## Issue Addressed
Closes#2528
## Proposed Changes
- Add `BlockTimesCache` to provide block timing information to `BeaconChain`. This allows additional metrics to be calculated for blocks that are set as head too late.
- Thread the `seen_timestamp` of blocks received from RPC responses (except blocks from syncing) through to the sync manager, similar to what is done for blocks from gossip.
## Additional Info
This provides the following additional metrics:
- `BEACON_BLOCK_OBSERVED_SLOT_START_DELAY_TIME`
- The delay between the start of the slot and when the block was first observed.
- `BEACON_BLOCK_IMPORTED_OBSERVED_DELAY_TIME`
- The delay between when the block was first observed and when the block was imported.
- `BEACON_BLOCK_HEAD_IMPORTED_DELAY_TIME`
- The delay between when the block was imported and when the block was set as head.
The metric `BEACON_BLOCK_IMPORTED_SLOT_START_DELAY_TIME` was removed.
A log is produced when a block is set as head too late, e.g.:
```
Aug 27 03:46:39.006 DEBG Delayed head block set_as_head_delay: Some(21.731066ms), imported_delay: Some(119.929934ms), observed_delay: Some(3.864596988s), block_delay: 4.006257988s, slot: 1931331, proposer_index: 24294, block_root: 0x937602c89d3143afa89088a44bdf4b4d0d760dad082abacb229495c048648a9e, service: beacon
```
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2552
## Proposed Changes
Offers some improvement in inclusion distance calculation in the validator monitor.
When registering an attestation from a block, instead of doing `block.slot() - attesstation.data.slot()` to get the inclusion distance, we now pass the parent block slot from the beacon chain and do `parent_slot.saturating_sub(attestation.data.slot())`. This allows us to give best effort inclusion distance in scenarios where the attestation was included right after a skip slot. Note that this does not give accurate results in scenarios where the attestation was included few blocks after the skip slot.
In this case, if the attestation slot was `b1` and was included in block `b2` with a skip slot in between, we would get the inclusion delay as 0 (by ignoring the skip slot) which is the best effort inclusion delay.
```
b1 <- missed <- b2
```
Here, if the attestation slot was `b1` and was included in block `b3` with a skip slot and valid block `b2` in between, then we would get the inclusion delay as 2 instead of 1 (by ignoring the skip slot).
```
b1 <- missed <- b2 <- b3
```
A solution for the scenario 2 would be to count number of slots between included slot and attestation slot ignoring the skip slots in the beacon chain and pass the value to the validator monitor. But I'm concerned that it could potentially lead to db accesses for older blocks in extreme cases.
This PR also uses the validator monitor data for logging per epoch inclusion distance. This is useful as we won't get inclusion data in post-altair summaries.
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <micsproul@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Implements the "union" type from the SSZ spec for `ssz`, `ssz_derive`, `tree_hash` and `tree_hash_derive` so it may be derived for `enums`:
https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/v1.1.0-beta.3/ssz/simple-serialize.md#union
The union type is required for the merge, since the `Transaction` type is defined as a single-variant union `Union[OpaqueTransaction]`.
### Crate Updates
This PR will (hopefully) cause CI to publish new versions for the following crates:
- `eth2_ssz_derive`: `0.2.1` -> `0.3.0`
- `eth2_ssz`: `0.3.0` -> `0.4.0`
- `eth2_ssz_types`: `0.2.0` -> `0.2.1`
- `tree_hash`: `0.3.0` -> `0.4.0`
- `tree_hash_derive`: `0.3.0` -> `0.4.0`
These these crates depend on each other, I've had to add a workspace-level `[patch]` for these crates. A follow-up PR will need to remove this patch, ones the new versions are published.
### Union Behaviors
We already had SSZ `Encode` and `TreeHash` derive for enums, however it just did a "transparent" pass-through of the inner value. Since the "union" decoding from the spec is in conflict with the transparent method, I've required that all `enum` have exactly one of the following enum-level attributes:
#### SSZ
- `#[ssz(enum_behaviour = "union")]`
- matches the spec used for the merge
- `#[ssz(enum_behaviour = "transparent")]`
- maintains existing functionality
- not supported for `Decode` (never was)
#### TreeHash
- `#[tree_hash(enum_behaviour = "union")]`
- matches the spec used for the merge
- `#[tree_hash(enum_behaviour = "transparent")]`
- maintains existing functionality
This means that we can maintain the existing transparent behaviour, but all existing users will get a compile-time error until they explicitly opt-in to being transparent.
### Legacy Option Encoding
Before this PR, we already had a union-esque encoding for `Option<T>`. However, this was with the *old* SSZ spec where the union selector was 4 bytes. During merge specification, the spec was changed to use 1 byte for the selector.
Whilst the 4-byte `Option` encoding was never used in the spec, we used it in our database. Writing a migrate script for all occurrences of `Option` in the database would be painful, especially since it's used in the `CommitteeCache`. To avoid the migrate script, I added a serde-esque `#[ssz(with = "module")]` field-level attribute to `ssz_derive` so that we can opt into the 4-byte encoding on a field-by-field basis.
The `ssz::legacy::four_byte_impl!` macro allows a one-liner to define the module required for the `#[ssz(with = "module")]` for some `Option<T> where T: Encode + Decode`.
Notably, **I have removed `Encode` and `Decode` impls for `Option`**. I've done this to force a break on downstream users. Like I mentioned, `Option` isn't used in the spec so I don't think it'll be *that* annoying. I think it's nicer than quietly having two different union implementations or quietly breaking the existing `Option` impl.
### Crate Publish Ordering
I've modified the order in which CI publishes crates to ensure that we don't publish a crate without ensuring we already published a crate that it depends upon.
## TODO
- [ ] Queue a follow-up `[patch]`-removing PR.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds the ability to verify batches of aggregated/unaggregated attestations from the network.
When the `BeaconProcessor` finds there are messages in the aggregated or unaggregated attestation queues, it will first check the length of the queue:
- `== 1` verify the attestation individually.
- `>= 2` take up to 64 of those attestations and verify them in a batch.
Notably, we only perform batch verification if the queue has a backlog. We don't apply any artificial delays to attestations to try and force them into batches.
### Batching Details
To assist with implementing batches we modify `beacon_chain::attestation_verification` to have two distinct categories for attestations:
- *Indexed* attestations: those which have passed initial validation and were valid enough for us to derive an `IndexedAttestation`.
- *Verified* attestations: those attestations which were indexed *and also* passed signature verification. These are well-formed, interesting messages which were signed by validators.
The batching functions accept `n` attestations and then return `n` attestation verification `Result`s, where those `Result`s can be any combination of `Ok` or `Err`. In other words, we attempt to verify as many attestations as possible and return specific per-attestation results so peer scores can be updated, if required.
When we batch verify attestations, we first try to map all those attestations to *indexed* attestations. If any of those attestations were able to be indexed, we then perform batch BLS verification on those indexed attestations. If the batch verification succeeds, we convert them into *verified* attestations, disabling individual signature checking. If the batch fails, we convert to verified attestations with individual signature checking enabled.
Ultimately, we optimistically try to do a batch verification of attestation signatures and fall-back to individual verification if it fails. This opens an attach vector for "poisoning" the attestations and causing us to waste a batch verification. I argue that peer scoring should do a good-enough job of defending against this and the typical-case gains massively outweigh the worst-case losses.
## Additional Info
Before this PR, attestation verification took the attestations by value (instead of by reference). It turns out that this was unnecessary and, in my opinion, resulted in some undesirable ergonomics (e.g., we had to pass the attestation back in the `Err` variant to avoid clones). In this PR I've modified attestation verification so that it now takes a reference.
I refactored the `beacon_chain/tests/attestation_verification.rs` tests so they use a builder-esque "tester" struct instead of a weird macro. It made it easier for me to test individual/batch with the same set of tests and I think it was a nice tidy-up. Notably, I did this last to try and make sure my new refactors to *actual* production code would pass under the existing test suite.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#1891Closes#1784
## Proposed Changes
Implement checkpoint sync for Lighthouse, enabling it to start from a weak subjectivity checkpoint.
## Additional Info
- [x] Return unavailable status for out-of-range blocks requested by peers (#2561)
- [x] Implement sync daemon for fetching historical blocks (#2561)
- [x] Verify chain hashes (either in `historical_blocks.rs` or the calling module)
- [x] Consistency check for initial block + state
- [x] Fetch the initial state and block from a beacon node HTTP endpoint
- [x] Don't crash fetching beacon states by slot from the API
- [x] Background service for state reconstruction, triggered by CLI flag or API call.
Considered out of scope for this PR:
- Drop the requirement to provide the `--checkpoint-block` (this would require some pretty heavy refactoring of block verification)
Co-authored-by: Diva M <divma@protonmail.com>
In previous network updates we have made our libp2p connections more lean by limiting the maximum number of connections a lighthouse node will accept before libp2p rejects new connections.
However, we still maintain the logic that at maximum connections, we try to dial extra peers if they are needed by a validator client to publish messages on a specific subnet. The dials typically result in failures due the libp2p connection limits.
This PR adds an extra factor, `PRIORITY_PEER_EXCESS` which sets aside a new allocation of peers we are able to dial in case we need these peers for the VC client. This allocation sits along side the excess peer (which allows extra incoming peers on top of our target peer limit).
The drawback here, is that libp2p now allows extra peers to connect to us (beyond the standard peer limit) which the peer manager should subsequently reject.
This PR in general improves the handling around peer banning.
Specifically there were issues when multiple peers under a single IP connected to us after we banned the IP for poor behaviour.
This PR should now handle these peers gracefully as well as make some improvements around how we previously disconnected and banned peers.
The logic now goes as follows:
- Once a peer gets banned, its gets registered with its known IP addresses
- Once enough banned peers exist under a single IP that IP is banned
- We retain connections with existing peers under this IP
- Any new connections under this IP are rejected
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Add a fork_digest to `ForkContext` only if it is set in the config.
Reject gossip messages on post fork topics before the fork happens.
Edit: Instead of rejecting gossip messages on post fork topics, we now subscribe to post fork topics 2 slots before the fork.
Co-authored-by: Age Manning <Age@AgeManning.com>
# Description
A few changes have been made to discovery. In particular a custom re-write of an LRU cache which previously was read/write O(N) for all our sessions ~5k, to a more reasonable hashmap-style O(1).
Further there has been reported issues in the current discv5, so added error handling to help identify the issue has been added.
The identify network debug logs can get quite noisy and are unnecessary to print on every request/response.
This PR reduces debug noise by only printing messages for identify messages that offer some new information.
## Proposed Changes
Cache the total active balance for the current epoch in the `BeaconState`. Computing this value takes around 1ms, and this was negatively impacting block processing times on Prater, particularly when reconstructing states.
With a large number of attestations in each block, I saw the `process_attestations` function taking 150ms, which means that reconstructing hot states can take up to 4.65s (31 * 150ms), and reconstructing freezer states can take up to 307s (2047 * 150ms).
