nonce", nonce)
+				}
+				break search
+			}
+			nonce++
+		}
+	}
+	// Datasets are unmapped in a finalizer. Ensure that the dataset stays live
+	// during sealing so it's not unmapped while being read.
+	runtime.KeepAlive(dataset)
+}
+
+// This is the timeout for HTTP requests to notify external miners.
+const remoteSealerTimeout = 1 * time.Second
+
+type remoteSealer struct {
+	works        map[common.Hash]*types.Block
+	rates        map[common.Hash]hashrate
+	currentBlock *types.Block
+	currentWork  [4]string
+	notifyCtx    context.Context
+	cancelNotify context.CancelFunc // cancels all notification requests
+	reqWG        sync.WaitGroup     // tracks notification request goroutines
+
+	ethash       *Ethash
+	noverify     bool
+	notifyURLs   []string
+	results      chan<- *types.Block
+	workCh       chan *sealTask   // Notification channel to push new work and relative result channel to remote sealer
+	fetchWorkCh  chan *sealWork   // Channel used for remote sealer to fetch mining work
+	submitWorkCh chan *mineResult // Channel used for remote sealer to submit their mining result
+	fetchRateCh  chan chan uint64 // Channel used to gather submitted hash rate for local or remote sealer.
+	submitRateCh chan *hashrate   // Channel used for remote sealer to submit their mining hashrate
+	requestExit  chan struct{}
+	exitCh       chan struct{}
+}
+
+// sealTask wraps a seal block with relative result channel for remote sealer thread.
+type sealTask struct {
+	block   *types.Block
+	results chan<- *types.Block
+}
+
+// mineResult wraps the pow solution parameters for the specified block.
+type mineResult struct {
+	nonce     types.BlockNonce
+	mixDigest common.Hash
+	hash      common.Hash
+
+	errc chan error
+}
+
+// hashrate wraps the hash rate submitted by the remote sealer.
+type hashrate struct {
+	id   common.Hash
+	ping time.Time
+	rate uint64
+
+	done chan struct{}
+}
+
+// sealWork wraps a seal work package for remote sealer.
+type sealWork struct {
+	errc chan error
+	res  chan [4]string
+}
+
+func startRemoteSealer(ethash *Ethash, urls []string, noverify bool) *remoteSealer {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	s := &remoteSealer{
+		ethash:       ethash,
+		noverify:     noverify,
+		notifyURLs:   urls,
+		notifyCtx:    ctx,
+		cancelNotify: cancel,
+		works:        make(map[common.Hash]*types.Block),
+		rates:        make(map[common.Hash]hashrate),
+		workCh:       make(chan *sealTask),
+		fetchWorkCh:  make(chan *sealWork),
+		submitWorkCh: make(chan *mineResult),
+		fetchRateCh:  make(chan chan uint64),
+		submitRateCh: make(chan *hashrate),
+		requestExit:  make(chan struct{}),
+		exitCh:       make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	go s.loop()
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *remoteSealer) loop() {
+	defer func() {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Trace("Ethash remote sealer is exiting")
+		s.cancelNotify()
+		s.reqWG.Wait()
+		close(s.exitCh)
+	}()
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case work := <-s.workCh:
+			// Update current work with new received block.
+			// Note same work can be past twice, happens when changing CPU threads.
+			s.results = work.results
+			s.makeWork(work.block)
+			s.notifyWork()
+
+		case work := <-s.fetchWorkCh:
+			// Return current mining work to remote miner.
+			if s.currentBlock == nil {
+				work.errc <- errNoMiningWork
+			} else {
+				work.res <- s.currentWork
+			}
+
+		case result := <-s.submitWorkCh:
+			// Verify submitted PoW solution based on maintained mining blocks.
+			if s.submitWork(result.nonce, result.mixDigest, result.hash) {
+				result.errc <- nil
+			} else {
+				result.errc <- errInvalidSealResult
+			}
+
+		case result := <-s.submitRateCh:
+			// Trace remote sealer's hash rate by submitted value.
+			s.rates[result.id] = hashrate{rate: result.rate, ping: time.Now()}
+			close(result.done)
+
+		case req := <-s.fetchRateCh:
+			// Gather all hash rate submitted by remote sealer.
+			var total uint64
+			for _, rate := range s.rates {
+				// this could overflow
+				total += rate.rate
+			}
+			req <- total
+
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			// Clear stale submitted hash rate.
+			for id, rate := range s.rates {
+				if time.Since(rate.ping) > 10*time.Second {
+					delete(s.rates, id)
+				}
+			}
+			// Clear stale pending blocks
+			if s.currentBlock != nil {
+				for hash, block := range s.works {
+					if block.NumberU64()+staleThreshold <= s.currentBlock.NumberU64() {
+						delete(s.works, hash)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		case <-s.requestExit:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// makeWork creates a work package for external miner.
+//
+// The work package consists of 3 strings:
+//
+//	result[0], 32 bytes hex encoded current block header pow-hash
+//	result[1], 32 bytes hex encoded seed hash used for DAG
+//	result[2], 32 bytes hex encoded boundary condition ("target"), 2^256/difficulty
+//	result[3], hex encoded block number
+func (s *remoteSealer) makeWork(block *types.Block) {
+	hash := s.ethash.SealHash(block.Header())
+	s.currentWork[0] = hash.Hex()
+	s.currentWork[1] = common.BytesToHash(SeedHash(block.NumberU64())).Hex()
+	s.currentWork[2] = common.BytesToHash(new(big.Int).Div(two256, block.Difficulty()).Bytes()).Hex()
+	s.currentWork[3] = hexutil.EncodeBig(block.Number())
+
+	// Trace the seal work fetched by remote sealer.
+	s.currentBlock = block
+	s.works[hash] = block
+}
+
+// notifyWork notifies all the specified mining endpoints of the availability of
+// new work to be processed.
+func (s *remoteSealer) notifyWork() {
+	work := s.currentWork
+
+	// Encode the JSON payload of the notification. When NotifyFull is set,
+	// this is the complete block header, otherwise it is a JSON array.
+	var blob []byte
+	if s.ethash.config.NotifyFull {
+		blob, _ = json.Marshal(s.currentBlock.Header())
+	} else {
+		blob, _ = json.Marshal(work)
+	}
+
+	s.reqWG.Add(len(s.notifyURLs))
+	for _, url := range s.notifyURLs {
+		go s.sendNotification(s.notifyCtx, url, blob, work)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *remoteSealer) sendNotification(ctx context.Context, url string, json []byte, work [4]string) {
+	defer s.reqWG.Done()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(json))
+	if err != nil {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Can't create remote miner notification", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, remoteSealerTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	req = req.WithContext(ctx)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Failed to notify remote miner", "err", err)
+	} else {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Trace("Notified remote miner", "miner", url, "hash", work[0], "target", work[2])
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// submitWork verifies the submitted pow solution, returning
+// whether the solution was accepted or not (not can be both a bad pow as well as
+// any other error, like no pending work or stale mining result).
+func (s *remoteSealer) submitWork(nonce types.BlockNonce, mixDigest common.Hash, sealhash common.Hash) bool {
+	if s.currentBlock == nil {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Error("Pending work without block", "sealhash", sealhash)
+		return false
+	}
+	// Make sure the work submitted is present
+	block := s.works[sealhash]
+	if block == nil {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Work submitted but none pending", "sealhash", sealhash, "curnumber", s.currentBlock.NumberU64())
+		return false
+	}
+	// Verify the correctness of submitted result.
+	header := block.Header()
+	header.Nonce = nonce
+	header.MixDigest = mixDigest
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	if !s.noverify {
+		if err := s.ethash.verifySeal(nil, header, true); err != nil {
+			s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Invalid proof-of-work submitted", "sealhash", sealhash, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)), "err", err)
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// Make sure the result channel is assigned.
+	if s.results == nil {
+		s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Ethash result channel is empty, submitted mining result is rejected")
+		return false
+	}
+	s.ethash.config.Log.Trace("Verified correct proof-of-work", "sealhash", sealhash, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+
+	// Solutions seems to be valid, return to the miner and notify acceptance.
+	solution := block.WithSeal(header)
+
+	// The submitted solution is within the scope of acceptance.
+	if solution.NumberU64()+staleThreshold > s.currentBlock.NumberU64() {
+		select {
+		case s.results <- solution:
+			s.ethash.config.Log.Debug("Work submitted is acceptable", "number", solution.NumberU64(), "sealhash", sealhash, "hash", solution.Hash())
+			return true
+		default:
+			s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Sealing result is not read by miner", "mode", "remote", "sealhash", sealhash)
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// The submitted block is too old to accept, drop it.
+	s.ethash.config.Log.Warn("Work submitted is too old", "number", solution.NumberU64(), "sealhash", sealhash, "hash", solution.Hash())
+	return false
+}

consensus/ethash/sealer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package ethash
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/testlog"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+)
+
+// Tests whether remote HTTP servers are correctly notified of new work.
+func TestRemoteNotify(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start a simple web server to capture notifications.
+	sink := make(chan [3]string)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		blob, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to read miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		var work [3]string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &work); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to unmarshal miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		sink <- work
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create the custom ethash engine.
+	ethash := NewTester([]string{server.URL}, false)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	// Stream a work task and ensure the notification bubbles out.
+	header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+	block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
+
+	ethash.Seal(nil, block, nil, nil)
+	select {
+	case work := <-sink:
+		if want := ethash.SealHash(header).Hex(); work[0] != want {
+			t.Errorf("work packet hash mismatch: have %s, want %s", work[0], want)
+		}
+		if want := common.BytesToHash(SeedHash(header.Number.Uint64())).Hex(); work[1] != want {
+			t.Errorf("work packet seed mismatch: have %s, want %s", work[1], want)
+		}
+		target := new(big.Int).Div(new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 256), header.Difficulty)
+		if want := common.BytesToHash(target.Bytes()).Hex(); work[2] != want {
+			t.Errorf("work packet target mismatch: have %s, want %s", work[2], want)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("notification timed out")
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests whether remote HTTP servers are correctly notified of new work. (Full pending block body / --miner.notify.full)
+func TestRemoteNotifyFull(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start a simple web server to capture notifications.
+	sink := make(chan map[string]interface{})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		blob, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to read miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		var work map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &work); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to unmarshal miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		sink <- work
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create the custom ethash engine.
+	config := Config{
+		PowMode:    ModeTest,
+		NotifyFull: true,
+		Log:        testlog.Logger(t, log.LvlWarn),
+	}
+	ethash := New(config, []string{server.URL}, false)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	// Stream a work task and ensure the notification bubbles out.
+	header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+	block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
+
+	ethash.Seal(nil, block, nil, nil)
+	select {
+	case work := <-sink:
+		if want := "0x" + strconv.FormatUint(header.Number.Uint64(), 16); work["number"] != want {
+			t.Errorf("pending block number mismatch: have %v, want %v", work["number"], want)
+		}
+		if want := "0x" + header.Difficulty.Text(16); work["difficulty"] != want {
+			t.Errorf("pending block difficulty mismatch: have %s, want %s", work["difficulty"], want)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("notification timed out")
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that pushing work packages fast to the miner doesn't cause any data race
+// issues in the notifications.
+func TestRemoteMultiNotify(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start a simple web server to capture notifications.
+	sink := make(chan [3]string, 64)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		blob, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to read miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		var work [3]string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &work); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to unmarshal miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		sink <- work
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create the custom ethash engine.
+	ethash := NewTester([]string{server.URL}, false)
+	ethash.config.Log = testlog.Logger(t, log.LvlWarn)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	// Provide a results reader.
+	// Otherwise the unread results will be logged asynchronously
+	// and this can happen after the test is finished, causing a panic.
+	results := make(chan *types.Block, cap(sink))
+
+	// Stream a lot of work task and ensure all the notifications bubble out.
+	for i := 0; i < cap(sink); i++ {
+		header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(int64(i)), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+		block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
+		ethash.Seal(nil, block, results, nil)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < cap(sink); i++ {
+		select {
+		case <-sink:
+			<-results
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("notification %d timed out", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests that pushing work packages fast to the miner doesn't cause any data race
+// issues in the notifications. Full pending block body / --miner.notify.full)
+func TestRemoteMultiNotifyFull(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start a simple web server to capture notifications.
+	sink := make(chan map[string]interface{}, 64)
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		blob, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to read miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		var work map[string]interface{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(blob, &work); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to unmarshal miner notification: %v", err)
+		}
+		sink <- work
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	// Create the custom ethash engine.
+	config := Config{
+		PowMode:    ModeTest,
+		NotifyFull: true,
+		Log:        testlog.Logger(t, log.LvlWarn),
+	}
+	ethash := New(config, []string{server.URL}, false)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+
+	// Provide a results reader.
+	// Otherwise the unread results will be logged asynchronously
+	// and this can happen after the test is finished, causing a panic.
+	results := make(chan *types.Block, cap(sink))
+
+	// Stream a lot of work task and ensure all the notifications bubble out.
+	for i := 0; i < cap(sink); i++ {
+		header := &types.Header{Number: big.NewInt(int64(i)), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100)}
+		block := types.NewBlockWithHeader(header)
+		ethash.Seal(nil, block, results, nil)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < cap(sink); i++ {
+		select {
+		case <-sink:
+			<-results
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("notification %d timed out", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Tests whether stale solutions are correctly processed.
+func TestStaleSubmission(t *testing.T) {
+	ethash := NewTester(nil, true)
+	defer ethash.Close()
+	api := &API{ethash}
+
+	fakeNonce, fakeDigest := types.BlockNonce{0x01, 0x02, 0x03}, common.HexToHash("deadbeef")
+
+	testcases := []struct {
+		headers     []*types.Header
+		submitIndex int
+		submitRes   bool
+	}{
+		// Case1: submit solution for the latest mining package
+		{
+			[]*types.Header{
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xa}), Number: big.NewInt(1), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000000)},
+			},
+			0,
+			true,
+		},
+		// Case2: submit solution for the previous package but have same parent.
+		{
+			[]*types.Header{
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xb}), Number: big.NewInt(2), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000000)},
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xb}), Number: big.NewInt(2), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000001)},
+			},
+			0,
+			true,
+		},
+		// Case3: submit stale but acceptable solution
+		{
+			[]*types.Header{
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xc}), Number: big.NewInt(3), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000000)},
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xd}), Number: big.NewInt(9), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000000)},
+			},
+			0,
+			true,
+		},
+		// Case4: submit very old solution
+		{
+			[]*types.Header{
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xe}), Number: big.NewInt(10), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000000)},
+				{ParentHash: common.BytesToHash([]byte{0xf}), Number: big.NewInt(17), Difficulty: big.NewInt(100000000)},
+			},
+			0,
+			false,
+		},
+	}
+	results := make(chan *types.Block, 16)
+
+	for id, c := range testcases {
+		for _, h := range c.headers {
+			ethash.Seal(nil, types.NewBlockWithHeader(h), results, nil)
+		}
+		if res := api.SubmitWork(fakeNonce, ethash.SealHash(c.headers[c.submitIndex]), fakeDigest); res != c.submitRes {
+			t.Errorf("case %d submit result mismatch, want %t, get %t", id+1, c.submitRes, res)
+		}
+		if !c.submitRes {
+			continue
+		}
+		select {
+		case res := <-results:
+			if res.Header().Nonce != fakeNonce {
+				t.Errorf("case %d block nonce mismatch, want %x, get %x", id+1, fakeNonce, res.Header().Nonce)
+			}
+			if res.Header().MixDigest != fakeDigest {
+				t.Errorf("case %d block digest mismatch, want %x, get %x", id+1, fakeDigest, res.Header().MixDigest)
+			}
+			if res.Header().Difficulty.Uint64() != c.headers[c.submitIndex].Difficulty.Uint64() {
+				t.Errorf("case %d block difficulty mismatch, want %d, get %d", id+1, c.headers[c.submitIndex].Difficulty, res.Header().Difficulty)
+			}
+			if res.Header().Number.Uint64() != c.headers[c.submitIndex].Number.Uint64() {
+				t.Errorf("case %d block number mismatch, want %d, get %d", id+1, c.headers[c.submitIndex].Number.Uint64(), res.Header().Number.Uint64())
+			}
+			if res.Header().ParentHash != c.headers[c.submitIndex].ParentHash {
+				t.Errorf("case %d block parent hash mismatch, want %s, get %s", id+1, c.headers[c.submitIndex].ParentHash.Hex(), res.Header().ParentHash.Hex())
+			}
+		case <-time.NewTimer(time.Second).C:
+			t.Errorf("case %d fetch ethash result timeout", id+1)
+		}
+	}
+}

