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65ed1a6871
plugeth/trie/trie_test.go
Qian Bin 65ed1a6871
rlp, trie: faster trie node encoding (#24126) 
This change speeds up trie hashing and all other activities that require
RLP encoding of trie nodes by approximately 20%. The speedup is achieved by
avoiding reflection overhead during node encoding.

The interface type trie.node now contains a method 'encode' that works with
rlp.EncoderBuffer. Management of EncoderBuffers is left to calling code.
trie.hasher, which is pooled to avoid allocations, now maintains an
EncoderBuffer. This means memory resources related to trie node encoding
are tied to the hasher pool.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
2022-03-09 14:45:17 +01:00

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// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
package trie
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"hash"
"io/ioutil"
"math/big"
"math/rand"
"os"
"reflect"
"testing"
"testing/quick"
"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb/leveldb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb/memorydb"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
)
func init() {
spew.Config.Indent = " "
spew.Config.DisableMethods = false
}
// Used for testing
func newEmpty() *Trie {
trie, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(memorydb.New()))
return trie
}
func TestEmptyTrie(t *testing.T) {
var trie Trie
res := trie.Hash()
exp := emptyRoot
if res != exp {
t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", exp, res)
}
}
func TestNull(t *testing.T) {
var trie Trie
key := make([]byte, 32)
value := []byte("test")
trie.Update(key, value)
if !bytes.Equal(trie.Get(key), value) {
t.Fatal("wrong value")
}
}
func TestMissingRoot(t *testing.T) {
trie, err := New(common.HexToHash("0beec7b5ea3f0fdbc95d0dd47f3c5bc275da8a33"), NewDatabase(memorydb.New()))
if trie != nil {
t.Error("New returned non-nil trie for invalid root")
}
if _, ok := err.(*MissingNodeError); !ok {
t.Errorf("New returned wrong error: %v", err)
}
}
func TestMissingNodeDisk(t *testing.T) { testMissingNode(t, false) }
func TestMissingNodeMemonly(t *testing.T) { testMissingNode(t, true) }
func testMissingNode(t *testing.T, memonly bool) {
diskdb := memorydb.New()
triedb := NewDatabase(diskdb)
trie, _ := New(common.Hash{}, triedb)
updateString(trie, "120000", "qwerqwerqwerqwerqwerqwerqwerqwer")
updateString(trie, "123456", "asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf")
root, _, _ := trie.Commit(nil)
if !memonly {
triedb.Commit(root, true, nil)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
_, err := trie.TryGet([]byte("120000"))
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
_, err = trie.TryGet([]byte("120099"))
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
_, err = trie.TryGet([]byte("123456"))
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
err = trie.TryUpdate([]byte("120099"), []byte("zxcvzxcvzxcvzxcvzxcvzxcvzxcvzxcv"))
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
err = trie.TryDelete([]byte("123456"))
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
}
hash := common.HexToHash("0xe1d943cc8f061a0c0b98162830b970395ac9315654824bf21b73b891365262f9")
if memonly {
delete(triedb.dirties, hash)
} else {
diskdb.Delete(hash[:])
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
_, err = trie.TryGet([]byte("120000"))
if _, ok := err.(*MissingNodeError); !ok {
t.Errorf("Wrong error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
_, err = trie.TryGet([]byte("120099"))
if _, ok := err.(*MissingNodeError); !ok {