I opted to add the cache to the beacon state rather than computing the total active balance at the start of state processing and threading it through. Although this would be simpler in a way, it would waste time, particularly during block replay, as the total active balance doesn't change for the duration of an epoch. So we save ~32ms for hot states, and up to 8.1s for freezer states (using `--slots-per-restore-point 8192`).
## Issue Addressed
Related to: #2259
Made an attempt at all the necessary updates here to publish the crates to crates.io. I incremented the minor versions on all the crates that have been previously published. We still might run into some issues as we try to publish because I'm not able to test this out but I think it's a good starting point.
## Proposed Changes
- Add description and license to `ssz_types` and `serde_util`
- rename `serde_util` to `eth2_serde_util`
- increment minor versions
- remove path dependencies
- remove patch dependencies
## Additional Info
Crates published:
- [x] `tree_hash` -- need to publish `tree_hash_derive` and `eth2_hashing` first
- [x] `eth2_ssz_types` -- need to publish `eth2_serde_util` first
- [x] `tree_hash_derive`
- [x] `eth2_ssz`
- [x] `eth2_ssz_derive`
- [x] `eth2_serde_util`
- [x] `eth2_hashing`
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Add functionality in the validator monitor to provide sync committee related metrics for monitored validators.
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Missed head votes on attestations is a well-known issue. The primary cause is a block getting set as the head *after* the attestation deadline.
This PR aims to shorten the overall time between "block received" and "block set as head" by:
1. Persisting the head and fork choice *after* setting the canonical head
- Informal measurements show this takes ~200ms
1. Pruning the op pool *after* setting the canonical head.
1. No longer persisting the op pool to disk during `BeaconChain::fork_choice`
- Informal measurements show this can take up to 1.2s.
I also add some metrics to help measure the effect of these changes.
Persistence changes like this run the risk of breaking assumptions downstream. However, I have considered these risks and I think we're fine here. I will describe my reasoning for each change.
## Reasoning
### Change 1: Persisting the head and fork choice *after* setting the canonical head
For (1), although the function is called `persist_head_and_fork_choice`, it only persists:
- Fork choice
- Head tracker
- Genesis block root
Since `BeaconChain::fork_choice_internal` does not modify these values between the original time we were persisting it and the current time, I assert that the change I've made is non-substantial in terms of what ends up on-disk. There's the possibility that some *other* thread has modified fork choice in the extra time we've given it, but that's totally fine.
Since the only time we *read* those values from disk is during startup, I assert that this has no impact during runtime.
### Change 2: Pruning the op pool after setting the canonical head
Similar to the argument above, we don't modify the op pool during `BeaconChain::fork_choice_internal` so it shouldn't matter when we prune. This change should be non-substantial.
### Change 3: No longer persisting the op pool to disk during `BeaconChain::fork_choice`
This change *is* substantial. With the proposed changes, we'll only be persisting the op pool to disk when we shut down cleanly (i.e., the `BeaconChain` gets dropped). This means we'll save disk IO and time during usual operation, but a `kill -9` or similar "crash" will probably result in an out-of-date op pool when we reboot. An out-of-date op pool can only have an impact when producing blocks or aggregate attestations/sync committees.
I think it's pretty reasonable that a crash might result in an out-of-date op pool, since:
- Crashes are fairly rare. Practically the only time I see LH suffer a full crash is when the OOM killer shows up, and that's a very serious event.
- It's generally quite rare to produce a block/aggregate immediately after a reboot. Just a few slots of runtime is probably enough to have a decent-enough op pool again.
## Additional Info
Credits to @macladson for the timings referenced here.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2033
## Proposed Changes
Adds a flag to enable shutting down beacon node right after sync is completed.
## Additional Info
Will need modification after weak subjectivity sync is enabled to change definition of a fully synced node.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2526
## Proposed Changes
If the head block fails to decode on start up, do two things:
1. Revert all blocks between the head and the most recent hard fork (to `fork_slot - 1`).
2. Reset fork choice so that it contains the new head, and all blocks back to the new head's finalized checkpoint.
## Additional Info
I tweaked some of the beacon chain test harness stuff in order to make it generic enough to test with a non-zero slot clock on start-up. In the process I consolidated all the various `new_` methods into a single generic one which will hopefully serve all future uses 🤞
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2114
Swapped out the ctrlc crate for tokio signals to hook register handlers for SIGPIPE and SIGHUP along with SIGTERM and SIGINT.
## Proposed Changes
- Swap out the ctrlc crate for tokio signals for unix signal handing
- Register signals for SIGPIPE and SHIGUP that trigger the same shutdown procedure as SIGTERM and SIGINT
## Additional Info
I tested these changes against the examples in the original issue and noticed some interesting behavior on my machine. When running `lighthouse bn --network pyrmont |& tee -a pyrmont_bn.log` or `lighthouse bn --network pyrmont 2>&1 | tee -a pyrmont_bn.log` none of the above signals are sent to the lighthouse program in a way I was able to observe.
The only time it seems that the signal gets sent to the lighthouse program is if there is no redirection of stderr to stdout. I'm not as familiar with the details of how unix signals work in linux with a redirect like that so I'm not sure if this is a bug in the program or expected behavior.
Signals are correctly received without the redirection and if the above signals are sent directly to the program with something like `kill`.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2487
## Proposed Changes
Logs a message once in every invocation of `Eth1Service::update` method if the primary endpoint is unavailable for some reason.
e.g.
```log
Aug 03 00:09:53.517 WARN Error connecting to eth1 node endpoint action: trying fallbacks, endpoint: http://localhost:8545/, service: eth1_rpc
Aug 03 00:09:56.959 INFO Fetched data from fallback fallback_number: 1, service: eth1_rpc
```
The main aim of this PR is to have an accompanying message to the "action: trying fallbacks" error message that is returned when checking the endpoint for liveness. This is mainly to indicate to the user that the fallback was live and reachable.
## Additional info
This PR is not meant to be a catch all for all cases where the primary endpoint failed. For instance, this won't log anything if the primary node was working fine during endpoint liveness checking and failed during deposit/block fetching. This is done intentionally to reduce number of logs while initial deposit/block sync and to avoid more complicated logic.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR expands the time that entries exist in the gossip-sub duplicate cache. Recent investigations found that this cache is one slot (12s) shorter than the period for which an attestation is permitted to propagate on the gossip network.
Before #2540, this was causing peers to be unnecessarily down-scored for sending old attestations. Although that issue has been fixed, the duplicate cache time is increased here to avoid such messages from getting any further up the networking stack then required.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
A Discord user presented logs which indicated a drop in their peer count caused by a variety of peers sending attestations where we'd already seen an attestation for that validator. It's presently unclear how this case came about, but during our investigation I noticed that we are down-voting peers for sending such attestations.
There are three scenarios where we may receive duplicate unagg. attestations from the same validator:
1. The validator is committing a slashable offense.
2. The gossipsub message-deduping functionality is not working as expected.
3. We received the message via the HTTP prior to seeing it via gossip.
Scenario (1) would be so costly for an attacker that I don't think we need to add DoS protection for it.
Scenario (2) seems feasible. Our "seen message" caches in gossipsub might fill up/expire and let through these duplicates. There are also cases involving message ID mismatches with the other peers. In both these cases, I don't think we should be doing 1 attestation == -1 point down-voting.
Scenario (3) is not necessarily a fault of the peer and we shouldn't down-score them for it.
## Additional Info
NA
Due to the altair fork, in principle we can now subscribe to up to 148 topics. This bypasses our original limit and we can end up rejecting subscriptions.
This PR increases the limit to account for the fork.
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Adds a cli option to disable packet filter in `lighthouse bootnode`. This is useful in running local testnets as the bootnode bans requests from the same ip(localhost) if the packet filter is enabled.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2524
## Proposed Changes
- Return all known forks in the `/config/fork_schedule`, previously returned only the head of the chain's fork.
- Deleted the `StateId::head` method because it was only previously used in this endpoint.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Refactor discovery queries such that only `QueryType::Subnet` queries are queued for grouping. `QueryType::FindPeers` is always made regardless of the number of active `Subnet` queries (max = 2). This prevents `FindPeers` queries from getting starved if `Subnet` queries start queuing up.
Also removes `GroupedQueryType` struct and use `QueryType` for all queuing and processing of discovery requests.
## Additional Info
Currently, no distinction is made between subnet discovery queries for attestation and sync committee subnets when grouping queries. Potentially we could prioritise attestation queries over sync committee queries in the future.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Version bump
- Increase queue sizes for aggregated attestations and re-queued attestations.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Which issue # does this PR address?
## Proposed Changes
- Add a counter metric to log when a block is received late from gossip.
- Also push a `DEBG` log for the above condition.
- Use Debug (`?`) instead of Display (`%`) for a bunch of logs in the beacon processor, so we don't have to deal with concatenated block roots.
- Add new ERRO and CRIT to HTTP API to alert users when they're publishing late blocks.
## Additional Info
NA
## Proposed Changes
* Consolidate Tokio versions: everything now uses the latest v1.10.0, no more `tokio-compat`.
* Many semver-compatible changes via `cargo update`. Notably this upgrades from the yanked v0.8.0 version of crossbeam-deque which is present in v1.5.0-rc.0
* Many semver incompatible upgrades via `cargo upgrades` and `cargo upgrade --workspace pkg_name`. Notable ommissions:
- Prometheus, to be handled separately: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/2485
- `rand`, `rand_xorshift`: the libsecp256k1 package requires 0.7.x, so we'll stick with that for now
- `ethereum-types` is pinned at 0.11.0 because that's what `web3` is using and it seems nice to have just a single version
## Additional Info
We still have two versions of `libp2p-core` due to `discv5` depending on the v0.29.0 release rather than `master`. AFAIK it should be OK to release in this state (cc @AgeManning )
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Bump to `v1.5.0-rc.0`.
- Increase attestation reprocessing queue size (I saw this filling up on Prater).
- Reduce error log for full attn reprocessing queue to warn.
## TODO
- [x] Manual testing
- [x] Resolve https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2493
- [x] Include https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2501
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2457
- Resolves#2443
## Proposed Changes
Target the (presently unreleased) head of `libp2p/rust-libp2p:master` in order to obtain the fix from https://github.com/libp2p/rust-libp2p/pull/2175.
Additionally:
- `libsecp256k1` needed to be upgraded to satisfy the new version of `libp2p`.
- There were also a handful of minor changes to `eth2_libp2p` to suit some interface changes.
- Two `cargo audit --ignore` flags were remove due to libp2p upgrades.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
When testing our (not-yet-released) Doppelganger implementation, I noticed that we aren't detecting attestations included in blocks (only those on the gossip network).
This is because during [block processing](e8c0d1f19b/beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/beacon_chain.rs (L2168)) we only update the `observed_attestations` cache with each attestation, but not the `observed_attesters` cache. This is the correct behaviour when we consider the [p2p spec](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v1.0.1/specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md):
> [IGNORE] There has been no other valid attestation seen on an attestation subnet that has an identical attestation.data.target.epoch and participating validator index.
