Add progress on reduced tree fork choice

This commit is contained in:
Paul Hauner 2019-06-15 09:56:41 -04:00
parent 4b4c9a98df
commit 4a3d54761a
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15 changed files with 1418 additions and 316 deletions

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@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
[workspace]
members = [
"eth2/fork_choice",
"eth2/fork_choice_2",
"eth2/operation_pool",
"eth2/state_processing",
"eth2/types",

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@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
use crate::Store;
use std::sync::Arc;
use types::{BeaconBlock, BeaconState, BeaconStateError, EthSpec, Hash256, Slot};
/// Extends `BlockRootsIterator`, returning `BeaconBlock` instances, instead of their roots.
pub struct BlockIterator<T: EthSpec, U> {
roots: BlockRootsIterator<T, U>,
}
impl<T: EthSpec, U: Store> BlockIterator<T, U> {
/// Create a new iterator over all blocks in the given `beacon_state` and prior states.
pub fn new(store: Arc<U>, beacon_state: BeaconState<T>, start_slot: Slot) -> Self {
Self {
roots: BlockRootsIterator::new(store, beacon_state, start_slot),
}
}
}
impl<T: EthSpec, U: Store> Iterator for BlockIterator<T, U> {
type Item = BeaconBlock;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
let (root, _slot) = self.roots.next()?;
self.roots.store.get(&root).ok()?
}
}
/// Iterates backwards through block roots.
///
/// Uses the `latest_block_roots` field of `BeaconState` to as the source of block roots and will
/// perform a lookup on the `Store` for a prior `BeaconState` if `latest_block_roots` has been
/// exhausted.
///
/// Returns `None` for roots prior to genesis or when there is an error reading from `Store`.
pub struct BlockRootsIterator<T: EthSpec, U> {
store: Arc<U>,
beacon_state: BeaconState<T>,
slot: Slot,
}
impl<T: EthSpec, U: Store> BlockRootsIterator<T, U> {
/// Create a new iterator over all block roots in the given `beacon_state` and prior states.
pub fn new(store: Arc<U>, beacon_state: BeaconState<T>, start_slot: Slot) -> Self {
Self {
slot: start_slot,
beacon_state,
store,
}
}
}
impl<T: EthSpec, U: Store> Iterator for BlockRootsIterator<T, U> {
type Item = (Hash256, Slot);
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
if (self.slot == 0) || (self.slot > self.beacon_state.slot) {
return None;
}
self.slot -= 1;
match self.beacon_state.get_block_root(self.slot) {
Ok(root) => Some((*root, self.slot)),
Err(BeaconStateError::SlotOutOfBounds) => {
// Read a `BeaconState` from the store that has access to prior historical root.
self.beacon_state = {
// Load the earlier state from disk. Skip forward one slot, because a state
// doesn't return it's own state root.
let new_state_root = self.beacon_state.get_state_root(self.slot + 1).ok()?;
self.store.get(&new_state_root).ok()?
}?;
let root = self.beacon_state.get_block_root(self.slot).ok()?;
Some((*root, self.slot))
}
_ => None,
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
use super::*;
use crate::MemoryStore;
use types::{test_utils::TestingBeaconStateBuilder, Keypair, MainnetEthSpec};
fn get_state<T: EthSpec>() -> BeaconState<T> {
let builder = TestingBeaconStateBuilder::from_single_keypair(
0,
&Keypair::random(),
&T::default_spec(),
);
let (state, _keypairs) = builder.build();
state
}
#[test]
fn root_iter() {
let store = Arc::new(MemoryStore::open());
let slots_per_historical_root = MainnetEthSpec::slots_per_historical_root();
let mut state_a: BeaconState<MainnetEthSpec> = get_state();
let mut state_b: BeaconState<MainnetEthSpec> = get_state();
state_a.slot = Slot::from(slots_per_historical_root);
state_b.slot = Slot::from(slots_per_historical_root * 2);
let mut hashes = (0..).into_iter().map(|i| Hash256::from(i));
for root in &mut state_a.latest_block_roots[..] {
*root = hashes.next().unwrap()
}
for root in &mut state_b.latest_block_roots[..] {
*root = hashes.next().unwrap()
}
let state_a_root = hashes.next().unwrap();
state_b.latest_state_roots[0] = state_a_root;
store.put(&state_a_root, &state_a).unwrap();
let iter = BlockRootsIterator::new(store.clone(), state_b.clone(), state_b.slot - 1);
let mut collected: Vec<(Hash256, Slot)> = iter.collect();
collected.reverse();
let expected_len = 2 * MainnetEthSpec::slots_per_historical_root() - 1;
assert_eq!(collected.len(), expected_len);
for i in 0..expected_len {
assert_eq!(collected[i].0, Hash256::from(i as u64));
}
}
}

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@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ mod impls;
mod leveldb_store;
mod memory_store;
pub mod iter;
pub use self::leveldb_store::LevelDB as DiskStore;
pub use self::memory_store::MemoryStore;
pub use errors::Error;

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@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
[package]
name = "fork_choice"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["Age Manning <Age@AgeManning.com>"]
edition = "2018"
[[bench]]
name = "benches"
harness = false
[dependencies]
store = { path = "../../beacon_node/store" }
ssz = { path = "../utils/ssz" }
types = { path = "../types" }
log = "0.4.6"
bit-vec = "0.5.0"
[dev-dependencies]
criterion = "0.2"
hex = "0.3.2"
yaml-rust = "0.4.2"
bls = { path = "../utils/bls" }
slot_clock = { path = "../utils/slot_clock" }
beacon_chain = { path = "../../beacon_node/beacon_chain" }
env_logger = "0.6.0"

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@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
use criterion::Criterion;
use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Benchmark};
use fork_choice::{test_utils::TestingForkChoiceBuilder, ForkChoice, OptimizedLMDGhost};
use std::sync::Arc;
use store::MemoryStore;
use types::{ChainSpec, EthSpec, MainnetEthSpec};
pub type TestedForkChoice<T, U> = OptimizedLMDGhost<T, U>;
pub type TestedEthSpec = MainnetEthSpec;
/// Helper function to setup a builder and spec.
