// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Package downloader contains the manual full chain synchronisation.
package downloader

import (
	"errors"
	"math"
	"math/big"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/logger/glog"
)

const (
	eth61 = 61 // Constant to check for old protocol support
	eth62 = 62 // Constant to check for new protocol support
)

var (
	MaxHashFetch     = 512 // Amount of hashes to be fetched per retrieval request
	MaxBlockFetch    = 128 // Amount of blocks to be fetched per retrieval request
	MaxHeaderFetch   = 192 // Amount of block headers to be fetched per retrieval request
	MaxBodyFetch     = 128 // Amount of block bodies to be fetched per retrieval request
	MaxStateFetch    = 384 // Amount of node state values to allow fetching per request
	MaxReceiptsFetch = 384 // Amount of transaction receipts to allow fetching per request

	hashTTL      = 5 * time.Second  // [eth/61] Time it takes for a hash request to time out
	blockSoftTTL = 3 * time.Second  // [eth/61] Request completion threshold for increasing or decreasing a peer's bandwidth
	blockHardTTL = 3 * blockSoftTTL // [eth/61] Maximum time allowance before a block request is considered expired
	headerTTL    = 5 * time.Second  // [eth/62] Time it takes for a header request to time out
	bodySoftTTL  = 3 * time.Second  // [eth/62] Request completion threshold for increasing or decreasing a peer's bandwidth
	bodyHardTTL  = 3 * bodySoftTTL  // [eth/62] Maximum time allowance before a block body request is considered expired

	maxQueuedHashes  = 256 * 1024 // [eth/61] Maximum number of hashes to queue for import (DOS protection)
	maxQueuedHeaders = 256 * 1024 // [eth/62] Maximum number of headers to queue for import (DOS protection)
	maxBlockProcess  = 256        // Number of blocks to import at once into the chain
)

var (
	errBusy              = errors.New("busy")
	errUnknownPeer       = errors.New("peer is unknown or unhealthy")
	errBadPeer           = errors.New("action from bad peer ignored")
	errStallingPeer      = errors.New("peer is stalling")
	errNoPeers           = errors.New("no peers to keep download active")
	errPendingQueue      = errors.New("pending items in queue")
	errTimeout           = errors.New("timeout")
	errEmptyHashSet      = errors.New("empty hash set by peer")
	errEmptyHeaderSet    = errors.New("empty header set by peer")
	errPeersUnavailable  = errors.New("no peers available or all peers tried for block download process")
	errAlreadyInPool     = errors.New("hash already in pool")
	errInvalidChain      = errors.New("retrieved hash chain is invalid")
	errInvalidBody       = errors.New("retrieved block body is invalid")
	errCancelHashFetch   = errors.New("hash fetching canceled (requested)")
	errCancelBlockFetch  = errors.New("block downloading canceled (requested)")
	errCancelHeaderFetch = errors.New("block header fetching canceled (requested)")
	errCancelBodyFetch   = errors.New("block body downloading canceled (requested)")
	errNoSyncActive      = errors.New("no sync active")
)

// hashCheckFn is a callback type for verifying a hash's presence in the local chain.
type hashCheckFn func(common.Hash) bool

// blockRetrievalFn is a callback type for retrieving a block from the local chain.
type blockRetrievalFn func(common.Hash) *types.Block

// headRetrievalFn is a callback type for retrieving the head block from the local chain.
type headRetrievalFn func() *types.Block

// tdRetrievalFn is a callback type for retrieving the total difficulty of a local block.
type tdRetrievalFn func(common.Hash) *big.Int

// chainInsertFn is a callback type to insert a batch of blocks into the local chain.
type chainInsertFn func(types.Blocks) (int, error)

// peerDropFn is a callback type for dropping a peer detected as malicious.
type peerDropFn func(id string)

// hashPack is a batch of block hashes returned by a peer (eth/61).
type hashPack struct {
	peerId string
	hashes []common.Hash
}

