It is a well-known fact that IP addresses for beacon nodes used by specific validators can be de-anonymized. There is an assumed risk that a malicious user may attempt to DOS validators when producing blocks to prevent chain growth/liveness.
Although there are a number of ideas put forward to address this, there a few simple approaches we can take to mitigate this risk.
Currently, a Lighthouse user is able to set a number of beacon-nodes that their validator client can connect to. If one beacon node is taken offline, it can fallback to another. Different beacon nodes can use VPNs or rotate IPs in order to mask their IPs.
This PR provides an additional setup option which further mitigates attacks of this kind.
This PR introduces a CLI flag --proposer-only to the beacon node. Setting this flag will configure the beacon node to run with minimal peers and crucially will not subscribe to subnets or sync committees. Therefore nodes of this kind should not be identified as nodes connected to validators of any kind.
It also introduces a CLI flag --proposer-nodes to the validator client. Users can then provide a number of beacon nodes (which may or may not run the --proposer-only flag) that the Validator client will use for block production and propagation only. If these nodes fail, the validator client will fallback to the default list of beacon nodes.
Users are then able to set up a number of beacon nodes dedicated to block proposals (which are unlikely to be identified as validator nodes) and point their validator clients to produce blocks on these nodes and attest on other beacon nodes. An attack attempting to prevent liveness on the eth2 network would then need to preemptively find and attack the proposer nodes which is significantly more difficult than the default setup.
This is a follow on from: #3328
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
Addresses #4117
## Proposed Changes
See https://github.com/ethereum/keymanager-APIs/pull/58 for proposed API specification.
## TODO
- [x] ~~Add submission to BN~~
- removed, see discussion in [keymanager API](https://github.com/ethereum/keymanager-APIs/pull/58)
- [x] ~~Add flag to allow voluntary exit via the API~~
- no longer needed now the VC doesn't submit exit directly
- [x] ~~Additional verification / checks, e.g. if validator on same network as BN~~
- to be done on client side
- [x] ~~Potentially wait for the message to propagate and return some exit information in the response~~
- not required
- [x] Update http tests
- [x] ~~Update lighthouse book~~
- not required if this endpoint makes it to the standard keymanager API
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: Jimmy Chen <jimmy@sigmaprime.io>
## Title
Optimise `update_validators` by decrypting key cache only when necessary
## Issue Addressed
Resolves [#3968: Slow performance of validator client PATCH API with hundreds of keys](https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3968)
## Proposed Changes
1. Add a check to determine if there is at least one local definition before decrypting the key cache.
2. Assign an empty `KeyCache` when all definitions are of the `Web3Signer` type.
3. Perform cache-related operations (e.g., saving the modified key cache) only if there are local definitions.
## Additional Info
This PR addresses the excessive CPU usage and slow performance experienced when using the `PATCH lighthouse/validators/{pubkey}` request with a large number of keys. The issue was caused by the key cache using cryptography to decipher and cipher the cache entities every time the request was made. This operation called `scrypt`, which was very slow and required a lot of memory when there were many concurrent requests.
These changes have no impact on the overall functionality but can lead to significant performance improvements when working with remote signers. Importantly, the key cache is never used when there are only `Web3Signer` definitions, avoiding the expensive operation of decrypting the key cache in such cases.
Co-authored-by: Maksim Shcherbo <max.shcherbo@consensys.net>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
In #4024 we added metrics to expose the latency measurements from a VC to each BN. Whilst playing with these new metrics on our infra I realised it would be great to have a single metric to make sure that the primary BN for each VC has a reasonable latency. With the current "metrics for all BNs" it's hard to tell which is the primary.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Adds a `WARN` statement for Capella, just like the previous forks.
- Adds a hint message to all those WARNs to suggest the user update the BN or VC.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Closes#3963 (hopefully)
## Proposed Changes
Compute attestation selection proofs gradually each slot rather than in a single `join_all` at the start of each epoch. On a machine with 5k validators this replaces 5k tasks signing 5k proofs with 1 task that signs 5k/32 ~= 160 proofs each slot.
Based on testing with Goerli validators this seems to reduce the average time to produce a signature by preventing Tokio and the OS from falling over each other trying to run hundreds of threads. My testing so far has been with local keystores, which run on a dynamic pool of up to 512 OS threads because they use [`spawn_blocking`](https://docs.rs/tokio/1.11.0/tokio/task/fn.spawn_blocking.html) (and we haven't changed the default).