fn setup(
validator_count: usize,
chain_length: usize,
) -> (
TestingForkChoiceBuilder<MemoryStore, TestedEthSpec>,
ChainSpec,
) {
let store = MemoryStore::open();
let builder: TestingForkChoiceBuilder<MemoryStore, TestedEthSpec> =
TestingForkChoiceBuilder::new(validator_count, chain_length, Arc::new(store));
let spec = TestedEthSpec::default_spec();
(builder, spec)
}
/// Benches adding blocks to fork_choice.
fn add_block(c: &mut Criterion) {
let validator_count = 16;
let chain_length = 100;
let (builder, spec) = setup(validator_count, chain_length);
c.bench(
&format!("{}_blocks", chain_length),
Benchmark::new("add_blocks", move |b| {
b.iter(|| {
let mut fc = builder.build::<TestedForkChoice<MemoryStore, TestedEthSpec>>();
for (root, block) in builder.chain.iter().skip(1) {
fc.add_block(block, root, &spec).unwrap();
}
})
})
.sample_size(10),
);
}
/// Benches fork choice head finding.
fn find_head(c: &mut Criterion) {
let validator_count = 16;
let chain_length = 64 * 2;
let (builder, spec) = setup(validator_count, chain_length);
let mut fc = builder.build::<TestedForkChoice<MemoryStore, TestedEthSpec>>();
for (root, block) in builder.chain.iter().skip(1) {
fc.add_block(block, root, &spec).unwrap();
}
let head_root = builder.chain.last().unwrap().0;
for i in 0..validator_count {
fc.add_attestation(i as u64, &head_root, &spec).unwrap();
}
c.bench(
&format!("{}_blocks", chain_length),
Benchmark::new("find_head", move |b| {
b.iter(|| fc.find_head(&builder.genesis_root(), &spec).unwrap())
})
.sample_size(10),
);
}
criterion_group!(benches, add_block, find_head);
criterion_main!(benches);

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@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
use fork_choice::{test_utils::TestingForkChoiceBuilder, ForkChoice, OptimizedLMDGhost};
use std::sync::Arc;
use store::{MemoryStore, Store};
use types::{BeaconBlock, ChainSpec, EthSpec, Hash256, MainnetEthSpec};
fn main() {
let validator_count = 16;
let chain_length = 100;
let repetitions = 50;
let store = MemoryStore::open();
let builder: TestingForkChoiceBuilder<MemoryStore, MainnetEthSpec> =
TestingForkChoiceBuilder::new(validator_count, chain_length, Arc::new(store));
let fork_choosers: Vec<OptimizedLMDGhost<MemoryStore, MainnetEthSpec>> = (0..repetitions)
.into_iter()
.map(|_| builder.build())
.collect();
let spec = &MainnetEthSpec::default_spec();
println!("Running {} times...", repetitions);
for fc in fork_choosers {
do_thing(fc, &builder.chain, builder.genesis_root(), spec);
}
}
#[inline(never)]
fn do_thing<F: ForkChoice<S>, S: Store>(
mut fc: F,
chain: &[(Hash256, BeaconBlock)],
genesis_root: Hash256,
spec: &ChainSpec,
) {
for (root, block) in chain.iter().skip(1) {
fc.add_block(block, root, spec).unwrap();
}
let _head = fc.find_head(&genesis_root, spec).unwrap();
}

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@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
title: Fork-choice Tests
summary: A collection of abstract fork-choice tests for bitwise lmd ghost.
test_suite: Fork-Choice
test_cases:
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b1'
weights:
- b0: 0
- b1: 0
- b2: 5
- b3: 10
heads:
- id: 'b3'
# bitwise LMD ghost example. bitwise GHOST gives b2
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b0'
weights:
- b1: 5
- b2: 4
- b3: 3
heads:
- id: 'b2'
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b4'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b5'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b6'
parent: 'b2'
- id: 'b7'
parent: 'b6'
weights:
- b0: 0
- b1: 3
- b2: 2
- b3: 1
- b4: 1
- b5: 1
- b6: 2
- b7: 2
heads:
- id: 'b4'
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b4'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b5'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b6'
parent: 'b2'
- id: 'b7'
parent: 'b2'
- id: 'b8'
parent: 'b3'
- id: 'b9'
parent: 'b3'
weights:
- b1: 2
- b2: 1
- b3: 1
- b4: 7
- b5: 5
- b6: 2
- b7: 4
- b8: 4
- b9: 2
heads:
- id: 'b4'
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b4'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b5'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b6'
parent: 'b2'
- id: 'b7'
parent: 'b2'
- id: 'b8'
parent: 'b3'
- id: 'b9'
parent: 'b3'
weights:
- b1: 1
- b2: 1
- b3: 1
- b4: 7
- b5: 5
- b6: 2
- b7: 4
- b8: 4
- b9: 2
heads:
- id: 'b7'
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
weights:
- b1: 0
- b2: 0
heads:
- id: 'b1'

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@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
title: Fork-choice Tests
summary: A collection of abstract fork-choice tests for lmd ghost.
test_suite: Fork-Choice
test_cases:
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b1'
weights:
- b0: 0
- b1: 0
- b2: 5
- b3: 10
heads:
- id: 'b3'
# bitwise LMD ghost example. GHOST gives b1
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b0'
weights:
- b1: 5
- b2: 4
- b3: 3
heads:
- id: 'b1'
# equal weights children. Should choose lower hash b2
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b0'
weights:
- b1: 5
- b2: 6
- b3: 6
heads:
- id: 'b2'
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b0'
weights:
- b1: 0
- b2: 0
heads:
- id: 'b1'

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@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
title: Fork-choice Tests
summary: A collection of abstract fork-choice tests to verify the longest chain fork-choice rule.
