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Describe built-in Julia functions
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Alex Beregszaszi
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docs/julia.rst
164
docs/julia.rst
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ for-loops, switch-statements, expressions and assignments to variables.
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JULIA in itself does not even provide operators. If the EVM is targeted,
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opcodes will be available as built-in functions, but they can be reimplemented
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if the backend changes.
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if the backend changes. For a list of mandatory built-in functions, see the section below.
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The following example program assumes that the EVM opcodes ``mul``, ``div``
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and ``mod`` are available either natively or as functions and computes exponentiation.
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@ -187,3 +187,165 @@ For ``(S1, z) = E(S, y)`` let ``(S2, w) = E(S1, x)``. TODO
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where hex is the hexadecimal decoding function
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E(G, L, n: DecimalNumber) = G, L, dec(n),
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where dec is the decimal decoding function
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Low-level Functions
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-------------------
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The following functions must be available:
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Arithmetics* |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| add256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x + y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sub256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x - y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mul256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x * y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| div256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x / y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sdiv256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x / y, for signed numbers in two's complement |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mod256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x % y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| smod256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x % y, for signed numbers in two's complement |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| signextend256(i:256, x:256) -> z:256 | sign extend from (i*8+7)th bit counting from least significant |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| exp256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | x to the power of y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| addmod256(x:256, y:256, m:256) -> z:256 | (x + y) % m with arbitrary precision arithmetics |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mulmod256(x:256, y:256, m:256) -> z:256 | (x * y) % m with arbitrary precision arithmetics |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| lt256(x:256, y:256) -> z:bool | 1 if x < y, 0 otherwise |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| gt256(x:256, y:256) -> z:bool | 1 if x > y, 0 otherwise |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| slt256(x:256, y:256) -> z:bool | 1 if x < y, 0 otherwise, for signed numbers in two's complement |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sgt256(x:256, y:256) -> z:bool | 1 if x > y, 0 otherwise, for signed numbers in two's complement |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| eq256(x:256, y:256) -> z:bool | 1 if x == y, 0 otherwise |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| not256(x:256) -> z:256 | ~x, every bit of x is negated |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| and256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | bitwise and of x and y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| or256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | bitwise or of x and y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| xor256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | bitwise xor of x and y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| shl256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | logical left shift of x by y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| shr256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | logical right shift of x by y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sar256(x:256, y:256) -> z:256 | arithmetic right shift of x by y |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| byte(n:256, x:256) -> v:256 | nth byte of x, where the most significant byte is the 0th byte |
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| Cannot this be just replaced by and256(shr256(n, x), 0xff) and let it be optimised out by the EVM backend? |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Memory and storage* |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mload(p:256) -> v:256 | mem[p..(p+32)) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mstore(p:256, v:256) | mem[p..(p+32)) := v |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| mstore8(p:256, v:256) | mem[p] := v & 0xff - only modifies a single byte |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sload(p:256) -> v:256 | storage[p] |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sstore(p:256, v:256) | storage[p] := v |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| msize() -> size:256 | size of memory, i.e. largest accessed memory index, albeit due |
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| | due to the memory extension function, which extends by words, |
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| | this will always be a multiple of 32 bytes |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Execution control* |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| create(v:256, p:256, s:256) | create new contract with code mem[p..(p+s)) and send v wei |
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| | and return the new address |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| call(g:256, a:256, v:256, in:256, | call contract at address a with input mem[in..(in+insize)) |
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| insize:256, out:256, outsize:256) -> r:256 | providing g gas and v wei and output area |
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| | mem[out..(out+outsize)) returning 0 on error (eg. out of gas) |
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| | and 1 on success |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| callcode(g:256, a:256, v:256, in:256, | identical to `call` but only use the code from a and stay |
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| insize:256, out:256, outsize:256) -> r:256 | in the context of the current contract otherwise |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| delegatecall(g:256, a:256, in:256, | identical to `callcode` but also keep ``caller`` |
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| insize:256, out:256, outsize:256) -> r:256 | and ``callvalue`` |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| stop() | stop execution, identical to return(0,0) |
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| Perhaps it would make sense retiring this as it equals to return(0,0). It can be an optimisation by the EVM |
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| backend. |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| abort() | abort (equals to invalid instruction on EVM) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| return(p:256, s:256) | end execution, return data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| revert(p:256, s:256) | end execution, revert state changes, return data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| selfdestruct(a:256) | end execution, destroy current contract and send funds to a |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| log0(p:256, s:256) | log without topics and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| log1(p:256, s:256, t1:256) | log with topic t1 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| log2(p:256, s:256, t1:256, t2:256) | log with topics t1, t2 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| log3(p:256, s:256, t1:256, t2:256, | log with topics t, t2, t3 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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| t3:256) | |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| log4(p:256, s:256, t1:256, t2:256, | log with topics t1, t2, t3, t4 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
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| t3:256, t4:256) | |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *State queries* |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| blockcoinbase() -> address:256 | current mining beneficiary |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| blockdifficulty() -> difficulty:256 | difficulty of the current block |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| blockgaslimit() -> limit:256 | block gas limit of the current block |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| blockhash(b:256) -> hash:256 | hash of block nr b - only for last 256 blocks excluding current |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| blocknumber() -> block:256 | current block number |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| blocktimestamp() -> timestamp:256 | timestamp of the current block in seconds since the epoch |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| txorigin() -> address:256 | transaction sender |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| txgasprice() -> price:256 | gas price of the transaction |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| gasleft() -> gas:256 | gas still available to execution |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| balance(a:256) -> v:256 | wei balance at address a |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| this() -> address:256 | address of the current contract / execution context |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| caller() -> address:256 | call sender (excluding delegatecall) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| callvalue() -> v:256 | wei sent together with the current call |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| calldataload(p:256) -> v:256 | call data starting from position p (32 bytes) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| calldatasize() -> v:256 | size of call data in bytes |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| calldatacopy(t:256, f:256, s:256) | copy s bytes from calldata at position f to mem at position t |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| codesize() -> size:256 | size of the code of the current contract / execution context |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| codecopy(t:256, f:256, s:256) | copy s bytes from code at position f to mem at position t |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| extcodesize(a:256) -> size:256 | size of the code at address a |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| extcodecopy(a:256, t:256, f:256, s:256) | like codecopy(t, f, s) but take code at address a |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Others* |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| discard256(unused:256) | discard value |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sha3(p:256, s:256) -> v:256 | keccak(mem[p...(p+s))) |
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+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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