add js ed25519_pk_to_curve25519

This commit is contained in:
Christophe Diederichs 2020-08-28 04:40:23 +02:00
parent 3753006318
commit 3c2f81c3f3

View File

@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
/* eslint-disable camelcase, one-var */
const { crypto_verify_32 } = require('./crypto_verify') const { crypto_verify_32 } = require('./crypto_verify')
const { crypto_hash } = require('./crypto_hash') const { crypto_hash } = require('./crypto_hash')
const { const {
gf, gf0, gf1, D, D2, gf, gf0, gf1, D, D2,
X, Y, I, A, Z, M, S, X, Y, I, A, Z, M, S,
sel25519, pack25519, sel25519, car25519, pack25519,
inv25519, unpack25519 inv25519, unpack25519
} = require('./ed25519') } = require('./ed25519')
const { randombytes } = require('./randombytes') const { randombytes } = require('./randombytes')
const crypto_sign_BYTES = 64, const crypto_sign_ed25519_PUBLICKEYBYTES = 32
crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES = 32, const crypto_sign_ed25519_SECRETKEYBYTES = 64
crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES = 64, const crypto_sign_ed25519_SEEDBYTES = 32
crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES = 32 const crypto_sign_ed25519_BYTES = 64
const crypto_sign_BYTES = crypto_sign_ed25519_BYTES
const crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES = crypto_sign_ed25519_PUBLICKEYBYTES
const crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES = crypto_sign_ed25519_SECRETKEYBYTES
const crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES = crypto_sign_ed25519_SEEDBYTES
module.exports = { module.exports = {
crypto_sign_keypair, crypto_sign_keypair,
@ -23,150 +29,158 @@ module.exports = {
crypto_sign_BYTES, crypto_sign_BYTES,
crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES, crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES,
crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES, crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES,
crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES,
crypto_sign_ed25519_PUBLICKEYBYTES,
crypto_sign_ed25519_SECRETKEYBYTES,
crypto_sign_ed25519_SEEDBYTES,
crypto_sign_ed25519_BYTES,
crypto_sign_ed25519_pk_to_curve25519,
unpackneg,
pack
} }
function set25519 (r, a) { function set25519 (r, a) {
var i; for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) r[i] = a[i] | 0
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) r[i] = a[i]|0;
} }
function pow2523 (o, i) { function pow2523 (o, i) {
var c = gf(); var c = gf()
var a; var a
for (a = 0; a < 16; a++) c[a] = i[a]; for (a = 0; a < 16; a++) c[a] = i[a]
for (a = 250; a >= 0; a--) { for (a = 250; a >= 0; a--) {
S(c, c); S(c, c)
if(a !== 1) M(c, c, i); if (a !== 1) M(c, c, i)
} }
for (a = 0; a < 16; a++) o[a] = c[a]; for (a = 0; a < 16; a++) o[a] = c[a]
} }
function add (p, q) { function add (p, q) {
var a = gf(), b = gf(), c = gf(), var a = gf(), b = gf(), c = gf(),
d = gf(), e = gf(), f = gf(), d = gf(), e = gf(), f = gf(),
g = gf(), h = gf(), t = gf(); g = gf(), h = gf(), t = gf()
Z(a, p[1], p[0]); Z(a, p[1], p[0])
Z(t, q[1], q[0]); Z(t, q[1], q[0])
M(a, a, t); M(a, a, t)
A(b, p[0], p[1]); A(b, p[0], p[1])
A(t, q[0], q[1]); A(t, q[0], q[1])
M(b, b, t); M(b, b, t)
M(c, p[3], q[3]); M(c, p[3], q[3])
M(c, c, D2); M(c, c, D2)
M(d, p[2], q[2]); M(d, p[2], q[2])
A(d, d, d); A(d, d, d)
Z(e, b, a); Z(e, b, a)
Z(f, d, c); Z(f, d, c)
A(g, d, c); A(g, d, c)
A(h, b, a); A(h, b, a)
M(p[0], e, f); M(p[0], e, f)
M(p[1], h, g); M(p[1], h, g)
M(p[2], g, f); M(p[2], g, f)
M(p[3], e, h); M(p[3], e, h)
} }
function cswap (p, q, b) { function cswap (p, q, b) {
var i; var i
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
sel25519(p[i], q[i], b); sel25519(p[i], q[i], b)
} }
} }
function pack (r, p) { function pack (r, p) {
var tx = gf(), ty = gf(), zi = gf(); var tx = gf(), ty = gf(), zi = gf()
inv25519(zi, p[2]); inv25519(zi, p[2])
M(tx, p[0], zi); M(tx, p[0], zi)
M(ty, p[1], zi); M(ty, p[1], zi)
pack25519(r, ty); pack25519(r, ty)
r[31] ^= par25519(tx) << 7; r[31] ^= par25519(tx) << 7
} }
function scalarmult (p, q, s) { function scalarmult (p, q, s) {
var b, i; // don't mutate q
set25519(p[0], gf0); var h = [gf(q[0]), gf(q[1]), gf(q[2]), gf(q[3])]
