This PR adds some health endpoints for the beacon node and the validator client.
Specifically it adds the endpoint:
`/lighthouse/ui/health`
These are not entirely stable yet. But provide a base for modification for our UI.
These also may have issues with various platforms and may need modification.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds clarification to an error log when there is an error submitting a validator registration.
There seems to be a few cases where relays return errors during validator registration, including spurious timeouts and when a validator has been very recently activated/made pending.
Changing this log helps indicate that it's "just another registration error" rather than something more serious. I didn't drop this to a `WARN` since I still have hope we can eliminate these errors completely by chatting with relays and adjusting timeouts.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
New lints for rust 1.65
## Proposed Changes
Notable change is the identification or parameters that are only used in recursion
## Additional Info
na
## Summary
The deposit cache now has the ability to finalize deposits. This will cause it to drop unneeded deposit logs and hashes in the deposit Merkle tree that are no longer required to construct deposit proofs. The cache is finalized whenever the latest finalized checkpoint has a new `Eth1Data` with all deposits imported.
This has three benefits:
1. Improves the speed of constructing Merkle proofs for deposits as we can just replay deposits since the last finalized checkpoint instead of all historical deposits when re-constructing the Merkle tree.
2. Significantly faster weak subjectivity sync as the deposit cache can be transferred to the newly syncing node in compressed form. The Merkle tree that stores `N` finalized deposits requires a maximum of `log2(N)` hashes. The newly syncing node then only needs to download deposits since the last finalized checkpoint to have a full tree.
3. Future proofing in preparation for [EIP-4444](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4444) as execution nodes will no longer be required to store logs permanently so we won't always have all historical logs available to us.
## More Details
Image to illustrate how the deposit contract merkle tree evolves and finalizes along with the resulting `DepositTreeSnapshot`
## Other Considerations
I've changed the structure of the `SszDepositCache` so once you load & save your database from this version of lighthouse, you will no longer be able to load it from older versions.
Co-authored-by: ethDreamer <37123614+ethDreamer@users.noreply.github.com>
## Issue Addressed
This reverts commit ca9dc8e094 (PR #3559) with some modifications.
## Proposed Changes
Unfortunately that PR introduced a performance regression in fork choice. The optimisation _intended_ to build the exit and pubkey caches on the head state _only if_ they were not already built. However, due to the head state always being cloned without these caches, we ended up building them every time the head changed, leading to a ~70ms+ penalty on mainnet.
fcfd02aeec/beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/canonical_head.rs (L633-L636)
I believe this is a severe enough regression to justify immediately releasing v3.2.1 with this change.
## Additional Info
I didn't fully revert #3559, because there were some unrelated deletions of dead code in that PR which I figured we may as well keep.
An alternative would be to clone the extra caches, but this likely still imposes some cost, so in the interest of applying a conservative fix quickly, I think reversion is the best approach. The optimisation from #3559 was not even optimising a particularly significant path, it was mostly for VCs running larger numbers of inactive keys. We can re-do it in the `tree-states` world where cache clones are cheap.
## Issue Addressed
While digging around in some logs I noticed that queries for validators by pubkey were taking 10ms+, which seemed too long. This was due to a loop through the entire validator registry for each lookup.
## Proposed Changes
Rather than using a loop through the register, this PR utilises the pubkey cache which is usually initialised at the head*. In case the cache isn't built, we fall back to the previous loop logic. In the vast majority of cases I expect the cache will be built, as the validator client queries at the `head` where all caches should be built.
## Additional Info
*I had to modify the cache build that runs after fork choice to build the pubkey cache. I think it had been optimised out, perhaps accidentally. I think it's preferable to have the exit cache and the pubkey cache built on the head state, as they are required for verifying deposits and exits respectively, and we may as well build them off the hot path of block processing. Previously they'd get built the first time a deposit or exit needed to be verified.
I've deleted the unused `map_state` function which was obsoleted by `map_state_and_execution_optimistic`.
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
With https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3214 we made it such that you can either have 1 auth endpoint or multiple non auth endpoints. Now that we are post merge on all networks (testnets and mainnet), we cannot progress a chain without a dedicated auth execution layer connection so there is no point in having a non-auth eth1-endpoint for syncing deposit cache.
This code removes all fallback related code in the eth1 service. We still keep the single non-auth endpoint since it's useful for testing.
## Additional Info
This removes all eth1 fallback related metrics that were relevant for the monitoring service, so we might need to change the api upstream.
## Issue Addressed
fixes lints from the last rust release
## Proposed Changes
Fix the lints, most of the lints by `clippy::question-mark` are false positives in the form of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/9518 so it's allowed for now
## Additional Info
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR removes duplicated block root computation.
Computing the `SignedBeaconBlock::canonical_root` has become more expensive since the merge as we need to compute the merke root of each transaction inside an `ExecutionPayload`.