We're doing the right thing here and still allowing attestations on gossip that we've seen in a block. However, this doesn't work so nicely for Doppelganger.
To resolve this, I've taken the following steps:
- Add a `observed_block_attesters` cache.
- Rename `observed_attesters` to `observed_gossip_attesters`.
## TODO
- [x] Add a test to ensure a validator that's been seen in a block attestation (but not a gossip attestation) returns `true` for `BeaconChain::validator_seen_at_epoch`.
- [x] Add a test to ensure `observed_block_attesters` isn't polluted via gossip attestations and vice versa.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Proposed Changes
* Implement the validator client and HTTP API changes necessary to support Altair
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2069
## Proposed Changes
- Adds a `--doppelganger-detection` flag
- Adds a `lighthouse/seen_validators` endpoint, which will make it so the lighthouse VC is not interopable with other client beacon nodes if the `--doppelganger-detection` flag is used, but hopefully this will become standardized. Relevant Eth2 API repo issue: https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-APIs/issues/64
- If the `--doppelganger-detection` flag is used, the VC will wait until the beacon node is synced, and then wait an additional 2 epochs. The reason for this is to make sure the beacon node is able to subscribe to the subnets our validators should be attesting on. I think an alternative would be to have the beacon node subscribe to all subnets for 2+ epochs on startup by default.
## Additional Info
I'd like to add tests and would appreciate feedback.
TODO: handle validators started via the API, potentially make this default behavior
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
- Removing a bunch of unnecessary references
- Updated `Error::VariantError` to `Error::Variant`
- There were additional enum variant lints that I ignored, because I thought our variant names were fine
- removed `MonitoredValidator`'s `pubkey` field, because I couldn't find it used anywhere. It looks like we just use the string version of the pubkey (the `id` field) if there is no index
## Additional Info
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2169
## Proposed Changes
Adds the `AttesterCache` to allow validators to produce attestations for older slots. Presently, some arbitrary restrictions can force validators to receive an error when attesting to a slot earlier than the present one. This can cause attestation misses when there is excessive load on the validator client or time sync issues between the VC and BN.
## Additional Info
NA
## Proposed Changes
Add the `sync_aggregate` from `BeaconBlock` to the bulk signature verifier for blocks. This necessitates a new signature set constructor for the sync aggregate, which is different from the others due to the use of [`eth2_fast_aggregate_verify`](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v1.1.0-alpha.7/specs/altair/bls.md#eth2_fast_aggregate_verify) for sync aggregates, per [`process_sync_aggregate`](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v1.1.0-alpha.7/specs/altair/beacon-chain.md#sync-aggregate-processing). I made the choice to return an optional signature set, with `None` representing the case where the signature is valid on account of being the point at infinity (requires no further checking).
To "dogfood" the changes and prevent duplication, the consensus logic now uses the signature set approach as well whenever it is required to verify signatures (which should only be in testing AFAIK). The EF tests pass with the code as it exists currently, but failed before I adapted the `eth2_fast_aggregate_verify` changes (which is good).
As a result of this change Altair block processing should be a little faster, and importantly, we will no longer accidentally verify signatures when replaying blocks, e.g. when replaying blocks from the database.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR addresses two things:
1. Allows the `ValidatorMonitor` to work with Altair states.
1. Optimizes `altair::process_epoch` (see [code](https://github.com/paulhauner/lighthouse/blob/participation-cache/consensus/state_processing/src/per_epoch_processing/altair/participation_cache.rs) for description)
## Breaking Changes
The breaking changes in this PR revolve around one premise:
*After the Altair fork, it's not longer possible (given only a `BeaconState`) to identify if a validator had *any* attestation included during some epoch. The best we can do is see if that validator made the "timely" source/target/head flags.*
Whilst this seems annoying, it's not actually too bad. Finalization is based upon "timely target" attestations, so that's really the most important thing. Although there's *some* value in knowing if a validator had *any* attestation included, it's far more important to know about "timely target" participation, since this is what affects finality and justification.
For simplicity and consistency, I've also removed the ability to determine if *any* attestation was included from metrics and API endpoints. Now, all Altair and non-Altair states will simply report on the head/target attestations.
The following section details where we've removed fields and provides replacement values.
### Breaking Changes: Prometheus Metrics
Some participation metrics have been removed and replaced. Some were removed since they are no longer relevant to Altair (e.g., total attesting balance) and others replaced with gwei values instead of pre-computed values. This provides more flexibility at display-time (e.g., Grafana).
The following metrics were added as replacements:
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_head_attesting_gwei_total`
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_target_attesting_gwei_total`
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_source_attesting_gwei_total`
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_active_gwei_total`
The following metrics were removed:
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_attester`
- instead use `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_source_attesting_gwei_total / beacon_participation_prev_epoch_active_gwei_total`.
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_target_attester`
- instead use `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_target_attesting_gwei_total / beacon_participation_prev_epoch_active_gwei_total`.
- `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_head_attester`
- instead use `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_head_attesting_gwei_total / beacon_participation_prev_epoch_active_gwei_total`.
The `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_attester` endpoint has been removed. Users should instead use the pre-existing `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_target_attester`.
### Breaking Changes: HTTP API
The `/lighthouse/validator_inclusion/{epoch}/{validator_id}` endpoint loses the following fields:
- `current_epoch_attesting_gwei` (use `current_epoch_target_attesting_gwei` instead)
- `previous_epoch_attesting_gwei` (use `previous_epoch_target_attesting_gwei` instead)
The `/lighthouse/validator_inclusion/{epoch}/{validator_id}` endpoint lose the following fields:
- `is_current_epoch_attester` (use `is_current_epoch_target_attester` instead)
- `is_previous_epoch_attester` (use `is_previous_epoch_target_attester` instead)
- `is_active_in_current_epoch` becomes `is_active_unslashed_in_current_epoch`.
- `is_active_in_previous_epoch` becomes `is_active_unslashed_in_previous_epoch`.
## Additional Info
NA
## TODO
- [x] Deal with total balances
- [x] Update validator_inclusion API
- [ ] Ensure `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_target_attester` and `beacon_participation_prev_epoch_head_attester` work before Altair
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Proposed Changes
Update to the latest version of the Altair spec, which includes new tests and a tweak to the target sync aggregators.
## Additional Info
This change is _not_ required for the imminent Altair devnet, and is waiting on the merge of #2321 to unstable.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Proposed Changes
Remove the remaining Altair `FIXME`s from consensus land.
1. Implement tree hash caching for the participation lists. This required some light type manipulation, including removing the `TreeHash` bound from `CachedTreeHash` which was purely descriptive.
2. Plumb the proposer index through Altair attestation processing, to avoid calculating it for _every_ attestation (potentially 128ms on large networks). This duplicates some work from #2431, but with the aim of getting it in sooner, particularly for the Altair devnets.
3. Removes two FIXMEs related to `superstruct` and cloning, which are unlikely to be particularly detrimental and will be tracked here instead: https://github.com/sigp/superstruct/issues/5
* Adjust beacon node timeouts for validator client HTTP requests (#2352)
Resolves#2313
Provide `BeaconNodeHttpClient` with a dedicated `Timeouts` struct.
This will allow granular adjustment of the timeout duration for different calls made from the VC to the BN. These can either be a constant value, or as a ratio of the slot duration.
Improve timeout performance by using these adjusted timeout duration's only whenever a fallback endpoint is available.
Add a CLI flag called `use-long-timeouts` to revert to the old behavior.
Additionally set the default `BeaconNodeHttpClient` timeouts to the be the slot duration of the network, rather than a constant 12 seconds. This will allow it to adjust to different network specifications.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
* Use read_recursive locks in database (#2417)
Closes#2245
Replace all calls to `RwLock::read` in the `store` crate with `RwLock::read_recursive`.
* Unfortunately we can't run the deadlock detector on CI because it's pinned to an old Rust 1.51.0 nightly which cannot compile Lighthouse (one of our deps uses `ptr::addr_of!` which is too new). A fun side-project at some point might be to update the deadlock detector.
* The reason I think we haven't seen this deadlock (at all?) in practice is that _writes_ to the database's split point are quite infrequent, and a concurrent write is required to trigger the deadlock. The split point is only written when finalization advances, which is once per epoch (every ~6 minutes), and state reads are also quite sporadic. Perhaps we've just been incredibly lucky, or there's something about the timing of state reads vs database migration that protects us.
* I wrote a few small programs to demo the deadlock, and the effectiveness of the `read_recursive` fix: https://github.com/michaelsproul/relock_deadlock_mvp
* [The docs for `read_recursive`](https://docs.rs/lock_api/0.4.2/lock_api/struct.RwLock.html#method.read_recursive) warn of starvation for writers. I think in order for starvation to occur the database would have to be spammed with so many state reads that it's unable to ever clear them all and find time for a write, in which case migration of states to the freezer would cease. If an attack could be performed to trigger this starvation then it would likely trigger a deadlock in the current code, and I think ceasing migration is preferable to deadlocking in this extreme situation. In practice neither should occur due to protection from spammy peers at the network layer. Nevertheless, it would be prudent to run this change on the testnet nodes to check that it doesn't cause accidental starvation.
* Return more detail when invalid data is found in the DB during startup (#2445)
- Resolves#2444
Adds some more detail to the error message returned when the `BeaconChainBuilder` is unable to access or decode block/state objects during startup.
NA
* Use hardware acceleration for SHA256 (#2426)
Modify the SHA256 implementation in `eth2_hashing` so that it switches between `ring` and `sha2` to take advantage of [x86_64 SHA extensions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_SHA_extensions). The extensions are available on modern Intel and AMD CPUs, and seem to provide a considerable speed-up: on my Ryzen 5950X it dropped state tree hashing times by about 30% from 35ms to 25ms (on Prater).
The extensions became available in the `sha2` crate [last year](https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/hf2vcx/ann_rustcryptos_sha1_and_sha2_now_support/), and are not available in Ring, which uses a [pure Rust implementation of sha2](https://github.com/briansmith/ring/blob/main/src/digest/sha2.rs). Ring is faster on CPUs that lack the extensions so I've implemented a runtime switch to use `sha2` only when the extensions are available. The runtime switching seems to impose a miniscule penalty (see the benchmarks linked below).
* Start a release checklist (#2270)
NA
Add a checklist to the release draft created by CI. I know @michaelsproul was also working on this and I suspect @realbigsean also might have useful input.
NA
* Serious banning
* fmt
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2452
## Proposed Changes
I've seen a few people confused by this and I don't think the message is really worth it.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
#635
## Proposed Changes
- Keep attestations that reference a block we have not seen for 30secs before being re processed
- If we do import the block before that time elapses, it is reprocessed in that moment
- The first time it fails, do nothing wrt to gossipsub propagation or peer downscoring. If after being re processed it fails, downscore with a `LowToleranceError` and ignore the message.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds a metric to see how many set bits are in the sync aggregate for each beacon block being imported.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds more detail to the log when an attestation is ignored due to a prior one being known. This will help identify which validators are causing the issue.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2444
## Proposed Changes
Adds some more detail to the error message returned when the `BeaconChainBuilder` is unable to access or decode block/state objects during startup.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2245
## Proposed Changes
Replace all calls to `RwLock::read` in the `store` crate with `RwLock::read_recursive`.