t.Errorf("Wrong error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
_, err = trie.TryGet([]byte("123456"))
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
err = trie.TryUpdate([]byte("120099"), []byte("zxcv"))
if _, ok := err.(*MissingNodeError); !ok {
t.Errorf("Wrong error: %v", err)
}
trie, _ = New(root, triedb)
err = trie.TryDelete([]byte("123456"))
if _, ok := err.(*MissingNodeError); !ok {
t.Errorf("Wrong error: %v", err)
}
}
func TestInsert(t *testing.T) {
trie := newEmpty()
updateString(trie, "doe", "reindeer")
updateString(trie, "dog", "puppy")
updateString(trie, "dogglesworth", "cat")
exp := common.HexToHash("8aad789dff2f538bca5d8ea56e8abe10f4c7ba3a5dea95fea4cd6e7c3a1168d3")
root := trie.Hash()
if root != exp {
t.Errorf("case 1: exp %x got %x", exp, root)
}
trie = newEmpty()
updateString(trie, "A", "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa")
exp = common.HexToHash("d23786fb4a010da3ce639d66d5e904a11dbc02746d1ce25029e53290cabf28ab")
root, _, err := trie.Commit(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("commit error: %v", err)
}
if root != exp {
t.Errorf("case 2: exp %x got %x", exp, root)
}
}
func TestGet(t *testing.T) {
trie := newEmpty()
updateString(trie, "doe", "reindeer")
updateString(trie, "dog", "puppy")
updateString(trie, "dogglesworth", "cat")
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
res := getString(trie, "dog")
if !bytes.Equal(res, []byte("puppy")) {
t.Errorf("expected puppy got %x", res)
}
unknown := getString(trie, "unknown")
if unknown != nil {
t.Errorf("expected nil got %x", unknown)
}
if i == 1 {
return
}
trie.Commit(nil)
}
}
func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
trie := newEmpty()
vals := []struct{ k, v string }{
{"do", "verb"},
{"ether", "wookiedoo"},
{"horse", "stallion"},
{"shaman", "horse"},
{"doge", "coin"},
{"ether", ""},
{"dog", "puppy"},
{"shaman", ""},
}
for _, val := range vals {
if val.v != "" {
updateString(trie, val.k, val.v)
} else {
deleteString(trie, val.k)
}
}
hash := trie.Hash()
exp := common.HexToHash("5991bb8c6514148a29db676a14ac506cd2cd5775ace63c30a4fe457715e9ac84")
if hash != exp {
t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", exp, hash)
}
}
func TestEmptyValues(t *testing.T) {
trie := newEmpty()
vals := []struct{ k, v string }{
{"do", "verb"},
{"ether", "wookiedoo"},
{"horse", "stallion"},
{"shaman", "horse"},
{"doge", "coin"},
{"ether", ""},
{"dog", "puppy"},
{"shaman", ""},
}
for _, val := range vals {
updateString(trie, val.k, val.v)
}
hash := trie.Hash()
exp := common.HexToHash("5991bb8c6514148a29db676a14ac506cd2cd5775ace63c30a4fe457715e9ac84")
if hash != exp {
t.Errorf("expected %x got %x", exp, hash)
}
}
func TestReplication(t *testing.T) {
trie := newEmpty()
vals := []struct{ k, v string }{
{"do", "verb"},
{"ether", "wookiedoo"},
{"horse", "stallion"},
{"shaman", "horse"},
{"doge", "coin"},
{"dog", "puppy"},
{"somethingveryoddindeedthis is", "myothernodedata"},
}
for _, val := range vals {
updateString(trie, val.k, val.v)
}
exp, _, err := trie.Commit(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("commit error: %v", err)
}
// create a new trie on top of the database and check that lookups work.
trie2, err := New(exp, trie.db)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("can't recreate trie at %x: %v", exp, err)
}
for _, kv := range vals {
if string(getString(trie2, kv.k)) != kv.v {
t.Errorf("trie2 doesn't have %q => %q", kv.k, kv.v)
}
}
hash, _, err := trie2.Commit(nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("commit error: %v", err)
}
if hash != exp {
t.Errorf("root failure. expected %x got %x", exp, hash)
}
// perform some insertions on the new trie.