Computing the root for [a mainnet block](https://beaconcha.in/slot/4704236) is taking ~10ms on my i7-8700K CPU @ 3.70GHz (no sha extensions). Given that our median seen-to-imported time for blocks is presently 300-400ms, removing a few duplicated block roots (~30ms) could represent an easy 10% improvement. When we consider that the seen-to-imported times include operations *after* the block has been placed in the early attester cache, we could expect the 30ms to be more significant WRT our seen-to-attestable times.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/222
## Proposed Changes
Update Lighthouse's randao verification API to match the `beacon-APIs` spec. We implemented the API before spec stabilisation, and it changed slightly in the course of review.
Rather than a flag `verify_randao` taking a boolean value, the new API uses a `skip_randao_verification` flag which takes no argument. The new spec also requires the randao reveal to be present and equal to the point-at-infinity when `skip_randao_verification` is set.
I've also updated the `POST /lighthouse/analysis/block_rewards` API to take blinded blocks as input, as the execution payload is irrelevant and we may want to assess blocks produced by builders.
## Additional Info
This is technically a breaking change, but seeing as I suspect I'm the only one using these parameters/APIs, I think we're OK to include this in a patch release.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3517
## Proposed Changes
Adds a `--builder-profit-threshold <wei value>` flag to the BN. If an external payload's value field is less than this value, the local payload will be used. The value of the local payload will not be checked (it can't really be checked until the engine API is updated to support this).
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
When requesting an index which is not active during `start_epoch`, Lighthouse returns:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/lighthouse/analysis/attestation_performance/999999999?start_epoch=100000&end_epoch=100000"
```
```json
{
"code": 500,
"message": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR: ParticipationCache(InvalidValidatorIndex(999999999))",
"stacktraces": []
}
```
This error occurs even when the index in question becomes active before `end_epoch` which is undesirable as it can prevent larger queries from completing.
## Proposed Changes
In the event the index is out-of-bounds (has not yet been activated), simply return all fields as `false`:
```
-> curl "http://localhost:5052/lighthouse/analysis/attestation_performance/999999999?start_epoch=100000&end_epoch=100000"
```
```json
[
{
"index": 999999999,
"epochs": {
"100000": {
"active": false,
"head": false,
"target": false,
"source": false
}
}
}
]
```
By doing this, we cover the case where a validator becomes active sometime between `start_epoch` and `end_epoch`.
## Additional Info
Note that this error only occurs for epochs after the Altair hard fork.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
As we've seen on Prater, there seems to be a correlation between these messages
```
WARN Not enough time for a discovery search subnet_id: ExactSubnet { subnet_id: SubnetId(19), slot: Slot(3742336) }, service: attestation_service
```
... and nodes falling 20-30 slots behind the head for short periods. These nodes are running ~20k Prater validators.
After running some metrics, I can see that the `network_recv` channel is processing ~250k `AttestationSubscribe` messages per minute. It occurred to me that perhaps the `AttestationSubscribe` messages are "washing out" the `SendRequest` and `SendResponse` messages. In this PR I separate the `AttestationSubscribe` and `SyncCommitteeSubscribe` messages into their own queue so the `tokio::select!` in the `NetworkService` can still process the other messages in the `network_recv` channel without necessarily having to clear all the subscription messages first.
~~I've also added filter to the HTTP API to prevent duplicate subscriptions going to the network service.~~
## Additional Info
- Currently being tested on Prater
## Proposed Changes
This PR has two aims: to speed up attestation packing in the op pool, and to fix bugs in the verification of attester slashings, proposer slashings and voluntary exits. The changes are bundled into a single database schema upgrade (v12).
Attestation packing is sped up by removing several inefficiencies:
- No more recalculation of `attesting_indices` during packing.
- No (unnecessary) examination of the `ParticipationFlags`: a bitfield suffices. See `RewardCache`.
- No re-checking of attestation validity during packing: the `AttestationMap` provides attestations which are "correct by construction" (I have checked this using Hydra).
- No SSZ re-serialization for the clunky `AttestationId` type (it can be removed in a future release).
So far the speed-up seems to be roughly 2-10x, from 500ms down to 50-100ms.
Verification of attester slashings, proposer slashings and voluntary exits is fixed by:
- Tracking the `ForkVersion`s that were used to verify each message inside the `SigVerifiedOp`. This allows us to quickly re-verify that they match the head state's opinion of what the `ForkVersion` should be at the epoch(s) relevant to the message.
- Storing the `SigVerifiedOp` on disk rather than the raw operation. This allows us to continue track the fork versions after a reboot.
This is mostly contained in this commit 52bb1840ae5c4356a8fc3a51e5df23ed65ed2c7f.
## Additional Info
The schema upgrade uses the justified state to re-verify attestations and compute `attesting_indices` for them. It will drop any attestations that fail to verify, by the logic that attestations are most valuable in the few slots after they're observed, and are probably stale and useless by the time a node restarts. Exits and proposer slashings and similarly re-verified to obtain `SigVerifiedOp`s.