// blockPack is a batch of blocks returned by a peer (eth/61).
type blockPack struct {
	peerId string
	blocks []*types.Block
}

// headerPack is a batch of block headers returned by a peer.
type headerPack struct {
	peerId  string
	headers []*types.Header
}

// bodyPack is a batch of block bodies returned by a peer.
type bodyPack struct {
	peerId       string
	transactions [][]*types.Transaction
	uncles       [][]*types.Header
}

type Downloader struct {
	mux *event.TypeMux

	queue *queue   // Scheduler for selecting the hashes to download
	peers *peerSet // Set of active peers from which download can proceed

	interrupt int32 // Atomic boolean to signal termination

	// Statistics
	importStart time.Time // Instance when the last blocks were taken from the cache
	importQueue []*Block  // Previously taken blocks to check import progress
	importDone  int       // Number of taken blocks already imported from the last batch
	importLock  sync.Mutex

	// Callbacks
	hasBlock    hashCheckFn      // Checks if a block is present in the chain
	getBlock    blockRetrievalFn // Retrieves a block from the chain
	headBlock   headRetrievalFn  // Retrieves the head block from the chain
	getTd       tdRetrievalFn    // Retrieves the TD of a block from the chain
	insertChain chainInsertFn    // Injects a batch of blocks into the chain
	dropPeer    peerDropFn       // Drops a peer for misbehaving

	// Status
	synchroniseMock func(id string, hash common.Hash) error // Replacement for synchronise during testing
	synchronising   int32
	processing      int32
	notified        int32

	// Channels
	newPeerCh chan *peer
	hashCh    chan hashPack   // [eth/61] Channel receiving inbound hashes
	blockCh   chan blockPack  // [eth/61] Channel receiving inbound blocks
	headerCh  chan headerPack // [eth/62] Channel receiving inbound block headers
	bodyCh    chan bodyPack   // [eth/62] Channel receiving inbound block bodies
	processCh chan bool       // Channel to signal the block fetcher of new or finished work

	cancelCh   chan struct{} // Channel to cancel mid-flight syncs
	cancelLock sync.RWMutex  // Lock to protect the cancel channel in delivers

	// Testing hooks
	bodyFetchHook   func([]*types.Header) // Method to call upon starting a block body fetch
	chainInsertHook func([]*Block)        // Method to call upon inserting a chain of blocks (possibly in multiple invocations)
}

// Block is an origin-tagged blockchain block.
type Block struct {
	RawBlock   *types.Block
	OriginPeer string
}

// New creates a new downloader to fetch hashes and blocks from remote peers.
func New(mux *event.TypeMux, hasBlock hashCheckFn, getBlock blockRetrievalFn, headBlock headRetrievalFn, getTd tdRetrievalFn, insertChain chainInsertFn, dropPeer peerDropFn) *Downloader {
	return &Downloader{
		mux:         mux,
		queue:       newQueue(),
		peers:       newPeerSet(),
		hasBlock:    hasBlock,
		getBlock:    getBlock,
		headBlock:   headBlock,
		getTd:       getTd,
		insertChain: insertChain,
		dropPeer:    dropPeer,
		newPeerCh:   make(chan *peer, 1),
		hashCh:      make(chan hashPack, 1),
		blockCh:     make(chan blockPack, 1),
		headerCh:    make(chan headerPack, 1),
		bodyCh:      make(chan bodyPack, 1),
		processCh:   make(chan bool, 1),
	}
}

// Stats retrieves the current status of the downloader.
func (d *Downloader) Stats() (pending int, cached int, importing int, estimate time.Duration) {
	// Fetch the download status
	pending, cached = d.queue.Size()

	// Figure out the import progress
	d.importLock.Lock()
	defer d.importLock.Unlock()

	for len(d.importQueue) > 0 && d.hasBlock(d.importQueue[0].RawBlock.Hash()) {
		d.importQueue = d.importQueue[1:]
		d.importDone++
	}
	importing = len(d.importQueue)