An earlier version of this PR hyper-optimised the time-per-signature metric to the detriment of the entire system's performance (see the reverted commits). The current PR is conservative in that it avoids touching the attestation service at all. I think there's more optimising to do here, but we can come back for that in a future PR rather than expanding the scope of this one.
The new algorithm for attestation selection proofs is:
- We sign a small batch of selection proofs each slot, for slots up to 8 slots in the future. On average we'll sign one slot's worth of proofs per slot, with an 8 slot lookahead.
- The batch is signed halfway through the slot when there is unlikely to be contention for signature production (blocks are <4s, attestations are ~4-6 seconds, aggregates are 8s+).
## Performance Data
_See first comment for updated graphs_.
Graph of median signing times before this PR:
Graph of update attesters metric (includes selection proof signing) before this PR:
Median signing time after this PR (prototype from 12:00, updated version from 13:30):
99th percentile on signing times (bounded attestation signing from 16:55, now removed):
Attester map update timing after this PR:
Selection proof signings per second change:
## Link to late blocks
I believe this is related to the slow block signings because logs from Stakely in #3963 show these two logs almost 5 seconds apart:
> Feb 23 18:56:23.978 INFO Received unsigned block, slot: 5862880, service: block, module: validator_client::block_service:393
> Feb 23 18:56:28.552 INFO Publishing signed block, slot: 5862880, service: block, module: validator_client::block_service:416
The only thing that happens between those two logs is the signing of the block:
0fb58a680d/validator_client/src/block_service.rs (L410-L414)
Helpfully, Stakely noticed this issue without any Lighthouse BNs in the mix, which pointed to a clear issue in the VC.
## TODO
- [x] Further testing on testnet infrastructure.
- [x] Make the attestation signing parallelism configurable.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds a service which periodically polls (11s into each mainnet slot) the `node/version` endpoint on each BN and roughly measures the round-trip latency. The latency is exposed as a `DEBG` log and a Prometheus metric.
The `--latency-measurement-service` has been added to the VC, with the following options:
- `--latency-measurement-service true`: enable the service (default).
- `--latency-measurement-service`: (without a value) has the same effect.
- `--latency-measurement-service false`: disable the service.
## Additional Info
Whilst looking at our staking setup, I think the BN+VC latency is contributing to late blocks. Now that we have to wait for the builders to respond it's nice to try and do everything we can to reduce that latency. Having visibility is the first step.
## Issue Addressed
Cleans up all the remnants of 4844 in capella. This makes sure when 4844 is reviewed there is nothing we are missing because it got included here
## Proposed Changes
drop a bomb on every 4844 thing
## Additional Info
Merge process I did (locally) is as follows:
- squash merge to produce one commit
- in new branch off unstable with the squashed commit create a `git revert HEAD` commit
- merge that new branch onto 4844 with `--strategy ours`
- compare local 4844 to remote 4844 and make sure the diff is empty
- enjoy
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
This fixes issues with certain metrics scrapers, which might error if the content-type is not correctly set.
## Issue Addressed
Fixes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3437
## Proposed Changes
Simply set header: `Content-Type: text/plain` on metrics server response. Seems like the errored branch does this correctly already.
## Additional Info
This is needed also to enable influx-db metric scraping which work very nicely with Geth.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2521
## Proposed Changes
Add a metric that indicates the next attestation duty slot for all managed validators in the validator client.
## Issue Addressed
#3853
## Proposed Changes
Added `INFO` level logs for requesting and receiving the unsigned block.
## Additional Info
Logging for successfully publishing the signed block is already there. And seemingly there is a log for when "We realize we are going to produce a block" in the `start_update_service`: `info!(log, "Block production service started");
`. Is there anywhere else you'd like to see logging around this event?
Co-authored-by: GeemoCandama <104614073+GeemoCandama@users.noreply.github.com>
## Issue Addressed
#3780
## Proposed Changes
Add error reporting that notifies the node operator that the `voting_keystore_path` in their `validator_definitions.yml` file may be incorrect.
## Additional Info
There is more info in issue #3780
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Proposed Changes
With proposer boosting implemented (#2822) we have an opportunity to re-org out late blocks.