This PR contains a runtime killswitch `--paranoid-block-proposal` which opts out of all the optimisations in favour of closely verifying every included message. Although I'm quite sure that the optimisations are correct this flag could be useful in the event of an unforeseen emergency.
Finally, you might notice that the `RewardCache` appears quite useless in its current form because it is only updated on the hot-path immediately before proposal. My hope is that in future we can shift calls to `RewardCache::update` into the background, e.g. while performing the state advance. It is also forward-looking to `tree-states` compatibility, where iterating and indexing `state.{previous,current}_epoch_participation` is expensive and needs to be minimised.
## Issue Addressed
#3465
## Proposed Changes
Filter out any validator registrations for validators that are not `active` or `pending`. I'm adding this filtering the beacon node because all the information is readily available there. In other parts of the VC we are usually sending per-validator requests based on duties from the BN. And duties will only be provided for active validators so we don't have this type of filtering elsewhere in the VC.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Fix clippy lints for latest rust version 1.63. I have allowed the [derive_partial_eq_without_eq](https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#derive_partial_eq_without_eq) lint as satisfying this lint would result in more code that we might not want and I feel it's not required.
Happy to fix this lint across lighthouse if required though.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3388Resolves#2638
## Proposed Changes
- Return the `BellatrixPreset` on `/eth/v1/config/spec` by default.
- Allow users to opt out of this by providing `--http-spec-fork=altair` (unless there's a Bellatrix fork epoch set).
- Add the Altair constants from #2638 and make serving the constants non-optional (the `http-disable-legacy-spec` flag is deprecated).
- Modify the VC to only read the `Config` and not to log extra fields. This prevents it from having to muck around parsing the `ConfigAndPreset` fields it doesn't need.
## Additional Info
This change is backwards-compatible for the VC and the BN, but is marked as a breaking change for the removal of `--http-disable-legacy-spec`.
I tried making `Config` a `superstruct` too, but getting the automatic decoding to work was a huge pain and was going to require a lot of hacks, so I gave up in favour of keeping the default-based approach we have now.
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#3266
## Proposed Changes
Return 200 OK rather than an error when a block, attestation or sync message is already known.
Presently, we will log return an error which causes a BN to go "offline" from the VCs perspective which causes the fallback mechanism to do work to try and avoid and upcheck offline nodes. This can be observed as instability in the `vc_beacon_nodes_available_count` metric.
The current behaviour also causes scary logs for the user. There's nothing to *actually* be concerned about when we see duplicate messages, this can happen on fallback systems (see code comments).
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Resolves https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3394
Adds a check in `is_healthy` about whether the head is optimistic when choosing whether to use the builder network.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
#3418
## Proposed Changes
- Remove `eth/v2/validator/blinded_blocks/{slot}` as this endpoint does not exist in the spec.
- Return `version` in the `eth/v1/validator/blinded_blocks/{slot}` endpoint.
## Additional Info
Since this removes the `v2` endpoint, this is *technically* a breaking change, but as this does not exist in the spec users may or may not be relying on this.
Depending on what we feel is appropriate, I'm happy to edit this so we keep the `v2` endpoint for now but simply bring the `v1` endpoint in line with `v2`.
## Issue Addressed
https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/issues/3930
## Proposed Changes
We can trivially support beacon nodes which do not provide the `is_optimistic` field by wrapping the field in an `Option`.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR will make Lighthouse return blocks with invalid payloads via the API with `execution_optimistic = true`. This seems a bit awkward, however I think it's better than returning a 404 or some other error.
Let's consider the case where the only possible head is invalid (#3370 deals with this). In such a scenario all of the duties endpoints will start failing because the head is invalid. I think it would be better if the duties endpoints continue to work, because it's likely that even though the head is invalid the duties are still based upon valid blocks and we want the VC to have them cached. There's no risk to the VC here because we won't actually produce an attestation pointing to an invalid head.
Ultimately, I don't think it's particularly important for us to distinguish between optimistic and invalid blocks on the API. Neither should be trusted and the only *real* reason that we track this is so we can try and fork around the invalid blocks.
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #3370~~
## Issue Addressed
https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3091
Extends https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3062, adding pre-bellatrix block support on blinded endpoints and allowing the normal proposal flow (local payload construction) on blinded endpoints. This resulted in better fallback logic because the VC will not have to switch endpoints on failure in the BN <> Builder API, the BN can just fallback immediately and without repeating block processing that it shouldn't need to. We can also keep VC fallback from the VC<>BN API's blinded endpoint to full endpoint.
## Proposed Changes
- Pre-bellatrix blocks on blinded endpoints
- Add a new `PayloadCache` to the execution layer
- Better fallback-from-builder logic
## Todos
- [x] Remove VC transition logic
- [x] Add logic to only enable builder flow after Merge transition finalization
- [x] Tests
- [x] Fix metrics
- [x] Rustdocs
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
There are scenarios where the only viable head will have an invalid execution payload, in this scenario the `get_head` function on `proto_array` will return an error. We must recover from this scenario by importing blocks from the network.