test_suite: Fork-Choice
test_cases:
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b4'
parent: 'b3'
weights:
- b0: 0
- b1: 0
- b2: 10
- b3: 1
heads:
- id: 'b4'
- blocks:
- id: 'b0'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b1'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b2'
parent: 'b1'
- id: 'b3'
parent: 'b2'
- id: 'b4'
parent: 'b3'
- id: 'b5'
parent: 'b0'
- id: 'b6'
parent: 'b5'
- id: 'b7'
parent: 'b6'
- id: 'b8'
parent: 'b7'
- id: 'b9'
parent: 'b8'
weights:
- b0: 5
- b1: 20
- b2: 10
- b3: 10
heads:
- id: 'b9'

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@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
#![cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
/// Tests the available fork-choice algorithms
pub use beacon_chain::BeaconChain;
use bls::Signature;
use store::MemoryStore;
use store::Store;
// use env_logger::{Builder, Env};
use fork_choice::{BitwiseLMDGhost, ForkChoice, LongestChain, OptimizedLMDGhost, SlowLMDGhost};
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::{fs::File, io::prelude::*, path::PathBuf};
use types::test_utils::TestingBeaconStateBuilder;
use types::{
BeaconBlock, BeaconBlockBody, Eth1Data, EthSpec, Hash256, Keypair, MainnetEthSpec, Slot,
};
use yaml_rust::yaml;
// Note: We Assume the block Id's are hex-encoded.
#[test]
fn test_optimized_lmd_ghost() {
// set up logging
// Builder::from_env(Env::default().default_filter_or("trace")).init();
test_yaml_vectors::<OptimizedLMDGhost<MemoryStore, MainnetEthSpec>>(
"tests/lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml",
100,
);
}
#[test]
fn test_bitwise_lmd_ghost() {
// set up logging
//Builder::from_env(Env::default().default_filter_or("trace")).init();
test_yaml_vectors::<BitwiseLMDGhost<MemoryStore, MainnetEthSpec>>(
"tests/bitwise_lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml",
100,
);
}
#[test]
fn test_slow_lmd_ghost() {
test_yaml_vectors::<SlowLMDGhost<MemoryStore, MainnetEthSpec>>(
"tests/lmd_ghost_test_vectors.yaml",
100,
);
}
#[test]
fn test_longest_chain() {
test_yaml_vectors::<LongestChain<MemoryStore>>("tests/longest_chain_test_vectors.yaml", 100);
}
// run a generic test over given YAML test vectors
fn test_yaml_vectors<T: ForkChoice<MemoryStore>>(
yaml_file_path: &str,
emulated_validators: usize, // the number of validators used to give weights.
) {
// load test cases from yaml
let test_cases = load_test_cases_from_yaml(yaml_file_path);
// default vars
let spec = MainnetEthSpec::default_spec();
let zero_hash = Hash256::zero();
let eth1_data = Eth1Data {
deposit_count: 0,
deposit_root: zero_hash.clone(),
block_hash: zero_hash.clone(),
};
let randao_reveal = Signature::empty_signature();
let signature = Signature::empty_signature();
let body = BeaconBlockBody {
eth1_data,
randao_reveal,
graffiti: [0; 32],
proposer_slashings: vec![],
attester_slashings: vec![],
attestations: vec![],
deposits: vec![],
voluntary_exits: vec![],
transfers: vec![],
};
// process the tests
for test_case in test_cases {
// setup a fresh test
let (mut fork_choice, store, state_root) = setup_inital_state::<T>(emulated_validators);
// keep a hashmap of block_id's to block_hashes (random hashes to abstract block_id)
//let mut block_id_map: HashMap<String, Hash256> = HashMap::new();
// keep a list of hash to slot
let mut block_slot: HashMap<Hash256, Slot> = HashMap::new();
// assume the block tree is given to us in order.
let mut genesis_hash = None;
for block in test_case["blocks"].clone().into_vec().unwrap() {
let block_id = block["id"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
let parent_id = block["parent"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
// default params for genesis
let block_hash = id_to_hash(&block_id);
let mut slot = spec.genesis_slot;
let previous_block_root = id_to_hash(&parent_id);
// set the slot and parent based off the YAML. Start with genesis;
// if not the genesis, update slot
if parent_id != block_id {
// find parent slot
slot = *(block_slot
.get(&previous_block_root)
.expect("Parent should have a slot number"))
+ 1;
} else {
genesis_hash = Some(block_hash);
}
// update slot mapping
block_slot.insert(block_hash, slot);
// build the BeaconBlock
let beacon_block = BeaconBlock {
slot,
previous_block_root,
state_root: state_root.clone(),
signature: signature.clone(),
body: body.clone(),
};
// Store the block.