consensus/misc/eip1559.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package misc
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ func VerifyEip1559Header(config *params.ChainConfig, parent, header *types.Heade
 	}
 	// Verify the header is not malformed
 	if header.BaseFee == nil {
-		return errors.New("header is missing baseFee")
+		return fmt.Errorf("header is missing baseFee")
 	}
 	// Verify the baseFee is correct based on the parent header.
 	expectedBaseFee := CalcBaseFee(config, parent)

console/console_test.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console/prompt"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
@@ -98,6 +99,9 @@ func newTester(t *testing.T, confOverride func(*ethconfig.Config)) *tester {
 		Miner: miner.Config{
 			Etherbase: common.HexToAddress(testAddress),
 		},
+		Ethash: ethash.Config{
+			PowMode: ethash.ModeTest,
+		},
 	}
 	if confOverride != nil {
 		confOverride(ethConf)

contracts/checkpointoracle/contract/oracle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+// Code generated - DO NOT EDIT.
+// This file is a generated binding and any manual changes will be lost.
+
+package contract
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+	"strings"
+
+	ethereum "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
+)
+
+// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
+var (
+	_ = big.NewInt
+	_ = strings.NewReader
+	_ = ethereum.NotFound
+	_ = bind.Bind
+	_ = common.Big1
+	_ = types.BloomLookup
+	_ = event.NewSubscription
+)
+
+// CheckpointOracleABI is the input ABI used to generate the binding from.
+const CheckpointOracleABI = "[{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address[]\",\"name\":\"_adminlist\",\"type\":\"address[]\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"_sectionSize\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"_processConfirms\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"_threshold\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"constructor\"},{\"anonymous\":false,\"inputs\":[{\"indexed\":true,\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"index\",\"type\":\"uint64\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"checkpointHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"uint8\",\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":\"uint8\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"},{\"indexed\":false,\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"s\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"}],\"name\":\"NewCheckpointVote\",\"type\":\"event\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"GetAllAdmin\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"address[]\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"address[]\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[],\"name\":\"GetLatestCheckpoint\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint64\"},{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"uint256\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"view\",\"type\":\"function\"},{\"inputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"uint256\",\"name\":\"_recentNumber\",\"type\":\"uint256\"},{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"_recentHash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"},{\"internalType\":\"bytes32\",\"name\":\"_hash\",\"type\":\"bytes32\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint64\",\"name\":\"_sectionIndex\",\"type\":\"uint64\"},{\"internalType\":\"uint8[]\",\"name\":\"v\",\"type\":\"uint8[]\"},{\"internalType\":\"bytes32[]\",\"name\":\"r\",\"type\":\"bytes32[]\"},{\"internalType\":\"bytes32[]\",\"name\":\"s\",\"type\":\"bytes32[]\"}],\"name\":\"SetCheckpoint\",\"outputs\":[{\"internalType\":\"bool\",\"name\":\"\",\"type\":\"bool\"}],\"stateMutability\":\"nonpayable\",\"type\":\"function\"}]"
+
+// CheckpointOracleFuncSigs maps the 4-byte function signature to its string representation.
+var CheckpointOracleFuncSigs = map[string]string{
+	"45848dfc": "GetAllAdmin()",
+	"4d6a304c": "GetLatestCheckpoint()",
+	"d459fc46": "SetCheckpoint(uint256,bytes32,bytes32,uint64,uint8[],bytes32[],bytes32[])",
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleBin is the compiled bytecode used for deploying new contracts.
+var CheckpointOracleBin = "0x608060405234801561001057600080fd5b506040516108703803806108708339818101604052608081101561003357600080fd5b810190808051604051939291908464010000000082111561005357600080fd5b90830190602082018581111561006857600080fd5b825186602082028301116401000000008211171561008557600080fd5b82525081516020918201928201910280838360005b838110156100b257818101518382015260200161009a565b50505050919091016040908152602083015190830151606090930151909450919250600090505b84518110156101855760016000808784815181106100f357fe5b60200260200101516001600160a01b03166001600160a01b0316815260200190815260200160002060006101000a81548160ff021916908315150217905550600185828151811061014057fe5b60209081029190910181015182546001808201855560009485529290932090920180546001600160a01b0319166001600160a01b0390931692909217909155016100d9565b50600592909255600655600755506106ce806101a26000396000f3fe608060405234801561001057600080fd5b50600436106100415760003560e01c806345848dfc146100465780634d6a304c1461009e578063d459fc46146100cf575b600080fd5b61004e6102b0565b60408051602080825283518183015283519192839290830191858101910280838360005b8381101561008a578181015183820152602001610072565b505050509050019250505060405180910390f35b6100a6610365565b6040805167ffffffffffffffff9094168452602084019290925282820152519081900360600190f35b61029c600480360360e08110156100e557600080fd5b81359160208101359160408201359167ffffffffffffffff6060820135169181019060a08101608082013564010000000081111561012257600080fd5b82018360208201111561013457600080fd5b8035906020019184602083028401116401000000008311171561015657600080fd5b91908080602002602001604051908101604052809392919081815260200183836020028082843760009201919091525092959493602081019350359150506401000000008111156101a657600080fd5b8201836020820111156101b857600080fd5b803590602001918460208302840111640100000000831117156101da57600080fd5b919080806020026020016040519081016040528093929190818152602001838360200280828437600092019190915250929594936020810193503591505064010000000081111561022a57600080fd5b82018360208201111561023c57600080fd5b8035906020019184602083028401116401000000008311171561025e57600080fd5b919080806020026020016040519081016040528093929190818152602001838360200280828437600092019190915250929550610380945050505050565b604080519115158252519081900360200190f35b600154606090819067ffffffffffffffff811180156102ce57600080fd5b506040519080825280602002602001820160405280156102f8578160200160208202803683370190505b50905060005b60015481101561035f576001818154811061031557fe5b9060005260206000200160009054906101000a90046001600160a01b031682828151811061033f57fe5b6001600160a01b03909216602092830291909101909101526001016102fe565b50905090565b60025460045460035467ffffffffffffffff90921691909192565b3360009081526020819052604081205460ff1661039c57600080fd5b868840146103a957600080fd5b82518451146103b757600080fd5b81518451146103c557600080fd5b6006546005548660010167ffffffffffffffff1602014310156103ea5750600061068d565b60025467ffffffffffffffff908116908616101561040a5750600061068d565b60025467ffffffffffffffff868116911614801561043c575067ffffffffffffffff851615158061043c575060035415155b156104495750600061068d565b856104565750600061068d565b60408051601960f81b6020808301919091526000602183018190523060601b60228401526001600160c01b031960c08a901b166036840152603e8084018b905284518085039091018152605e909301909352815191012090805b86518110156106875760006001848984815181106104ca57fe5b60200260200101518985815181106104de57fe5b60200260200101518986815181106104f257fe5b602002602001015160405160008152602001604052604051808581526020018460ff1660ff1681526020018381526020018281526020019450505050506020604051602081039080840390855afa158015610551573d6000803e3d6000fd5b505060408051601f1901516001600160a01b03811660009081526020819052919091205490925060ff16905061058657600080fd5b826001600160a01b0316816001600160a01b0316116105a457600080fd5b8092508867ffffffffffffffff167fce51ffa16246bcaf0899f6504f473cd0114f430f566cef71ab7e03d3dde42a418b8a85815181106105e057fe5b60200260200101518a86815181106105f457fe5b60200260200101518a878151811061060857fe5b6020026020010151604051808581526020018460ff1660ff16815260200183815260200182815260200194505050505060405180910390a2600754826001011061067e5750505060048790555050436003556002805467ffffffffffffffff191667ffffffffffffffff8616179055600161068d565b506001016104b0565b50600080fd5b97965050505050505056fea26469706673582212202ddf9eda76bf59c0fc65584c0b22d84ecef2c703765de60439596d6ac34c2b7264736f6c634300060b0033"
+
+// DeployCheckpointOracle deploys a new Ethereum contract, binding an instance of CheckpointOracle to it.
+func DeployCheckpointOracle(auth *bind.TransactOpts, backend bind.ContractBackend, _adminlist []common.Address, _sectionSize *big.Int, _processConfirms *big.Int, _threshold *big.Int) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *CheckpointOracle, error) {
+	parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(CheckpointOracleABI))
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	address, tx, contract, err := bind.DeployContract(auth, parsed, common.FromHex(CheckpointOracleBin), backend, _adminlist, _sectionSize, _processConfirms, _threshold)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return address, tx, &CheckpointOracle{CheckpointOracleCaller: CheckpointOracleCaller{contract: contract}, CheckpointOracleTransactor: CheckpointOracleTransactor{contract: contract}, CheckpointOracleFilterer: CheckpointOracleFilterer{contract: contract}}, nil
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracle is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type CheckpointOracle struct {
+	CheckpointOracleCaller     // Read-only binding to the contract
+	CheckpointOracleTransactor // Write-only binding to the contract
+	CheckpointOracleFilterer   // Log filterer for contract events
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleCaller is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type CheckpointOracleCaller struct {
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleTransactor is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type CheckpointOracleTransactor struct {
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleFilterer is an auto generated log filtering Go binding around an Ethereum contract events.
+type CheckpointOracleFilterer struct {
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleSession is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+// with pre-set call and transact options.
+type CheckpointOracleSession struct {
+	Contract     *CheckpointOracle // Generic contract binding to set the session for
+	CallOpts     bind.CallOpts     // Call options to use throughout this session
+	TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleCallerSession is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+// with pre-set call options.
+type CheckpointOracleCallerSession struct {
+	Contract *CheckpointOracleCaller // Generic contract caller binding to set the session for
+	CallOpts bind.CallOpts           // Call options to use throughout this session
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleTransactorSession is an auto generated write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
+// with pre-set transact options.
+type CheckpointOracleTransactorSession struct {
+	Contract     *CheckpointOracleTransactor // Generic contract transactor binding to set the session for
+	TransactOpts bind.TransactOpts           // Transaction auth options to use throughout this session
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleRaw is an auto generated low-level Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type CheckpointOracleRaw struct {
+	Contract *CheckpointOracle // Generic contract binding to access the raw methods on
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleCallerRaw is an auto generated low-level read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type CheckpointOracleCallerRaw struct {
+	Contract *CheckpointOracleCaller // Generic read-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleTransactorRaw is an auto generated low-level write-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
+type CheckpointOracleTransactorRaw struct {
+	Contract *CheckpointOracleTransactor // Generic write-only contract binding to access the raw methods on
+}
+
+// NewCheckpointOracle creates a new instance of CheckpointOracle, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewCheckpointOracle(address common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*CheckpointOracle, error) {
+	contract, err := bindCheckpointOracle(address, backend, backend, backend)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CheckpointOracle{CheckpointOracleCaller: CheckpointOracleCaller{contract: contract}, CheckpointOracleTransactor: CheckpointOracleTransactor{contract: contract}, CheckpointOracleFilterer: CheckpointOracleFilterer{contract: contract}}, nil
+}
+
+// NewCheckpointOracleCaller creates a new read-only instance of CheckpointOracle, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewCheckpointOracleCaller(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller) (*CheckpointOracleCaller, error) {
+	contract, err := bindCheckpointOracle(address, caller, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CheckpointOracleCaller{contract: contract}, nil
+}
+