This PR stops `BeaconChain::recompute_head` from returning an error so that we can't accidentally start down-scoring peers or aborting block import just because the current head has an invalid payload.
## Reviewer Notes
The following changes are included:
1. Allow `fork_choice.get_head` to fail gracefully in `BeaconChain::process_block` when trying to update the `early_attester_cache`; simply don't add the block to the cache rather than aborting the entire process.
1. Don't return an error from `BeaconChain::recompute_head_at_current_slot` and `BeaconChain::recompute_head` to defensively prevent calling functions from aborting any process just because the fork choice function failed to run.
- This should have practically no effect, since most callers were still continuing if recomputing the head failed.
- The outlier is that the API will return 200 rather than a 500 when fork choice fails.
1. Add the `ProtoArrayForkChoice::set_all_blocks_to_optimistic` function to recover from the scenario where we've rebooted and the persisted fork choice has an invalid head.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3151
## Proposed Changes
When fetching duties for sync committee contributions, check the value of `execution_optimistic` of the head block from the BN and refuse to sign any sync committee messages `if execution_optimistic == true`.
## Additional Info
- Is backwards compatible with older BNs
- Finding a way to add test coverage for this would be prudent. Open to suggestions.
## Issue Addressed
As specified in the [Beacon Chain API specs](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/blob/master/apis/node/syncing.yaml#L32-L35) we should return `is_optimistic` as part of the response to a query for the `eth/v1/node/syncing` endpoint.
## Proposed Changes
Compute the optimistic status of the head and add it to the `SyncingData` response.
## Issue Addressed
Add a flag that optionally enables unrealized vote tracking. Would like to test out on testnets and benchmark differences in methods of vote tracking. This PR includes a DB schema upgrade to enable to new vote tracking style.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: sean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
## Issue Addressed
#3031
## Proposed Changes
Updates the following API endpoints to conform with https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/190 and https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/196
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/root`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/fork`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/finality_checkpoints`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/validators`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/validators/{validator_id}`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/validator_balances`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/committees`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/sync_committees`
- [x] `beacon/headers`
- [x] `beacon/headers/{block_id}`
- [x] `beacon/blocks/{block_id}`
- [x] `beacon/blocks/{block_id}/root`
- [x] `beacon/blocks/{block_id}/attestations`
- [x] `debug/beacon/states/{state_id}`
- [x] `debug/beacon/heads`
- [x] `validator/duties/attester/{epoch}`
- [x] `validator/duties/proposer/{epoch}`
- [x] `validator/duties/sync/{epoch}`
Updates the following Server-Sent Events:
- [x] `events?topics=head`
- [x] `events?topics=block`
- [x] `events?topics=finalized_checkpoint`
- [x] `events?topics=chain_reorg`
## Backwards Incompatible
There is a very minor breaking change with the way the API now handles requests to `beacon/blocks/{block_id}/root` and `beacon/states/{state_id}/root` when `block_id` or `state_id` is the `Root` variant of `BlockId` and `StateId` respectively.
Previously a request to a non-existent root would simply echo the root back to the requester:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/states/0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/root"
{"data":{"root":"0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"}}
```
Now it will return a `404`:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/root"
{"code":404,"message":"NOT_FOUND: beacon block with root 0xaaaa…aaaa","stacktraces":[]}
```
In addition to this is the block root `0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000` previously would return the genesis block. It will now return a `404`:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
{"code":404,"message":"NOT_FOUND: beacon block with root 0x0000…0000","stacktraces":[]}
```
## Additional Info
- `execution_optimistic` is always set, and will return `false` pre-Bellatrix. I am also open to the idea of doing something like `#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]`.
- The value of `execution_optimistic` is set to `false` where possible. Any computation that is reliant on the `head` will simply use the `ExecutionStatus` of the head (unless the head block is pre-Bellatrix).
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
Follow up to https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3290 that fixes a caching bug
## Proposed Changes
Build the committee cache for the new `POST /lighthouse/analysis/block_rewards` API. Due to an unusual quirk of the total active balance cache the API endpoint would sometimes fail after loading a state from disk which had a current epoch cache _but not_ a total active balance cache. This PR adds calls to build the caches immediately before they're required, and has been running smoothly with `blockdreamer` the last few days.
## Issue Addressed
Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3270
## Proposed Changes
Optimize the calculation of historic beacon committees in the HTTP API.
This is achieved by allowing committee caches to be constructed for historic epochs, and constructing these committee caches on the fly in the API. This is much faster than reconstructing the state at the requested epoch, which usually takes upwards of 20s, and sometimes minutes with SPRP=8192. The depth of the `randao_mixes` array allows us to look back 64K epochs/0.8 years from a single state, which is pretty awesome!
We always use the `state_id` provided by the caller, but will return a nice 400 error if the epoch requested is out of range for the state requested, e.g.