store.put(&block_hash, &beacon_block).unwrap();
// run add block for fork choice if not genesis
if parent_id != block_id {
fork_choice
.add_block(&beacon_block, &block_hash, &spec)
.unwrap();
}
}
// add the weights (attestations)
let mut current_validator = 0;
for id_map in test_case["weights"].clone().into_vec().unwrap() {
// get the block id and weights
for (map_id, map_weight) in id_map.as_hash().unwrap().iter() {
let id = map_id.as_str().unwrap();
let block_root = id_to_hash(&id.to_string());
let weight = map_weight.as_i64().unwrap();
// we assume a validator has a value 1 and add an attestation for to achieve the
// correct weight
for _ in 0..weight {
assert!(
current_validator <= emulated_validators,
"Not enough validators to emulate weights"
);
fork_choice
.add_attestation(current_validator as u64, &block_root, &spec)
.unwrap();
current_validator += 1;
}
}
}
// everything is set up, run the fork choice, using genesis as the head
let head = fork_choice
.find_head(&genesis_hash.unwrap(), &spec)
.unwrap();
// compare the result to the expected test
let success = test_case["heads"]
.clone()
.into_vec()
.unwrap()
.iter()
.find(|heads| id_to_hash(&heads["id"].as_str().unwrap().to_string()) == head)
.is_some();
println!("Head found: {}", head);
assert!(success, "Did not find one of the possible heads");
}
}
// loads the test_cases from the supplied yaml file
fn load_test_cases_from_yaml(file_path: &str) -> Vec<yaml_rust::Yaml> {
// load the yaml
let mut file = {
let mut file_path_buf = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"));
file_path_buf.push(file_path);
File::open(file_path_buf).unwrap()
};
let mut yaml_str = String::new();
file.read_to_string(&mut yaml_str).unwrap();
let docs = yaml::YamlLoader::load_from_str(&yaml_str).unwrap();
let doc = &docs[0];
doc["test_cases"].as_vec().unwrap().clone()
}
fn setup_inital_state<T>(
// fork_choice_algo: &ForkChoiceAlgorithm,
num_validators: usize
) -> (T, Arc<MemoryStore>, Hash256)
where
T: ForkChoice<MemoryStore>,
{
let store = Arc::new(MemoryStore::open());
let fork_choice = ForkChoice::new(store.clone());
let spec = MainnetEthSpec::default_spec();
let mut state_builder: TestingBeaconStateBuilder<MainnetEthSpec> =
TestingBeaconStateBuilder::from_single_keypair(num_validators, &Keypair::random(), &spec);
state_builder.build_caches(&spec).unwrap();
let (state, _keypairs) = state_builder.build();
let state_root = state.canonical_root();
store.put(&state_root, &state).unwrap();
// return initialised vars
(fork_choice, store, state_root)
}
// convert a block_id into a Hash256 -- assume input is hex encoded;
fn id_to_hash(id: &String) -> Hash256 {
let bytes = hex::decode(id).expect("Block ID should be hex");
let len = std::cmp::min(bytes.len(), 32);
let mut fixed_bytes = [0u8; 32];
for (index, byte) in bytes.iter().take(32).enumerate() {
fixed_bytes[32 - len + index] = *byte;
}
Hash256::from(fixed_bytes)
}

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@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
pub mod bitwise_lmd_ghost;
pub mod longest_chain;
pub mod optimized_lmd_ghost;
pub mod reduced_tree;
pub mod slow_lmd_ghost;
pub mod test_utils;

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@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
use std::ops::Range;
use types::Hash256;
pub const SKIP_LIST_LEN: usize = 16;
pub type Height = usize;
pub type Slot = u64;
#[derive(Default, Clone)]
pub struct Node {
pub parent_hash: Option<Hash256>,
pub children: Vec<Hash256>,
pub score: u64,
pub height: Height,
pub block_hash: Hash256,
}
impl Node {
fn does_not_have_children(&self) -> bool {
self.children.is_empty()
}
}
pub struct ReducedTree {
store: Store,
nodes: HashMap<Hash256, Node>,
root: Hash256,
slots_at_height: SortedList<Slot>,
blocks_at_height: HashMap<Height, Vec<Hash256>>,
}
impl ReducedTree {
pub fn new(root: Hash256, height: Height) -> Self {
let mut node: Node = Node::default();
node.height = 0;
let mut nodes = HashMap::new();
nodes.insert(root, Node::default());
let mut blocks_at_height = HashMap::new();
blocks_at_height.insert(height, vec![root]);
Self {
store: Store::default(),
nodes,
root,
slots_at_height: SortedList::new(),
blocks_at_height,
}
}
pub fn add_node(&mut self, hash: Hash256, block_hash: Hash256) -> Option<()> {
// TODO: resolve clone.
let mut prev_in_tree = self
.find_prev_in_tree(hash, 0..self.slots_at_height.len())?
.clone();
let mut node = Node {
block_hash,
parent_hash: Some(prev_in_tree.block_hash),
..Node::default()
};
if prev_in_tree.does_not_have_children() {
node.parent_hash = Some(prev_in_tree.block_hash);
prev_in_tree.children.push(hash);
} else {
for child_hash in prev_in_tree.children {
let ancestor_hash = self.find_least_common_ancestor(hash, child_hash)?;
if ancestor_hash != prev_in_tree.block_hash {
let child = self.nodes.get_mut(&child_hash)?;
let common_ancestor = Node {
block_hash: ancestor_hash,
parent_hash: Some(prev_in_tree.block_hash),
..Node::default()
};
child.parent_hash = Some(common_ancestor.block_hash);
node.parent_hash = Some(common_ancestor.block_hash);
self.nodes
.insert(common_ancestor.block_hash, common_ancestor);
}
}
}
self.nodes.insert(hash, node);
Some(())
}
fn find_prev_in_tree(&mut self, hash: Hash256, range: Range<Height>) -> Option<&mut Node> {
if range.len() == 0 || range.end > self.slots_at_height.len() {
None
} else {
let mid_height = range.len() / 2;
let mid_slot = self.slot_at_height(mid_height)?;
let mid_ancestor = self.find_ancestor_at_slot(hash, mid_slot)?;
if self.exists_above_height(hash, mid_height)? {
if self.exists_between_heights(hash, mid_height..mid_height + 1)? {
self.nodes.get_mut(&mid_ancestor)
} else {
self.find_prev_in_tree(hash, mid_height..range.end)
}
} else {
self.find_prev_in_tree(hash, range.start..mid_height)
}
}
}
fn exists_above_height(&self, hash: Hash256, height: Height) -> Option<bool> {
let ancestor_at_height = self.find_ancestor_at_height(hash, height)?;
let blocks_at_height = self.blocks_at_height.get(&height)?;
Some(blocks_at_height.contains(&ancestor_at_height))
}
fn exists_between_heights(&self, hash: Hash256, range: Range<Height>) -> Option<bool> {
let low_blocks = self.blocks_at_height.get(&range.start)?;
let high_blocks = self.blocks_at_height.get(&range.end)?;
let low_ancestor = self.find_ancestor_at_height(hash, range.start)?;
let high_ancestor = self.find_ancestor_at_height(hash, range.end)?;
Some(low_blocks.contains(&low_ancestor) && !high_blocks.contains(&high_ancestor))
}
fn find_ancestor_at_height(&self, child: Hash256, height: Height) -> Option<Hash256> {
self.find_ancestor_at_slot(child, self.slot_at_height(height)?)