+// NewCheckpointOracleTransactor creates a new write-only instance of CheckpointOracle, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewCheckpointOracleTransactor(address common.Address, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*CheckpointOracleTransactor, error) {
+	contract, err := bindCheckpointOracle(address, nil, transactor, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CheckpointOracleTransactor{contract: contract}, nil
+}
+
+// NewCheckpointOracleFilterer creates a new log filterer instance of CheckpointOracle, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+func NewCheckpointOracleFilterer(address common.Address, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*CheckpointOracleFilterer, error) {
+	contract, err := bindCheckpointOracle(address, nil, nil, filterer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CheckpointOracleFilterer{contract: contract}, nil
+}
+
+// bindCheckpointOracle binds a generic wrapper to an already deployed contract.
+func bindCheckpointOracle(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
+	parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(CheckpointOracleABI))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return bind.NewBoundContract(address, parsed, caller, transactor, filterer), nil
+}
+
+// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+// returns.
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.CheckpointOracleCaller.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
+}
+
+// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+// its default method if one is available.
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.CheckpointOracleTransactor.contract.Transfer(opts)
+}
+
+// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.CheckpointOracleTransactor.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
+}
+
+// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
+// sets the output to result. The result type might be a single field for simple
+// returns, a slice of interfaces for anonymous returns and a struct for named
+// returns.
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleCallerRaw) Call(opts *bind.CallOpts, result *[]interface{}, method string, params ...interface{}) error {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.contract.Call(opts, result, method, params...)
+}
+
+// Transfer initiates a plain transaction to move funds to the contract, calling
+// its default method if one is available.
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleTransactorRaw) Transfer(opts *bind.TransactOpts) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.contract.Transfer(opts)
+}
+
+// Transact invokes the (paid) contract method with params as input values.
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleTransactorRaw) Transact(opts *bind.TransactOpts, method string, params ...interface{}) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.contract.Transact(opts, method, params...)
+}
+
+// GetAllAdmin is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x45848dfc.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetAllAdmin() view returns(address[])
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleCaller) GetAllAdmin(opts *bind.CallOpts) ([]common.Address, error) {
+	var out []interface{}
+	err := _CheckpointOracle.contract.Call(opts, &out, "GetAllAdmin")
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return *new([]common.Address), err
+	}
+
+	out0 := *abi.ConvertType(out[0], new([]common.Address)).(*[]common.Address)
+
+	return out0, err
+
+}
+
+// GetAllAdmin is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x45848dfc.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetAllAdmin() view returns(address[])
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleSession) GetAllAdmin() ([]common.Address, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.GetAllAdmin(&_CheckpointOracle.CallOpts)
+}
+
+// GetAllAdmin is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x45848dfc.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetAllAdmin() view returns(address[])
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleCallerSession) GetAllAdmin() ([]common.Address, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.GetAllAdmin(&_CheckpointOracle.CallOpts)
+}
+
+// GetLatestCheckpoint is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x4d6a304c.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetLatestCheckpoint() view returns(uint64, bytes32, uint256)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleCaller) GetLatestCheckpoint(opts *bind.CallOpts) (uint64, [32]byte, *big.Int, error) {
+	var out []interface{}
+	err := _CheckpointOracle.contract.Call(opts, &out, "GetLatestCheckpoint")
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return *new(uint64), *new([32]byte), *new(*big.Int), err
+	}
+
+	out0 := *abi.ConvertType(out[0], new(uint64)).(*uint64)
+	out1 := *abi.ConvertType(out[1], new([32]byte)).(*[32]byte)
+	out2 := *abi.ConvertType(out[2], new(*big.Int)).(**big.Int)
+
+	return out0, out1, out2, err
+
+}
+
+// GetLatestCheckpoint is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x4d6a304c.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetLatestCheckpoint() view returns(uint64, bytes32, uint256)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleSession) GetLatestCheckpoint() (uint64, [32]byte, *big.Int, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.GetLatestCheckpoint(&_CheckpointOracle.CallOpts)
+}
+
+// GetLatestCheckpoint is a free data retrieval call binding the contract method 0x4d6a304c.
+//
+// Solidity: function GetLatestCheckpoint() view returns(uint64, bytes32, uint256)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleCallerSession) GetLatestCheckpoint() (uint64, [32]byte, *big.Int, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.GetLatestCheckpoint(&_CheckpointOracle.CallOpts)
+}
+
+// SetCheckpoint is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0xd459fc46.
+//
+// Solidity: function SetCheckpoint(uint256 _recentNumber, bytes32 _recentHash, bytes32 _hash, uint64 _sectionIndex, uint8[] v, bytes32[] r, bytes32[] s) returns(bool)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleTransactor) SetCheckpoint(opts *bind.TransactOpts, _recentNumber *big.Int, _recentHash [32]byte, _hash [32]byte, _sectionIndex uint64, v []uint8, r [][32]byte, s [][32]byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.contract.Transact(opts, "SetCheckpoint", _recentNumber, _recentHash, _hash, _sectionIndex, v, r, s)
+}
+
+// SetCheckpoint is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0xd459fc46.
+//
+// Solidity: function SetCheckpoint(uint256 _recentNumber, bytes32 _recentHash, bytes32 _hash, uint64 _sectionIndex, uint8[] v, bytes32[] r, bytes32[] s) returns(bool)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleSession) SetCheckpoint(_recentNumber *big.Int, _recentHash [32]byte, _hash [32]byte, _sectionIndex uint64, v []uint8, r [][32]byte, s [][32]byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.SetCheckpoint(&_CheckpointOracle.TransactOpts, _recentNumber, _recentHash, _hash, _sectionIndex, v, r, s)
+}
+
+// SetCheckpoint is a paid mutator transaction binding the contract method 0xd459fc46.
+//
+// Solidity: function SetCheckpoint(uint256 _recentNumber, bytes32 _recentHash, bytes32 _hash, uint64 _sectionIndex, uint8[] v, bytes32[] r, bytes32[] s) returns(bool)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleTransactorSession) SetCheckpoint(_recentNumber *big.Int, _recentHash [32]byte, _hash [32]byte, _sectionIndex uint64, v []uint8, r [][32]byte, s [][32]byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	return _CheckpointOracle.Contract.SetCheckpoint(&_CheckpointOracle.TransactOpts, _recentNumber, _recentHash, _hash, _sectionIndex, v, r, s)
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator is returned from FilterNewCheckpointVote and is used to iterate over the raw logs and unpacked data for NewCheckpointVote events raised by the CheckpointOracle contract.
+type CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator struct {
+	Event *CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote // Event containing the contract specifics and raw log
+
+	contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract to use for unpacking event data
+	event    string              // Event name to use for unpacking event data
+
+	logs chan types.Log        // Log channel receiving the found contract events
+	sub  ethereum.Subscription // Subscription for errors, completion and termination
+	done bool                  // Whether the subscription completed delivering logs
+	fail error                 // Occurred error to stop iteration
+}
+
+// Next advances the iterator to the subsequent event, returning whether there
+// are any more events found. In case of a retrieval or parsing error, false is
+// returned and Error() can be queried for the exact failure.
+func (it *CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator) Next() bool {
+	// If the iterator failed, stop iterating
+	if it.fail != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	// If the iterator completed, deliver directly whatever's available
+	if it.done {
+		select {
+		case log := <-it.logs:
+			it.Event = new(CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+			if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
+				it.fail = err
+				return false
+			}
+			it.Event.Raw = log
+			return true
+
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// Iterator still in progress, wait for either a data or an error event
+	select {
+	case log := <-it.logs:
+		it.Event = new(CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+		if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
+			it.fail = err
+			return false
+		}
+		it.Event.Raw = log
+		return true
+
+	case err := <-it.sub.Err():
+		it.done = true
+		it.fail = err
+		return it.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+// Error returns any retrieval or parsing error occurred during filtering.
+func (it *CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator) Error() error {
+	return it.fail
+}
+
+// Close terminates the iteration process, releasing any pending underlying
+// resources.
+func (it *CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator) Close() error {
+	it.sub.Unsubscribe()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote represents a NewCheckpointVote event raised by the CheckpointOracle contract.
+type CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote struct {
+	Index          uint64
+	CheckpointHash [32]byte
+	V              uint8
+	R              [32]byte
+	S              [32]byte
+	Raw            types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+}
+
+// FilterNewCheckpointVote is a free log retrieval operation binding the contract event 0xce51ffa16246bcaf0899f6504f473cd0114f430f566cef71ab7e03d3dde42a41.
+//
+// Solidity: event NewCheckpointVote(uint64 indexed index, bytes32 checkpointHash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleFilterer) FilterNewCheckpointVote(opts *bind.FilterOpts, index []uint64) (*CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator, error) {
+
+	var indexRule []interface{}
+	for _, indexItem := range index {
+		indexRule = append(indexRule, indexItem)
+	}
+
+	logs, sub, err := _CheckpointOracle.contract.FilterLogs(opts, "NewCheckpointVote", indexRule)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVoteIterator{contract: _CheckpointOracle.contract, event: "NewCheckpointVote", logs: logs, sub: sub}, nil
+}
+
+// WatchNewCheckpointVote is a free log subscription operation binding the contract event 0xce51ffa16246bcaf0899f6504f473cd0114f430f566cef71ab7e03d3dde42a41.
+//
+// Solidity: event NewCheckpointVote(uint64 indexed index, bytes32 checkpointHash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleFilterer) WatchNewCheckpointVote(opts *bind.WatchOpts, sink chan<- *CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote, index []uint64) (event.Subscription, error) {
+
+	var indexRule []interface{}
+	for _, indexItem := range index {
+		indexRule = append(indexRule, indexItem)
+	}
+
+	logs, sub, err := _CheckpointOracle.contract.WatchLogs(opts, "NewCheckpointVote", indexRule)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case log := <-logs:
+				// New log arrived, parse the event and forward to the user
+				event := new(CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+				if err := _CheckpointOracle.contract.UnpackLog(event, "NewCheckpointVote", log); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				event.Raw = log
+
+				select {
+				case sink <- event:
+				case err := <-sub.Err():
+					return err
+				case <-quit:
+					return nil
+				}
+			case err := <-sub.Err():
+				return err
+			case <-quit:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}), nil
+}
+
+// ParseNewCheckpointVote is a log parse operation binding the contract event 0xce51ffa16246bcaf0899f6504f473cd0114f430f566cef71ab7e03d3dde42a41.
+//
+// Solidity: event NewCheckpointVote(uint64 indexed index, bytes32 checkpointHash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s)
+func (_CheckpointOracle *CheckpointOracleFilterer) ParseNewCheckpointVote(log types.Log) (*CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote, error) {
+	event := new(CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+	if err := _CheckpointOracle.contract.UnpackLog(event, "NewCheckpointVote", log); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return event, nil
+}