```bash
# Prater
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/states/3170304/committees?epoch=33538"
```
```json
{"code":400,"message":"BAD_REQUEST: epoch out of bounds, try state at slot 1081344","stacktraces":[]}
```
Queries will be fastest when aligned to `slot % SPRP == 0`, so the hint suggests a slot that is 0 mod 8192.
## Overview
This rather extensive PR achieves two primary goals:
1. Uses the finalized/justified checkpoints of fork choice (FC), rather than that of the head state.
2. Refactors fork choice, block production and block processing to `async` functions.
Additionally, it achieves:
- Concurrent forkchoice updates to the EL and cache pruning after a new head is selected.
- Concurrent "block packing" (attestations, etc) and execution payload retrieval during block production.
- Concurrent per-block-processing and execution payload verification during block processing.
- The `Arc`-ification of `SignedBeaconBlock` during block processing (it's never mutated, so why not?):
- I had to do this to deal with sending blocks into spawned tasks.
- Previously we were cloning the beacon block at least 2 times during each block processing, these clones are either removed or turned into cheaper `Arc` clones.
- We were also `Box`-ing and un-`Box`-ing beacon blocks as they moved throughout the networking crate. This is not a big deal, but it's nice to avoid shifting things between the stack and heap.
- Avoids cloning *all the blocks* in *every chain segment* during sync.
- It also has the potential to clean up our code where we need to pass an *owned* block around so we can send it back in the case of an error (I didn't do much of this, my PR is already big enough 😅)
- The `BeaconChain::HeadSafetyStatus` struct was removed. It was an old relic from prior merge specs.
For motivation for this change, see https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3244#issuecomment-1160963273
## Changes to `canonical_head` and `fork_choice`
Previously, the `BeaconChain` had two separate fields:
```
canonical_head: RwLock<Snapshot>,
fork_choice: RwLock<BeaconForkChoice>
```
Now, we have grouped these values under a single struct:
```
canonical_head: CanonicalHead {
cached_head: RwLock<Arc<Snapshot>>,
fork_choice: RwLock<BeaconForkChoice>
}
```
Apart from ergonomics, the only *actual* change here is wrapping the canonical head snapshot in an `Arc`. This means that we no longer need to hold the `cached_head` (`canonical_head`, in old terms) lock when we want to pull some values from it. This was done to avoid deadlock risks by preventing functions from acquiring (and holding) the `cached_head` and `fork_choice` locks simultaneously.
## Breaking Changes
### The `state` (root) field in the `finalized_checkpoint` SSE event
Consider the scenario where epoch `n` is just finalized, but `start_slot(n)` is skipped. There are two state roots we might in the `finalized_checkpoint` SSE event:
1. The state root of the finalized block, which is `get_block(finalized_checkpoint.root).state_root`.
4. The state root at slot of `start_slot(n)`, which would be the state from (1), but "skipped forward" through any skip slots.
Previously, Lighthouse would choose (2). However, we can see that when [Teku generates that event](de2b2801c8/data/beaconrestapi/src/main/java/tech/pegasys/teku/beaconrestapi/handlers/v1/events/EventSubscriptionManager.java (L171-L182)) it uses [`getStateRootFromBlockRoot`](de2b2801c8/data/provider/src/main/java/tech/pegasys/teku/api/ChainDataProvider.java (L336-L341)) which uses (1).
I have switched Lighthouse from (2) to (1). I think it's a somewhat arbitrary choice between the two, where (1) is easier to compute and is consistent with Teku.
## Notes for Reviewers
I've renamed `BeaconChain::fork_choice` to `BeaconChain::recompute_head`. Doing this helped ensure I broke all previous uses of fork choice and I also find it more descriptive. It describes an action and can't be confused with trying to get a reference to the `ForkChoice` struct.
I've changed the ordering of SSE events when a block is received. It used to be `[block, finalized, head]` and now it's `[block, head, finalized]`. It was easier this way and I don't think we were making any promises about SSE event ordering so it's not "breaking".
I've made it so fork choice will run when it's first constructed. I did this because I wanted to have a cached version of the last call to `get_head`. Ensuring `get_head` has been run *at least once* means that the cached values doesn't need to wrapped in an `Option`. This was fairly simple, it just involved passing a `slot` to the constructor so it knows *when* it's being run. When loading a fork choice from the store and a slot clock isn't handy I've just used the `slot` that was saved in the `fork_choice_store`. That seems like it would be a faithful representation of the slot when we saved it.
I added the `genesis_time: u64` to the `BeaconChain`. It's small, constant and nice to have around.
Since we're using FC for the fin/just checkpoints, we no longer get the `0x00..00` roots at genesis. You can see I had to remove a work-around in `ef-tests` here: b56be3bc2. I can't find any reason why this would be an issue, if anything I think it'll be better since the genesis-alias has caught us out a few times (0x00..00 isn't actually a real root). Edit: I did find a case where the `network` expected the 0x00..00 alias and patched it here: 3f26ac3e2.