vals2 := []struct{ k, v string }{
{"do", "verb"},
{"ether", "wookiedoo"},
{"horse", "stallion"},
// {"shaman", "horse"},
// {"doge", "coin"},
// {"ether", ""},
// {"dog", "puppy"},
// {"somethingveryoddindeedthis is", "myothernodedata"},
// {"shaman", ""},
}
for _, val := range vals2 {
updateString(trie2, val.k, val.v)
}
if hash := trie2.Hash(); hash != exp {
t.Errorf("root failure. expected %x got %x", exp, hash)
}
}
func TestLargeValue(t *testing.T) {
trie := newEmpty()
trie.Update([]byte("key1"), []byte{99, 99, 99, 99})
trie.Update([]byte("key2"), bytes.Repeat([]byte{1}, 32))
trie.Hash()
}
// TestRandomCases tests som cases that were found via random fuzzing
func TestRandomCases(t *testing.T) {
var rt = []randTestStep{
{op: 6, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 0
{op: 6, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 1
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("d51b182b95d677e5f1c82508c0228de96b73092d78ce78b2230cd948674f66fd1483bd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000002")}, // step 2
{op: 2, key: common.Hex2Bytes("c2a38512b83107d665c65235b0250002882ac2022eb00711552354832c5f1d030d0e408e"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 3
{op: 3, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 4
{op: 3, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 5
{op: 6, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 6
{op: 3, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 7
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("c2a38512b83107d665c65235b0250002882ac2022eb00711552354832c5f1d030d0e408e"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000008")}, // step 8
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("d51b182b95d677e5f1c82508c0228de96b73092d78ce78b2230cd948674f66fd1483bd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000009")}, // step 9
{op: 2, key: common.Hex2Bytes("fd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 10
{op: 6, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 11
{op: 6, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 12
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("fd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("000000000000000d")}, // step 13
{op: 6, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 14
{op: 1, key: common.Hex2Bytes("c2a38512b83107d665c65235b0250002882ac2022eb00711552354832c5f1d030d0e408e"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 15
{op: 3, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 16
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("c2a38512b83107d665c65235b0250002882ac2022eb00711552354832c5f1d030d0e408e"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000011")}, // step 17
{op: 5, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 18
{op: 3, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 19
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("d51b182b95d677e5f1c82508c0228de96b73092d78ce78b2230cd948674f66fd1483bd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000014")}, // step 20
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("d51b182b95d677e5f1c82508c0228de96b73092d78ce78b2230cd948674f66fd1483bd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000015")}, // step 21
{op: 0, key: common.Hex2Bytes("c2a38512b83107d665c65235b0250002882ac2022eb00711552354832c5f1d030d0e408e"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000016")}, // step 22
{op: 5, key: common.Hex2Bytes(""), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 23
{op: 1, key: common.Hex2Bytes("980c393656413a15c8da01978ed9f89feb80b502f58f2d640e3a2f5f7a99a7018f1b573befd92053ac6f78fca4a87268"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 24
{op: 1, key: common.Hex2Bytes("fd"), value: common.Hex2Bytes("")}, // step 25
}
runRandTest(rt)
}
// randTest performs random trie operations.
// Instances of this test are created by Generate.
type randTest []randTestStep
type randTestStep struct {
op int
key []byte // for opUpdate, opDelete, opGet
value []byte // for opUpdate
err error // for debugging
}
const (
opUpdate = iota
opDelete
opGet
opCommit
opHash
opReset
opItercheckhash
opMax // boundary value, not an actual op
)
func (randTest) Generate(r *rand.Rand, size int) reflect.Value {
var allKeys [][]byte
genKey := func() []byte {
if len(allKeys) < 2 || r.Intn(100) < 10 {
// new key
key := make([]byte, r.Intn(50))
r.Read(key)
allKeys = append(allKeys, key)
return key
}
// use existing key
return allKeys[r.Intn(len(allKeys))]
}
var steps randTest
for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
step := randTestStep{op: r.Intn(opMax)}
switch step.op {
case opUpdate:
step.key = genKey()
step.value = make([]byte, 8)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(step.value, uint64(i))
case opGet, opDelete:
step.key = genKey()
}
steps = append(steps, step)
}
return reflect.ValueOf(steps)
}
func runRandTest(rt randTest) bool {
triedb := NewDatabase(memorydb.New())
tr, _ := New(common.Hash{}, triedb)
values := make(map[string]string) // tracks content of the trie
for i, step := range rt {
// fmt.Printf("{op: %d, key: common.Hex2Bytes(\"%x\"), value: common.Hex2Bytes(\"%x\")}, // step %d\n",
// step.op, step.key, step.value, i)
switch step.op {
case opUpdate:
tr.Update(step.key, step.value)
values[string(step.key)] = string(step.value)
case opDelete:
tr.Delete(step.key)
delete(values, string(step.key))
case opGet:
v := tr.Get(step.key)
want := values[string(step.key)]
if string(v) != want {
rt[i].err = fmt.Errorf("mismatch for key 0x%x, got 0x%x want 0x%x", step.key, v, want)
}
case opCommit:
_, _, rt[i].err = tr.Commit(nil)
case opHash:
tr.Hash()
case opReset:
hash, _, err := tr.Commit(nil)
if err != nil {
rt[i].err = err
return false
}
newtr, err := New(hash, triedb)
if err != nil {
rt[i].err = err
return false
}
tr = newtr
case opItercheckhash:
checktr, _ := New(common.Hash{}, triedb)
it := NewIterator(tr.NodeIterator(nil))
for it.Next() {
checktr.Update(it.Key, it.Value)
}
if tr.Hash() != checktr.Hash() {
rt[i].err = fmt.Errorf("hash mismatch in opItercheckhash")
}
}
// Abort the test on error.