contracts/checkpointoracle/contract/oracle.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.6.0;
+
+/**
+ * @title CheckpointOracle
+ * @author Gary Rong<garyrong@ethereum.org>, Martin Swende <martin.swende@ethereum.org>
+ * @dev Implementation of the blockchain checkpoint registrar.
+ */
+contract CheckpointOracle {
+    /*
+        Events
+    */
+
+    // NewCheckpointVote is emitted when a new checkpoint proposal receives a vote.
+    event NewCheckpointVote(uint64 indexed index, bytes32 checkpointHash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s);
+
+    /*
+        Public Functions
+    */
+    constructor(address[] memory _adminlist, uint _sectionSize, uint _processConfirms, uint _threshold) public {
+        for (uint i = 0; i < _adminlist.length; i++) {
+            admins[_adminlist[i]] = true;
+            adminList.push(_adminlist[i]);
+        }
+        sectionSize = _sectionSize;
+        processConfirms = _processConfirms;
+        threshold = _threshold;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Get latest stable checkpoint information.
+     * @return section index
+     * @return checkpoint hash
+     * @return block height associated with checkpoint
+     */
+    function GetLatestCheckpoint()
+    view
+    public
+    returns(uint64, bytes32, uint) {
+        return (sectionIndex, hash, height);
+    }
+
+    // SetCheckpoint sets  a new checkpoint. It accepts a list of signatures
+    // @_recentNumber: a recent blocknumber, for replay protection
+    // @_recentHash : the hash of `_recentNumber`
+    // @_hash : the hash to set at _sectionIndex
+    // @_sectionIndex : the section index to set
+    // @v : the list of v-values
+    // @r : the list or r-values
+    // @s : the list of s-values
+    function SetCheckpoint(
+        uint _recentNumber,
+        bytes32 _recentHash,
+        bytes32 _hash,
+        uint64 _sectionIndex,
+        uint8[] memory v,
+        bytes32[] memory r,
+        bytes32[] memory s)
+        public
+        returns (bool)
+    {
+        // Ensure the sender is authorized.
+        require(admins[msg.sender]);
+
+        // These checks replay protection, so it cannot be replayed on forks,
+        // accidentally or intentionally
+        require(blockhash(_recentNumber) == _recentHash);
+
+        // Ensure the batch of signatures are valid.
+        require(v.length == r.length);
+        require(v.length == s.length);
+
+        // Filter out "future" checkpoint.
+        if (block.number < (_sectionIndex+1)*sectionSize+processConfirms) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Filter out "old" announcement
+        if (_sectionIndex < sectionIndex) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Filter out "stale" announcement
+        if (_sectionIndex == sectionIndex && (_sectionIndex != 0 || height != 0)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Filter out "invalid" announcement
+        if (_hash == ""){
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // EIP 191 style signatures
+        //
+        // Arguments when calculating hash to validate
+        // 1: byte(0x19) - the initial 0x19 byte
+        // 2: byte(0) - the version byte (data with intended validator)
+        // 3: this - the validator address
+        // --  Application specific data
+        // 4 : checkpoint section_index(uint64)
+        // 5 : checkpoint hash (bytes32)
+        //     hash = keccak256(checkpoint_index, section_head, cht_root, bloom_root)
+        bytes32 signedHash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(byte(0x19), byte(0), this, _sectionIndex, _hash));
+
+        address lastVoter = address(0);
+
+        // In order for us not to have to maintain a mapping of who has already
+        // voted, and we don't want to count a vote twice, the signatures must
+        // be submitted in strict ordering.
+        for (uint idx = 0; idx < v.length; idx++){
+            address signer = ecrecover(signedHash, v[idx], r[idx], s[idx]);
+            require(admins[signer]);
+            require(uint256(signer) > uint256(lastVoter));
+            lastVoter = signer;
+            emit NewCheckpointVote(_sectionIndex, _hash, v[idx], r[idx], s[idx]);
+
+            // Sufficient signatures present, update latest checkpoint.
+            if (idx+1 >= threshold){
+                hash = _hash;
+                height = block.number;
+                sectionIndex = _sectionIndex;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        // We shouldn't wind up here, reverting un-emits the events
+        revert();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dev Get all admin addresses
+     * @return address list
+     */
+    function GetAllAdmin()
+    public
+    view
+    returns(address[] memory)
+    {
+        address[] memory ret = new address[](adminList.length);
+        for (uint i = 0; i < adminList.length; i++) {
+            ret[i] = adminList[i];
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+        Fields
+    */
+    // A map of admin users who have the permission to update CHT and bloom Trie root
+    mapping(address => bool) admins;
+
+    // A list of admin users so that we can obtain all admin users.
+    address[] adminList;
+
+    // Latest stored section id
+    uint64 sectionIndex;
+
+    // The block height associated with latest registered checkpoint.
+    uint height;
+
+    // The hash of latest registered checkpoint.
+    bytes32 hash;
+
+    // The frequency for creating a checkpoint
+    //
+    // The default value should be the same as the checkpoint size(32768) in the ethereum.
+    uint sectionSize;
+
+    // The number of confirmations needed before a checkpoint can be registered.
+    // We have to make sure the checkpoint registered will not be invalid due to
+    // chain reorg.
+    //
+    // The default value should be the same as the checkpoint process confirmations(256)
+    // in the ethereum.
+    uint processConfirms;
+
+    // The required signatures to finalize a stable checkpoint.
+    uint threshold;
+}

contracts/checkpointoracle/oracle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// Package checkpointoracle is a an on-chain light client checkpoint oracle.
+package checkpointoracle
+
+//go:generate solc contract/oracle.sol --combined-json bin,bin-runtime,srcmap,srcmap-runtime,abi,userdoc,devdoc,metadata,hashes --optimize -o ./ --overwrite
+//go:generate go run ../../cmd/abigen --pkg contract --out contract/oracle.go --combined-json ./combined.json
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/contracts/checkpointoracle/contract"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+)
+
+// CheckpointOracle is a Go wrapper around an on-chain checkpoint oracle contract.
+type CheckpointOracle struct {
+	address  common.Address
+	contract *contract.CheckpointOracle
+}
+
+// NewCheckpointOracle binds checkpoint contract and returns a registrar instance.
+func NewCheckpointOracle(contractAddr common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*CheckpointOracle, error) {
+	c, err := contract.NewCheckpointOracle(contractAddr, backend)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CheckpointOracle{address: contractAddr, contract: c}, nil
+}
+
+// ContractAddr returns the address of contract.
+func (oracle *CheckpointOracle) ContractAddr() common.Address {
+	return oracle.address
+}
+
+// Contract returns the underlying contract instance.
+func (oracle *CheckpointOracle) Contract() *contract.CheckpointOracle {
+	return oracle.contract
+}
+
+// LookupCheckpointEvents searches checkpoint event for specific section in the
+// given log batches.
+func (oracle *CheckpointOracle) LookupCheckpointEvents(blockLogs [][]*types.Log, section uint64, hash common.Hash) []*contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote {
+	var votes []*contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote
+
+	for _, logs := range blockLogs {
+		for _, log := range logs {
+			event, err := oracle.contract.ParseNewCheckpointVote(*log)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if event.Index == section && event.CheckpointHash == hash {
+				votes = append(votes, event)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return votes
+}
+
+// RegisterCheckpoint registers the checkpoint with a batch of associated signatures
+// that are collected off-chain and sorted by lexicographical order.
+//
+// Notably all signatures given should be transformed to "ethereum style" which transforms
+// v from 0/1 to 27/28 according to the yellow paper.
+func (oracle *CheckpointOracle) RegisterCheckpoint(opts *bind.TransactOpts, index uint64, hash []byte, rnum *big.Int, rhash [32]byte, sigs [][]byte) (*types.Transaction, error) {
+	var (
+		r [][32]byte
+		s [][32]byte
+		v []uint8
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < len(sigs); i++ {
+		if len(sigs[i]) != 65 {
+			return nil, errors.New("invalid signature")
+		}
+		r = append(r, common.BytesToHash(sigs[i][:32]))
+		s = append(s, common.BytesToHash(sigs[i][32:64]))
+		v = append(v, sigs[i][64])
+	}
+	return oracle.contract.SetCheckpoint(opts, rnum, rhash, common.BytesToHash(hash), index, v, r, s)
+}