## Additional Info
* Unfortunately we can't run the deadlock detector on CI because it's pinned to an old Rust 1.51.0 nightly which cannot compile Lighthouse (one of our deps uses `ptr::addr_of!` which is too new). A fun side-project at some point might be to update the deadlock detector.
* The reason I think we haven't seen this deadlock (at all?) in practice is that _writes_ to the database's split point are quite infrequent, and a concurrent write is required to trigger the deadlock. The split point is only written when finalization advances, which is once per epoch (every ~6 minutes), and state reads are also quite sporadic. Perhaps we've just been incredibly lucky, or there's something about the timing of state reads vs database migration that protects us.
* I wrote a few small programs to demo the deadlock, and the effectiveness of the `read_recursive` fix: https://github.com/michaelsproul/relock_deadlock_mvp
* [The docs for `read_recursive`](https://docs.rs/lock_api/0.4.2/lock_api/struct.RwLock.html#method.read_recursive) warn of starvation for writers. I think in order for starvation to occur the database would have to be spammed with so many state reads that it's unable to ever clear them all and find time for a write, in which case migration of states to the freezer would cease. If an attack could be performed to trigger this starvation then it would likely trigger a deadlock in the current code, and I think ceasing migration is preferable to deadlocking in this extreme situation. In practice neither should occur due to protection from spammy peers at the network layer. Nevertheless, it would be prudent to run this change on the testnet nodes to check that it doesn't cause accidental starvation.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2313
## Proposed Changes
Provide `BeaconNodeHttpClient` with a dedicated `Timeouts` struct.
This will allow granular adjustment of the timeout duration for different calls made from the VC to the BN. These can either be a constant value, or as a ratio of the slot duration.
Improve timeout performance by using these adjusted timeout duration's only whenever a fallback endpoint is available.
Add a CLI flag called `use-long-timeouts` to revert to the old behavior.
## Additional Info
Additionally set the default `BeaconNodeHttpClient` timeouts to the be the slot duration of the network, rather than a constant 12 seconds. This will allow it to adjust to different network specifications.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Proposed Changes
Implement the consensus changes necessary for the upcoming Altair hard fork.
## Additional Info
This is quite a heavy refactor, with pivotal types like the `BeaconState` and `BeaconBlock` changing from structs to enums. This ripples through the whole codebase with field accesses changing to methods, e.g. `state.slot` => `state.slot()`.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
#2377
## Proposed Changes
Implement the same code used for block root lookups (from #2376) to state root lookups in order to improve performance and reduce associated memory spikes (e.g. from certain HTTP API requests).
## Additional Changes
- Tests using `rev_iter_state_roots` and `rev_iter_block_roots` have been refactored to use their `forwards` versions instead.
- The `rev_iter_state_roots` and `rev_iter_block_roots` functions are now unused and have been removed.
- The `state_at_slot` function has been changed to use the `forwards` iterator.
## Additional Info
- Some tests still need to be refactored to use their `forwards_iter` versions. These tests start their iteration from a specific beacon state and thus use the `rev_iter_state_roots_from` and `rev_iter_block_roots_from` functions. If they can be refactored, those functions can also be removed.
This updates some older dependencies to address a few cargo audit warnings.
The majority of warnings come from network dependencies which will be addressed in #2389.
This PR contains some minor dep updates that are not network related.
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
`make lint` failing on rust 1.53.0.
## Proposed Changes
1.53.0 updates
## Additional Info
I haven't figure out why yet, we were now hitting the recursion limit in a few crates. So I had to add `#![recursion_limit = "256"]` in a few places
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
A user on Discord (`@ChewsMacRibs`) reported that the validator monitor was logging `WARN Attested to an incorrect head` for their validator while it was awaiting activation.
This PR modifies the monitor so that it ignores inactive validators, by the logic that they are either awaiting activation, or have already exited. Either way, there's no way for an inactive validator to have their attestations included on chain, so no need for the monitor to report on them.
## Additional Info
To reproduce the bug requires registering validator keys manually with `--validator-monitor-pubkeys`. I don't think the bug will present itself with `--validator-monitor-auto`.
## Issue Addressed
#2293
## Proposed Changes
- Modify the handler for the `eth_chainId` RPC (i.e., `get_chain_id`) to explicitly match against the Geth error string returned for pre-EIP-155 synced Geth nodes
- ~~Add a new helper function, `rpc_error_msg`, to aid in the above point~~
- Refactor `response_result` into `response_result_or_error` and patch reliant RPC handlers accordingly (thanks to @pawanjay176)
## Additional Info
Geth, as of Pangaea Expanse (v1.10.0), returns an explicit error when it is not synced past the EIP-155 block (2675000). Previously, Geth simply returned a chain ID of 0 (which was obviously much easier to handle on Lighthouse's part).
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
I am starting to see a lot of slog-async overflows (i.e., too many logs) on Prater whenever we see attestations for an unknown block. Since these logs are identical (except for peer id) and we expose volume/count of these errors via `metrics::GOSSIP_ATTESTATION_ERRORS_PER_TYPE`, I took the following actions to remove them from `DEBUG` logs:
- Push the "Attestation for unknown block" log to trace.
- Add a debug log in `search_for_block`. In effect, this should serve as a de-duped version of the previous, downgraded log.
## Additional Info
TBC
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Bump versions.
## Additional Info
This is not exactly the v1.4.0 release described in [Lighthouse Update #36](https://lighthouse.sigmaprime.io/update-36.html).
Whilst it contains:
- Beta Windows support
- A reduction in Eth1 queries
- A reduction in memory footprint
It does not contain:
- Altair
- Doppelganger Protection
- The remote signer
We have decided to release some features early. This is primarily due to the desire to allow users to benefit from the memory saving improvements as soon as possible.
## TODO
- [x] Wait for #2340, #2356 and #2376 to merge and then rebase on `unstable`.
- [x] Ensure discovery issues are fixed (see #2388)
- [x] Ensure https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2382 is merged/removed.
- [x] Ensure https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2383 is merged/removed.
- [x] Ensure https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2384 is merged/removed.
- [ ] Double-check eth1 cache is carried between boots
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Reverts #2345 in the interests of getting v1.4.0 out this week. Once we have released that, we can go back to testing this again.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
When observing `jemallocator` heap profiles and Grafana, it became clear that Lighthouse is spending significant RAM/CPU on processing blocks from the RPC. On investigation, it seems that we are loading the parent of the block *before* we check to see if the block is already known. This is a big waste of resources.
This PR adds an additional `check_block_relevancy` call as the first thing we do when we try to process a `SignedBeaconBlock` via the RPC (or other similar methods). Ultimately, `check_block_relevancy` will be called again later in the block processing flow. It's a very light function and I don't think trying to optimize it out is worth the risk of a bad block slipping through.
Also adds a `New RPC block received` info log when we process a new RPC block. This seems like interesting and infrequent info.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Return a very specific error when at attestation reads shuffling from a frozen `BeaconState`. Previously, this was returning `MissingBeaconState` which indicates a much more serious issue.
## Additional Info
Since `get_inconsistent_state_for_attestation_verification_only` is only called once in `BeaconChain::with_committee_cache`, it is quite easy to reason about the impact of this change.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Whilst investigating #2372, I [learned](https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/2372#issuecomment-851725049) that the error message returned from some failed Eth1 requests are always `NotReachable`. This makes debugging quite painful.
This PR adds more detail to these errors. For example:
- Bad infura key: `ERRO Failed to update eth1 cache error: Failed to update Eth1 service: "All fallback errored: https://mainnet.infura.io/ => EndpointError(RequestFailed(\"Response HTTP status was not 200 OK: 401 Unauthorized.\"))", retry_millis: 60000, service: eth1_rpc`
- Unreachable server: `ERRO Failed to update eth1 cache error: Failed to update Eth1 service: "All fallback errored: http://127.0.0.1:8545/ => EndpointError(RequestFailed(\"Request failed: reqwest::Error { kind: Request, url: Url { scheme: \\\"http\\\", cannot_be_a_base: false, username: \\\"\\\", password: None, host: Some(Ipv4(127.0.0.1)), port: Some(8545), path: \\\"/\\\", query: None, fragment: None }, source: hyper::Error(Connect, ConnectError(\\\"tcp connect error\\\", Os { code: 111, kind: ConnectionRefused, message: \\\"Connection refused\\\" })) }\"))", retry_millis: 60000, service: eth1_rpc`
- Bad server: `ERRO Failed to update eth1 cache error: Failed to update Eth1 service: "All fallback errored: http://127.0.0.1:8545/ => EndpointError(RequestFailed(\"Response HTTP status was not 200 OK: 501 Not Implemented.\"))", retry_millis: 60000, service: eth1_rpc`
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Primary Change
When investigating memory usage, I noticed that retrieving a block from an early slot (e.g., slot 900) would cause a sharp increase in the memory footprint (from 400mb to 800mb+) which seemed to be ever-lasting.
After some investigation, I found that the reverse iteration from the head back to that slot was the likely culprit. To counter this, I've switched the `BeaconChain::block_root_at_slot` to use the forwards iterator, instead of the reverse one.
I also noticed that the networking stack is using `BeaconChain::root_at_slot` to check if a peer is relevant (`check_peer_relevance`). Perhaps the steep, seemingly-random-but-consistent increases in memory usage are caused by the use of this function.
Using the forwards iterator with the HTTP API alleviated the sharp increases in memory usage. It also made the response much faster (before it felt like to took 1-2s, now it feels instant).
## Additional Changes
In the process I also noticed that we have two functions for getting block roots:
- `BeaconChain::block_root_at_slot`: returns `None` for a skip slot.
- `BeaconChain::root_at_slot`: returns the previous root for a skip slot.
I unified these two functions into `block_root_at_slot` and added the `WhenSlotSkipped` enum. Now, the caller must be explicit about the skip-slot behaviour when requesting a root.
Additionally, I replaced `vec![]` with `Vec::with_capacity` in `store::chunked_vector::range_query`. I stumbled across this whilst debugging and made this modification to see what effect it would have (not much). It seems like a decent change to keep around, but I'm not concerned either way.
Also, `BeaconChain::get_ancestor_block_root` is unused, so I got rid of it 🗑️.
## Additional Info
I haven't also done the same for state roots here. Whilst it's possible and a good idea, it's more work since the fwds iterators are presently block-roots-specific.
Whilst there's a few places a reverse iteration of state roots could be triggered (e.g., attestation production, HTTP API), they're no where near as common as the `check_peer_relevance` call. As such, I think we should get this PR merged first, then come back for the state root iters. I made an issue here https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/2377.