set25519(p[1], gf1); var b, i
set25519(p[2], gf1); set25519(p[0], gf0)
set25519(p[3], gf0); set25519(p[1], gf1)
set25519(p[2], gf1)
set25519(p[3], gf0)
for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) { for (i = 255; i >= 0; --i) {
b = (s[(i/8)|0] >> (i&7)) & 1; b = (s[(i / 8) | 0] >> (i & 7)) & 1
cswap(p, q, b); cswap(p, h, b)
add(q, p); add(h, p)
add(p, p); add(p, p)
cswap(p, q, b); cswap(p, h, b)
} }
} }
function scalarbase (p, s) { function scalarbase (p, s) {
var q = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]; var q = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]
set25519(q[0], X); set25519(q[0], X)
set25519(q[1], Y); set25519(q[1], Y)
set25519(q[2], gf1); set25519(q[2], gf1)
M(q[3], X, Y); M(q[3], X, Y)
scalarmult(p, q, s); scalarmult(p, q, s)
} }
function crypto_sign_keypair (pk, sk, seeded) { function crypto_sign_keypair (pk, sk, seeded) {
check(pk, crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES) check(pk, crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES)
check(sk, crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES) check(sk, crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES)
var d = new Uint8Array(64); var d = new Uint8Array(64)
var p = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]; var p = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]
var i; var i
if (!seeded) randombytes(sk, 32); if (!seeded) randombytes(sk, 32)
crypto_hash(d, sk, 32); crypto_hash(d, sk, 32)
d[0] &= 248; d[0] &= 248
d[31] &= 127; d[31] &= 127
d[31] |= 64; d[31] |= 64
scalarbase(p, d); scalarbase(p, d)
pack(pk, p); pack(pk, p)
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) sk[i+32] = pk[i]; for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) sk[i + 32] = pk[i]
return 0; return 0
} }
function crypto_sign_seed_keypair (pk, sk, seed) { function crypto_sign_seed_keypair (pk, sk, seed) {
check(seed, crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES) check(seed, crypto_sign_SEEDBYTES)
seed.copy(sk) sk.set(seed)
return crypto_sign_keypair(pk, sk, true) return crypto_sign_keypair(pk, sk, true)
} }
var L = new Float64Array([0xed, 0xd3, 0xf5, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0x63, 0x12, 0x58, 0xd6, 0x9c, 0xf7, 0xa2, 0xde, 0xf9, 0xde, 0x14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x10]); var L = new Float64Array([0xed, 0xd3, 0xf5, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0x63, 0x12, 0x58, 0xd6, 0x9c, 0xf7, 0xa2, 0xde, 0xf9, 0xde, 0x14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x10])
function modL (r, x) { function modL (r, x) {
var carry, i, j, k; var carry, i, j, k
for (i = 63; i >= 32; --i) { for (i = 63; i >= 32; --i) {
carry = 0; carry = 0
for (j = i - 32, k = i - 12; j < k; ++j) { for (j = i - 32, k = i - 12; j < k; ++j) {
x[j] += carry - 16 * x[i] * L[j - (i - 32)]; x[j] += carry - 16 * x[i] * L[j - (i - 32)]
carry = (x[j] + 128) >> 8; carry = (x[j] + 128) >> 8
x[j] -= carry * 256; x[j] -= carry * 256
} }
x[j] += carry; x[j] += carry
x[i] = 0; x[i] = 0
} }
carry = 0; carry = 0
for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) { for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
x[j] += carry - (x[31] >> 4) * L[j]; x[j] += carry - (x[31] >> 4) * L[j]
carry = x[j] >> 8; carry = x[j] >> 8
x[j] &= 255; x[j] &= 255
} }
for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) x[j] -= carry * L[j]; for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) x[j] -= carry * L[j]
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) { for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
x[i+1] += x[i] >> 8; x[i + 1] += x[i] >> 8
r[i] = x[i] & 255; r[i] = x[i] & 255
} }
} }
function reduce (r) { function reduce (r) {
var x = new Float64Array(64), i; var x = new Float64Array(64)
for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) x[i] = r[i]; for (let i = 0; i < 64; i++) x[i] = r[i]
for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) r[i] = 0; for (let i = 0; i < 64; i++) r[i] = 0
modL(r, x); modL(r, x)
} }
// Note: difference from C - smlen returned, not passed as argument. // Note: difference from C - smlen returned, not passed as argument.