This PR adds three flags to the BN to control this behaviour:
* `--disable-proposer-reorgs`: turn aggressive re-orging off (it's on by default).
* `--proposer-reorg-threshold N`: attempt to orphan blocks with less than N% of the committee vote. If this parameter isn't set then N defaults to 20% when the feature is enabled.
* `--proposer-reorg-epochs-since-finalization N`: only attempt to re-org late blocks when the number of epochs since finalization is less than or equal to N. The default is 2 epochs, meaning re-orgs will only be attempted when the chain is finalizing optimally.
For safety Lighthouse will only attempt a re-org under very specific conditions:
1. The block being proposed is 1 slot after the canonical head, and the canonical head is 1 slot after its parent. i.e. at slot `n + 1` rather than building on the block from slot `n` we build on the block from slot `n - 1`.
2. The current canonical head received less than N% of the committee vote. N should be set depending on the proposer boost fraction itself, the fraction of the network that is believed to be applying it, and the size of the largest entity that could be hoarding votes.
3. The current canonical head arrived after the attestation deadline from our perspective. This condition was only added to support suppression of forkchoiceUpdated messages, but makes intuitive sense.
4. The block is being proposed in the first 2 seconds of the slot. This gives it time to propagate and receive the proposer boost.
## Additional Info
For the initial idea and background, see: https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2353#issuecomment-950238004
There is also a specification for this feature here: https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/3034
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <micsproul@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: pawan <pawandhananjay@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
#3766
## Proposed Changes
Adds an endpoint to get the graffiti that will be used for the next block proposal for each validator.
## Usage
```bash
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer api-token" http://localhost:9095/lighthouse/ui/graffiti | jq
```
```json
{
"data": {
"0x81283b7a20e1ca460ebd9bbd77005d557370cabb1f9a44f530c4c4c66230f675f8df8b4c2818851aa7d77a80ca5a4a5e": "mr f was here",
"0xa3a32b0f8b4ddb83f1a0a853d81dd725dfe577d4f4c3db8ece52ce2b026eca84815c1a7e8e92a4de3d755733bf7e4a9b": "mr v was here",
"0x872c61b4a7f8510ec809e5b023f5fdda2105d024c470ddbbeca4bc74e8280af0d178d749853e8f6a841083ac1b4db98f": null
}
}
```
## Additional Info
This will only return graffiti that the validator client knows about.
That is from these 3 sources:
1. Graffiti File
2. validator_definitions.yml
3. The `--graffiti` flag on the VC
If the graffiti is set on the BN, it will not be returned. This may warrant an additional endpoint on the BN side which can be used in the event the endpoint returns `null`.
This PR adds some health endpoints for the beacon node and the validator client.
Specifically it adds the endpoint:
`/lighthouse/ui/health`
These are not entirely stable yet. But provide a base for modification for our UI.
These also may have issues with various platforms and may need modification.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#3612
## Proposed Changes
- Iterates through BNs until it finds a non-optimistic head.
A slight change in error behavior:
- Previously: `spawn_contribution_tasks` did not return an error for a non-optimistic block head. It returned `Ok(())` logged a warning.
- Now: `spawn_contribution_tasks` returns an error if it cannot find a non-optimistic block head. The caller of `spawn_contribution_tasks` then logs the error as a critical error.
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <micsproul@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
New lints for rust 1.65
## Proposed Changes
Notable change is the identification or parameters that are only used in recursion
## Additional Info
na
## Summary
The deposit cache now has the ability to finalize deposits. This will cause it to drop unneeded deposit logs and hashes in the deposit Merkle tree that are no longer required to construct deposit proofs. The cache is finalized whenever the latest finalized checkpoint has a new `Eth1Data` with all deposits imported.
This has three benefits:
1. Improves the speed of constructing Merkle proofs for deposits as we can just replay deposits since the last finalized checkpoint instead of all historical deposits when re-constructing the Merkle tree.
2. Significantly faster weak subjectivity sync as the deposit cache can be transferred to the newly syncing node in compressed form. The Merkle tree that stores `N` finalized deposits requires a maximum of `log2(N)` hashes. The newly syncing node then only needs to download deposits since the last finalized checkpoint to have a full tree.
3. Future proofing in preparation for [EIP-4444](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4444) as execution nodes will no longer be required to store logs permanently so we won't always have all historical logs available to us.