## Issue Addressed
#2325
## Proposed Changes
This pull request changes the behavior of the Peer Manager by including a minimum outbound-only peers requirement. The peer manager will continue querying for peers if this outbound-only target number hasn't been met. Additionally, when peers are being removed, an outbound-only peer will not be disconnected if doing so brings us below the minimum.
## Additional Info
Unit test for heartbeat function tests that disconnection behavior is correct. Continual querying for peers if outbound-only hasn't been met is not directly tested, but indirectly through unit testing of the helper function that counts the number of outbound-only peers.
EDIT: Am concerned about the behavior of ```update_peer_scores```. If we have connected to a peer with a score below the disconnection threshold (-20), then its connection status will remain connected, while its score state will change to disconnected.
```rust
let previous_state = info.score_state();
// Update scores
info.score_update();
Self::handle_score_transitions(
previous_state,
peer_id,
info,
&mut to_ban_peers,
&mut to_unban_peers,
&mut self.events,
&self.log,
);
```
```previous_state``` will be set to Disconnected, and then because ```handle_score_transitions``` only changes connection status for a peer if the state changed, the peer remains connected. Then in the heartbeat code, because we only disconnect healthy peers if we have too many peers, these peers don't get disconnected. I'm not sure realistically how often this scenario would occur, but it might be better to adjust the logic to account for scenarios where the score state implies a connection status different from the current connection status.
Co-authored-by: Kevin Lu <kevlu93@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
#2282
## Proposed Changes
Reduce the outbound requests made to eth1 endpoints by caching the results from `eth_chainId` and `net_version`.
Further reduce the overall request count by increasing `auto_update_interval_millis` from `7_000` (7 seconds) to `60_000` (1 minute).
This will result in a reduction from ~2000 requests per hour to 360 requests per hour (during normal operation). A reduction of 82%.
## Additional Info
If an endpoint fails, its state is dropped from the cache and the `eth_chainId` and `net_version` calls will be made for that endpoint again during the regular update cycle (once per minute) until it is back online.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
The ordering of adding new peers to the peerdb and deciding when to dial them was not considered in a previous update.
This adds the condition that if a peer is not in the peer-db then it is an acceptable peer to dial.
This makes #2374 obsolete.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Modify the configuration of [GNU malloc](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/The-GNU-Allocator.html) to reduce memory footprint.
- Set `M_ARENA_MAX` to 4.
- This reduces memory fragmentation at the cost of contention between threads.
- Set `M_MMAP_THRESHOLD` to 2mb
- This means that any allocation >= 2mb is allocated via an anonymous mmap, instead of on the heap/arena. This reduces memory fragmentation since we don't need to keep growing the heap to find big contiguous slabs of free memory.
- ~~Run `malloc_trim` every 60 seconds.~~
- ~~This shaves unused memory from the top of the heap, preventing the heap from constantly growing.~~
- Removed, see: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2299#issuecomment-825322646
*Note: this only provides memory savings on the Linux (glibc) platform.*
## Additional Info
I'm going to close#2288 in favor of this for the following reasons:
- I've managed to get the memory footprint *smaller* here than with jemalloc.
- This PR seems to be less of a dramatic change than bringing in the jemalloc dep.
- The changes in this PR are strictly runtime changes, so we can create CLI flags which disable them completely. Since this change is wide-reaching and complex, it's nice to have an easy "escape hatch" if there are undesired consequences.
## TODO
- [x] Allow configuration via CLI flags
- [x] Test on Mac
- [x] Test on RasPi.
- [x] Determine if GNU malloc is present?
- I'm not quite sure how to detect for glibc.. This issue suggests we can't really: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/33244
- [x] Make a clear argument regarding the affect of this on CPU utilization.
- [x] Test with higher `M_ARENA_MAX` values.
- [x] Test with longer trim intervals
- [x] Add some stats about memory savings
- [x] Remove `malloc_trim` calls & code
## Issue Addressed
Windows incompatibility.
## Proposed Changes
On windows, lighthouse needs to default to STDIN as tty doesn't exist. Also Windows uses ACLs for file permissions. So to mirror chmod 600, we will remove every entry in a file's ACL and add only a single SID that is an alias for the file owner.
Beyond that, there were several changes made to different unit tests because windows has slightly different error messages as well as frustrating nuances around killing a process :/
## Additional Info
Tested on my Windows VM and it appears to work, also compiled & tested on Linux with these changes. Permissions look correct on both platforms now. Just waiting for my validator to activate on Prater so I can test running full validator client on windows.
Co-authored-by: ethDreamer <37123614+ethDreamer@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <micsproul@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
The latest version of Rust has new clippy rules & the codebase isn't up to date with them.
## Proposed Changes
Small formatting changes that clippy tells me are functionally equivalent
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Add unit tests for the various CLI flags associated with the beacon node and validator client. These changes require the addition of two new flags: `dump-config` and `immediate-shutdown`.
## Additional Info
Both `dump-config` and `immediate-shutdown` are marked as hidden since they should only be used in testing and other advanced use cases.
**Note:** This requires changing `main.rs` so that the flags can adjust the program behavior as necessary.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
#2276
## Proposed Changes
Add the `SensitiveUrl` struct which wraps `Url` and implements custom `Display` and `Debug` traits to redact user secrets from being logged in eth1 endpoints, beacon node endpoints and metrics.
## Additional Info
This also includes a small rewrite of the eth1 crate to make requests using `Url` instead of `&str`.
Some error messages have also been changed to remove `Url` data.
## Issue Addressed
#2107
## Proposed Change
The peer manager will mark peers as disconnected in the discv5 DHT when they disconnect or dial fails
## Additional Info
Rationale for this particular change is explained in my comment on #2107
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2186
## Proposed Changes
404 for any block-related information on a slot that was skipped or orphaned
Affected endpoints:
- `/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/{block_id}`
- `/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/{block_id}/root`
- `/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/{block_id}/attestations`
- `/eth/v1/beacon/headers/{block_id}`
## Additional Info
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Bump versions.
## Additional Info
This is a minor release (not patch) due to the very slight change introduced by #2291.
## Proposed Changes
Use two instances of max cover when packing attestations into blocks: one for the previous epoch, and one for the current epoch. This reduces the amount of computation done by roughly half due to the `O(n^2)` running time of max cover (`2 * (n/2)^2 = n^2/2`). This should help alleviate some load on block proposal, particularly on Prater.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Adds a specific log and metric for when a block is enshrined as head with a delay that will caused bad attestations
- We *technically* already expose this information, but it's a little tricky to determine during debugging. This makes it nice and explicit.
- Fixes a minor reporting bug with the validator monitor where it was expecting agg. attestations too early (at half-slot rather than two-thirds-slot).
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Ensure that the [target consistency check](b356f52c5c) is always performed on aggregates.
- Add a regression test.
## Additional Info
NA
This is a small PR that cleans up compiler warnings.
The most controversial change is removing the `data_dir` field from the `BeaconChainBuilder`.
It was removed because it was never read.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: Herman Junge <hermanjunge@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
Which issue # does this PR address?
## Proposed Changes
Avoids cloning the `BeaconState` each time Prometheus scrapes our metrics (generally every 5s 😱).
I think the original motivation behind this was *"don't hold the lock on the head whilst we do computation on it"*, however I think is flawed since our computation here is so small that it'll be quicker than the clone.
The primary motivation here is to maintain a small memory footprint by holding less in memory (i.e., the cloned `BeaconState`) and to avoid the fragmentation-creep that occurs when cloning the big contiguous slabs of memory in the `BeaconState`.
I also collapsed the active/slashed/withdrawn counters into a single loop to increase efficiency.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2094
## Proposed Changes
Fixes scripts for creating local testnets. Adds an option in `lighthouse boot_node` to run with a previously generated enr.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
I noticed the following error on one of our nodes:
```
Mar 18 00:03:35 ip-xxxx lighthouse-bn[333503]: Mar 18 00:03:35.103 ERRO Unable to validate aggregate error: ObservedAttestersError(EpochTooLow { epoch: Epoch(23961), lowest_permissible_epoch: Epoch(23962) }), peer_id: 16Uiu2HAm5GL5KzPLhvfg9MBBFSpBqTVGRFSiTg285oezzWcZzwEv
```
The slot during this log was 766,815 (the last slot of the epoch). I believe this is due to an off-by-one error in `observed_attesters` where we were failing to provide enough capacity to store observations from the previous, current and next epochs. See code comments for further reasoning.
Here's a link to the spec: https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v1.0.1/specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md#beacon_aggregate_and_proof
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2274
## Proposed Changes
* Modify the `YamlConfig` to collect unknown fields into an `extra_fields` map, instead of failing hard.
* Log a debug message if there are extra fields returned to the VC from one of its BNs.
This restores Lighthouse's compatibility with Teku beacon nodes (and therefore Infura)
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2052
## Proposed Changes
- Refactor the attester/proposer duties endpoints in the BN
- Performance improvements
- Fixes some potential inconsistencies with the dependent root fields.
- Removes `http_api::beacon_proposer_cache` and just uses the one on the `BeaconChain` instead.
- Move the code for the proposer/attester duties endpoints into separate files, for readability.
- Refactor the `DutiesService` in the VC
- Required to reduce the delay on broadcasting new blocks.
- Gets rid of the `ValidatorDuty` shim struct that came about when we adopted the standard API.
- Separate block/attestation duty tasks so that they don't block each other when one is slow.
- In the VC, use `PublicKeyBytes` to represent validators instead of `PublicKey`. `PublicKey` is a legit crypto object whilst `PublicKeyBytes` is just a byte-array, it's much faster to clone/hash `PublicKeyBytes` and this change has had a significant impact on runtimes.
- Unfortunately this has created lots of dust changes.
- In the BN, store `PublicKeyBytes` in the `beacon_proposer_cache` and allow access to them. The HTTP API always sends `PublicKeyBytes` over the wire and the conversion from `PublicKey` -> `PublickeyBytes` is non-trivial, especially when queries have 100s/1000s of validators (like Pyrmont).
- Add the `state_processing::state_advance` mod which dedups a lot of the "apply `n` skip slots to the state" code.
- This also fixes a bug with some functions which were failing to include a state root as per [this comment](072695284f/consensus/state_processing/src/state_advance.rs (L69-L74)). I couldn't find any instance of this bug that resulted in anything more severe than keying a shuffling cache by the wrong block root.
- Swap the VC block service to use `mpsc` from `tokio` instead of `futures`. This is consistent with the rest of the code base.
~~This PR *reduces* the size of the codebase 🎉~~ It *used* to reduce the size of the code base before I added more comments.
## Observations on Prymont
- Proposer duties times down from peaks of 450ms to consistent <1ms.
- Current epoch attester duties times down from >1s peaks to a consistent 20-30ms.
- Block production down from +600ms to 100-200ms.
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #2241~~
- ~~Blocked on #2234~~
## TODO
- [x] ~~Refactor this into some smaller PRs?~~ Leaving this as-is for now.