if rt[i].err != nil {
return false
}
}
return true
}
func TestRandom(t *testing.T) {
if err := quick.Check(runRandTest, nil); err != nil {
if cerr, ok := err.(*quick.CheckError); ok {
t.Fatalf("random test iteration %d failed: %s", cerr.Count, spew.Sdump(cerr.In))
}
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
func BenchmarkGet(b *testing.B) { benchGet(b, false) }
func BenchmarkGetDB(b *testing.B) { benchGet(b, true) }
func BenchmarkUpdateBE(b *testing.B) { benchUpdate(b, binary.BigEndian) }
func BenchmarkUpdateLE(b *testing.B) { benchUpdate(b, binary.LittleEndian) }
const benchElemCount = 20000
func benchGet(b *testing.B, commit bool) {
trie := new(Trie)
if commit {
_, tmpdb := tempDB()
trie, _ = New(common.Hash{}, tmpdb)
}
k := make([]byte, 32)
for i := 0; i < benchElemCount; i++ {
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(k, uint64(i))
trie.Update(k, k)
}
binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(k, benchElemCount/2)
if commit {
trie.Commit(nil)
}
b.ResetTimer()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
trie.Get(k)
}
b.StopTimer()
if commit {
ldb := trie.db.diskdb.(*leveldb.Database)
ldb.Close()
os.RemoveAll(ldb.Path())
}
}
func benchUpdate(b *testing.B, e binary.ByteOrder) *Trie {
trie := newEmpty()
k := make([]byte, 32)
b.ReportAllocs()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
e.PutUint64(k, uint64(i))
trie.Update(k, k)
}
return trie
}
// Benchmarks the trie hashing. Since the trie caches the result of any operation,
// we cannot use b.N as the number of hashing rouns, since all rounds apart from
// the first one will be NOOP. As such, we'll use b.N as the number of account to
// insert into the trie before measuring the hashing.
// BenchmarkHash-6 288680 4561 ns/op 682 B/op 9 allocs/op
// BenchmarkHash-6 275095 4800 ns/op 685 B/op 9 allocs/op
// pure hasher:
// BenchmarkHash-6 319362 4230 ns/op 675 B/op 9 allocs/op
// BenchmarkHash-6 257460 4674 ns/op 689 B/op 9 allocs/op
// With hashing in-between and pure hasher:
// BenchmarkHash-6 225417 7150 ns/op 982 B/op 12 allocs/op
// BenchmarkHash-6 220378 6197 ns/op 983 B/op 12 allocs/op
// same with old hasher
// BenchmarkHash-6 229758 6437 ns/op 981 B/op 12 allocs/op
// BenchmarkHash-6 212610 7137 ns/op 986 B/op 12 allocs/op
func BenchmarkHash(b *testing.B) {
// Create a realistic account trie to hash. We're first adding and hashing N
// entries, then adding N more.
addresses, accounts := makeAccounts(2 * b.N)
// Insert the accounts into the trie and hash it
trie := newEmpty()
i := 0
for ; i < len(addresses)/2; i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
trie.Hash()
for ; i < len(addresses); i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
b.ResetTimer()
b.ReportAllocs()
//trie.hashRoot(nil, nil)
trie.Hash()
}
// Benchmarks the trie Commit following a Hash. Since the trie caches the result of any operation,
// we cannot use b.N as the number of hashing rouns, since all rounds apart from
// the first one will be NOOP. As such, we'll use b.N as the number of account to
// insert into the trie before measuring the hashing.