}
fn find_ancestor_at_slot(&self, child: Hash256, slot: Slot) -> Option<Hash256> {
get_ancestor_hash_at_slot(slot, child, &self.store)
}
fn find_least_common_ancestor(&self, a: Hash256, b: Hash256) -> Option<Hash256> {
find_least_common_ancestor(a, b, &self.store)
}
fn slot_at_height(&self, height: Height) -> Option<Slot> {
self.slots_at_height.nth(height).cloned()
}
}
fn get_ancestor_hash_at_slot(slot: Slot, start: Hash256, store: &Store) -> Option<Hash256> {
let mut block = store.get(&start)?;
loop {
if slot >= block.slot {
break None;
} else {
let delta = block.slot - slot;
if delta >= 1 << SKIP_LIST_LEN as u64 {
block = store.get(&block.ancestor_skip_list[SKIP_LIST_LEN - 1])?;
} else if delta.is_power_of_two() {
break Some(block.ancestor_skip_list[delta.trailing_zeros() as usize]);
} else {
let i = delta.next_power_of_two().trailing_zeros().saturating_sub(1);
block = store.get(&block.ancestor_skip_list[i as usize])?;
}
}
}
}
fn find_least_common_ancestor(a_root: Hash256, b_root: Hash256, store: &Store) -> Option<Hash256> {
let mut a = store.get(&a_root)?;
let mut b = store.get(&b_root)?;
if a.slot > b.slot {
a = store.get(&get_ancestor_hash_at_slot(b.slot, a_root, store)?)?;
} else if b.slot > a.slot {
b = store.get(&get_ancestor_hash_at_slot(a.slot, b_root, store)?)?;
}
loop {
if a.ancestor_skip_list[0] == b.ancestor_skip_list[0] {
break Some(a.ancestor_skip_list[0]);
} else if a.slot == 0 || b.slot == 0 {
break None;
} else {
a = store.get(&a.ancestor_skip_list[0])?;
b = store.get(&b.ancestor_skip_list[0])?;
}
}
}
#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Block {
pub slot: Slot,
ancestor_skip_list: [Hash256; SKIP_LIST_LEN],
}
pub type Store = HashMap<Hash256, Block>;
pub struct SortedList<K>(BTreeMap<K, ()>);
impl<K: Ord> SortedList<K> {
pub fn new() -> Self {
SortedList(BTreeMap::new())
}
pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K) {
self.0.insert(key, ());
}
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.0.len()
}
pub fn nth(&self, n: usize) -> Option<&K> {
self.0.iter().nth(n).and_then(|(k, _v)| Some(k))
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn new() {
let genesis_root = Hash256::random();
let genesis_slot = 0;
let _t = Tree::new(genesis_root, genesis_slot);
}
/// Creates a new "hash" from the `u64`.
///
/// Does not _actually_ perform a hash, just generates bytes that are some serialization of the
/// the `u64`.
fn get_hash(i: u64) -> Hash256 {
Hash256::from_low_u64_le(i)
}
fn hash_to_u64(hash: Hash256) -> u64 {
hash.to_low_u64_le()
}
fn store_chain(store: &mut Store, roots: &[Hash256], slots: &[Slot]) {
for i in 0..roots.len() {
let mut block = Block::default();
block.slot = slots[i];
// Build the skip list.
for j in 0..SKIP_LIST_LEN {
let skip = 2_usize.pow(j as u32);
block.ancestor_skip_list[j as usize] = roots[i.saturating_sub(skip)];
}
store.insert(roots[i as usize], block);
}
}
#[test]
fn common_ancestor() {
let common_chain_len = (2_u64 << SKIP_LIST_LEN) - 3;
let forked_blocks = 2_u64 << SKIP_LIST_LEN;
let common_roots: Vec<Hash256> = (0..common_chain_len).map(get_hash).collect();
let common_slots: Vec<Slot> = (0..common_chain_len).collect();
let mut fork_a_roots = common_roots.clone();
fork_a_roots.append(
&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks)
.map(get_hash)
.collect(),
);
let mut fork_a_slots = common_slots.clone();
fork_a_slots.append(&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks).collect());
let mut fork_b_roots = common_roots.clone();
fork_b_roots.append(
&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks)
.map(|i| get_hash(i * 10))
.collect(),
);
let mut fork_b_slots = common_slots.clone();
fork_b_slots.append(&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks).collect());
let fork_a_head = *fork_a_roots.iter().last().unwrap();
let fork_b_head = *fork_b_roots.iter().last().unwrap();
let mut store = Store::default();
store_chain(&mut store, &fork_a_roots, &fork_a_slots);
store_chain(&mut store, &fork_b_roots, &fork_b_slots);
assert_eq!(
find_least_common_ancestor(fork_a_head, fork_b_head, &store)
.and_then(|i| Some(hash_to_u64(i))),
Some(hash_to_u64(*common_roots.iter().last().unwrap()))
);
}
#[test]
fn get_at_slot() {
let n = 2_u64.pow(SKIP_LIST_LEN as u32) * 2;
let mut store = Store::default();
let roots: Vec<Hash256> = (0..n).map(get_hash).collect();
let slots: Vec<Slot> = (0..n).collect();
store_chain(&mut store, &roots, &slots);
for i in 0..n - 1 {
let key = roots.last().unwrap();
assert_eq!(
get_ancestor_hash_at_slot(i as u64, *key, &store),
Some(get_hash(i as u64))
);
}
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
[package]
name = "fork_choice_2"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["Age Manning <Age@AgeManning.com>", "Paul Hauner <paul@sigmaprime.io>"]
edition = "2018"
[dependencies]
store = { path = "../../beacon_node/store" }
ssz = { path = "../utils/ssz" }