- [x] Address `per_slot_processing` roots.
- [x] Investigate slow next epoch times. Not getting added to cache on block processing?
- [x] Consider [this](072695284f/beacon_node/store/src/hot_cold_store.rs (L811-L812)) in the scenario of replacing the state roots
Co-authored-by: pawan <pawandhananjay@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
While investigating an incorrect head + target vote for the epoch boundary block 708544, I noticed that the state advance failed to prime the proposer cache, as per these logs:
```
Mar 09 21:42:47.448 DEBG Subscribing to subnet target_slot: 708544, subnet: Y, service: attestation_service
Mar 09 21:49:08.063 DEBG Advanced head state one slot current_slot: 708543, state_slot: 708544, head_root: 0xaf5e69de09f384ee3b4fb501458b7000c53bb6758a48817894ec3d2b030e3e6f, service: state_advance
Mar 09 21:49:08.063 DEBG Completed state advance initial_slot: 708543, advanced_slot: 708544, head_root: 0xaf5e69de09f384ee3b4fb501458b7000c53bb6758a48817894ec3d2b030e3e6f, service: state_advance
Mar 09 21:49:14.787 DEBG Proposer shuffling cache miss block_slot: 708544, block_root: 0x9b14bf68667ab1d9c35e6fd2c95ff5d609aa9e8cf08e0071988ae4aa00b9f9fe, parent_slot: 708543, parent_root: 0xaf5e69de09f384ee3b4fb501458b7000c53bb6758a48817894ec3d2b030e3e6f, service: beacon
Mar 09 21:49:14.800 DEBG Successfully processed gossip block root: 0x9b14bf68667ab1d9c35e6fd2c95ff5d609aa9e8cf08e0071988ae4aa00b9f9fe, slot: 708544, graffiti: , service: beacon
Mar 09 21:49:14.800 INFO New block received hash: 0x9b14…f9fe, slot: 708544
Mar 09 21:49:14.984 DEBG Head beacon block slot: 708544, root: 0x9b14…f9fe, finalized_epoch: 22140, finalized_root: 0x28ec…29a7, justified_epoch: 22141, justified_root: 0x59db…e451, service: beacon
Mar 09 21:49:15.055 INFO Unaggregated attestation validator: XXXXX, src: api, slot: 708544, epoch: 22142, delay_ms: 53, index: Y, head: 0xaf5e69de09f384ee3b4fb501458b7000c53bb6758a48817894ec3d2b030e3e6f, service: val_mon
Mar 09 21:49:17.001 DEBG Slot timer sync_state: Synced, current_slot: 708544, head_slot: 708544, head_block: 0x9b14…f9fe, finalized_epoch: 22140, finalized_root: 0x28ec…29a7, peers: 55, service: slot_notifier
```
The reason for this is that the condition was backwards, so that whole block of code was unreachable.
Looking at the attestations for the block included in the block after, we can see that lots of validators missed it. Some of them may be Lighthouse v1.1.1-v1.2.0-rc.0, but it's probable that they would have missed even with the proposer cache primed, given how late the block 708544 arrived (the cache miss occurred 3.787s after the slot start): https://beaconcha.in/block/708545#attestations
This is a small PR which prevents unwanted bootnodes from being added to the DHT and being dialed when the `--disable-discovery` flag is set.
The main reason one would want to disable discovery is to connect to a fix set of peers. Currently, regardless of what the user does, Lighthouse will populate its DHT with previously known peers and also fill it with the spec's bootnodes. It will then dial the bootnodes that are capable of being dialed. This prevents testing with a fixed peer list.
This PR prevents these excess nodes from being added and dialed if the user has set `--disable-discovery`.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Use the pre-states from #2174 during block production.
- Running this on Pyrmont shows block production times dropping from ~550ms to ~150ms.
- Create `crit` and `warn` logs when a block is published to the API later than we expect.
- On mainnet we are issuing a warn if the block is published more than 1s later than the slot start and a crit for more than 3s.
- Rename some methods on the `SnapshotCache` for clarity.
- Add the ability to pass the state root to `BeaconChain::produce_block_on_state` to avoid computing a state root. This is a very common LH optimization.
- Add a metric that tracks how late we broadcast blocks received from the HTTP API. This is *technically* a duplicate of a `ValidatorMonitor` log, but I wanted to have it for the case where we aren't monitoring validators too.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#1787
## Proposed Changes
* Abstract the `ValidatorPubkeyCache` over a "backing" which is either a file (legacy), or the database.
* Implement a migration from schema v2 to schema v3, whereby the contents of the cache file are copied to the DB, and then the file is deleted. The next release to include this change must be a minor version bump, and we will need to warn users of the inability to downgrade (this is our first DB schema change since mainnet genesis).
* Move the schema migration code from the `store` crate into the `beacon_chain` crate so that it can access the datadir and the `ValidatorPubkeyCache`, etc. It gets injected back into the `store` via a closure (similar to what we do in fork choice).
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Problem this PR addresses
There's an issue where Lighthouse is banning a lot of peers due to the following sequence of events:
1. Gossip block 0xabc arrives ~200ms early
- It is propagated across the network, with respect to [`MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v1.0.0/specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md#why-is-there-maximum_gossip_clock_disparity-when-validating-slot-ranges-of-messages-in-gossip-subnets).
- However, it is not imported to our database since the block is early.
2. Attestations for 0xabc arrive, but the block was not imported.
- The peer that sent the attestation is down-voted.
- Each unknown-block attestation causes a score loss of 1, the peer is banned at -100.
- When the peer is on an attestation subnet there can be hundreds of attestations, so the peer is banned quickly (before the missed block can be obtained via rpc).
## Potential solutions
I can think of three solutions to this:
1. Wait for attestation-queuing (#635) to arrive and solve this.
- Easy
- Not immediate fix.
- Whilst this would work, I don't think it's a perfect solution for this particular issue, rather (3) is better.
1. Allow importing blocks with a tolerance of `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`.
- Easy
- ~~I have implemented this, for now.~~
1. If a block is verified for gossip propagation (i.e., signature verified) and it's within `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`, then queue it to be processed at the start of the appropriate slot.
- More difficult
- Feels like the best solution, I will try to implement this.
**This PR takes approach (3).**
## Changes included
- Implement the `block_delay_queue`, based upon a [`DelayQueue`](https://docs.rs/tokio-util/0.6.3/tokio_util/time/delay_queue/struct.DelayQueue.html) which can store blocks until it's time to import them.
- Add a new `DelayedImportBlock` variant to the `beacon_processor::WorkEvent` enum to handle this new event.
- In the `BeaconProcessor`, refactor a `tokio::select!` to a struct with an explicit `Stream` implementation. I experienced some issues with `tokio::select!` in the block delay queue and I also found it hard to debug. I think this explicit implementation is nicer and functionally equivalent (apart from the fact that `tokio::select!` randomly chooses futures to poll, whereas now we're deterministic).
- Add a testing framework to the `beacon_processor` module that tests this new block delay logic. I also tested a handful of other operations in the beacon processor (attns, slashings, exits) since it was super easy to copy-pasta the code from the `http_api` tester.
- To implement these tests I added the concept of an optional `work_journal_tx` to the `BeaconProcessor` which will spit out a log of events. I used this in the tests to ensure that things were happening as I expect.
- The tests are a little racey, but it's hard to avoid that when testing timing-based code. If we see CI failures I can revise. I haven't observed *any* failures due to races on my machine or on CI yet.
- To assist with testing I allowed for directly setting the time on the `ManualSlotClock`.
- I gave the `beacon_processor::Worker` a `Toolbox` for two reasons; (a) it avoids changing tons of function sigs when you want to pass a new object to the worker and (b) it seemed cute.
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2215
## Proposed Changes
Addresses a potential loop when the majority of peers indicate that we are contactable via an IPv6 address.
See https://github.com/sigp/discv5/pull/62 for further rationale.
## Additional Info
The alternative to this PR is to use `--disable-enr-auto-update` and then manually supply an `--enr-address` and `--enr-upd-port`. However, that requires the user to know their IP addresses in order for discovery to work properly. This might not be practical/achievable for some users, hence this hotfix.
The current implementation assumes the range offset of slots downloaded on a batch to equal zero. This conflicts with the condition to consider this chain as sync. For finalized sync, it results in one extra batch being downloaded which can't be processed.
CC @wemeetagain
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Add an optimization to perform `per_slot_processing` from the *leading-edge* of block processing to the *trailing-edge*. Ultimately, this allows us to import the block at slot `n` faster because we used the tail-end of slot `n - 1` to perform `per_slot_processing`.
Additionally, add a "block proposer cache" which allows us to cache the block proposer for some epoch. Since we're now doing trailing-edge `per_slot_processing`, we can prime this cache with the values for the next epoch before those blocks arrive (assuming those blocks don't have some weird forking).
There were several ancillary changes required to achieve this:
- Remove the `state_root` field of `BeaconSnapshot`, since there's no need to know it on a `pre_state` and in all other cases we can just read it from `block.state_root()`.
- This caused some "dust" changes of `snapshot.beacon_state_root` to `snapshot.beacon_state_root()`, where the `BeaconSnapshot::beacon_state_root()` func just reads the state root from the block.
- Rename `types::ShuffingId` to `AttestationShufflingId`. I originally did this because I added a `ProposerShufflingId` struct which turned out to be not so useful. I thought this new name was more descriptive so I kept it.
- Address https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/pull/2196
- Add a debug log when we get a block with an unknown parent. There was previously no logging around this case.
- Add a function to `BeaconState` to compute all proposers for an epoch without re-computing the active indices for each slot.
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #2173~~
- ~~Blocked on #2179~~ That PR was wrapped into this PR.
- There's potentially some places where we could avoid computing the proposer indices in `per_block_processing` but I haven't done this here. These would be an optimization beyond the issue at hand (improving block propagation times) and I think this PR is already doing enough. We can come back for that later.
## TODO
- [x] Tidy, improve comments.
- [x] ~~Try avoid computing proposer index in `per_block_processing`?~~
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Rust 1.50 has landed 🎉
The shiny new `clippy` peers down upon us mere mortals with disgust. Brutish peasants wrapping our `usize`s in superfluous `Option`s... tsk tsk.
I've performed the goat sacrifice and corrected our evil ways in this PR. Tonight we shall pray that Github Actions bestows the almighty green tick upon us.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
resolves#2129resolves#2099
addresses some of #1712
unblocks #2076
unblocks #2153
## Proposed Changes
- Updates all the dependencies mentioned in #2129, except for web3. They haven't merged their tokio 1.0 update because they are waiting on some dependencies of their own. Since we only use web3 in tests, I think updating it in a separate issue is fine. If they are able to merge soon though, I can update in this PR.
- Updates `tokio_util` to 0.6.2 and `bytes` to 1.0.1.