contracts/checkpointoracle/oracle_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package checkpointoracle
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind/backends"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/contracts/checkpointoracle/contract"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+var (
+	emptyHash = [32]byte{}
+
+	checkpoint0 = params.TrustedCheckpoint{
+		SectionIndex: 0,
+		SectionHead:  common.HexToHash("0x7fa3c32f996c2bfb41a1a65b3d8ea3e0a33a1674cde43678ad6f4235e764d17d"),
+		CHTRoot:      common.HexToHash("0x98fc5d3de23a0fecebad236f6655533c157d26a1aedcd0852a514dc1169e6350"),
+		BloomRoot:    common.HexToHash("0x99b5adb52b337fe25e74c1c6d3835b896bd638611b3aebddb2317cce27a3f9fa"),
+	}
+	checkpoint1 = params.TrustedCheckpoint{
+		SectionIndex: 1,
+		SectionHead:  common.HexToHash("0x2d4dee68102125e59b0cc61b176bd89f0d12b3b91cfaf52ef8c2c82fb920c2d2"),
+		CHTRoot:      common.HexToHash("0x7d428008ece3b4c4ef5439f071930aad0bb75108d381308df73beadcd01ded95"),
+		BloomRoot:    common.HexToHash("0x652571f7736de17e7bbb427ac881474da684c6988a88bf51b10cca9a2ee148f4"),
+	}
+	checkpoint2 = params.TrustedCheckpoint{
+		SectionIndex: 2,
+		SectionHead:  common.HexToHash("0x61c0de578c0115b1dff8ef39aa600588c7c6ecb8a2f102003d7cf4c4146e9291"),
+		CHTRoot:      common.HexToHash("0x407a08a407a2bc3838b74ca3eb206903c9c8a186ccf5ef14af07794efff1970b"),
+		BloomRoot:    common.HexToHash("0x058b4161f558ce295a92925efc57f34f9210d5a30088d7475c183e0d3e58f5ac"),
+	}
+)
+
+var (
+	// The block frequency for creating checkpoint(only used in test)
+	sectionSize = big.NewInt(512)
+
+	// The number of confirmations needed to generate a checkpoint(only used in test).
+	processConfirms = big.NewInt(4)
+)
+
+// validateOperation executes the operation, watches and delivers all events fired by the backend and ensures the
+// correctness by assert function.
+func validateOperation(t *testing.T, c *contract.CheckpointOracle, backend *backends.SimulatedBackend, operation func(),
+	assert func(<-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error, opName string) {
+	// Watch all events and deliver them to assert function
+	var (
+		sink   = make(chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+		sub, _ = c.WatchNewCheckpointVote(nil, sink, nil)
+	)
+	defer func() {
+		// Close all subscribers
+		sub.Unsubscribe()
+	}()
+	operation()
+
+	// flush pending block
+	backend.Commit()
+	if err := assert(sink); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("operation {%s} failed, err %s", opName, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// validateEvents checks that the correct number of contract events
+// fired by contract backend.
+func validateEvents(target int, sink interface{}) (bool, []reflect.Value) {
+	chanval := reflect.ValueOf(sink)
+	chantyp := chanval.Type()
+	if chantyp.Kind() != reflect.Chan || chantyp.ChanDir()&reflect.RecvDir == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	count := 0
+	var recv []reflect.Value
+	timeout := time.After(1 * time.Second)
+	cases := []reflect.SelectCase{{Chan: chanval, Dir: reflect.SelectRecv}, {Chan: reflect.ValueOf(timeout), Dir: reflect.SelectRecv}}
+	for {
+		chose, v, _ := reflect.Select(cases)
+		if chose == 1 {
+			// Not enough event received
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		count += 1
+		recv = append(recv, v)
+		if count == target {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	done := time.After(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	cases = cases[:1]
+	cases = append(cases, reflect.SelectCase{Chan: reflect.ValueOf(done), Dir: reflect.SelectRecv})
+	chose, _, _ := reflect.Select(cases)
+	// If chose equal 0, it means receiving redundant events.
+	return chose == 1, recv
+}
+
+func signCheckpoint(addr common.Address, privateKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey, index uint64, hash common.Hash) []byte {
+	// EIP 191 style signatures
+	//
+	// Arguments when calculating hash to validate
+	// 1: byte(0x19) - the initial 0x19 byte
+	// 2: byte(0) - the version byte (data with intended validator)
+	// 3: this - the validator address
+	// --  Application specific data
+	// 4 : checkpoint section_index(uint64)
+	// 5 : checkpoint hash (bytes32)
+	//     hash = keccak256(checkpoint_index, section_head, cht_root, bloom_root)
+	buf := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(buf, index)
+	data := append([]byte{0x19, 0x00}, append(addr.Bytes(), append(buf, hash.Bytes()...)...)...)
+	sig, _ := crypto.Sign(crypto.Keccak256(data), privateKey)
+	sig[64] += 27 // Transform V from 0/1 to 27/28 according to the yellow paper
+	return sig
+}
+
+// assertSignature verifies whether the recovered signers are equal with expected.
+func assertSignature(addr common.Address, index uint64, hash [32]byte, r, s [32]byte, v uint8, expect common.Address) bool {
+	buf := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(buf, index)
+	data := append([]byte{0x19, 0x00}, append(addr.Bytes(), append(buf, hash[:]...)...)...)
+	pubkey, err := crypto.Ecrecover(crypto.Keccak256(data), append(r[:], append(s[:], v-27)...))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	var signer common.Address
+	copy(signer[:], crypto.Keccak256(pubkey[1:])[12:])
+	return bytes.Equal(signer.Bytes(), expect.Bytes())
+}
+
+type Account struct {
+	key  *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+	addr common.Address
+}
+type Accounts []Account
+
+func (a Accounts) Len() int           { return len(a) }
+func (a Accounts) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a Accounts) Less(i, j int) bool { return bytes.Compare(a[i].addr.Bytes(), a[j].addr.Bytes()) < 0 }
+
+func TestCheckpointRegister(t *testing.T) {
+	// Initialize test accounts
+	var accounts Accounts
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		accounts = append(accounts, Account{key: key, addr: addr})
+	}
+	sort.Sort(accounts)
+
+	// Deploy registrar contract
+	contractBackend := backends.NewSimulatedBackend(
+		core.GenesisAlloc{
+			accounts[0].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(10000000000000000)},
+			accounts[1].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(10000000000000000)},
+			accounts[2].addr: {Balance: big.NewInt(10000000000000000)},
+		}, 10000000,
+	)
+	defer contractBackend.Close()
+
+	transactOpts, _ := bind.NewKeyedTransactorWithChainID(accounts[0].key, big.NewInt(1337))
+
+	// 3 trusted signers, threshold 2
+	contractAddr, _, c, err := contract.DeployCheckpointOracle(transactOpts, contractBackend, []common.Address{accounts[0].addr, accounts[1].addr, accounts[2].addr}, sectionSize, processConfirms, big.NewInt(2))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error("Failed to deploy registrar contract", err)
+	}
+	contractBackend.Commit()
+
+	// getRecent returns block height and hash of the head parent.
+	getRecent := func() (*big.Int, common.Hash) {
+		parentNumber := new(big.Int).Sub(contractBackend.Blockchain().CurrentHeader().Number, big.NewInt(1))
+		parentHash := contractBackend.Blockchain().CurrentHeader().ParentHash
+		return parentNumber, parentHash
+	}
+	// collectSig generates specified number signatures.
+	collectSig := func(index uint64, hash common.Hash, n int, unauthorized *ecdsa.PrivateKey) (v []uint8, r [][32]byte, s [][32]byte) {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			sig := signCheckpoint(contractAddr, accounts[i].key, index, hash)
+			if unauthorized != nil {
+				sig = signCheckpoint(contractAddr, unauthorized, index, hash)
+			}
+			r = append(r, common.BytesToHash(sig[:32]))
+			s = append(s, common.BytesToHash(sig[32:64]))
+			v = append(v, sig[64])
+		}
+		return v, r, s
+	}
+	// insertEmptyBlocks inserts a batch of empty blocks to blockchain.
+	insertEmptyBlocks := func(number int) {
+		for i := 0; i < number; i++ {
+			contractBackend.Commit()
+		}
+	}
+	// assert checks whether the current contract status is same with
+	// the expected.
+	assert := func(index uint64, hash [32]byte, height *big.Int) error {
+		lindex, lhash, lheight, err := c.GetLatestCheckpoint(nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if lindex != index {
+			return errors.New("latest checkpoint index mismatch")
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(lhash[:], hash[:]) {
+			return errors.New("latest checkpoint hash mismatch")
+		}
+		if lheight.Cmp(height) != 0 {
+			return errors.New("latest checkpoint height mismatch")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Test future checkpoint registration
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(0, checkpoint0.Hash(), 2, nil)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint0.Hash(), 0, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		return assert(0, emptyHash, big.NewInt(0))
+	}, "test future checkpoint registration")
+
+	insertEmptyBlocks(int(sectionSize.Uint64() + processConfirms.Uint64()))
+
+	// Test transaction replay protection
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, _ := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(0, checkpoint0.Hash(), 2, nil)
+		hash := common.HexToHash("deadbeef")
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint0.Hash(), 0, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		return assert(0, emptyHash, big.NewInt(0))
+	}, "test transaction replay protection")
+
+	// Test unauthorized signature checking
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		u, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(0, checkpoint0.Hash(), 2, u)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint0.Hash(), 0, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		return assert(0, emptyHash, big.NewInt(0))
+	}, "test unauthorized signature checking")
+
+	// Test un-multi-signature checkpoint registration
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(0, checkpoint0.Hash(), 1, nil)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint0.Hash(), 0, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		return assert(0, emptyHash, big.NewInt(0))
+	}, "test un-multi-signature checkpoint registration")
+
+	// Test valid checkpoint registration
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(0, checkpoint0.Hash(), 2, nil)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint0.Hash(), 0, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		if valid, recv := validateEvents(2, events); !valid {
+			return errors.New("receive incorrect number of events")
+		} else {
+			for i := 0; i < len(recv); i++ {
+				event := recv[i].Interface().(*contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+				if !assertSignature(contractAddr, event.Index, event.CheckpointHash, event.R, event.S, event.V, accounts[i].addr) {
+					return errors.New("recover signer failed")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		number, _ := getRecent()
+		return assert(0, checkpoint0.Hash(), number.Add(number, big.NewInt(1)))
+	}, "test valid checkpoint registration")
+
+	distance := 3*sectionSize.Uint64() + processConfirms.Uint64() - contractBackend.Blockchain().CurrentHeader().Number.Uint64()
+	insertEmptyBlocks(int(distance))
+
+	// Test uncontinuous checkpoint registration
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(2, checkpoint2.Hash(), 2, nil)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint2.Hash(), 2, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		if valid, recv := validateEvents(2, events); !valid {
+			return errors.New("receive incorrect number of events")
+		} else {
+			for i := 0; i < len(recv); i++ {
+				event := recv[i].Interface().(*contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote)
+				if !assertSignature(contractAddr, event.Index, event.CheckpointHash, event.R, event.S, event.V, accounts[i].addr) {
+					return errors.New("recover signer failed")
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		number, _ := getRecent()
+		return assert(2, checkpoint2.Hash(), number.Add(number, big.NewInt(1)))
+	}, "test uncontinuous checkpoint registration")
+
+	// Test old checkpoint registration
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(1, checkpoint1.Hash(), 2, nil)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint1.Hash(), 1, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		number, _ := getRecent()
+		return assert(2, checkpoint2.Hash(), number)
+	}, "test uncontinuous checkpoint registration")
+
+	// Test stale checkpoint registration
+	validateOperation(t, c, contractBackend, func() {
+		number, hash := getRecent()
+		v, r, s := collectSig(2, checkpoint2.Hash(), 2, nil)
+		c.SetCheckpoint(transactOpts, number, hash, checkpoint2.Hash(), 2, v, r, s)
+	}, func(events <-chan *contract.CheckpointOracleNewCheckpointVote) error {
+		number, _ := getRecent()
+		return assert(2, checkpoint2.Hash(), number.Sub(number, big.NewInt(1)))
+	}, "test stale checkpoint registration")
+}

core/asm/compiler.go

@@ -157,12 +157,13 @@ func (c *Compiler) compileLine() error {
 }
 
 // compileNumber compiles the number to bytes
-func (c *Compiler) compileNumber(element token) {
+func (c *Compiler) compileNumber(element token) (int, error) {
 	num := math.MustParseBig256(element.text).Bytes()
 	if len(num) == 0 {
 		num = []byte{0}
 	}
 	c.pushBin(num)
+	return len(num), nil
 }
 
 // compileElement compiles the element (push & label or both)

core/bench_test.go

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func genValueTx(nbytes int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
 		toaddr := common.Address{}
 		data := make([]byte, nbytes)
 		gas, _ := IntrinsicGas(data, nil, false, false, false, false)
-		signer := types.MakeSigner(gen.config, big.NewInt(int64(i)), gen.header.Time)
+		signer := types.MakeSigner(gen.config, big.NewInt(int64(i)))
 		gasPrice := big.NewInt(0)
 		if gen.header.BaseFee != nil {
 			gasPrice = gen.header.BaseFee
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ func genTxRing(naccounts int) func(int, *BlockGen) {
 		if gen.header.BaseFee != nil {
 			gasPrice = gen.header.BaseFee
 		}
-		signer := types.MakeSigner(gen.config, big.NewInt(int64(i)), gen.header.Time)
+		signer := types.MakeSigner(gen.config, big.NewInt(int64(i)))
 		for {
 			gas -= params.TxGas
 			if gas < params.TxGas {
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ func benchReadChain(b *testing.B, full bool, count uint64) {
 			if full {
 				hash := header.Hash()
 				rawdb.ReadBody(db, hash, n)
-				rawdb.ReadReceipts(db, hash, n, header.Time, chain.Config())
+				rawdb.ReadReceipts(db, hash, n, chain.Config())
 			}
 		}
 		chain.Stop()

core/block_validator_test.go

@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ func TestHeaderVerification(t *testing.T) {
 
 			if valid {
 				engine := ethash.NewFaker()
-				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]})
+				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]}, []bool{true})
 			} else {
 				engine := ethash.NewFakeFailer(headers[i].Number.Uint64())
-				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]})
+				_, results = engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{headers[i]}, []bool{true})
 			}
 			// Wait for the verification result
 			select {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func testHeaderVerificationForMerging(t *testing.T, isClique bool) {
 
 	// Verify the blocks before the merging
 	for i := 0; i < len(preBlocks); i++ {
-		_, results := engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{preHeaders[i]})
+		_, results := engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{preHeaders[i]}, []bool{true})
 		// Wait for the verification result
 		select {
 		case result := <-results:
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func testHeaderVerificationForMerging(t *testing.T, isClique bool) {
 
 	// Verify the blocks after the merging
 	for i := 0; i < len(postBlocks); i++ {
-		_, results := engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{postHeaders[i]})
+		_, results := engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, []*types.Header{postHeaders[i]}, []bool{true})
 		// Wait for the verification result
 		select {
 		case result := <-results:
@@ -209,14 +209,19 @@ func testHeaderVerificationForMerging(t *testing.T, isClique bool) {
 	}
 
 	// Verify the blocks with pre-merge blocks and post-merge blocks
-	var headers []*types.Header
+	var (
+		headers []*types.Header
+		seals   []bool
+	)
 	for _, block := range preBlocks {
 		headers = append(headers, block.Header())
+		seals = append(seals, true)
 	}
 	for _, block := range postBlocks {
 		headers = append(headers, block.Header())
+		seals = append(seals, true)
 	}
-	_, results := engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers)
+	_, results := engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
 	for i := 0; i < len(headers); i++ {
 		select {
 		case result := <-results:
@@ -247,8 +252,11 @@ func testHeaderConcurrentVerification(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 		_, blocks, _ = GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, ethash.NewFaker(), 8, nil)
 	)
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
+	seals := make([]bool, len(blocks))
+
 	for i, block := range blocks {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
+		seals[i] = true
 	}
 	// Set the number of threads to verify on
 	old := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(threads)
@@ -261,11 +269,11 @@ func testHeaderConcurrentVerification(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 
 		if valid {
 			chain, _ := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
-			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers)
+			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
 			chain.Stop()
 		} else {
 			chain, _ := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFakeFailer(uint64(len(headers)-1)), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
-			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers)
+			_, results = chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
 			chain.Stop()
 		}
 		// Wait for all the verification results
@@ -314,8 +322,11 @@ func testHeaderConcurrentAbortion(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 		_, blocks, _ = GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, ethash.NewFaker(), 1024, nil)
 	)
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(blocks))
+	seals := make([]bool, len(blocks))
+
 	for i, block := range blocks {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
+		seals[i] = true
 	}
 	// Set the number of threads to verify on
 	old := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(threads)
@@ -325,7 +336,7 @@ func testHeaderConcurrentAbortion(t *testing.T, threads int) {
 	chain, _ := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFakeDelayer(time.Millisecond), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 	defer chain.Stop()
 
-	abort, results := chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers)
+	abort, results := chain.engine.VerifyHeaders(chain, headers, seals)
 	close(abort)
 