	// Make an estimate on the total sync
	estimate = 0
	if d.importDone > 0 {
		estimate = time.Since(d.importStart) / time.Duration(d.importDone) * time.Duration(pending+cached+importing)
	}
	return
}

// Synchronising returns whether the downloader is currently retrieving blocks.
func (d *Downloader) Synchronising() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&d.synchronising) > 0
}

// RegisterPeer injects a new download peer into the set of block source to be
// used for fetching hashes and blocks from.
func (d *Downloader) RegisterPeer(id string, version int, head common.Hash,
	getRelHashes relativeHashFetcherFn, getAbsHashes absoluteHashFetcherFn, getBlocks blockFetcherFn, // eth/61 callbacks, remove when upgrading
	getRelHeaders relativeHeaderFetcherFn, getAbsHeaders absoluteHeaderFetcherFn, getBlockBodies blockBodyFetcherFn) error {

	glog.V(logger.Detail).Infoln("Registering peer", id)
	if err := d.peers.Register(newPeer(id, version, head, getRelHashes, getAbsHashes, getBlocks, getRelHeaders, getAbsHeaders, getBlockBodies)); err != nil {
		glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("Register failed:", err)
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// UnregisterPeer remove a peer from the known list, preventing any action from
// the specified peer.
func (d *Downloader) UnregisterPeer(id string) error {
	glog.V(logger.Detail).Infoln("Unregistering peer", id)
	if err := d.peers.Unregister(id); err != nil {
		glog.V(logger.Error).Infoln("Unregister failed:", err)
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

// Synchronise tries to sync up our local block chain with a remote peer, both
// adding various sanity checks as well as wrapping it with various log entries.
func (d *Downloader) Synchronise(id string, head common.Hash, td *big.Int) {
	glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Attempting synchronisation: %v, head [%x…], TD %v", id, head[:4], td)

	switch err := d.synchronise(id, head, td); err {
	case nil:
		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Synchronisation completed")

	case errBusy:
		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("Synchronisation already in progress")

	case errTimeout, errBadPeer, errStallingPeer, errEmptyHashSet, errEmptyHeaderSet, errPeersUnavailable, errInvalidChain:
		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Removing peer %v: %v", id, err)
		d.dropPeer(id)

	case errPendingQueue:
		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infoln("Synchronisation aborted:", err)

	default:
		glog.V(logger.Warn).Infof("Synchronisation failed: %v", err)
	}
}

// synchronise will select the peer and use it for synchronising. If an empty string is given
// it will use the best peer possible and synchronize if it's TD is higher than our own. If any of the
// checks fail an error will be returned. This method is synchronous
func (d *Downloader) synchronise(id string, hash common.Hash, td *big.Int) error {
	// Mock out the synchonisation if testing
	if d.synchroniseMock != nil {
		return d.synchroniseMock(id, hash)
	}
	// Make sure only one goroutine is ever allowed past this point at once
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&d.synchronising, 0, 1) {
		return errBusy
	}
	defer atomic.StoreInt32(&d.synchronising, 0)

	// Post a user notification of the sync (only once per session)
	if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&d.notified, 0, 1) {
		glog.V(logger.Info).Infoln("Block synchronisation started")
	}
	// Abort if the queue still contains some leftover data
	if _, cached := d.queue.Size(); cached > 0 && d.queue.GetHeadBlock() != nil {
		return errPendingQueue
	}
	// Reset the queue and peer set to clean any internal leftover state
	d.queue.Reset()
	d.peers.Reset()

	// Create cancel channel for aborting mid-flight
	d.cancelLock.Lock()
	d.cancelCh = make(chan struct{})
	d.cancelLock.Unlock()

	// Retrieve the origin peer and initiate the downloading process
	p := d.peers.Peer(id)
	if p == nil {
		return errUnknownPeer
	}
	return d.syncWithPeer(p, hash, td)
}

// Has checks if the downloader knows about a particular hash, meaning that its
// either already downloaded of pending retrieval.
func (d *Downloader) Has(hash common.Hash) bool {
	return d.queue.Has(hash)
}