- We haven't made a discv5 release since merging tokio 1.0 updates so I'm using a commit rather than release atm. **Edit:** I think we should merge an update of `tokio_util` to 0.6.2 into discv5 before this release because it has panic fixes in `DelayQueue` --> PR in discv5: https://github.com/sigp/discv5/pull/58
## Additional Info
tokio 1.0 changes that required some changes in lighthouse:
- `interval.next().await.is_some()` -> `interval.tick().await`
- `sleep` future is now `!Unpin` -> https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/3028
- `try_recv` has been temporarily removed from `mpsc` -> https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/3350
- stream features have moved to `tokio-stream` and `broadcast::Receiver::into_stream()` has been temporarily removed -> `https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/2870
- I've copied over the `BroadcastStream` wrapper from this PR, but can update to use `tokio-stream` once it's merged https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/pull/3384
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Which issue # does this PR address?
## Proposed Changes
Replaces use of `format!` in `slog` logging with it's special no-allocation `?` and `%` shortcuts. According to a `heaptrack` analysis today over about a period of an hour, this will reduce temporary allocations by at least 4%.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds some metrics to track delays regarding:
- LH processing of blocks
- delays receiving blocks from other nodes.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2064
## Proposed Changes
Adds a `ValidatorMonitor` struct which provides additional logging and Grafana metrics for specific validators.
Use `lighthouse bn --validator-monitor` to automatically enable monitoring for any validator that hits the [subnet subscription](https://ethereum.github.io/eth2.0-APIs/#/Validator/prepareBeaconCommitteeSubnet) HTTP API endpoint.
Also, use `lighthouse bn --validator-monitor-pubkeys` to supply a list of validators which will always be monitored.
See the new docs included in this PR for more info.
## TODO
- [x] Track validator balance, `slashed` status, etc.
- [x] ~~Register slashings in current epoch, not offense epoch~~
- [ ] Publish Grafana dashboard, update TODO link in docs
- [x] ~~#2130 is merged into this branch, resolve that~~
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Fixes a bug that I missed during a review in #2163. I found this bug by observing that nodes were receiving far less attestations (~1/2 of previous).
I'm not certain on *exactly* how this mistake manifested in a reduction in attestations, but the mistake touches so much code that I think it's reasonable to declare that this it the cause of the observed issue (drop in attestations).
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
The non-finality period on Pyrmont between epochs [`9114`](https://pyrmont.beaconcha.in/epoch/9114) and [`9182`](https://pyrmont.beaconcha.in/epoch/9182) was contributed to by all the `lighthouse_team` validators going down. The nodes saw excessive CPU and RAM usage, resulting in the system to kill the `lighthouse bn` process. The `Restart=on-failure` directive for `systemd` caused the process to bounce in ~10-30m intervals.
Diagnosis with `heaptrack` showed that the `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` function was calling `store::beacon_state::get_full_state` and sometimes resulting in a tree hash cache allocation. These allocations were approximately the size of the hosts physical memory and still allocated when `lighthouse bn` was killed by the OS.
There was no CPU analysis (e.g., `perf`), but the `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` is very CPU-heavy so it is reasonable to assume it is the cause of the excessive CPU usage, too.
## Proposed Changes
`BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` has two paths:
1. Fast path: attesting to the head slot or later.
2. Slow path: attesting to a slot earlier than the head block.
Path (2) is the only path that calls `store::beacon_state::get_full_state`, therefore it is the path causing this excessive CPU/RAM usage.
This PR removes the current functionality of path (2) and replaces it with a static error (`BeaconChainError::AttestingPriorToHead`).
This change reduces the generality of `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` (and therefore [`/eth/v1/validator/attestation_data`](https://ethereum.github.io/eth2.0-APIs/#/Validator/produceAttestationData)), but I argue that this functionality is an edge-case and arguably a violation of the [Honest Validator spec](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/dev/specs/phase0/validator.md).
It's possible that a validator goes back to a prior slot to "catch up" and submit some missed attestations. This change would prevent such behaviour, returning an error. My concerns with this catch-up behaviour is that it is:
- Not specified as "honest validator" attesting behaviour.
- Is behaviour that is risky for slashing (although, all validator clients *should* have slashing protection and will eventually fail if they do not).
- It disguises clock-sync issues between a BN and VC.
## Additional Info
It's likely feasible to implement path (2) if we implement some sort of caching mechanism. This would be a multi-week task and this PR gets the issue patched in the short term. I haven't created an issue to add path (2), instead I think we should implement it if we get user-demand.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Copied from #2083, changes the config milliseconds_per_slot to seconds_per_slot to avoid errors when slot duration is not a multiple of a second. To avoid deserializing old serialized data (with milliseconds instead of seconds) the Serialize and Deserialize derive got removed from the Spec struct (isn't currently used anyway).
This PR replaces #2083 for the purpose of fixing a merge conflict without requiring the input of @blacktemplar.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
As per #2100, uses derives from the sturm library to implement AsRef<str> and AsStaticRef to easily get str values from enums without creating new Strings. Furthermore unifies all attestation error counter into one IntCounterVec vector.
These works are originally by @blacktemplar, I've just created this PR so I can resolve some merge conflicts.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
`test_dht_persistence` failing
## Proposed Changes
Bind `NetworkService::start` to an underscore prefixed variable rather than `_`. `_` was causing it to be dropped immediately
This was failing 5/100 times before this update, but I haven't been able to get it to fail after updating it
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Fixes#2146
## Proposed Changes
Change ping timeout errors to return `LowToleranceErrors` so that we disconnect faster on internet failures/changes.
## Issue Addressed
`cargo audit` is failing because of a potential for an overflow in the version of `smallvec` we're using
## Proposed Changes
Update to the latest version of `smallvec`, which has the fix
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Fixes#2141
Remove [tempdir](https://docs.rs/tempdir/0.3.7/tempdir/) in favor of [tempfile](https://docs.rs/tempfile/3.1.0/tempfile/).
## Proposed Changes
`tempfile` has a slightly different api that makes creating temp folders with a name prefix a chore (`tempdir::TempDir::new("toto")` => `tempfile::Builder::new().prefix("toto").tempdir()`).
So I removed temp folder name prefix where I deemed it not useful.
Otherwise, the functionality is the same.
## Issue Addressed
Catching up to a recently merged API spec PR: https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-APIs/pull/119
## Proposed Changes
- Return an SSZ beacon state on `/eth/v1/debug/beacon/states/{stateId}` when passed this header: `accept: application/octet-stream`.
- requests to this endpoint with no `accept` header or an `accept` header and a value of `application/json` or `*/*` , or will result in a JSON response
## Additional Info
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
None
## Proposed Changes
* Correct typo in one comment, elaborate some others.
* Add asserts to ensure comments match code.
* Eliminate one unnecessary `clone`.
## Additional Info
None
## Proposed Changes
<!-- Please list or describe the changes introduced by this PR. -->
Tweaked the error message for ease of investigation as `Failed to update eth1 cache` is used in multiple places. 😃
This is a little bit of a tip-of-the-iceberg PR. It houses a lot of code changes in the libp2p dependency.
This needs a bit of thorough testing before merging.
The primary code changes are:
- General libp2p dependency update
- Gossipsub refactor to shift compression into gossipsub providing performance improvements and improved API for handling compression
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Proposed Changes
`@potuz` on the Eth R&D Discord observed that Lighthouse blocks on Pyrmont were always arriving at other nodes after at least 1 second. Part of this could be due to processing and slow propagation, but metrics also revealed that the Lighthouse nodes were usually taking 400-600ms to even just produce a block before broadcasting it.
I tracked the slowness down to the lack of a pre-built tree hash cache (THC) on the states being used for block production. This was due to using the head state for block production, which lacks a THC in order to keep fork choice fast (cloning a THC takes at least 30ms for 100k validators). This PR modifies block production to clone a state from the snapshot cache rather than the head, which speeds things up by 200-400ms by avoiding the tree hash cache rebuild. In practice this seems to have cut block production time down to 300ms or less. Ideally we could _remove_ the snapshot from the cache (and save the 30ms), but it is required for when we re-process the block after signing it with the validator client.
## Alternatives
I experimented with 2 alternatives to this approach, before deciding on it:
* Alternative 1: ensure the `head` has a tree hash cache. This is too slow, as it imposes a +30ms hit on fork choice, which currently takes ~5ms (with occasional spikes).
* Alternative 2: use `Arc<BeaconSnapshot>` in the snapshot cache and share snapshots between the cache and the `head`. This made fork choice blazing fast (1ms), and block production the same as in this PR, but had a negative impact on block processing which I don't think is worth it. It ended up being necessary to clone the full state from the snapshot cache during block production, imposing the +30ms penalty there _as well_ as in block production.
In contract, the approach in this PR should only impact block production, and it improves it! Yay for pareto improvements 🎉
## Additional Info
This commit (ac59dfa) is currently running on all the Lighthouse Pyrmont nodes, and I've added a dashboard to the Pyrmont grafana instance with the metrics.
In future work we should optimise the attestation packing, which consumes around 30-60ms and is now a substantial contributor to the total.
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#1883
## Proposed Changes
This follows on from @blacktemplar's work in #2018.
- Allows the VC to connect to multiple BN for redundancy.
- Update the simulator so some nodes always need to rely on their fallback.
- Adds some extra deprecation warnings for `--eth1-endpoint`
- Pass `SignatureBytes` as a reference instead of by value.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Fixes multiple issues related to discovering of subnet peers.
1. Subnet discovery retries after yielding no results
2. Metadata updates if peer send older metadata
3. peerdb stores the peer subscriptions from gossipsub
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Fixes problems with slot times below 1 second which got revealed by running the syncing simulator with the default speedup time.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2048
## Proposed Changes
* Broadcast slashings when the `--slasher-broadcast` flag is provided.
* In the process of implementing this I refactored the slasher service into its own crate so that it could access the network code without creating a circular dependency. I moved the responsibility for putting slashings into the op pool into the service as well, as it makes sense for it to handle the whole slashing lifecycle.
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
There seemed to be confusion among discord users on the eth1 fallback logging
```
WARN Error connecting to eth1 node. Trying fallback ..., endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:8545/, service: eth1_rpc
```
The assumption users seem to be making here is that it is trying the fallback and fallback=endpoint in the log.
This PR improves the logging to be like
```
WARN Error connecting to eth1 node endpoint, endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:8545/, action: trying fallbacks, service: eth1_rpc
```
I think this is a bit more clear that the endpoint that failed is the one in the log.
## Issue Addressed
Related to #1891, The error is not in the spec yet (see ethereum/eth2.0-specs#2131)
## Proposed Changes
Implement the proposed error, banning peers that send it
## Additional Info
NA
## Proposed Changes
Run cargo update and bump version in prep for v1.0.4 release
## Additional Info
Planning to merge this commit to `unstable`, test on Pyrmont and canary nodes, then push to `stable`.
## Issue Addressed
Users are reporting errors for sending attestations to peers. If the clock sync is a little out or we receive attestations before blocks, peers are being too harshly penalized. They can get scored many times per missing block and we typically need these peers on subnets.