func BenchmarkCommitAfterHash(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("no-onleaf", func(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkCommitAfterHash(b, nil)
})
var a types.StateAccount
onleaf := func(paths [][]byte, hexpath []byte, leaf []byte, parent common.Hash) error {
rlp.DecodeBytes(leaf, &a)
return nil
}
b.Run("with-onleaf", func(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkCommitAfterHash(b, onleaf)
})
}
func benchmarkCommitAfterHash(b *testing.B, onleaf LeafCallback) {
// Make the random benchmark deterministic
addresses, accounts := makeAccounts(b.N)
trie := newEmpty()
for i := 0; i < len(addresses); i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
// Insert the accounts into the trie and hash it
trie.Hash()
b.ResetTimer()
b.ReportAllocs()
trie.Commit(onleaf)
}
func TestTinyTrie(t *testing.T) {
// Create a realistic account trie to hash
_, accounts := makeAccounts(5)
trie := newEmpty()
trie.Update(common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001337"), accounts[3])
if exp, root := common.HexToHash("8c6a85a4d9fda98feff88450299e574e5378e32391f75a055d470ac0653f1005"), trie.Hash(); exp != root {
t.Errorf("1: got %x, exp %x", root, exp)
}
trie.Update(common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001338"), accounts[4])
if exp, root := common.HexToHash("ec63b967e98a5720e7f720482151963982890d82c9093c0d486b7eb8883a66b1"), trie.Hash(); exp != root {
t.Errorf("2: got %x, exp %x", root, exp)
}
trie.Update(common.Hex2Bytes("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001339"), accounts[4])
if exp, root := common.HexToHash("0608c1d1dc3905fa22204c7a0e43644831c3b6d3def0f274be623a948197e64a"), trie.Hash(); exp != root {
t.Errorf("3: got %x, exp %x", root, exp)
}
checktr, _ := New(common.Hash{}, trie.db)
it := NewIterator(trie.NodeIterator(nil))
for it.Next() {
checktr.Update(it.Key, it.Value)
}
if troot, itroot := trie.Hash(), checktr.Hash(); troot != itroot {
t.Fatalf("hash mismatch in opItercheckhash, trie: %x, check: %x", troot, itroot)
}
}
func TestCommitAfterHash(t *testing.T) {
// Create a realistic account trie to hash
addresses, accounts := makeAccounts(1000)
trie := newEmpty()
for i := 0; i < len(addresses); i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
// Insert the accounts into the trie and hash it
trie.Hash()
trie.Commit(nil)
root := trie.Hash()
exp := common.HexToHash("72f9d3f3fe1e1dd7b8936442e7642aef76371472d94319900790053c493f3fe6")
if exp != root {
t.Errorf("got %x, exp %x", root, exp)
}
root, _, _ = trie.Commit(nil)
if exp != root {
t.Errorf("got %x, exp %x", root, exp)
}
}
func makeAccounts(size int) (addresses [][20]byte, accounts [][]byte) {
// Make the random benchmark deterministic
random := rand.New(rand.NewSource(0))
// Create a realistic account trie to hash
addresses = make([][20]byte, size)
for i := 0; i < len(addresses); i++ {
data := make([]byte, 20)
random.Read(data)
copy(addresses[i][:], data)
}
accounts = make([][]byte, len(addresses))
for i := 0; i < len(accounts); i++ {
var (
nonce = uint64(random.Int63())
root = emptyRoot
code = crypto.Keccak256(nil)
)
// The big.Rand function is not deterministic with regards to 64 vs 32 bit systems,
// and will consume different amount of data from the rand source.