// syncWithPeer starts a block synchronization based on the hash chain from the
// specified peer and head hash.
func (d *Downloader) syncWithPeer(p *peer, hash common.Hash, td *big.Int) (err error) {
	d.mux.Post(StartEvent{})
	defer func() {
		// reset on error
		if err != nil {
			d.cancel()
			d.mux.Post(FailedEvent{err})
		} else {
			d.mux.Post(DoneEvent{})
		}
	}()

	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Synchronising with the network using: %s [eth/%d]", p.id, p.version)
	defer glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Synchronisation terminated")

	switch {
	case p.version == eth61:
		// Old eth/61, use forward, concurrent hash and block retrieval algorithm
		number, err := d.findAncestor61(p)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		errc := make(chan error, 2)
		go func() { errc <- d.fetchHashes61(p, td, number+1) }()
		go func() { errc <- d.fetchBlocks61(number + 1) }()

		// If any fetcher fails, cancel the other
		if err := <-errc; err != nil {
			d.cancel()
			<-errc
			return err
		}
		return <-errc

	case p.version >= eth62:
		// New eth/62, use forward, concurrent header and block body retrieval algorithm
		number, err := d.findAncestor(p)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		errc := make(chan error, 2)
		go func() { errc <- d.fetchHeaders(p, td, number+1) }()
		go func() { errc <- d.fetchBodies(number + 1) }()

		// If any fetcher fails, cancel the other
		if err := <-errc; err != nil {
			d.cancel()
			<-errc
			return err
		}
		return <-errc

	default:
		// Something very wrong, stop right here
		glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("Unsupported eth protocol: %d", p.version)
		return errBadPeer
	}
	return nil
}

// cancel cancels all of the operations and resets the queue. It returns true
// if the cancel operation was completed.
func (d *Downloader) cancel() {
	// Close the current cancel channel
	d.cancelLock.Lock()
	if d.cancelCh != nil {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			// Channel was already closed
		default:
			close(d.cancelCh)
		}
	}
	d.cancelLock.Unlock()

	// Reset the queue
	d.queue.Reset()
}

// Terminate interrupts the downloader, canceling all pending operations.
func (d *Downloader) Terminate() {
	atomic.StoreInt32(&d.interrupt, 1)
	d.cancel()
}

// findAncestor61 tries to locate the common ancestor block of the local chain and
// a remote peers blockchain. In the general case when our node was in sync and
// on the correct chain, checking the top N blocks should already get us a match.
// In the rare scenario when we ended up on a long reorganization (i.e. none of
// the head blocks match), we do a binary search to find the common ancestor.
func (d *Downloader) findAncestor61(p *peer) (uint64, error) {
	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: looking for common ancestor", p)

	// Request out head blocks to short circuit ancestor location
	head := d.headBlock().NumberU64()
	from := int64(head) - int64(MaxHashFetch) + 1
	if from < 0 {
		from = 0
	}
	go p.getAbsHashes(uint64(from), MaxHashFetch)

	// Wait for the remote response to the head fetch
	number, hash := uint64(0), common.Hash{}
	timeout := time.After(hashTTL)

	for finished := false; !finished; {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			return 0, errCancelHashFetch

		case hashPack := <-d.hashCh:
			// Discard anything not from the origin peer
			if hashPack.peerId != p.id {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Received hashes from incorrect peer(%s)", hashPack.peerId)
				break
			}
			// Make sure the peer actually gave something valid
			hashes := hashPack.hashes
			if len(hashes) == 0 {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: empty head hash set", p)
				return 0, errEmptyHashSet
			}
			// Check if a common ancestor was found
			finished = true
			for i := len(hashes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
				if d.hasBlock(hashes[i]) {
					number, hash = uint64(from)+uint64(i), hashes[i]
					break
				}
			}

		case <-d.blockCh:
			// Out of bounds blocks received, ignore them

		case <-d.headerCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/62 block headers received, ignore them