 	// Deplete the results channel

core/blockchain.go

@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	// The first thing the node will do is reconstruct the verification data for
 	// the head block (ethash cache or clique voting snapshot). Might as well do
 	// it in advance.
-	bc.engine.VerifyHeader(bc, bc.CurrentHeader())
+	bc.engine.VerifyHeader(bc, bc.CurrentHeader(), true)
 
 	// Check the current state of the block hashes and make sure that we do not have any of the bad blocks in our chain
 	for hash := range BadHashes {
@@ -982,8 +982,8 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
 		}
 	}
 	// Flush the collected preimages to disk
-	if err := bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Close(); err != nil {
+	if err := bc.stateCache.TrieDB().CommitPreimages(); err != nil {
-		log.Error("Failed to close trie db", "err", err)
+		log.Error("Failed to commit trie preimages", "err", err)
 	}
 	// Ensure all live cached entries be saved into disk, so that we can skip
 	// cache warmup when node restarts.
@@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 		return 0, errChainStopped
 	}
 	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()
-	return bc.insertChain(chain, true)
+	return bc.insertChain(chain, true, true)
 }
 
 // insertChain is the internal implementation of InsertChain, which assumes that
@@ -1550,14 +1550,14 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
 // racey behaviour. If a sidechain import is in progress, and the historic state
 // is imported, but then new canon-head is added before the actual sidechain
 // completes, then the historic state could be pruned again
-func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error) {
+func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals, setHead bool) (int, error) {
 	// If the chain is terminating, don't even bother starting up.
 	if bc.insertStopped() {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 
 	// Start a parallel signature recovery (signer will fluke on fork transition, minimal perf loss)
-	SenderCacher.RecoverFromBlocks(types.MakeSigner(bc.chainConfig, chain[0].Number(), chain[0].Time()), chain)
+	SenderCacher.RecoverFromBlocks(types.MakeSigner(bc.chainConfig, chain[0].Number()), chain)
 
 	var (
 		stats     = insertStats{startTime: mclock.Now()}
@@ -1571,10 +1571,13 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 	}()
 	// Start the parallel header verifier
 	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(chain))
+	seals := make([]bool, len(chain))
+
 	for i, block := range chain {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
+		seals[i] = verifySeals
 	}
-	abort, results := bc.engine.VerifyHeaders(bc, headers)
+	abort, results := bc.engine.VerifyHeaders(bc, headers, seals)
 	defer close(abort)
 
 	// Peek the error for the first block to decide the directing import logic
@@ -1995,7 +1998,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 		// memory here.
 		if len(blocks) >= 2048 || memory > 64*1024*1024 {
 			log.Info("Importing heavy sidechain segment", "blocks", len(blocks), "start", blocks[0].NumberU64(), "end", block.NumberU64())
-			if _, err := bc.insertChain(blocks, true); err != nil {
+			if _, err := bc.insertChain(blocks, false, true); err != nil {
 				return 0, err
 			}
 			blocks, memory = blocks[:0], 0
@@ -2009,7 +2012,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertSideChain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (i
 	}
 	if len(blocks) > 0 {
 		log.Info("Importing sidechain segment", "start", blocks[0].NumberU64(), "end", blocks[len(blocks)-1].NumberU64())
-		return bc.insertChain(blocks, true)
+		return bc.insertChain(blocks, false, true)
 	}
 	return 0, nil
 }
@@ -2052,7 +2055,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) recoverAncestors(block *types.Block) (common.Hash, error)
 		} else {
 			b = bc.GetBlock(hashes[i], numbers[i])
 		}
-		if _, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{b}, false); err != nil {
+		if _, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{b}, false, false); err != nil {
 			return b.ParentHash(), err
 		}
 	}
@@ -2063,7 +2066,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) recoverAncestors(block *types.Block) (common.Hash, error)
 // the processing of a block. These logs are later announced as deleted or reborn.
 func (bc *BlockChain) collectLogs(b *types.Block, removed bool) []*types.Log {
 	receipts := rawdb.ReadRawReceipts(bc.db, b.Hash(), b.NumberU64())
-	receipts.DeriveFields(bc.chainConfig, b.Hash(), b.NumberU64(), b.Time(), b.BaseFee(), b.Transactions())
+	receipts.DeriveFields(bc.chainConfig, b.Hash(), b.NumberU64(), b.BaseFee(), b.Transactions())
 
 	var logs []*types.Log
 	for _, receipt := range receipts {
@@ -2259,7 +2262,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) InsertBlockWithoutSetHead(block *types.Block) error {
 	}
 	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()
 
-	_, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{block}, false)
+	_, err := bc.insertChain(types.Blocks{block}, true, false)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -2487,12 +2490,17 @@ Receipts: %v
 // InsertHeaderChain attempts to insert the given header chain in to the local
 // chain, possibly creating a reorg. If an error is returned, it will return the
 // index number of the failing header as well an error describing what went wrong.
-func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header) (int, error) {
+//
+// The verify parameter can be used to fine tune whether nonce verification
+// should be done or not. The reason behind the optional check is because some
+// of the header retrieval mechanisms already need to verify nonces, as well as
+// because nonces can be verified sparsely, not needing to check each.
+func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int) (int, error) {
 	if len(chain) == 0 {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 	start := time.Now()
-	if i, err := bc.hc.ValidateHeaderChain(chain); err != nil {
+	if i, err := bc.hc.ValidateHeaderChain(chain, checkFreq); err != nil {
 		return i, err
 	}
 

core/blockchain_reader.go

@@ -217,11 +217,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
 	if number == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	header := bc.GetHeader(hash, *number)
+	receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number, bc.chainConfig)
-	if header == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number, header.Time, bc.chainConfig)
 	if receipts == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -299,6 +295,12 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) TrieNode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
 	return bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Node(hash)
 }
 
+// ContractCode retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract hash
+// either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
+func (bc *BlockChain) ContractCode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
+	return bc.stateCache.ContractCode(common.Hash{}, hash)
+}
+
 // ContractCodeWithPrefix retrieves a blob of data associated with a contract
 // hash either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
 //

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func newCanonical(engine consensus.Engine, n int, full bool) (ethdb.Database, *G
 	}
 	// Header-only chain requested
 	genDb, headers := makeHeaderChainWithGenesis(genesis, n, engine, canonicalSeed)
-	_, err := blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+	_, err := blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 	return genDb, genesis, blockchain, err
 }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func testFork(t *testing.T, blockchain *BlockChain, i, n int, full bool, compara
 		}
 	} else {
 		headerChainB = makeHeaderChain(blockchain2.chainConfig, blockchain2.CurrentHeader(), n, ethash.NewFaker(), genDb, forkSeed)
-		if _, err := blockchain2.InsertHeaderChain(headerChainB); err != nil {
+		if _, err := blockchain2.InsertHeaderChain(headerChainB, 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to insert forking chain: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func testFork(t *testing.T, blockchain *BlockChain, i, n int, full bool, compara
 func testBlockChainImport(chain types.Blocks, blockchain *BlockChain) error {
 	for _, block := range chain {
 		// Try and process the block
-		err := blockchain.engine.VerifyHeader(blockchain, block.Header())
+		err := blockchain.engine.VerifyHeader(blockchain, block.Header(), true)
 		if err == nil {
 			err = blockchain.validator.ValidateBody(block)
 		}
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func testBlockChainImport(chain types.Blocks, blockchain *BlockChain) error {
 func testHeaderChainImport(chain []*types.Header, blockchain *BlockChain) error {
 	for _, header := range chain {
 		// Try and validate the header
-		if err := blockchain.engine.VerifyHeader(blockchain, header); err != nil {
+		if err := blockchain.engine.VerifyHeader(blockchain, header, false); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		// Manually insert the header into the database, but don't reorganise (allows subsequent testing)
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ func testInsertAfterMerge(t *testing.T, blockchain *BlockChain, i, n int, full b
 		}
 	} else {
 		headerChainB := makeHeaderChain(blockchain2.chainConfig, blockchain2.CurrentHeader(), n, ethash.NewFaker(), genDb, forkSeed)
-		if _, err := blockchain2.InsertHeaderChain(headerChainB); err != nil {
+		if _, err := blockchain2.InsertHeaderChain(headerChainB, 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to insert forking chain: %v", err)
 		}
 		if blockchain2.CurrentHeader().Number.Uint64() != headerChainB[len(headerChainB)-1].Number.Uint64() {
@@ -549,10 +549,10 @@ func testReorg(t *testing.T, first, second []int64, td int64, full bool) {
 		for i, block := range diffBlocks {
 			diffHeaders[i] = block.Header()
 		}
-		if _, err := blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(easyHeaders); err != nil {
+		if _, err := blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(easyHeaders, 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to insert easy chain: %v", err)
 		}
-		if _, err := blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(diffHeaders); err != nil {
+		if _, err := blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(diffHeaders, 1); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to insert difficult chain: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ func testBadHashes(t *testing.T, full bool) {
 		BadHashes[headers[2].Hash()] = true
 		defer func() { delete(BadHashes, headers[2].Hash()) }()
 
-		_, err = blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+		_, err = blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 	}
 	if !errors.Is(err, ErrBannedHash) {
 		t.Errorf("error mismatch: have: %v, want: %v", err, ErrBannedHash)
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ func testReorgBadHashes(t *testing.T, full bool) {
 		BadHashes[blocks[3].Header().Hash()] = true
 		defer func() { delete(BadHashes, blocks[3].Header().Hash()) }()
 	} else {
-		if _, err = blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+		if _, err = blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("failed to import headers: %v", err)
 		}
 		if blockchain.CurrentHeader().Hash() != headers[3].Hash() {
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ func testInsertNonceError(t *testing.T, full bool) {
 
 			blockchain.engine = ethash.NewFakeFailer(failNum)
 			blockchain.hc.engine = blockchain.engine
-			failRes, err = blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+			failRes, err = blockchain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 		}
 		// Check that the returned error indicates the failure
 		if failRes != failAt {
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range blocks {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if n, err := fast.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := fast.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, 0); err != nil {
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) {
 	ancient, _ := NewBlockChain(ancientDb, nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 	defer ancient.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := ancient.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := ancient.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, uint64(len(blocks)/2)); err != nil {
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Iterate over all chain data components, and cross reference
 	for i := 0; i < len(blocks); i++ {
-		num, hash, time := blocks[i].NumberU64(), blocks[i].Hash(), blocks[i].Time()
+		num, hash := blocks[i].NumberU64(), blocks[i].Hash()
 
 		if ftd, atd := fast.GetTd(hash, num), archive.GetTd(hash, num); ftd.Cmp(atd) != 0 {
 			t.Errorf("block #%d [%x]: td mismatch: fastdb %v, archivedb %v", num, hash, ftd, atd)
@@ -832,9 +832,9 @@ func TestFastVsFullChains(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		// Check receipts.
-		freceipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(fastDb, hash, num, time, fast.Config())
+		freceipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(fastDb, hash, num, fast.Config())
-		anreceipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(ancientDb, hash, num, time, fast.Config())
+		anreceipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(ancientDb, hash, num, fast.Config())
-		areceipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(archiveDb, hash, num, time, fast.Config())
+		areceipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(archiveDb, hash, num, fast.Config())
 		if types.DeriveSha(freceipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil)) != types.DeriveSha(areceipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil)) {
 			t.Errorf("block #%d [%x]: receipts mismatch: fastdb %v, ancientdb %v, archivedb %v", num, hash, freceipts, anreceipts, areceipts)
 		}
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range blocks {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if n, err := fast.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := fast.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	if n, err := fast.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, 0); err != nil {
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
 	ancient, _ := NewBlockChain(ancientDb, nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
 	defer ancient.Stop()
 
-	if n, err := ancient.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := ancient.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, uint64(3*len(blocks)/4)); err != nil {
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ func TestLightVsFastVsFullChainHeads(t *testing.T) {
 	lightDb := makeDb()
 	defer lightDb.Close()
 	light, _ := NewBlockChain(lightDb, nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
-	if n, err := light.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := light.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	defer light.Stop()
@@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ func TestTrieForkGC(t *testing.T) {
 		chain.stateCache.TrieDB().Dereference(blocks[len(blocks)-1-i].Root())
 		chain.stateCache.TrieDB().Dereference(forks[len(blocks)-1-i].Root())
 	}
-	if nodes, _ := chain.TrieDB().Size(); nodes > 0 {
+	if len(chain.stateCache.TrieDB().Nodes()) > 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("stale tries still alive after garbase collection")
 	}
 }
@@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@ func TestBlockchainRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range blocks {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if n, err := ancient.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := ancient.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	if n, err := ancient.InsertReceiptChain(blocks, receipts, uint64(3*len(blocks)/4)); err != nil {
@@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ func TestInsertReceiptChainRollback(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range canonblocks {
 		canonHeaders[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if _, err = ancientChain.InsertHeaderChain(canonHeaders); err != nil {
+	if _, err = ancientChain.InsertHeaderChain(canonHeaders, 1); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("can't import canon headers:", err)
 	}
 