@ -176,85 +190,110 @@ function crypto_sign(sm, m, sk) {
check(sk, crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES) check(sk, crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES)
var n = m.length var n = m.length
var d = new Uint8Array(64), h = new Uint8Array(64), r = new Uint8Array(64); var d = new Uint8Array(64), h = new Uint8Array(64), r = new Uint8Array(64)
var i, j, x = new Float64Array(64); var i, j, x = new Float64Array(64)
var p = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]; var p = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]
crypto_hash(d, sk, 32); crypto_hash(d, sk, 32)
d[0] &= 248; d[0] &= 248
d[31] &= 127; d[31] &= 127
d[31] |= 64; d[31] |= 64
var smlen = n + 64; var smlen = n + 64
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) sm[64 + i] = m[i]; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) sm[64 + i] = m[i]
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) sm[32 + i] = d[32 + i]; for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) sm[32 + i] = d[32 + i]
crypto_hash(r, sm.subarray(32), n+32); crypto_hash(r, sm.subarray(32), n + 32)
reduce(r); reduce(r)
scalarbase(p, r); scalarbase(p, r)
pack(sm, p); pack(sm, p)
for (i = 32; i < 64; i++) sm[i] = sk[i]; for (i = 32; i < 64; i++) sm[i] = sk[i]
crypto_hash(h, sm, n + 64); crypto_hash(h, sm, n + 64)
reduce(h); reduce(h)
for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) x[i] = 0; for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) x[i] = 0
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) x[i] = r[i]; for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) x[i] = r[i]
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) { for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) { for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
x[i+j] += h[i] * d[j]; x[i + j] += h[i] * d[j]
} }
} }
modL(sm.subarray(32), x); modL(sm.subarray(32), x)
// console.log(Buffer.from(sm).toString('hex'))
return smlen return smlen
} }
function crypto_sign_detached (sig, m, sk) { function crypto_sign_detached (sig, m, sk) {
var sm = new Uint8Array(m.length + crypto_sign_BYTES) var sm = new Uint8Array(m.length + crypto_sign_BYTES)
crypto_sign(sm, m, sk) crypto_sign(sm, m, sk)
for (var i = 0; i < crypto_sign_BYTES; i++) sig[i] = sm[i] for (let i = 0; i < crypto_sign_BYTES; i++) sig[i] = sm[i]
}
function is_zero25519 (f) {
var s = new Uint8Array(32)
pack25519(s, f)
return sodium_is_zero(s, 32)
function sodium_is_zero (n) {
let i
let d = 0
for (let i = 0; i < n.length; i++) {
d |= n[i]
}
return 1 & ((d - 1) >> 8)
}
} }
function unpackneg (r, p) { function unpackneg (r, p) {
var t = gf(), chk = gf(), num = gf(), var t = gf(), chk = gf(), num = gf(),
den = gf(), den2 = gf(), den4 = gf(), den = gf(), den2 = gf(), den4 = gf(),
den6 = gf(); den6 = gf(), x_sqrtm1 = gf(), m_root_check = gf()
set25519(r[2], gf1); set25519(r[2], gf1)
unpack25519(r[1], p); unpack25519(r[1], p)
S(num, r[1]); S(num, r[1])
M(den, num, D); M(den, num, D)
Z(num, num, r[2]); Z(num, num, r[2])
A(den, r[2], den); A(den, r[2], den)
S(den2, den); S(den2, den)
S(den4, den2); S(den4, den2)
M(den6, den4, den2); M(den6, den4, den2)
M(t, den6, num); M(t, den6, num)
M(t, t, den); M(t, t, den)
pow2523(t, t); pow2523(t, t)
M(t, t, num); M(t, t, num)