types = { path = "../types" }
log = "0.4.6"
bit-vec = "0.5.0"
[dev-dependencies]
criterion = "0.2"
hex = "0.3.2"
yaml-rust = "0.4.2"
bls = { path = "../utils/bls" }
slot_clock = { path = "../utils/slot_clock" }
beacon_chain = { path = "../../beacon_node/beacon_chain" }
env_logger = "0.6.0"

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@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
pub mod reduced_tree;
use std::sync::Arc;
use store::Error as DBError;
use store::Store;
use types::{BeaconBlock, ChainSpec, Hash256, Slot};
type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum Error {
BackendError(String),
}
pub trait LmdGhostBackend<T> {
fn new(store: Arc<T>) -> Self;
fn process_message(
&mut self,
validator_index: usize,
block_hash: Hash256,
block_slot: Slot,
) -> Result<()>;
fn find_head(&mut self) -> Result<Hash256>;
}
pub struct ForkChoice<T> {
algorithm: T,
}
impl<T: LmdGhostBackend<T>> ForkChoice<T> {
fn new(store: Arc<T>) -> Self {
Self {
algorithm: T::new(store),
}
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
use super::{Error as SuperError, LmdGhostBackend};
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::sync::Arc;
use store::{iter::BlockRootsIterator, Error as StoreError, Store};
use types::{BeaconBlock, BeaconState, EthSpec, Hash256, Slot};
type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
pub const SKIP_LIST_LEN: usize = 16;
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum Error {
MissingNode(Hash256),
MissingBlock(Hash256),
MissingState(Hash256),
NotInTree(Hash256),
NoCommonAncestor((Hash256, Hash256)),
StoreError(StoreError),
}
impl From<StoreError> for Error {
fn from(e: StoreError) -> Error {
Error::StoreError(e)
}
}
pub type Height = usize;
#[derive(Default, Clone)]
pub struct Node {
pub parent_hash: Option<Hash256>,
pub children: Vec<Hash256>,
pub score: u64,
pub height: Height,
pub block_hash: Hash256,
pub voters: Vec<usize>,
}
impl Node {
pub fn remove_voter(&mut self, voter: usize) -> Option<usize> {
let i = self.voters.iter().position(|&v| v == voter)?;
Some(self.voters.remove(i))
}
pub fn add_voter(&mut self, voter: usize) {
self.voters.push(voter);
}
pub fn has_votes(&self) -> bool {
!self.voters.is_empty()
}
pub fn is_genesis(&self) -> bool {
self.parent_hash.is_some()
}
}
impl Node {
fn does_not_have_children(&self) -> bool {
self.children.is_empty()
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct Vote {
hash: Hash256,
slot: Slot,
}
pub struct ReducedTree<T, E> {
store: Arc<T>,
nodes: HashMap<Hash256, Node>,
slots_at_height: SortedList<Slot>,
blocks_at_height: HashMap<Height, Vec<Hash256>>,
/// Maps validator indices to their latest votes.
latest_votes: ElasticList<Option<Vote>>,
_phantom: PhantomData<E>,
}
impl<T, E> LmdGhostBackend<T> for ReducedTree<T, E>
where
T: Store,
E: EthSpec,
{
fn new(store: Arc<T>) -> Self {
Self::new(store)
}
fn process_message(
&mut self,
validator_index: usize,
block_hash: Hash256,
block_slot: Slot,
) -> std::result::Result<(), SuperError> {
self.process_message(validator_index, block_hash, block_slot)
.map_err(Into::into)
}
fn find_head(&mut self) -> std::result::Result<Hash256, SuperError> {
unimplemented!();
}
}
impl From<Error> for SuperError {
fn from(e: Error) -> SuperError {
SuperError::BackendError(format!("{:?}", e))
}
}
impl<T, E> ReducedTree<T, E>
where
T: Store,
E: EthSpec,
{
pub fn new(store: Arc<T>) -> Self {
Self {
store,
nodes: HashMap::new(),
slots_at_height: SortedList::new(),
blocks_at_height: HashMap::new(),
latest_votes: ElasticList::default(),
_phantom: PhantomData,
}
}
pub fn process_message(
&mut self,
validator_index: usize,
block_hash: Hash256,
slot: Slot,
) -> Result<()> {
if let Some(previous_vote) = self.latest_votes.get(validator_index) {
if previous_vote.slot > slot {
// Given vote is earier than known vote, nothing to do.
return Ok(());
} else if previous_vote.slot == slot && previous_vote.hash == block_hash {
// Given vote is identical to known vote, nothing to do.
return Ok(());
} else if previous_vote.slot == slot && previous_vote.hash != block_hash {
// Vote is an equivocation (double-vote), ignore it.
//
// TODO: flag this as slashable.
return Ok(());
} else {
// Given vote is newer or different to current vote, replace the current vote.
self.remove_latest_message(validator_index)?;
}
}
// TODO: add new vote.
Ok(())
}
pub fn remove_latest_message(&mut self, validator_index: usize) -> Result<()> {
if let Some(vote) = self.latest_votes.get(validator_index) {
let should_delete = {
let node = self.get_mut_node(vote.hash)?;
node.remove_voter(validator_index);
if let Some(parent_hash) = node.parent_hash {
if node.has_votes() {
// A node with votes is never removed.
false
} else if node.children.len() > 1 {
// A node with more than one child is never removed.
false
} else if node.children.len() == 1 {
// A node which has only one child may be removed.