		case <-d.bodyCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/62 block bodies received, ignore them

		case <-timeout:
			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: head hash timeout", p)
			return 0, errTimeout
		}
	}
	// If the head fetch already found an ancestor, return
	if !common.EmptyHash(hash) {
		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: common ancestor: #%d [%x…]", p, number, hash[:4])
		return number, nil
	}
	// Ancestor not found, we need to binary search over our chain
	start, end := uint64(0), head
	for start+1 < end {
		// Split our chain interval in two, and request the hash to cross check
		check := (start + end) / 2

		timeout := time.After(hashTTL)
		go p.getAbsHashes(uint64(check), 1)

		// Wait until a reply arrives to this request
		for arrived := false; !arrived; {
			select {
			case <-d.cancelCh:
				return 0, errCancelHashFetch

			case hashPack := <-d.hashCh:
				// Discard anything not from the origin peer
				if hashPack.peerId != p.id {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Received hashes from incorrect peer(%s)", hashPack.peerId)
					break
				}
				// Make sure the peer actually gave something valid
				hashes := hashPack.hashes
				if len(hashes) != 1 {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: invalid search hash set (%d)", p, len(hashes))
					return 0, errBadPeer
				}
				arrived = true

				// Modify the search interval based on the response
				block := d.getBlock(hashes[0])
				if block == nil {
					end = check
					break
				}
				if block.NumberU64() != check {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: non requested hash #%d [%x…], instead of #%d", p, block.NumberU64(), block.Hash().Bytes()[:4], check)
					return 0, errBadPeer
				}
				start = check

			case <-d.blockCh:
				// Out of bounds blocks received, ignore them

			case <-d.headerCh:
				// Out of bounds eth/62 block headers received, ignore them

			case <-d.bodyCh:
				// Out of bounds eth/62 block bodies received, ignore them

			case <-timeout:
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: search hash timeout", p)
				return 0, errTimeout
			}
		}
	}
	return start, nil
}

// fetchHashes61 keeps retrieving hashes from the requested number, until no more
// are returned, potentially throttling on the way.
func (d *Downloader) fetchHashes61(p *peer, td *big.Int, from uint64) error {
	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: downloading hashes from #%d", p, from)

	// Create a timeout timer, and the associated hash fetcher
	request := time.Now()       // time of the last fetch request
	timeout := time.NewTimer(0) // timer to dump a non-responsive active peer
	<-timeout.C                 // timeout channel should be initially empty
	defer timeout.Stop()

	getHashes := func(from uint64) {
		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%v: fetching %d hashes from #%d", p, MaxHashFetch, from)

		go p.getAbsHashes(from, MaxHashFetch)
		request = time.Now()
		timeout.Reset(hashTTL)
	}
	// Start pulling hashes, until all are exhausted
	getHashes(from)
	gotHashes := false

	for {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			return errCancelHashFetch

		case <-d.headerCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/62 block headers received, ignore them

		case <-d.bodyCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/62 block bodies received, ignore them

		case hashPack := <-d.hashCh:
			// Make sure the active peer is giving us the hashes
			if hashPack.peerId != p.id {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Received hashes from incorrect peer(%s)", hashPack.peerId)
				break
			}
			hashReqTimer.UpdateSince(request)
			timeout.Stop()

			// If no more hashes are inbound, notify the block fetcher and return
			if len(hashPack.hashes) == 0 {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: no available hashes", p)

				select {
				case d.processCh <- false:
				case <-d.cancelCh:
				}
				// If no hashes were retrieved at all, the peer violated it's TD promise that it had a
				// better chain compared to ours. The only exception is if it's promised blocks were
				// already imported by other means (e.g. fecher):
				//
				// R <remote peer>, L <local node>: Both at block 10
				// R: Mine block 11, and propagate it to L
				// L: Queue block 11 for import
				// L: Notice that R's head and TD increased compared to ours, start sync
				// L: Import of block 11 finishes
				// L: Sync begins, and finds common ancestor at 11
				// L: Request new hashes up from 11 (R's TD was higher, it must have something)
				// R: Nothing to give
				if !gotHashes && td.Cmp(d.getTd(d.headBlock().Hash())) > 0 {
					return errStallingPeer
				}
				return nil
			}
			gotHashes = true