You'll notice a lot of changes in tests. Generally, tests should be functionally equivalent. Here are the things creating the most diff-noise in tests:
- Changing tests to be `tokio::async` tests.
- Adding `.await` to fork choice, block processing and block production functions.
- Refactor of the `canonical_head` "API" provided by the `BeaconChain`. E.g., `chain.canonical_head.cached_head()` instead of `chain.canonical_head.read()`.
- Wrapping `SignedBeaconBlock` in an `Arc`.
- In the `beacon_chain/tests/block_verification`, we can't use the `lazy_static` `CHAIN_SEGMENT` variable anymore since it's generated with an async function. We just generate it in each test, not so efficient but hopefully insignificant.
I had to disable `rayon` concurrent tests in the `fork_choice` tests. This is because the use of `rayon` and `block_on` was causing a panic.
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
## Issue Addressed
Lays the groundwork for builder API changes by implementing the beacon-API's new `register_validator` endpoint
## Proposed Changes
- Add a routine in the VC that runs on startup (re-try until success), once per epoch or whenever `suggested_fee_recipient` is updated, signing `ValidatorRegistrationData` and sending it to the BN.
- TODO: `gas_limit` config options https://github.com/ethereum/builder-specs/issues/17
- BN only sends VC registration data to builders on demand, but VC registration data *does update* the BN's prepare proposer cache and send an updated fcU to a local EE. This is necessary for fee recipient consistency between the blinded and full block flow in the event of fallback. Having the BN only send registration data to builders on demand gives feedback directly to the VC about relay status. Also, since the BN has no ability to sign these messages anyways (so couldn't refresh them if it wanted), and validator registration is independent of the BN head, I think this approach makes sense.
- Adds upcoming consensus spec changes for this PR https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2884
- I initially applied the bit mask based on a configured application domain.. but I ended up just hard coding it here instead because that's how it's spec'd in the builder repo.
- Should application mask appear in the api?
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
Add a new HTTP endpoint `POST /lighthouse/analysis/block_rewards` which takes a vec of `BeaconBlock`s as input and outputs the `BlockReward`s for them.
Augment the `BlockReward` struct with the attestation data for attestations in the block, which simplifies access to this information from blockprint. Using attestation data I've been able to make blockprint up to 95% accurate across Prysm/Lighthouse/Teku/Nimbus. I hope to go even higher using a bunch of synthetic blocks produced for Prysm/Nimbus/Lodestar, which are underrepresented in the current training data.
## Proposed Changes
Expand the set of paths tracked by the HTTP API metrics to include all paths hit by the validator client.
These paths were only partially updated for Altair, so we were missing some of the sync committee and v2 APIs.
## Issue Addressed
Upcoming spec change https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2878
## Proposed Changes
1. Run fork choice at the start of every slot, and wait for this run to complete before proposing a block.
2. As an optimisation, also run fork choice 3/4 of the way through the slot (at 9s), _dequeueing attestations for the next slot_.
3. Remove the fork choice run from the state advance timer that occurred before advancing the state.
## Additional Info
### Block Proposal Accuracy
This change makes us more likely to propose on top of the correct head in the presence of re-orgs with proposer boost in play. The main scenario that this change is designed to address is described in the linked spec issue.
### Attestation Accuracy
This change _also_ makes us more likely to attest to the correct head. Currently in the case of a skipped slot at `slot` we only run fork choice 9s into `slot - 1`. This means the attestations from `slot - 1` aren't taken into consideration, and any boost applied to the block from `slot - 1` is not removed (it should be). In the language of the linked spec issue, this means we are liable to attest to C, even when the majority voting weight has already caused a re-org to B.
### Why remove the call before the state advance?
If we've run fork choice at the start of the slot then it has already dequeued all the attestations from the previous slot, which are the only ones eligible to influence the head in the current slot. Running fork choice again is unnecessary (unless we run it for the next slot and try to pre-empt a re-org, but I don't currently think this is a great idea).
### Performance
Based on Prater testing this adds about 5-25ms of runtime to block proposal times, which are 500-1000ms on average (and spike to 5s+ sometimes due to state handling issues 😢 ). I believe this is a small enough penalty to enable it by default, with the option to disable it via the new flag `--fork-choice-before-proposal-timeout 0`. Upcoming work on block packing and state representation will also reduce block production times in general, while removing the spikes.
### Implementation
Fork choice gets invoked at the start of the slot via the `per_slot_task` function called from the slot timer. It then uses a condition variable to signal to block production that fork choice has been updated. This is a bit funky, but it seems to work. One downside of the timer-based approach is that it doesn't happen automatically in most of the tests. The test added by this PR has to trigger the run manually.
# Description
Since the `TaskExecutor` currently requires a `Weak<Runtime>`, it's impossible to use it in an async test where the `Runtime` is created outside our scope. Whilst we *could* create a new `Runtime` instance inside the async test, dropping that `Runtime` would cause a panic (you can't drop a `Runtime` in an async context).