M(t, t, den); M(t, t, den)
M(t, t, den); M(t, t, den)
M(r[0], t, den); M(r[0], t, den)
S(chk, r[0]); S(chk, r[0])
M(chk, chk, den); M(chk, chk, den)
if (neq25519(chk, num)) M(r[0], r[0], I); if (neq25519(chk, num)) M(r[0], r[0], I)
S(chk, r[0]); S(chk, r[0])
M(chk, chk, den); M(chk, chk, den)
if (neq25519(chk, num)) return -1; if (neq25519(chk, num)) return -1
if (par25519(r[0]) === (p[31]>>7)) Z(r[0], gf0, r[0]); M(x_sqrtm1, r[0], I) /* x*sqrt(-1) */
// sel25519(r[0], x_sqrtm1, 1 - has_m_root)
M(r[3], r[0], r[1]); if (par25519(r[0]) === (p[31] >> 7)) {
return 0; Z(r[0], gf(), r[0])
} }
M(r[3], r[0], r[1])
return 0
}
/* eslint-disable no-unused-vars */
function crypto_sign_open (msg, sm, pk) { function crypto_sign_open (msg, sm, pk) {
check(msg, sm.length - crypto_sign_BYTES) check(msg, sm.length - crypto_sign_BYTES)
check(sm, crypto_sign_BYTES) check(sm, crypto_sign_BYTES)
@ -262,37 +301,38 @@ function crypto_sign_open(msg, sm, pk) {
var n = sm.length var n = sm.length
var m = new Uint8Array(sm.length) var m = new Uint8Array(sm.length)
var i, mlen; var i, mlen
var t = new Uint8Array(32), h = new Uint8Array(64); var t = new Uint8Array(32), h = new Uint8Array(64)
var p = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()], var p = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()],
q = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]; q = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]
mlen = -1; mlen = -1
if (n < 64) return false; if (n < 64) return false
if (unpackneg(q, pk)) return false; if (unpackneg(q, pk)) return false
pack(t, q);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) m[i] = sm[i]; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) m[i] = sm[i]
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) m[i+32] = pk[i]; for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) m[i + 32] = pk[i]
crypto_hash(h, m, n); crypto_hash(h, m, n)
reduce(h); reduce(h)
scalarmult(p, q, h); scalarmult(p, q, h)
scalarbase(q, sm.subarray(32)); scalarbase(q, sm.subarray(32))
add(p, q); add(p, q)
pack(t, p); pack(t, p)
n -= 64; n -= 64
if (crypto_verify_32(sm, 0, t, 0)) { if (crypto_verify_32(sm, 0, t, 0)) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) m[i] = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) m[i] = 0
return false; return false
// throw new Error('crypto_sign_open failed')
} }
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) msg[i] = sm[i + 64]; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) msg[i] = sm[i + 64]
mlen = n; mlen = n
return true; return true
} }
/* eslint-enable no-unused-vars */
function crypto_sign_verify_detached (sig, m, pk) { function crypto_sign_verify_detached (sig, m, pk) {
check(sig, crypto_sign_BYTES) check(sig, crypto_sign_BYTES)
@ -304,18 +344,145 @@ function crypto_sign_verify_detached (sig, m, pk) {
} }
function par25519 (a) { function par25519 (a) {
var d = new Uint8Array(32); var d = new Uint8Array(32)
pack25519(d, a); pack25519(d, a)
return d[0] & 1; return d[0] & 1
} }
function neq25519 (a, b) { function neq25519 (a, b) {
var c = new Uint8Array(32), d = new Uint8Array(32); var c = new Uint8Array(32), d = new Uint8Array(32)
pack25519(c, a); pack25519(c, a)
pack25519(d, b); pack25519(d, b)
return crypto_verify_32(c, 0, d, 0); return crypto_verify_32(c, 0, d, 0)