//balance = new(big.Int).Rand(random, new(big.Int).Exp(common.Big2, common.Big256, nil))
// Therefore, we instead just read via byte buffer
numBytes := random.Uint32() % 33 // [0, 32] bytes
balanceBytes := make([]byte, numBytes)
random.Read(balanceBytes)
balance := new(big.Int).SetBytes(balanceBytes)
data, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(&types.StateAccount{Nonce: nonce, Balance: balance, Root: root, CodeHash: code})
accounts[i] = data
}
return addresses, accounts
}
// spongeDb is a dummy db backend which accumulates writes in a sponge
type spongeDb struct {
sponge hash.Hash
id string
journal []string
}
func (s *spongeDb) Has(key []byte) (bool, error) { panic("implement me") }
func (s *spongeDb) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) { return nil, errors.New("no such elem") }
func (s *spongeDb) Delete(key []byte) error { panic("implement me") }
func (s *spongeDb) NewBatch() ethdb.Batch { return &spongeBatch{s} }
func (s *spongeDb) NewBatchWithSize(size int) ethdb.Batch { return &spongeBatch{s} }
func (s *spongeDb) Stat(property string) (string, error) { panic("implement me") }
func (s *spongeDb) Compact(start []byte, limit []byte) error { panic("implement me") }
func (s *spongeDb) Close() error { return nil }
func (s *spongeDb) Put(key []byte, value []byte) error {
valbrief := value
if len(valbrief) > 8 {
valbrief = valbrief[:8]
}
s.journal = append(s.journal, fmt.Sprintf("%v: PUT([%x...], [%d bytes] %x...)\n", s.id, key[:8], len(value), valbrief))
s.sponge.Write(key)
s.sponge.Write(value)
return nil
}
func (s *spongeDb) NewIterator(prefix []byte, start []byte) ethdb.Iterator { panic("implement me") }
// spongeBatch is a dummy batch which immediately writes to the underlying spongedb
type spongeBatch struct {
db *spongeDb
}
func (b *spongeBatch) Put(key, value []byte) error {
b.db.Put(key, value)
return nil
}
func (b *spongeBatch) Delete(key []byte) error { panic("implement me") }
func (b *spongeBatch) ValueSize() int { return 100 }
func (b *spongeBatch) Write() error { return nil }
func (b *spongeBatch) Reset() {}
func (b *spongeBatch) Replay(w ethdb.KeyValueWriter) error { return nil }
// TestCommitSequence tests that the trie.Commit operation writes the elements of the trie
// in the expected order, and calls the callbacks in the expected order.
// The test data was based on the 'master' code, and is basically random. It can be used
// to check whether changes to the trie modifies the write order or data in any way.
func TestCommitSequence(t *testing.T) {
for i, tc := range []struct {
count int
expWriteSeqHash []byte
expCallbackSeqHash []byte
}{
{20, common.FromHex("873c78df73d60e59d4a2bcf3716e8bfe14554549fea2fc147cb54129382a8066"),
common.FromHex("ff00f91ac05df53b82d7f178d77ada54fd0dca64526f537034a5dbe41b17df2a")},
{200, common.FromHex("ba03d891bb15408c940eea5ee3d54d419595102648d02774a0268d892add9c8e"),
common.FromHex("f3cd509064c8d319bbdd1c68f511850a902ad275e6ed5bea11547e23d492a926")},
{2000, common.FromHex("f7a184f20df01c94f09537401d11e68d97ad0c00115233107f51b9c287ce60c7"),
common.FromHex("ff795ea898ba1e4cfed4a33b4cf5535a347a02cf931f88d88719faf810f9a1c9")},
} {
addresses, accounts := makeAccounts(tc.count)
// This spongeDb is used to check the sequence of disk-db-writes
s := &spongeDb{sponge: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()}
db := NewDatabase(s)
trie, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
// Another sponge is used to check the callback-sequence
callbackSponge := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
// Fill the trie with elements
for i := 0; i < tc.count; i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
// Flush trie -> database
root, _, _ := trie.Commit(nil)
// Flush memdb -> disk (sponge)
db.Commit(root, false, func(c common.Hash) {
// And spongify the callback-order
callbackSponge.Write(c[:])
})
if got, exp := s.sponge.Sum(nil), tc.expWriteSeqHash; !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
t.Errorf("test %d, disk write sequence wrong:\ngot %x exp %x\n", i, got, exp)
}
if got, exp := callbackSponge.Sum(nil), tc.expCallbackSeqHash; !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