## More Details
Image to illustrate how the deposit contract merkle tree evolves and finalizes along with the resulting `DepositTreeSnapshot`
## Other Considerations
I've changed the structure of the `SszDepositCache` so once you load & save your database from this version of lighthouse, you will no longer be able to load it from older versions.
Co-authored-by: ethDreamer <37123614+ethDreamer@users.noreply.github.com>
* add capella gossip boiler plate
* get everything compiling
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io
Co-authored-by: Mark Mackey <mark@sigmaprime.io>
* small cleanup
* small cleanup
* cargo fix + some test cleanup
* improve block production
* add fixme for potential panic
Co-authored-by: Mark Mackey <mark@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3516
## Proposed Changes
Adds a beacon fallback function for running a beacon node http query on all available fallbacks instead of returning on a first successful result. Uses the new `run_on_all` method for attestation and sync committee subscriptions.
## Additional Info
Please provide any additional information. For example, future considerations
or information useful for reviewers.
## Issue Addressed
fixes lints from the last rust release
## Proposed Changes
Fix the lints, most of the lints by `clippy::question-mark` are false positives in the form of https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/9518 so it's allowed for now
## Additional Info
## Issue Addressed
Resolves: #3550
Remove the `--strict-fee-recipient` flag. It will cause missed proposals prior to the bellatrix transition.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
Closes#3514
## Proposed Changes
- Change default monitoring endpoint frequency to 120 seconds to fit with 30k requests/month limit.
- Allow configuration of the monitoring endpoint frequency using `--monitoring-endpoint-frequency N` where `N` is a value in seconds.
## Issue Addressed
[Have --checkpoint-sync-url timeout](https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3478)
## Proposed Changes
I added a parameter for `get_bytes_opt_accept_header<U: IntoUrl>` which accept a timeout duration, and modified the body of `get_beacon_blocks_ssz` and `get_debug_beacon_states_ssz` to pass corresponding timeout durations.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3524
## Proposed Changes
Log fee recipient in the `Validator exists in beacon chain` log. Logging in the BN already happens here 18c61a5e8b/beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/beacon_chain.rs (L3858-L3865)
I also think it's good practice to encourage users to set the fee recipient in the VC rather than the BN because of issues mentioned here https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3432
Some example logs from prater:
```
Aug 30 03:47:09.922 INFO Validator exists in beacon chain fee_recipient: 0xab97_ad88, validator_index: 213615, pubkey: 0xb542b69ba14ddbaf717ca1762ece63a4804c08d38a1aadf156ae718d1545942e86763a1604f5065d4faa550b7259d651, service: duties
Aug 30 03:48:05.505 INFO Validator exists in beacon chain fee_recipient: Fee recipient for validator not set in validator_definitions.yml or provided with the `--suggested-fee-recipient flag`, validator_index: 210710, pubkey: 0xad5d67cc7f990590c7b3fa41d593c4cf12d9ead894be2311fbb3e5c733d8c1b909e9d47af60ea3480fb6b37946c35390, service: duties
```
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
Relates to https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3416
## Proposed Changes
- Add an `OfflineOnFailure` enum to the `first_success` method for querying beacon nodes so that a val registration request failure from the BN -> builder does not result in the BN being marked offline. This seems important because these failures could be coming directly from a connected relay and actually have no bearing on BN health. Other messages that are sent to a relay have a local fallback so shouldn't result in errors
- Downgrade the following log to a `WARN`
```
ERRO Unable to publish validator registrations to the builder network, error: All endpoints failed https://BN_B => RequestFailed(ServerMessage(ErrorMessage { code: 500, message: "UNHANDLED_ERROR: BuilderMissing", stacktraces: [] })), https://XXXX/ => Unavailable(Offline), [omitted]
```
## Additional Info
I think this change at least improves the UX of having a VC connected to some builder and some non-builder beacon nodes. I think we need to balance potentially alerting users that there is a BN <> VC misconfiguration and also allowing this type of fallback to work.
If we want to fully support this type of configuration we may want to consider adding a flag `--builder-beacon-nodes` and track whether a VC should be making builder queries on a per-beacon node basis. But I think the changes in this PR are independent of that type of extension.
PS: Sorry for the big diff here, it's mostly formatting changes after I added a new arg to a bunch of methods calls.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