To address this issue, this PR creates the `enum Handle`, which supports either:
- A `Weak<Runtime>` (for use in our production code)
- A `Handle` to a runtime (for use in testing)
In theory, there should be no change to the behaviour of our production code (beyond some slightly different descriptions in HTTP 500 errors), or even our tests. If there is no change, you might ask *"why bother?"*. There are two PRs (#3070 and #3175) that are waiting on these fixes to introduce some new tests. Since we've added the EL to the `BeaconChain` (for the merge), we are now doing more async stuff in tests.
I've also added a `RuntimeExecutor` to the `BeaconChainTestHarness`. Whilst that's not immediately useful, it will become useful in the near future with all the new async testing.
Code simplifications using `Option`/`Result` combinators to make pattern-matches a tad simpler.
Opinions on these loosely held, happy to adjust in review.
Tool-aided by [comby-rust](https://github.com/huitseeker/comby-rust).
## Proposed Changes
Reduce post-merge disk usage by not storing finalized execution payloads in Lighthouse's database.
⚠️ **This is achieved in a backwards-incompatible way for networks that have already merged** ⚠️. Kiln users and shadow fork enjoyers will be unable to downgrade after running the code from this PR. The upgrade migration may take several minutes to run, and can't be aborted after it begins.
The main changes are:
- New column in the database called `ExecPayload`, keyed by beacon block root.
- The `BeaconBlock` column now stores blinded blocks only.
- Lots of places that previously used full blocks now use blinded blocks, e.g. analytics APIs, block replay in the DB, etc.
- On finalization:
- `prune_abanonded_forks` deletes non-canonical payloads whilst deleting non-canonical blocks.
- `migrate_db` deletes finalized canonical payloads whilst deleting finalized states.
- Conversions between blinded and full blocks are implemented in a compositional way, duplicating some work from Sean's PR #3134.
- The execution layer has a new `get_payload_by_block_hash` method that reconstructs a payload using the EE's `eth_getBlockByHash` call.
- I've tested manually that it works on Kiln, using Geth and Nethermind.
- This isn't necessarily the most efficient method, and new engine APIs are being discussed to improve this: https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/146.
- We're depending on the `ethers` master branch, due to lots of recent changes. We're also using a workaround for https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/1134.
- Payload reconstruction is used in the HTTP API via `BeaconChain::get_block`, which is now `async`. Due to the `async` fn, the `blocking_json` wrapper has been removed.
- Payload reconstruction is used in network RPC to serve blocks-by-{root,range} responses. Here the `async` adjustment is messier, although I think I've managed to come up with a reasonable compromise: the handlers take the `SendOnDrop` by value so that they can drop it on _task completion_ (after the `fn` returns). Still, this is introducing disk reads onto core executor threads, which may have a negative performance impact (thoughts appreciated).
## Additional Info
- [x] For performance it would be great to remove the cloning of full blocks when converting them to blinded blocks to write to disk. I'm going to experiment with a `put_block` API that takes the block by value, breaks it into a blinded block and a payload, stores the blinded block, and then re-assembles the full block for the caller.
- [x] We should measure the latency of blocks-by-root and blocks-by-range responses.
- [x] We should add integration tests that stress the payload reconstruction (basic tests done, issue for more extensive tests: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3159)
- [x] We should (manually) test the schema v9 migration from several prior versions, particularly as blocks have changed on disk and some migrations rely on being able to load blocks.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Disallow the production of attestations and retrieval of unaggregated attestations when they reference an optimistic head. Add tests to this end.
I also moved `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation_for_block` to the `BeaconChainHarness`. It was only being used during tests, so it's nice to stop pretending it's production code. I also needed something that could produce attestations to optimistic blocks in order to simulate scenarios where the justified checkpoint is determined invalid (if no one would attest to an optimistic block, we could never justify it and then flip it to invalid).
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #3126~~
## Proposed Changes
I did some gardening 🌳 in our dependency tree:
- Remove duplicate versions of `warp` (git vs patch)
- Remove duplicate versions of lots of small deps: `cpufeatures`, `ethabi`, `ethereum-types`, `bitvec`, `nix`, `libsecp256k1`.
- Update MDBX (should resolve#3028). I tested and Lighthouse compiles on Windows 11 now.
- Restore `psutil` back to upstream
- Make some progress updating everything to rand 0.8. There are a few crates stuck on 0.7.
Hopefully this puts us on a better footing for future `cargo audit` issues, and improves compile times slightly.
## Additional Info
Some crates are held back by issues with `zeroize`. libp2p-noise depends on [`chacha20poly1305`](https://crates.io/crates/chacha20poly1305) which depends on zeroize < v1.5, and we can only have one version of zeroize because it's post 1.0 (see https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/6584). The latest version of `zeroize` is v1.5.4, which is used by the new versions of many other crates (e.g. `num-bigint-dig`). Once a new version of chacha20poly1305 is released we can update libp2p-noise and upgrade everything to the latest `zeroize` version.