t.Errorf("test %d, call back sequence wrong:\ngot: %x exp %x\n", i, got, exp)
}
}
}
// TestCommitSequenceRandomBlobs is identical to TestCommitSequence
// but uses random blobs instead of 'accounts'
func TestCommitSequenceRandomBlobs(t *testing.T) {
for i, tc := range []struct {
count int
expWriteSeqHash []byte
expCallbackSeqHash []byte
}{
{20, common.FromHex("8e4a01548551d139fa9e833ebc4e66fc1ba40a4b9b7259d80db32cff7b64ebbc"),
common.FromHex("450238d73bc36dc6cc6f926987e5428535e64be403877c4560e238a52749ba24")},
{200, common.FromHex("6869b4e7b95f3097a19ddb30ff735f922b915314047e041614df06958fc50554"),
common.FromHex("0ace0b03d6cb8c0b82f6289ef5b1a1838306b455a62dafc63cada8e2924f2550")},
{2000, common.FromHex("444200e6f4e2df49f77752f629a96ccf7445d4698c164f962bbd85a0526ef424"),
common.FromHex("117d30dafaa62a1eed498c3dfd70982b377ba2b46dd3e725ed6120c80829e518")},
} {
prng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(i)))
// This spongeDb is used to check the sequence of disk-db-writes
s := &spongeDb{sponge: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()}
db := NewDatabase(s)
trie, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
// Another sponge is used to check the callback-sequence
callbackSponge := sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256()
// Fill the trie with elements
for i := 0; i < tc.count; i++ {
key := make([]byte, 32)
var val []byte
// 50% short elements, 50% large elements
if prng.Intn(2) == 0 {
val = make([]byte, 1+prng.Intn(32))
} else {
val = make([]byte, 1+prng.Intn(4096))
}
prng.Read(key)
prng.Read(val)
trie.Update(key, val)
}
// Flush trie -> database
root, _, _ := trie.Commit(nil)
// Flush memdb -> disk (sponge)
db.Commit(root, false, func(c common.Hash) {
// And spongify the callback-order
callbackSponge.Write(c[:])
})
if got, exp := s.sponge.Sum(nil), tc.expWriteSeqHash; !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
t.Fatalf("test %d, disk write sequence wrong:\ngot %x exp %x\n", i, got, exp)
}
if got, exp := callbackSponge.Sum(nil), tc.expCallbackSeqHash; !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
t.Fatalf("test %d, call back sequence wrong:\ngot: %x exp %x\n", i, got, exp)
}
}
}
func TestCommitSequenceStackTrie(t *testing.T) {
for count := 1; count < 200; count++ {
prng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(count)))
// This spongeDb is used to check the sequence of disk-db-writes
s := &spongeDb{sponge: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256(), id: "a"}
db := NewDatabase(s)
trie, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
// Another sponge is used for the stacktrie commits
stackTrieSponge := &spongeDb{sponge: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256(), id: "b"}
stTrie := NewStackTrie(stackTrieSponge)
// Fill the trie with elements
for i := 1; i < count; i++ {
// For the stack trie, we need to do inserts in proper order
key := make([]byte, 32)
binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(key, uint64(i))
var val []byte
// 50% short elements, 50% large elements
if prng.Intn(2) == 0 {
val = make([]byte, 1+prng.Intn(32))
} else {
val = make([]byte, 1+prng.Intn(1024))
}
prng.Read(val)
trie.TryUpdate(key, val)
stTrie.TryUpdate(key, val)
}
// Flush trie -> database
root, _, _ := trie.Commit(nil)
// Flush memdb -> disk (sponge)
db.Commit(root, false, nil)
// And flush stacktrie -> disk
stRoot, err := stTrie.Commit()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to commit stack trie %v", err)
}
if stRoot != root {
t.Fatalf("root wrong, got %x exp %x", stRoot, root)
}
if got, exp := stackTrieSponge.sponge.Sum(nil), s.sponge.Sum(nil); !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
// Show the journal
t.Logf("Expected:")
for i, v := range s.journal {
t.Logf("op %d: %v", i, v)
}
t.Logf("Stacktrie:")
for i, v := range stackTrieSponge.journal {
t.Logf("op %d: %v", i, v)
}
t.Fatalf("test %d, disk write sequence wrong:\ngot %x exp %x\n", count, got, exp)
}
}
}
// TestCommitSequenceSmallRoot tests that a trie which is essentially only a
// small (<32 byte) shortnode with an included value is properly committed to a
// database.