## Proposed Changes
This removes the penalization for missing blocks with attestations. The penalty should be handled when #635 gets built as it will allow us to group attestations per missing block and penalize once.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2028
Replaces #2059
## Proposed Changes
If writing to the database fails while importing a block, revert fork choice to the last version stored on disk. This prevents fork choice from being ahead of the blocks on disk. Having fork choice ahead is particularly bad if it is later successfully written to disk, because it renders the database corrupt (see #2028).
## Additional Info
* This mitigation might fail if the head+fork choice haven't been persisted yet, which can only happen at first startup (see #2067)
* This relies on it being OK for the head tracker to be ahead of fork choice. I figure this is tolerable because blocks only get added to the head tracker after successfully being written on disk _and_ to fork choice, so even if fork choice reverts a little bit, when the pruning algorithm runs, those blocks will still be on disk and OK to prune. The pruning algorithm also doesn't rely on heads being unique, technically it's OK for multiple blocks from the same linear chain segment to be present in the head tracker. This begs the question of #1785 (i.e. things would be simpler with the head tracker out of the way). Alternatively, this PR could just revert the head tracker as well (I'll look into this tomorrow).
## Issue Addressed
Closes#1264
## Proposed Changes
* Milagro BLS: tweak the feature flags so that Milagro doesn't get compiled if we're using BLST. Profiling showed that it was consuming about 1 minute of CPU time out of 60 minutes of CPU time (real time ~15 mins). A 1.6% saving.
* Reduce monomorphization: compiling for 3 different `EthSpec` types causes a heck of a lot of generic functions to be instantiated (monomorphized). Removing 2 of 3 cuts the LLVM+linking step from around 250 seconds to 180 seconds, a saving of 70 seconds (real time!). This applies only to `make` and not the CI build, because we test with the minimal spec on CI.
* Update `web3` crate to v0.13. This is perhaps the most controversial change, because it requires axing some deposit contract tools from `lcli`. I suspect these tools weren't used much anyway, and could be maintained separately, but I'm also happy to revert this change. However, it does save us a lot of compile time. With #1839, we now have 3 versions of Tokio (and all of Tokio's deps). This change brings us down to 2 versions, but 1 should be achievable once web3 (and reqwest) move to Tokio 0.3.
* Remove `lcli` from the Docker image. It's a dev tool and can be built from the repo if required.
## Issue Addressed
#2046
## Proposed Changes
The log was originally intended to verify the correct logic and ordering of events when scoring peers. The queued tasks can be structured in such a way that peers can be banned after they are disconnected. Therefore the error log is now downgraded to debug log.
## Issue Addressed
#1992 and #1987, and also to be considered a continuation of #1751
## Proposed Changes
many changed files but most are renaming to align the code with the semantics of `--network`
- remove the `--network` default value (in clap) and instead set it after checking the `network` and `testnet-dir` flags
- move `eth2_testnet_config` crate to `eth2_network_config`
- move `Eth2TestnetConfig` to `Eth2NetworkConfig`
- move `DEFAULT_HARDCODED_TESTNET` to `DEFAULT_HARDCODED_NETWORK`
- `beacon_node`s `get_eth2_testnet_config` loads the `DEFAULT_HARDCODED_NETWORK` if there is no network nor testnet provided
- `boot_node`s config loads the config same as the `beacon_node`, it was using the configuration only for preconfigured networks (That code is ~1year old so I asume it was not intended)
- removed a one year old comment stating we should try to emulate `https://github.com/eth2-clients/eth2-testnets/tree/master/nimbus/testnet1` it looks outdated (?)
- remove `lighthouse`s `load_testnet_config` in favor of `get_eth2_network_config` to centralize that logic (It had differences)
- some spelling
## Additional Info
Both the command of #1992 and the scripts of #1987 seem to work fine, same as `bn` and `vc`
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This was mostly done to find the reason why LH was dropping peers from Nimbus. It proved to be useful so I think it's worth it. But there is also some functional stuff here
- Add metrics for rpc errors per client, error type and direction
- Add metrics for downscoring events per source type, client and penalty type
- Add metrics for gossip validation results per client for non-accepted messages
- Make the RPC handler return errors and requests/responses in the order we see them
- Allow a small burst for the Ping rate limit, from 1 every 5 seconds to 2 every 10 seconds
- Send rate limiting errors with a particular code and use that same code to identify them. I picked something different to 128 since that is most likely what other clients are using for their own errors
- Remove some unused code in the `PeerAction` and the rpc handler
- Remove the unused variant `RateLimited`. tTis was never produced directly, since the only way to get the request's protocol is via de handler. The handler upon receiving from LH a response with an error (rate limited in this case) emits this event with the missing info (It was always like this, just pointing out that we do downscore rate limiting errors regardless of the change)
Metrics for Nimbus looked like this:
Downscoring events: `increase(libp2p_peer_actions_per_client{client="Nimbus"}[5m])`
RPC Errors: `increase(libp2p_rpc_errors_per_client{client="Nimbus"}[5m])`
Unaccepted gossip message: `increase(gossipsub_unaccepted_messages_per_client{client="Nimbus"}[5m])`
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Updates out of date dependencies.
## Additional Info
See also https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/1712 for a list of dependencies that are still out of date and the resasons.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2042
## Proposed Changes
Pass blocks that fail gossip verification to the slasher. Blocks that are successfully verified are not passed immediately, but will be passed as part of full block verification.
## Issue
Some eth1 clients are missing deposit logs on mainnet for multiple reasons (not fully synced, eth1 client issues) because of which we are getting `FailedToInsertDeposit` errors.
Ideally, LH should pick up where it left off after pointing it to a nice eth1 client endpoint (which has all deposits).
However, I have seen instances where LH keeps getting `FailedToInsertDeposit` even after switching to a good endpoint. Only deleting the beacon directory (which also wipes the eth1 cache) and resyncing the eth1 caches seems to be the solution. This wouldn't be great for mainnet if you have to sync your beacon node again as well.
## Proposed Changes
Add a `--purge-eth1-db` option which just wipes the eth1 cache and doesn't touch the rest of the beacon db.
Still need to investigate if and why LH isn't picking up where it left off for the deposit logs sync, but I think it would be good to have an option to just delete eth1 caches regardless.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#1434 (this is the last major feature in the standard spec. There are only a couple of places we may be off-spec due to recent spec changes or ongoing discussion)
Partly addresses #1669
## Proposed Changes
- remove the websocket server
- remove the `TeeEventHandler` and `NullEventHandler`
- add server sent events according to the eth2 API spec
## Additional Info
This is according to the currently unmerged PR here: https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-APIs/pull/117
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2035
## Proposed Changes
Update 405's to 400's for failures when we are parsing path params.
## Additional Info
Haven't updated the same for non-standard endpoints
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Fixes a couple of low hanging fruits.
- Fixes#2037
- `validators-dir` and `secrets-dir` flags don't really need to depend upon each other
- Fixes#2006 and Fixes#1995
Adds a `--privacy` CLI flag to the beacon node that users may opt into.
This does two things:
- Removes client identifying information from the identify libp2p protocol
- Changes the default graffiti to "" if no graffiti is set.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Log about eth1 whilst waiting for genesis.
- For the block and deposit caches, update them after each download instead of when *all* downloads are complete.
- This prevents the case where a single timeout error can cause us to drop *all* previously download blocks/deposits.
- Set `max_log_requests_per_update` to avoid timeouts due to very large log counts in a response.
- Set `max_blocks_per_update` to prevent a single update of the block cache to download an unreasonable number of blocks.
- This shouldn't have any affect in normal use, it's just a safe-guard against bugs.
- Increase the timeout for eth1 calls from 15s to 60s, as per @pawanjay176's experience with Infura.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Following slog's documentation, this should help a bit with string allocations. I left it run for two days and mem usage is lower. This is of course anecdotal, but shouldn't harm anyway
## Proposed Changes
remove `String` creation in logs when possible
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This was causing:
```
Nov 28 21:56:08.154 ERRO slog-async: logger dropped messages due to channel overflow, count: 44, service: libp2p
```
## Additional Info
NA
Update lighthouse to version `v1.0.2`.
There are two major updates in this version:
- Updates to the task executor to tokio 0.3 and all sub-dependencies relying on core execution, including libp2p
- Update BLST
## Description
This PR updates Lighthouse to tokio 0.3. It includes a number of dependency updates and some structural changes as to how we create and spawn tasks.
This also brings with it a number of various improvements:
- Discv5 update
- Libp2p update
- Fix for recompilation issues
- Improved UPnP port mapping handling
- Futures dependency update
- Log downgrade to traces for rejecting peers when we've reached our max
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
part of #1883
## Proposed Changes
Adds a new cli argument `--eth1-endpoints` that can be used instead of `--eth1-endpoint` to specify a comma-separated list of endpoints. If the first endpoint returns an error for some request the other endpoints are tried in the given order.
## Additional Info
Currently if the first endpoint fails the fallbacks are used silently (except for `try_fallback_test_endpoint` that is used in `do_update` which logs a `WARN` for each endpoint that is not reachable). A question is if we should add more logs so that the user gets warned if his main endpoint is for example just slow and sometimes hits timeouts.
## Proposed Changes
A user on Discord reported build issues when trying to compile Lighthouse checked out to a path with spaces in it. I've fixed the issue upstream in `leveldb-sys` (https://github.com/skade/leveldb-sys/pull/22), but rather than waiting for a new release of the `leveldb` crate, we can also work around the issue by disabling Snappy in LevelDB, which we weren't using anyway.
This may also have the side-effect of slightly improving compilation times, as LevelDB+Snappy was found to be a substantial contributor to build time (although I'm not sure how much was LevelDB and how much was Snappy).
## Issue Addressed
- Add metrics to keep track of peer counts by sync type
- Add metric to keep track of the number of syncing chains in range
## Proposed Changes
Plugin to the network metrics update interval and update too the counts for peers wrt to their sync status with us
## Additional Info
For the peer counts
- By the way it is implemented the numbers won't always match to the total peer count in the `libp2p` metric.
- Updating the gauge with every change is messy because it requires to be updated on connection (in the `eth2_libp2p` crate, while metrics are defined in the `network` crate) on Goodbye sent (for an `IrrelevantPeer`) either in the `beacon_processor` or the `peer_manager`, and on disconnection. Since this is not a critical metric I think counting once every second is enough. If you think more accuracy is needed we can do it too, but it would be harder to maintain)
ATM those look like this
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
- Adds a HTTP server to the VC which provides Prometheus metrics.
- Moves the health metrics into the `lighthouse_metrics` crate so it can be shared between BN/VC.
- Sprinkle some metrics around the VC.
- Update the book to indicate that we now have VC metrics.
- Shifts the "waiting for genesis" logic later in the `ProductionValidatorClient::new_from_cli`
- This is worth attention during the review.
## Additional Info
- ~~`clippy` has some new lints that are failing. I'll deal with that in another PR.~~