I've also opened a PR to `blst` related to zeroize: https://github.com/supranational/blst/pull/111
## Proposed Changes
Increase the default `--slots-per-restore-point` to 8192 for a 4x reduction in freezer DB disk usage.
Existing nodes that use the previous default of 2048 will be left unchanged. Newly synced nodes (with or without checkpoint sync) will use the new 8192 default.
Long-term we could do away with the freezer DB entirely for validator-only nodes, but this change is much simpler and grants us some extra space in the short term. We can also roll it out gradually across our nodes by purging databases one by one, while keeping the Ansible config the same.
## Additional Info
We ignore a change from 2048 to 8192 if the user hasn't set the 8192 explicitly. We fire a debug log in the case where we do ignore:
```
DEBG Ignoring slots-per-restore-point config in favour of on-disk value, on_disk: 2048, config: 8192
```
## Issue Addressed
MEV boost compatibility
## Proposed Changes
See #2987
## Additional Info
This is blocked on the stabilization of a couple specs, [here](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/194) and [here](https://github.com/flashbots/mev-boost/pull/20).
Additional TODO's and outstanding questions
- [ ] MEV boost JWT Auth
- [ ] Will `builder_proposeBlindedBlock` return the revealed payload for the BN to propogate
- [ ] Should we remove `private-tx-proposals` flag and communicate BN <> VC with blinded blocks by default once these endpoints enter the beacon-API's repo? This simplifies merge transition logic.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
Allow Lighthouse to speculatively create blocks via the `/eth/v1/validators/blocks` endpoint by optionally skipping the RANDAO verification that we introduced in #2740. When `verify_randao=false` is passed as a query parameter the `randao_reveal` is not required to be present, and if present will only be lightly checked (must be a valid BLS sig). If `verify_randao` is omitted it defaults to true and Lighthouse behaves exactly as it did previously, hence this PR is backwards-compatible.
I'd like to get this change into `unstable` pretty soon as I've got 3 projects building on top of it:
- [`blockdreamer`](https://github.com/michaelsproul/blockdreamer), which mocks block production every slot in order to fingerprint clients
- analysis of Lighthouse's block packing _optimality_, which uses `blockdreamer` to extract interesting instances of the attestation packing problem
- analysis of Lighthouse's block packing _performance_ (as in speed) on the `tree-states` branch
## Additional Info
Having tested `blockdreamer` with Prysm, Nimbus and Teku I noticed that none of them verify the randao signature on `/eth/v1/validator/blocks`. I plan to open a PR to the `beacon-APIs` repo anyway so that this parameter can be standardised in case the other clients add RANDAO verification by default in future.
## Issue Addressed
#3103
## Proposed Changes
Parse `http-address` and `metrics-address` as `IpAddr` for both the beacon node and validator client to support IPv6 addresses.
Also adjusts parsing of CORS origins to allow for IPv6 addresses.
## Usage
You can now set `http-address` and/or `metrics-address` flags to IPv6 addresses.
For example, the following:
`lighthouse bn --http --http-address :: --metrics --metrics-address ::1`
will expose the beacon node HTTP server on `[::]` (equivalent of `0.0.0.0` in IPv4) and the metrics HTTP server on `localhost` (the equivalent of `127.0.0.1` in IPv4)
The beacon node API can then be accessed by:
`curl "http://[server-ipv6-address]:5052/eth/v1/some_endpoint"`
And the metrics server api can be accessed by:
`curl "http://localhost:5054/metrics"` or by `curl "http://[::1]:5054/metrics"`
## Additional Info
On most Linux distributions the `v6only` flag is set to `false` by default (see the section for the `IPV6_V6ONLY` flag in https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/ipv6.7.html) which means IPv4 connections will continue to function on a IPv6 address (providing it is appropriately mapped). This means that even if the Lighthouse API is running on `::` it is also possible to accept IPv4 connections.
However on Windows, this is not the case. The `v6only` flag is set to `true` so binding to `::` will only allow IPv6 connections.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2936
## Proposed Changes
Adds functionality for calling [`validator/prepare_beacon_proposer`](https://ethereum.github.io/beacon-APIs/?urls.primaryName=dev#/Validator/prepareBeaconProposer) in advance.
There is a `BeaconChain::prepare_beacon_proposer` method which, which called, computes the proposer for the next slot. If that proposer has been registered via the `validator/prepare_beacon_proposer` API method, then the `beacon_chain.execution_layer` will be provided the `PayloadAttributes` for us in all future forkchoiceUpdated calls. An artificial forkchoiceUpdated call will be created 4s before each slot, when the head updates and when a validator updates their information.
Additionally, I added strict ordering for calls from the `BeaconChain` to the `ExecutionLayer`. I'm not certain the `ExecutionLayer` will always maintain this ordering, but it's a good start to have consistency from the `BeaconChain`. There are some deadlock opportunities introduced, they are documented in the code.
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #2837~~
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@GMAIL.com>
