125 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
125 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
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# Run a Validator
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Configure a validator node to propose blocks and earn staking rewards {synopsis}
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## Pre-requisite Readings
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- [Installation](./installation.md) {prereq}
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- [Run a Full Node](./run_node.md) {prereq}
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## What is a Validator?
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[Validators](https://hub.cosmos.network/master/validators/overview.html) are responsible for committing new blocks to the blockchain through voting. A validator's stake is slashed if they become unavailable or sign blocks at the same height. Please read about [Sentry Node Architecture](https://hub.cosmos.network/master/validators/validator-faq.html#how-can-validators-protect-themselves-from-denial-of-service-attacks) to protect your node from DDOS attacks and to ensure high-availability.
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::: danger Warning
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If you want to become a validator for `mainnet`, you should [research security](https://hub.cosmos.network/master/validators/security.html).
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:::
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You may want to skip the next section if you have already set up a [full node](../emint-tutorials/join-mainnet.md).
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## Create Your Validator
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Your `cosmosvalconspub` consensus public key fron tendermint can be used to create a new validator by staking tokens. You can find your validator pubkey by running:
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```bash
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ethermintd tendermint show-validator
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```
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To create your validator, just use the following command:
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```bash
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ethermintd tx staking create-validator \
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--amount=1000000aphoton \
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--pubkey=$(ethermintd tendermint show-validator) \
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--moniker=<ethermint_validator> \
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--chain-id=<chain_id> \
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--commission-rate="0.10" \
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--commission-max-rate="0.20" \
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--commission-max-change-rate="0.01" \
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--min-self-delegation="1" \
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--gas="auto" \
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--gas-prices="0.025uatom" \
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--from=<key_name>
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```
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::: tip
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When specifying commission parameters, the `commission-max-change-rate` is used to measure % _point_ change over the `commission-rate`. E.g. 1% to 2% is a 100% rate increase, but only 1 percentage point.
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:::
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::: tip
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`Min-self-delegation` is a strictly positive integer that represents the minimum amount of self-delegated voting power your validator must always have. A `min-self-delegation` of 1 means your validator will never have a self-delegation lower than `1000000aphoton`
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:::
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You can confirm that you are in the validator set by using a third party explorer.
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## Genesis Transactions
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A genesis transaction (aka `gentx`) is a JSON file carrying a self-delegation from a validator. All genesis transactions are collected by a genesis coordinator and validated against an initial `genesis.json` file.
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A `gentx` does three things:
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1. Makes the `validator` account you created into a validator operator account (i.e. the account that controls the validator).
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2. Self-delegates the provided `amount` of staking tokens.
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3. Link the operator account with a Tendermint node pubkey that will be used for signing blocks. If no `--pubkey` flag is provided, it defaults to the local node pubkey created via the `ethermintd init` command above.
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If you want to participate in genesis as a validator, you need to justify that
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you have some stake at genesis, create one (or multiple) transactions to bond this stake to your validator address, and include this transaction in the genesis file.
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Your `ethvalconspub`, as shown on the section above, can be used to create a validator transaction on genesis as well.
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Next, craft your `ethermintd gentx` command:
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::: tip
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When specifying commission parameters, the `commission-max-change-rate` is used to measure % _point_ change over the `commission-rate`. E.g. 1% to 2% is a 100% rate increase, but only 1 percentage point.
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:::
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```bash
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ethermintd gentx \
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--amount <amount_of_delegation_uatom> \
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--commission-rate <commission_rate> \
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--commission-max-rate <commission_max_rate> \
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--commission-max-change-rate <commission_max_change_rate> \
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--pubkey $(ethermintd tendermint show-validator) \
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--name $KEY
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```
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::: tip
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For more on `gentx`, use the help flag: `ethermintd gentx -h`
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:::
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## Confirm Your Validator is Running
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Your validator is active if the following command returns anything:
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```bash
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ethermintd query tendermint-validator-set | grep "$(ethermintd tendermint show-validator)"
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```
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You should now see your validator in one of the block explorers. You are looking for the `bech32`
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encoded `address` in the `~/.ethermintd/config/priv_validator.json` file.
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::: tip
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To be in the validator set, you need to have more total voting power than the 100th validator.
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:::
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## Halt Your Validator Node
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When attempting to perform routine maintenance or planning for an upcoming coordinated
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upgrade, it can be useful to have your validator systematically and gracefully halt the chain and shutdown the node.
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You can achieve this by setting one of the following flags during when using the `ethermintd start` command:
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- `--halt-height`: to the block height at which to shutdown the node
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- `--halt-time`: to the minimum block time (in Unix seconds) at which to shutdown the node
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The node will stop processing blocks with a zero exit code at that given height/time after
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committing the block.
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## Next {hide}
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Start and connect a [client](./clients.md) to a running network {hide}
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