// This case might not matter, since in practice, all keys are 32 bytes, which means
// that even a small trie which contains a leaf will have an extension making it
// not fit into 32 bytes, rlp-encoded. However, it's still the correct thing to do.
func TestCommitSequenceSmallRoot(t *testing.T) {
s := &spongeDb{sponge: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256(), id: "a"}
db := NewDatabase(s)
trie, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db)
// Another sponge is used for the stacktrie commits
stackTrieSponge := &spongeDb{sponge: sha3.NewLegacyKeccak256(), id: "b"}
stTrie := NewStackTrie(stackTrieSponge)
// Add a single small-element to the trie(s)
key := make([]byte, 5)
key[0] = 1
trie.TryUpdate(key, []byte{0x1})
stTrie.TryUpdate(key, []byte{0x1})
// Flush trie -> database
root, _, _ := trie.Commit(nil)
// Flush memdb -> disk (sponge)
db.Commit(root, false, nil)
// And flush stacktrie -> disk
stRoot, err := stTrie.Commit()
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to commit stack trie %v", err)
}
if stRoot != root {
t.Fatalf("root wrong, got %x exp %x", stRoot, root)
}
t.Logf("root: %x\n", stRoot)
if got, exp := stackTrieSponge.sponge.Sum(nil), s.sponge.Sum(nil); !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
t.Fatalf("test, disk write sequence wrong:\ngot %x exp %x\n", got, exp)
}
}
// BenchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize benchmarks the Commit (after Hash) of a fixed number of updates to a trie.
// This benchmark is meant to capture the difference on efficiency of small versus large changes. Typically,
// storage tries are small (a couple of entries), whereas the full post-block account trie update is large (a couple
// of thousand entries)
func BenchmarkHashFixedSize(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("10", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(20)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("100", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(100)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("1K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(1000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("10K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(10000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("100K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(100000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
}
func benchmarkHashFixedSize(b *testing.B, addresses [][20]byte, accounts [][]byte) {
b.ReportAllocs()
trie := newEmpty()
for i := 0; i < len(addresses); i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
// Insert the accounts into the trie and hash it
b.StartTimer()
trie.Hash()
b.StopTimer()
}
func BenchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("10", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(20)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("100", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(100)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("1K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(1000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("10K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(10000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("100K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(100000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
}
func benchmarkCommitAfterHashFixedSize(b *testing.B, addresses [][20]byte, accounts [][]byte) {
b.ReportAllocs()
trie := newEmpty()
for i := 0; i < len(addresses); i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
// Insert the accounts into the trie and hash it
trie.Hash()
b.StartTimer()
trie.Commit(nil)
b.StopTimer()
}
func BenchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b *testing.B) {
b.Run("10", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(20)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("100", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(100)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("1K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(1000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("10K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(10000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
b.Run("100K", func(b *testing.B) {
b.StopTimer()
acc, add := makeAccounts(100000)
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
benchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b, acc, add)
}
})
}
func benchmarkDerefRootFixedSize(b *testing.B, addresses [][20]byte, accounts [][]byte) {
b.ReportAllocs()
trie := newEmpty()
for i := 0; i < len(addresses); i++ {
trie.Update(crypto.Keccak256(addresses[i][:]), accounts[i])
}
h := trie.Hash()
trie.Commit(nil)
b.StartTimer()
trie.db.Dereference(h)
b.StopTimer()
}
func tempDB() (string, *Database) {
dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "trie-bench")
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("can't create temporary directory: %v", err))
}
diskdb, err := leveldb.New(dir, 256, 0, "", false)
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("can't create temporary database: %v", err))
}
return dir, NewDatabase(diskdb)
}
func getString(trie *Trie, k string) []byte {
return trie.Get([]byte(k))
}
func updateString(trie *Trie, k, v string) {
trie.Update([]byte(k), []byte(v))
}
func deleteString(trie *Trie, k string) {
trie.Delete([]byte(k))
}
func TestDecodeNode(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
var (
hash = make([]byte, 20)
elems = make([]byte, 20)
)
for i := 0; i < 5000000; i++ {
rand.Read(hash)
rand.Read(elems)
decodeNode(hash, elems)
}
}
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