			// Otherwise insert all the new hashes, aborting in case of junk
			glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%v: inserting %d hashes from #%d", p, len(hashPack.hashes), from)

			inserts := d.queue.Insert61(hashPack.hashes, true)
			if len(inserts) != len(hashPack.hashes) {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: stale hashes", p)
				return errBadPeer
			}
			// Notify the block fetcher of new hashes, but stop if queue is full
			cont := d.queue.Pending() < maxQueuedHashes
			select {
			case d.processCh <- cont:
			default:
			}
			if !cont {
				return nil
			}
			// Queue not yet full, fetch the next batch
			from += uint64(len(hashPack.hashes))
			getHashes(from)

		case <-timeout.C:
			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: hash request timed out", p)
			hashTimeoutMeter.Mark(1)
			return errTimeout
		}
	}
}

// fetchBlocks61 iteratively downloads the scheduled hashes, taking any available
// peers, reserving a chunk of blocks for each, waiting for delivery and also
// periodically checking for timeouts.
func (d *Downloader) fetchBlocks61(from uint64) error {
	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Downloading blocks from #%d", from)
	defer glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Block download terminated")

	// Create a timeout timer for scheduling expiration tasks
	ticker := time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	update := make(chan struct{}, 1)

	// Prepare the queue and fetch blocks until the hash fetcher's done
	d.queue.Prepare(from)
	finished := false

	for {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			return errCancelBlockFetch

		case <-d.headerCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/62 block headers received, ignore them

		case <-d.bodyCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/62 block bodies received, ignore them

		case blockPack := <-d.blockCh:
			// If the peer was previously banned and failed to deliver it's pack
			// in a reasonable time frame, ignore it's message.
			if peer := d.peers.Peer(blockPack.peerId); peer != nil {
				// Deliver the received chunk of blocks, and demote in case of errors
				err := d.queue.Deliver61(blockPack.peerId, blockPack.blocks)
				switch err {
				case nil:
					// If no blocks were delivered, demote the peer (need the delivery above)
					if len(blockPack.blocks) == 0 {
						peer.Demote()
						peer.SetIdle61()
						glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: no blocks delivered", peer)
						break
					}
					// All was successful, promote the peer and potentially start processing
					peer.Promote()
					peer.SetIdle61()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: delivered %d blocks", peer, len(blockPack.blocks))
					go d.process()

				case errInvalidChain:
					// The hash chain is invalid (blocks are not ordered properly), abort
					return err

				case errNoFetchesPending:
					// Peer probably timed out with its delivery but came through
					// in the end, demote, but allow to to pull from this peer.
					peer.Demote()
					peer.SetIdle61()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: out of bound delivery", peer)

				case errStaleDelivery:
					// Delivered something completely else than requested, usually
					// caused by a timeout and delivery during a new sync cycle.
					// Don't set it to idle as the original request should still be
					// in flight.
					peer.Demote()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: stale delivery", peer)

				default:
					// Peer did something semi-useful, demote but keep it around
					peer.Demote()
					peer.SetIdle61()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: delivery partially failed: %v", peer, err)
					go d.process()
				}
			}
			// Blocks arrived, try to update the progress
			select {
			case update <- struct{}{}:
			default:
			}

		case cont := <-d.processCh:
			// The hash fetcher sent a continuation flag, check if it's done
			if !cont {
				finished = true
			}
			// Hashes arrive, try to update the progress
			select {
			case update <- struct{}{}:
			default:
			}

		case <-ticker.C:
			// Sanity check update the progress
			select {
			case update <- struct{}{}:
			default:
			}