@@ -2128,7 +2128,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainData(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 			for _, block := range blocks {
 				headers = append(headers, block.Header())
 			}
-			_, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+			_, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 			return err
 		}
 		asserter = func(t *testing.T, block *types.Block) {
@@ -2142,7 +2142,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainData(t *testing.T, typ string) {
 			for _, block := range blocks {
 				headers = append(headers, block.Header())
 			}
-			_, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+			_, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -2299,7 +2299,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainDataWithMerging(t *testing.T, typ string, mergeHeight i
 			for _, block := range blocks {
 				headers = append(headers, block.Header())
 			}
-			i, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+			i, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("index %d, number %d: %w", i, headers[i].Number, err)
 			}
@@ -2316,7 +2316,7 @@ func testInsertKnownChainDataWithMerging(t *testing.T, typ string, mergeHeight i
 			for _, block := range blocks {
 				headers = append(headers, block.Header())
 			}
-			i, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers)
+			i, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 1)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("index %d: %w", i, err)
 			}
@@ -2492,7 +2492,7 @@ func TestReorgToShorterRemovesCanonMappingHeaderChain(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range canonblocks {
 		canonHeaders[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if n, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(canonHeaders); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(canonHeaders, 0); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("header %d: failed to insert into chain: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	canonNum := chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Uint64()
@@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@ func TestReorgToShorterRemovesCanonMappingHeaderChain(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range sideblocks {
 		sideHeaders[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if n, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(sideHeaders); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(sideHeaders, 0); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("header %d: failed to insert into chain: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	head := chain.CurrentHeader()
@@ -2692,7 +2692,7 @@ func TestSkipStaleTxIndicesInSnapSync(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, block := range blocks {
 		headers[i] = block.Header()
 	}
-	if n, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers); err != nil {
+	if n, err := chain.InsertHeaderChain(headers, 0); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to insert header %d: %v", n, err)
 	}
 	// The indices before ancient-N(32) should be ignored. After that all blocks should be indexed.

core/genesis.go

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func (ga *GenesisAlloc) deriveHash() (common.Hash, error) {
 	// Create an ephemeral in-memory database for computing hash,
 	// all the derived states will be discarded to not pollute disk.
 	db := state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
-	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, db, nil)
+	statedb, err := state.New(common.Hash{}, db, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return common.Hash{}, err
 	}
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (ga *GenesisAlloc) deriveHash() (common.Hash, error) {
 // all the generated states will be persisted into the given database.
 // Also, the genesis state specification will be flushed as well.
 func (ga *GenesisAlloc) flush(db ethdb.Database, triedb *trie.Database, blockhash common.Hash) error {
-	statedb, err := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb), nil)
+	statedb, err := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ func (e *GenesisMismatchError) Error() string {
 
 // ChainOverrides contains the changes to chain config.
 type ChainOverrides struct {
-	OverrideCancun *uint64
+	OverrideShanghai *uint64
 }
 
 // SetupGenesisBlock writes or updates the genesis block in db.
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, triedb *trie.Database, gen
 	}
 	applyOverrides := func(config *params.ChainConfig) {
 		if config != nil {
-			if overrides != nil && overrides.OverrideCancun != nil {
+			if overrides != nil && overrides.OverrideShanghai != nil {
-				config.CancunTime = overrides.OverrideCancun
+				config.ShanghaiTime = overrides.OverrideShanghai
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -379,9 +379,11 @@ func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, triedb *trie.Database, gen
 	return newcfg, stored, nil
 }
 
-// LoadChainConfig loads the stored chain config if it is already present in
+// LoadCliqueConfig loads the stored clique config if the chain config
-// database, otherwise, return the config in the provided genesis specification.
+// is already present in database, otherwise, return the config in the
-func LoadChainConfig(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.ChainConfig, error) {
+// provided genesis specification. Note the returned clique config can
+// be nil if we are not in the clique network.
+func LoadCliqueConfig(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.CliqueConfig, error) {
 	// Load the stored chain config from the database. It can be nil
 	// in case the database is empty. Notably, we only care about the
 	// chain config corresponds to the canonical chain.
@@ -389,10 +391,10 @@ func LoadChainConfig(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.ChainConfig,
 	if stored != (common.Hash{}) {
 		storedcfg := rawdb.ReadChainConfig(db, stored)
 		if storedcfg != nil {
-			return storedcfg, nil
+			return storedcfg.Clique, nil
 		}
 	}
-	// Load the config from the provided genesis specification
+	// Load the clique config from the provided genesis specification.
 	if genesis != nil {
 		// Reject invalid genesis spec without valid chain config
 		if genesis.Config == nil {
@@ -405,11 +407,12 @@ func LoadChainConfig(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.ChainConfig,
 		if stored != (common.Hash{}) && genesis.ToBlock().Hash() != stored {
 			return nil, &GenesisMismatchError{stored, genesis.ToBlock().Hash()}
 		}
-		return genesis.Config, nil
+		return genesis.Config.Clique, nil
 	}
 	// There is no stored chain config and no new config provided,
-	// In this case the default chain config(mainnet) will be used
+	// In this case the default chain config(mainnet) will be used,
-	return params.MainnetChainConfig, nil
+	// namely ethash is the specified consensus engine, return nil.
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func (g *Genesis) configOrDefault(ghash common.Hash) *params.ChainConfig {
@@ -463,7 +466,7 @@ func (g *Genesis) ToBlock() *types.Block {
 		}
 	}
 	var withdrawals []*types.Withdrawal
-	if g.Config != nil && g.Config.IsShanghai(big.NewInt(int64(g.Number)), g.Timestamp) {
+	if g.Config != nil && g.Config.IsShanghai(g.Timestamp) {
 		head.WithdrawalsHash = &types.EmptyWithdrawalsHash
 		withdrawals = make([]*types.Withdrawal, 0)
 	}

core/headerchain.go

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) writeHeadersAndSetHead(headers []*types.Header, forker *F
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-func (hc *HeaderChain) ValidateHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header) (int, error) {
+func (hc *HeaderChain) ValidateHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int) (int, error) {
 	// Do a sanity check that the provided chain is actually ordered and linked
 	for i := 1; i < len(chain); i++ {
 		if chain[i].Number.Uint64() != chain[i-1].Number.Uint64()+1 {
@@ -322,8 +322,23 @@ func (hc *HeaderChain) ValidateHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header) (int, error) {
 			return i, ErrBannedHash
 		}
 	}
-	// Start the parallel verifier
+
-	abort, results := hc.engine.VerifyHeaders(hc, chain)
+	// Generate the list of seal verification requests, and start the parallel verifier
+	seals := make([]bool, len(chain))
+	if checkFreq != 0 {
+		// In case of checkFreq == 0 all seals are left false.
+		for i := 0; i <= len(seals)/checkFreq; i++ {
+			index := i*checkFreq + hc.rand.Intn(checkFreq)
+			if index >= len(seals) {
+				index = len(seals) - 1
+			}
+			seals[index] = true
+		}
+		// Last should always be verified to avoid junk.
+		seals[len(seals)-1] = true
+	}
+
+	abort, results := hc.engine.VerifyHeaders(hc, chain, seals)
 	defer close(abort)
 
 	// Iterate over the headers and ensure they all check out

core/plugeth_injection_test.go

@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-package core
-
-import (
-	"hash"
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-	"math/big"
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
-)
-
-var (
-	config = &params.ChainConfig{
-		ChainID:             big.NewInt(1),
-		HomesteadBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
-		EIP150Block:         big.NewInt(0),
-		EIP155Block:         big.NewInt(0),
-		EIP158Block:         big.NewInt(0),
-		ByzantiumBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
-		ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),
-		PetersburgBlock:     big.NewInt(0),
-		IstanbulBlock:       big.NewInt(0),
-		MuirGlacierBlock:    big.NewInt(0),
-		BerlinBlock:         big.NewInt(0),
-		LondonBlock:         big.NewInt(0),
-		Ethash:              new(params.EthashConfig),
-	}
-	signer  = types.LatestSigner(config)
-	key1, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
-	key2, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202002020202020")
-)
-
-var makeTx = func(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, nonce uint64, to common.Address, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice *big.Int, data []byte) *types.Transaction {
-	tx, _ := types.SignTx(types.NewTransaction(nonce, to, amount, gasLimit, gasPrice, data), signer, key)
-	return tx
-}
-
-var (
-	db    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	gspec = &Genesis{
-		Config: config,
-		Alloc: GenesisAlloc{
-			common.HexToAddress("0x71562b71999873DB5b286dF957af199Ec94617F7"): GenesisAccount{
-				Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
-				Nonce:   0,
-			},
-			common.HexToAddress("0xfd0810DD14796680f72adf1a371963d0745BCc64"): GenesisAccount{
-				Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000), // 1 ether
-				Nonce:   math.MaxUint64,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-)
-
-type testHasher struct {
-	hasher hash.Hash
-}
-
-func newHasher() *testHasher {
-	return &testHasher{hasher: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()}
-}
-
-func (h *testHasher) Reset() {
-	h.hasher.Reset()
-}
-
-func (h *testHasher) Update(key, val []byte) {
-	h.hasher.Write(key)
-	h.hasher.Write(val)
-}
-
-func (h *testHasher) Hash() common.Hash {
-	return common.BytesToHash(h.hasher.Sum(nil))
-}
-
-
-func TestPlugethInjections(t *testing.T) {
-
-	
-	blockchain, _ := NewBlockChain(db, nil, gspec, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
-
-	engine := ethash.NewFaker()
-	
-	sp := NewStateProcessor(config, blockchain, engine) 
-
-	txns := []*types.Transaction{
-		makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(875000000), nil),
-	}
-
-	block := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), engine, txns, gspec.Config)
-
-	statedb, _ := state.New(blockchain.GetBlockByHash(block.ParentHash()).Root(), blockchain.stateCache, nil)
-
-	t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test BlockProcessingError"), func(t *testing.T) {
-		called := false
-		injectionCalled = &called
-		metaInjectionCalled = &called
-
-		_, _, _, _ = sp.Process(block, statedb, vm.Config{})
-		
-		if *injectionCalled != true {
-			t.Fatalf("pluginBlockProcessingError injection in stateProcessor.Process() not called")
-		}
-		if *metaInjectionCalled != true {
-			t.Fatalf("metaTracer.BlockProcessingError injection in stateProcessor.Process() not called")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test Reorg"), func(t *testing.T) {
-		called := false
-		injectionCalled = &called
-
-		// the transaction has to be initialized with a different gas price than the previous tx in order to trigger a reorg
-		txns2 := []*types.Transaction{
-			makeTx(key1, 0, common.Address{}, big.NewInt(1000), params.TxGas-1000, big.NewInt(875000001), nil),
-		}
-		block2 := GenerateBadBlock(gspec.ToBlock(), engine, txns2, gspec.Config)
-
-
-		_, _ = blockchain.writeBlockAndSetHead(block, []*types.Receipt{}, []*types.Log{}, statedb, false)
-
-		_ = blockchain.reorg(block.Header(), block2)
-		
-		if *injectionCalled != true {
-			t.Fatalf("pluginReorg injection in blockChain.Reorg() not called")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test NewSideBlock"), func(t *testing.T) {
-		called := false
-		injectionCalled = &called
-
-		TestReorgToShorterRemovesCanonMapping(t)
-
-		if *injectionCalled != true {
-			t.Fatalf("pluginNewSideBlock injection in blockChain.writeBlockAndSetHead() not called")
-		}
-	})
-	
-}	

core/plugin_hooks.go

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/openrelayxyz/plugeth-utils/core"
 )
 