//
// Load the child of the node and set it's parent to be the parent of this
// node (viz., graft the node's child to the node's parent)
let child = self
.nodes
.get_mut(&node.children[0])
.ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingNode(node.children[0]))?;
child.parent_hash = node.parent_hash;
true
} else if node.children.len() == 0 {
// A node which has no children may be deleted and potentially it's parent
// too.
self.maybe_delete_node(parent_hash)?;
true
} else {
// It is impossible for a node to have a number of children that is not 0, 1 or
// greater than one.
//
// This code is strictly unnecessary, however we keep it for readability.
unreachable!();
}
} else {
// A node without a parent is the genesis/finalized node and should never be removed.
false
}
};
if should_delete {
self.nodes.remove(&vote.hash);
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn maybe_delete_node(&mut self, hash: Hash256) -> Result<()> {
let should_delete = {
let node = self.get_node(hash)?;
if let Some(parent_hash) = node.parent_hash {
if (node.children.len() == 1) && !node.has_votes() {
let child_node = self.get_mut_node(node.children[0])?;
child_node.parent_hash = node.parent_hash;
true
} else {
false
}
} else {
// A node without a parent is the genesis node and should not be deleted.
false
}
};
if should_delete {
self.nodes.remove(&hash);
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn add_latest_message(&mut self, validator_index: usize, hash: Hash256) -> Result<()> {
if let Ok(node) = self.get_mut_node(hash) {
node.add_voter(validator_index);
} else {
self.add_node(hash, vec![validator_index])?;
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn add_node(&mut self, hash: Hash256, voters: Vec<usize>) -> Result<()> {
// Find the highest (by slot) ancestor of the given hash/block that is in the reduced tree.
let mut prev_in_tree = {
let hash = self
.find_prev_in_tree(hash)
.ok_or_else(|| Error::NotInTree(hash))?;
self.get_mut_node(hash)?.clone()
};
let mut node = Node {
block_hash: hash,
parent_hash: Some(prev_in_tree.block_hash),
voters,
..Node::default()
};
if prev_in_tree.does_not_have_children() {
node.parent_hash = Some(prev_in_tree.block_hash);
prev_in_tree.children.push(hash);
} else {
for &child_hash in &prev_in_tree.children {
let ancestor_hash = self.find_least_common_ancestor(hash, child_hash)?;
if ancestor_hash != prev_in_tree.block_hash {
let child = self.get_mut_node(child_hash)?;
let common_ancestor = Node {
block_hash: ancestor_hash,
parent_hash: Some(prev_in_tree.block_hash),
..Node::default()
};
child.parent_hash = Some(common_ancestor.block_hash);
node.parent_hash = Some(common_ancestor.block_hash);
self.nodes
.insert(common_ancestor.block_hash, common_ancestor);
}
}
}
// Update `prev_in_tree`. A mutable reference was not maintained to satisfy the borrow
// checker.
//
// This is not an ideal solution and results in unnecessary memory copies -- a better
// solution is certainly possible.
self.nodes.insert(prev_in_tree.block_hash, prev_in_tree);
self.nodes.insert(hash, node);
Ok(())
}
/// For the given block `hash`, find it's highest (by slot) ancestor that exists in the reduced
/// tree.
fn find_prev_in_tree(&mut self, hash: Hash256) -> Option<Hash256> {
self.iter_ancestors(hash)
.ok()?
.find(|(root, _slit)| self.get_node(*root).is_ok())
.and_then(|(root, _slot)| Some(root))
}
/// For the given `child` block hash, return the block's ancestor at the given `target` slot.
fn find_ancestor_at_slot(&self, child: Hash256, target: Slot) -> Result<Hash256> {
let (root, slot) = self
.iter_ancestors(child)?
.find(|(_block, slot)| *slot <= target)
.ok_or_else(|| Error::NotInTree(child))?;
// Explicitly check that the slot is the target in the case that the given child has a slot
// above target.
if slot == target {
Ok(root)
} else {
Err(Error::NotInTree(child))
}
}
/// For the two given block roots (`a_root` and `b_root`), find the first block they share in
/// the tree. Viz, find the block that these two distinct blocks forked from.
fn find_least_common_ancestor(&self, a_root: Hash256, b_root: Hash256) -> Result<Hash256> {
// If the blocks behind `a_root` and `b_root` are not at the same slot, take the highest
// block (by slot) down to be equal with the lower slot.
//
// The result is two roots which identify two blocks at the same height.
let (a_root, b_root) = {
let a = self.get_block(a_root)?;
let b = self.get_block(b_root)?;
if a.slot > b.slot {
(self.find_ancestor_at_slot(a_root, b.slot)?, b_root)
} else if b.slot > a.slot {
(a_root, self.find_ancestor_at_slot(b_root, a.slot)?)
} else {
(a_root, b_root)
}
};
let ((a_root, _a_slot), (_b_root, _b_slot)) = self
.iter_ancestors(a_root)?
.zip(self.iter_ancestors(b_root)?)
.find(|((a_root, _), (b_root, _))| a_root == b_root)
.ok_or_else(|| Error::NoCommonAncestor((a_root, b_root)))?;
Ok(a_root)
}
fn iter_ancestors(&self, child: Hash256) -> Result<BlockRootsIterator<E, T>> {
let block = self.get_block(child)?;
let state = self.get_state(block.state_root)?;
Ok(BlockRootsIterator::new(
self.store.clone(),
state,
block.slot,
))
}
fn get_node(&self, hash: Hash256) -> Result<&Node> {
self.nodes
.get(&hash)
.ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingNode(hash))
}
fn get_mut_node(&mut self, hash: Hash256) -> Result<&mut Node> {
self.nodes
.get_mut(&hash)
.ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingNode(hash))
}
fn get_block(&self, block_root: Hash256) -> Result<BeaconBlock> {
self.store
.get::<BeaconBlock>(&block_root)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBlock(block_root))
}
fn get_state(&self, state_root: Hash256) -> Result<BeaconState<E>> {
self.store
.get::<BeaconState<E>>(&state_root)?
.ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingState(state_root))
}
/*
fn exists_above_height(&self, hash: Hash256, height: Height) -> Option<bool> {
let ancestor_at_height = self.find_ancestor_at_height(hash, height)?;
let blocks_at_height = self.blocks_at_height.get(&height)?;
Some(blocks_at_height.contains(&ancestor_at_height))
}
fn exists_between_heights(&self, hash: Hash256, range: Range<Height>) -> Option<bool> {
let low_blocks = self.blocks_at_height.get(&range.start)?;
let high_blocks = self.blocks_at_height.get(&range.end)?;
let low_ancestor = self.find_ancestor_at_height(hash, range.start)?;
let high_ancestor = self.find_ancestor_at_height(hash, range.end)?;
Some(low_blocks.contains(&low_ancestor) && !high_blocks.contains(&high_ancestor))
}
fn find_ancestor_at_height(&self, child: Hash256, height: Height) -> Option<Hash256> {
self.find_ancestor_at_slot(child, self.slot_at_height(height)?)
}
fn slot_at_height(&self, height: Height) -> Option<Slot> {
self.slots_at_height.nth(height).cloned()
}
*/
}
pub struct SortedList<K>(BTreeMap<K, ()>);
impl<K: Ord> SortedList<K> {
pub fn new() -> Self {
SortedList(BTreeMap::new())
}
pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K) {
self.0.insert(key, ());
}
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.0.len()
}
pub fn nth(&self, n: usize) -> Option<&K> {
self.0.iter().nth(n).and_then(|(k, _v)| Some(k))
}
}
#[derive(Default, Clone)]
pub struct ElasticList<T>(Vec<T>);
impl<T> ElasticList<T>
where
T: Default,
{
fn ensure(&mut self, i: usize) {
if self.0.len() <= i {
self.0.resize_with(i + 1, Default::default);
}
}
pub fn get(&mut self, i: usize) -> &T {
self.ensure(i);
&self.0[i]
}
pub fn get_mut(&mut self, i: usize) -> &mut T {
self.ensure(i);
&mut self.0[i]
}
pub fn insert(&mut self, i: usize, element: T) {
self.ensure(i);
self.0[i] = element;
}
}
/*
#[derive(Default, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Block {
pub slot: Slot,
ancestor_skip_list: [Hash256; SKIP_LIST_LEN],
}
pub type Store = HashMap<Hash256, Block>;
pub struct SortedList<K>(BTreeMap<K, ()>);
impl<K: Ord> SortedList<K> {
pub fn new() -> Self {
SortedList(BTreeMap::new())
}
pub fn insert(&mut self, key: K) {
self.0.insert(key, ());
}
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.0.len()
}
pub fn nth(&self, n: usize) -> Option<&K> {
self.0.iter().nth(n).and_then(|(k, _v)| Some(k))
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn new() {
let genesis_root = Hash256::random();
let genesis_slot = 0;
let _t = Tree::new(genesis_root, genesis_slot);
}
/// Creates a new "hash" from the `u64`.
///
/// Does not _actually_ perform a hash, just generates bytes that are some serialization of the
/// the `u64`.
fn get_hash(i: u64) -> Hash256 {
Hash256::from_low_u64_le(i)
}
fn hash_to_u64(hash: Hash256) -> u64 {
hash.to_low_u64_le()
}
fn store_chain(store: &mut Store, roots: &[Hash256], slots: &[Slot]) {
for i in 0..roots.len() {
let mut block = Block::default();
block.slot = slots[i];
// Build the skip list.
for j in 0..SKIP_LIST_LEN {
let skip = 2_usize.pow(j as u32);
block.ancestor_skip_list[j as usize] = roots[i.saturating_sub(skip)];
}
store.insert(roots[i as usize], block);
}
}
#[test]
fn common_ancestor() {
let common_chain_len = (2_u64 << SKIP_LIST_LEN) - 3;
let forked_blocks = 2_u64 << SKIP_LIST_LEN;
let common_roots: Vec<Hash256> = (0..common_chain_len).map(get_hash).collect();
let common_slots: Vec<Slot> = (0..common_chain_len).collect();
let mut fork_a_roots = common_roots.clone();
fork_a_roots.append(
&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks)
.map(get_hash)
.collect(),
);
let mut fork_a_slots = common_slots.clone();
fork_a_slots.append(&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks).collect());
let mut fork_b_roots = common_roots.clone();
fork_b_roots.append(
&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks)
.map(|i| get_hash(i * 10))
.collect(),
);
let mut fork_b_slots = common_slots.clone();
fork_b_slots.append(&mut (common_chain_len..common_chain_len + forked_blocks).collect());
let fork_a_head = *fork_a_roots.iter().last().unwrap();
let fork_b_head = *fork_b_roots.iter().last().unwrap();
let mut store = Store::default();
store_chain(&mut store, &fork_a_roots, &fork_a_slots);
store_chain(&mut store, &fork_b_roots, &fork_b_slots);
assert_eq!(
find_least_common_ancestor(fork_a_head, fork_b_head, &store)
.and_then(|i| Some(hash_to_u64(i))),
Some(hash_to_u64(*common_roots.iter().last().unwrap()))
);
}
#[test]
fn get_at_slot() {
let n = 2_u64.pow(SKIP_LIST_LEN as u32) * 2;
let mut store = Store::default();
let roots: Vec<Hash256> = (0..n).map(get_hash).collect();
let slots: Vec<Slot> = (0..n).collect();
store_chain(&mut store, &roots, &slots);
for i in 0..n - 1 {
let key = roots.last().unwrap();
assert_eq!(
get_ancestor_hash_at_slot(i as u64, *key, &store),
Some(get_hash(i as u64))
);
}
}
}
*/