} }
function ed25519_mul_l (p, q) {
scalarmult(p, q, L)
}
function ed25519_is_on_main_subgroup (p) {
var pl = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]
ed25519_mul_l(pl, p)
var zero = 0
for (let i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
zero |= (pl[0][i] & 0xffff)
}
return zero === 0
}
function crypto_sign_ed25519_pk_to_curve25519 (x25519_pk, ed25519_pk) {
check(x25519_pk, crypto_sign_PUBLICKEYBYTES)
check(ed25519_pk, crypto_sign_ed25519_PUBLICKEYBYTES)
var a = [gf(), gf(), gf(), gf()]
var x = gf([1])
var one_minus_y = gf([1])
if (isSmallOrder(ed25519_pk) !== 0 ||
unpackneg(a, ed25519_pk) !== 0 ||
!ed25519_is_on_main_subgroup(a)) return -1
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
pack25519(x25519_pk, a[i]);
}
Z(one_minus_y, one_minus_y, a[1])
A(x, x, a[1])
inv25519(one_minus_y, one_minus_y)
M(x, x, one_minus_y)
pack25519(x25519_pk, x)
return 0
}
function isSmallOrder (s) {
Uint8Array.from([])
var bad_points = [
// 0 (order 4)
Uint8Array.from([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
// 1 (order 1)
Uint8Array.from([0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]),
// 2707385501144840649318225287225658788936804267575313519463743609750303402022(order 8)
Uint8Array.from([0x26, 0xe8, 0x95, 0x8f, 0xc2, 0xb2, 0x27, 0xb0, 0x45, 0xc3,
0xf4, 0x89, 0xf2, 0xef, 0x98, 0xf0, 0xd5, 0xdf, 0xac, 0x05, 0xd3,
0xc6, 0x33, 0x39, 0xb1, 0x38, 0x02, 0x88, 0x6d, 0x53, 0xfc, 0x05]),
// 55188659117513257062467267217118295137698188065244968500265048394206261417927 (order 8)
Uint8Array.from([0xc7, 0x17, 0x6a, 0x70, 0x3d, 0x4d, 0xd8, 0x4f, 0xba, 0x3c,
0x0b, 0x76, 0x0d, 0x10, 0x67, 0x0f, 0x2a, 0x20, 0x53, 0xfa, 0x2c,
0x39, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0x4e, 0xc7, 0xfd, 0x77, 0x92, 0xac, 0x03, 0x7a]),
// p-1 (order 2)
Uint8Array.from([0xec, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f]),
// p (=0 order 4)
Uint8Array.from([0xed, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f]),
// p + 1 (=1 order 1)
Uint8Array.from([0xee, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7f])
]
var c = new Uint8Array(7)
var j
check (bad_points, 7)
for (let i = 0; i < bad_points.length; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 31; j++) {
c[i] |= s[j] ^ bad_points[i][j]
}
}
for (let i = 0; i < bad_points.length; i++) {
c[i] |= (s[j] & 0x7f) ^ bad_points[i][j]
}
var k = 0
for (let i = 0; i < bad_points.length; i++) {
k |= (c[i] - 1)
}
return ((k >> 8) & 1)
}
function crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_pk (pk, sk) {
check(pk, crypto_sign_ed25519_PUBLICKEYBYTES)
pk.set(sk.subarray(crypto_sign_ed25519_SEEDBYTES))
return pk
}
function crypto_sign_ed25519_sk_to_curve25519 (curveSk, edSk) {
check(curveSk, crypto_sign_SECRETKEYBYTES)
check(edSk, crypto_sign_ed25519_SECRETKEYBYTES)
var h = Buffer.alloc(crypto_hash_sha512_BYTES);
crypto_hash(h, edSk, 32)
h[0] &= 248;
h[31] &= 127;
h[31] |= 64;
curveSk.set(edSk)
h.fill(0)
return curveSk
}
function check (buf, len) { function check (buf, len) {
if (!buf || (len && buf.length < len)) throw new Error('Argument must be a buffer' + (len ? ' of length ' + len : '')) if (!buf || (len && buf.length < len)) throw new Error('Argument must be a buffer' + (len ? ' of length ' + len : ''))
} }