-var injectionCalled *bool
-var metaInjectionCalled *bool
-
 func PluginPreProcessBlock(pl *plugins.PluginLoader, block *types.Block) {
 	fnList := pl.Lookup("PreProcessBlock", func(item interface{}) bool {
 		_, ok := item.(func(core.Hash, uint64, []byte))
@@ -71,12 +68,6 @@ func PluginBlockProcessingError(pl *plugins.PluginLoader, tx *types.Transaction,
 	}
 }
 func pluginBlockProcessingError(tx *types.Transaction, block *types.Block, err error) {
-
-	if injectionCalled != nil {
-		called := true
-		injectionCalled = &called
-	}
-
 	if plugins.DefaultPluginLoader == nil {
 		log.Warn("Attempting BlockProcessingError, but default PluginLoader has not been initialized")
 		return
@@ -169,7 +160,6 @@ func pluginNewSideBlock(block *types.Block, hash common.Hash, logs []*types.Log)
 }
 
 func PluginReorg(pl *plugins.PluginLoader, commonBlock *types.Block, oldChain, newChain types.Blocks) {
-
 	fnList := pl.Lookup("Reorg", func(item interface{}) bool {
 		_, ok := item.(func(core.Hash, []core.Hash, []core.Hash))
 		return ok
@@ -189,12 +179,6 @@ func PluginReorg(pl *plugins.PluginLoader, commonBlock *types.Block, oldChain, n
 	}
 }
 func pluginReorg(commonBlock *types.Block, oldChain, newChain types.Blocks) {
-
-	if injectionCalled != nil {
-		called := true
-		injectionCalled = &called
-	}
-
 	if plugins.DefaultPluginLoader == nil {
 		log.Warn("Attempting Reorg, but default PluginLoader has not been initialized")
 		return
@@ -229,12 +213,6 @@ func (mt *metaTracer) PreProcessTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, block *types.
 	}
 }
 func (mt *metaTracer) BlockProcessingError(tx *types.Transaction, block *types.Block, err error) {
-
-	if metaInjectionCalled != nil {
-		called := true
-		metaInjectionCalled = &called
-	}
-
 	if len(mt.tracers) == 0 { return }
 	blockHash := core.Hash(block.Hash())
 	transactionHash := core.Hash(tx.Hash())

core/rawdb/accessors_chain.go

@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ func ReadRawReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64) types.Rec
 // The current implementation populates these metadata fields by reading the receipts'
 // corresponding block body, so if the block body is not found it will return nil even
 // if the receipt itself is stored.
-func ReadReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64, time uint64, config *params.ChainConfig) types.Receipts {
+func ReadReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64, config *params.ChainConfig) types.Receipts {
 	// We're deriving many fields from the block body, retrieve beside the receipt
 	receipts := ReadRawReceipts(db, hash, number)
 	if receipts == nil {
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ func ReadReceipts(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, number uint64, time uint64,
 	} else {
 		baseFee = header.BaseFee
 	}
-	if err := receipts.DeriveFields(config, hash, number, time, baseFee, body.Transactions); err != nil {
+	if err := receipts.DeriveFields(config, hash, number, baseFee, body.Transactions); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to derive block receipts fields", "hash", hash, "number", number, "err", err)
 		return nil
 	}

core/rawdb/accessors_chain_test.go

@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ func TestBlockReceiptStorage(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Check that no receipt entries are in a pristine database
 	hash := common.BytesToHash([]byte{0x03, 0x14})
-	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) != 0 {
+	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("non existent receipts returned: %v", rs)
 	}
 	// Insert the body that corresponds to the receipts
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ func TestBlockReceiptStorage(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Insert the receipt slice into the database and check presence
 	WriteReceipts(db, hash, 0, receipts)
-	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) == 0 {
+	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("no receipts returned")
 	} else {
 		if err := checkReceiptsRLP(rs, receipts); err != nil {
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ func TestBlockReceiptStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	// Delete the body and ensure that the receipts are no longer returned (metadata can't be recomputed)
 	DeleteBody(db, hash, 0)
-	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, 0, params.TestChainConfig); rs != nil {
+	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, params.TestChainConfig); rs != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("receipts returned when body was deleted: %v", rs)
 	}
 	// Ensure that receipts without metadata can be returned without the block body too
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func TestBlockReceiptStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	WriteBody(db, hash, 0, body)
 
 	DeleteReceipts(db, hash, 0)
-	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) != 0 {
+	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("deleted receipts returned: %v", rs)
 	}
 }
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ func TestReadLogs(t *testing.T) {
 
 	hash := common.BytesToHash([]byte{0x03, 0x14})
 	// Check that no receipt entries are in a pristine database
-	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) != 0 {
+	if rs := ReadReceipts(db, hash, 0, params.TestChainConfig); len(rs) != 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("non existent receipts returned: %v", rs)
 	}
 	// Insert the body that corresponds to the receipts

core/rawdb/accessors_indexes.go

@@ -130,12 +130,8 @@ func ReadReceipt(db ethdb.Reader, hash common.Hash, config *params.ChainConfig)
 	if blockHash == (common.Hash{}) {
 		return nil, common.Hash{}, 0, 0
 	}
-	blockHeader := ReadHeader(db, blockHash, *blockNumber)
-	if blockHeader == nil {
-		return nil, common.Hash{}, 0, 0
-	}
 	// Read all the receipts from the block and return the one with the matching hash
-	receipts := ReadReceipts(db, blockHash, *blockNumber, blockHeader.Time, config)
+	receipts := ReadReceipts(db, blockHash, *blockNumber, config)
 	for receiptIndex, receipt := range receipts {
 		if receipt.TxHash == hash {
 			return receipt, blockHash, *blockNumber, uint64(receiptIndex)

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -358,15 +358,9 @@ type OpenOptions struct {
 //
 //	                      type == null          type != null
 //	                   +----------------------------------------
-//	db is non-existent |  pebble default  |  specified type
+//	db is non-existent |  leveldb default  |  specified type
 //	db is existent     |  from db          |  specified type (if compatible)
 func openKeyValueDatabase(o OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
-	// Reject any unsupported database type
-	if len(o.Type) != 0 && o.Type != dbLeveldb && o.Type != dbPebble {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown db.engine %v", o.Type)
-	}
-	// Retrieve any pre-existing database's type and use that or the requested one
-	// as long as there's no conflict between the two types
 	existingDb := hasPreexistingDb(o.Directory)
 	if len(existingDb) != 0 && len(o.Type) != 0 && o.Type != existingDb {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("db.engine choice was %v but found pre-existing %v database in specified data directory", o.Type, existingDb)
@@ -379,20 +373,13 @@ func openKeyValueDatabase(o OpenOptions) (ethdb.Database, error) {
 			return nil, errors.New("db.engine 'pebble' not supported on this platform")
 		}
 	}
-	if o.Type == dbLeveldb || existingDb == dbLeveldb {
+	if len(o.Type) != 0 && o.Type != dbLeveldb {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown db.engine %v", o.Type)
+	}
 	log.Info("Using leveldb as the backing database")
+	// Use leveldb, either as default (no explicit choice), or pre-existing, or chosen explicitly
 	return NewLevelDBDatabase(o.Directory, o.Cache, o.Handles, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly)
 }
-	// No pre-existing database, no user-requested one either. Default to Pebble
-	// on supported platforms and LevelDB on anything else.
-	if PebbleEnabled {
-		log.Info("Defaulting to pebble as the backing database")
-		return NewPebbleDBDatabase(o.Directory, o.Cache, o.Handles, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly)
-	} else {
-		log.Info("Defaulting to leveldb as the backing database")
-		return NewLevelDBDatabase(o.Directory, o.Cache, o.Handles, o.Namespace, o.ReadOnly)
-	}
-}
 
 // Open opens both a disk-based key-value database such as leveldb or pebble, but also
 // integrates it with a freezer database -- if the AncientDir option has been

core/rawdb/plugeth_injection_test.go

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package rawdb
-
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
-)
-
-
-func TestPlugethInjections(t *testing.T) {
-	var valuesRaw [][]byte
-	var valuesRLP []*big.Int
-	for x := 0; x < 100; x++ {
-		v := getChunk(256, x)
-		valuesRaw = append(valuesRaw, v)
-		iv := big.NewInt(int64(x))
-		iv = iv.Exp(iv, iv, nil)
-		valuesRLP = append(valuesRLP, iv)
-	}
-	tables := map[string]bool{"raw": true, "rlp": false}
-	f, _ := newFreezerForTesting(t, tables)
-
-	t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("test plugeth injections"), func(t *testing.T) {
-		called := false
-		modifyAncientsInjection = &called
-
-		_, _ = f.ModifyAncients(func(op ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error {
-
-			appendRawInjection = &called
-			_ = op.AppendRaw("raw", uint64(0), valuesRaw[0])
-			if *appendRawInjection != true {
-				t.Fatalf("pluginTrackUpdate injection in AppendRaw not called")
-			}
-
-			appendInjection = &called
-			_ = op.Append("rlp", uint64(0), valuesRaw[0])
-			if *appendInjection != true {
-				t.Fatalf("pluginTrackUpdate injection in Append not called")
-			}
-
-			return nil
-	})
-		if *modifyAncientsInjection != true {
-			t.Fatalf("pluginCommitUpdate injection in ModifyAncients not called")
-		}
-	})
-}

core/rawdb/plugin_hooks.go

@@ -2,33 +2,18 @@ package rawdb
 
 
 import (
-	"sync"
-
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/plugins"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"sync"
 )
 
 var (
 	freezerUpdates map[uint64]map[string]interface{}
 	lock sync.Mutex
-	modifyAncientsInjection *bool
-	appendRawInjection *bool
-	appendInjection *bool
 )
 
 func PluginTrackUpdate(num uint64, kind string, value interface{}) {
-
-	if appendRawInjection != nil {
-		called := true
-		appendRawInjection = &called 
-	} 
-
-	if appendInjection != nil {
-		called := true
-		appendInjection = &called 
-	} 
-
 	lock.Lock()
 	defer lock.Unlock()
 	if freezerUpdates == nil { freezerUpdates = make(map[uint64]map[string]interface{}) }
@@ -41,12 +26,6 @@ func PluginTrackUpdate(num uint64, kind string, value interface{}) {
 }
 
 func pluginCommitUpdate(num uint64) {
-
-	if modifyAncientsInjection != nil {
-		called := true
-		modifyAncientsInjection = &called 
-	} 
-
 	if plugins.DefaultPluginLoader == nil {
 		log.Warn("Attempting CommitUpdate, but default PluginLoader has not been initialized")
 		return
@@ -55,7 +34,6 @@ func pluginCommitUpdate(num uint64) {
 }
 
 func PluginCommitUpdate(pl *plugins.PluginLoader, num uint64) {
-	
 	lock.Lock()
 	defer lock.Unlock()
 	if freezerUpdates == nil { freezerUpdates = make(map[uint64]map[string]interface{}) }

core/rawdb/schema.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 )
 
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@ var (
 	CodePrefix            = []byte("c") // CodePrefix + code hash -> account code
 	skeletonHeaderPrefix  = []byte("S") // skeletonHeaderPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) -> header
 
-	// Path-based storage scheme of merkle patricia trie.
+	// Path-based trie node scheme.
 	trieNodeAccountPrefix = []byte("A") // trieNodeAccountPrefix + hexPath -> trie node
 	trieNodeStoragePrefix = []byte("O") // trieNodeStoragePrefix + accountHash + hexPath -> trie node
 
@@ -249,48 +248,3 @@ func accountTrieNodeKey(path []byte) []byte {
 func storageTrieNodeKey(accountHash common.Hash, path []byte) []byte {
 	return append(append(trieNodeStoragePrefix, accountHash.Bytes()...), path...)
 }
-
-// IsLegacyTrieNode reports whether a provided database entry is a legacy trie
-// node. The characteristics of legacy trie node are:
-// - the key length is 32 bytes
-// - the key is the hash of val
-func IsLegacyTrieNode(key []byte, val []byte) bool {
-	if len(key) != common.HashLength {
-		return false
-	}
-	return bytes.Equal(key, crypto.Keccak256(val))
-}
-
-// IsAccountTrieNode reports whether a provided database entry is an account
-// trie node in path-based state scheme.
-func IsAccountTrieNode(key []byte) (bool, []byte) {
-	if !bytes.HasPrefix(key, trieNodeAccountPrefix) {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-	// The remaining key should only consist a hex node path
-	// whose length is in the range 0 to 64 (64 is excluded
-	// since leaves are always wrapped with shortNode).
-	if len(key) >= len(trieNodeAccountPrefix)+common.HashLength*2 {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-	return true, key[len(trieNodeAccountPrefix):]
-}
-
-// IsStorageTrieNode reports whether a provided database entry is a storage
-// trie node in path-based state scheme.
-func IsStorageTrieNode(key []byte) (bool, common.Hash, []byte) {
-	if !bytes.HasPrefix(key, trieNodeStoragePrefix) {
-		return false, common.Hash{}, nil
-	}
-	// The remaining key consists of 2 parts:
-	// - 32 bytes account hash
-	// - hex node path whose length is in the range 0 to 64
-	if len(key) < len(trieNodeStoragePrefix)+common.HashLength {
-		return false, common.Hash{}, nil
-	}
-	if len(key) >= len(trieNodeStoragePrefix)+common.HashLength+common.HashLength*2 {
-		return false, common.Hash{}, nil
-	}
-	accountHash := common.BytesToHash(key[len(trieNodeStoragePrefix) : len(trieNodeStoragePrefix)+common.HashLength])
-	return true, accountHash, key[len(trieNodeStoragePrefix)+common.HashLength:]
-}

core/state/database.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/trienode"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ type Trie interface {
 	// The returned nodeset can be nil if the trie is clean(nothing to commit).
 	// Once the trie is committed, it's not usable anymore. A new trie must
 	// be created with new root and updated trie database for following usage
-	Commit(collectLeaf bool) (common.Hash, *trienode.NodeSet)
+	Commit(collectLeaf bool) (common.Hash, *trie.NodeSet)
 
 	// NodeIterator returns an iterator that returns nodes of the trie. Iteration
 	// starts at the key after the given start key.