		case <-update:
			// Short circuit if we lost all our peers
			if d.peers.Len() == 0 {
				return errNoPeers
			}
			// Check for block request timeouts and demote the responsible peers
			for _, pid := range d.queue.Expire(blockHardTTL) {
				if peer := d.peers.Peer(pid); peer != nil {
					peer.Demote()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: block delivery timeout", peer)
				}
			}
			// If there's noting more to fetch, wait or terminate
			if d.queue.Pending() == 0 {
				if d.queue.InFlight() == 0 && finished {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Block fetching completed")
					return nil
				}
				break
			}
			// Send a download request to all idle peers, until throttled
			throttled := false
			for _, peer := range d.peers.IdlePeers() {
				// Short circuit if throttling activated
				if d.queue.Throttle() {
					throttled = true
					break
				}
				// Reserve a chunk of hashes for a peer. A nil can mean either that
				// no more hashes are available, or that the peer is known not to
				// have them.
				request := d.queue.Reserve61(peer, peer.Capacity())
				if request == nil {
					continue
				}
				if glog.V(logger.Detail) {
					glog.Infof("%s: requesting %d blocks", peer, len(request.Hashes))
				}
				// Fetch the chunk and make sure any errors return the hashes to the queue
				if err := peer.Fetch61(request); err != nil {
					glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("%v: fetch failed, rescheduling", peer)
					d.queue.Cancel(request)
				}
			}
			// Make sure that we have peers available for fetching. If all peers have been tried
			// and all failed throw an error
			if !throttled && d.queue.InFlight() == 0 {
				return errPeersUnavailable
			}
		}
	}
}

// findAncestor tries to locate the common ancestor block of the local chain and
// a remote peers blockchain. In the general case when our node was in sync and
// on the correct chain, checking the top N blocks should already get us a match.
// In the rare scenario when we ended up on a long reorganization (i.e. none of
// the head blocks match), we do a binary search to find the common ancestor.
func (d *Downloader) findAncestor(p *peer) (uint64, error) {
	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: looking for common ancestor", p)

	// Request our head blocks to short circuit ancestor location
	head := d.headBlock().NumberU64()
	from := int64(head) - int64(MaxHeaderFetch) + 1
	if from < 0 {
		from = 0
	}
	go p.getAbsHeaders(uint64(from), MaxHeaderFetch, 0, false)

	// Wait for the remote response to the head fetch
	number, hash := uint64(0), common.Hash{}
	timeout := time.After(hashTTL)

	for finished := false; !finished; {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			return 0, errCancelHashFetch

		case headerPack := <-d.headerCh:
			// Discard anything not from the origin peer
			if headerPack.peerId != p.id {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Received headers from incorrect peer(%s)", headerPack.peerId)
				break
			}
			// Make sure the peer actually gave something valid
			headers := headerPack.headers
			if len(headers) == 0 {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: empty head header set", p)
				return 0, errEmptyHeaderSet
			}
			// Check if a common ancestor was found
			finished = true
			for i := len(headers) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
				if d.hasBlock(headers[i].Hash()) {
					number, hash = headers[i].Number.Uint64(), headers[i].Hash()
					break
				}
			}

		case <-d.bodyCh:
			// Out of bounds block bodies received, ignore them

		case <-d.hashCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/61 hashes received, ignore them

		case <-d.blockCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/61 blocks received, ignore them

		case <-timeout:
			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: head header timeout", p)
			return 0, errTimeout
		}
	}
	// If the head fetch already found an ancestor, return
	if !common.EmptyHash(hash) {
		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: common ancestor: #%d [%x…]", p, number, hash[:4])
		return number, nil
	}
	// Ancestor not found, we need to binary search over our chain
	start, end := uint64(0), head
	for start+1 < end {
		// Split our chain interval in two, and request the hash to cross check
		check := (start + end) / 2

		timeout := time.After(hashTTL)
		go p.getAbsHeaders(uint64(check), 1, 0, false)

		// Wait until a reply arrives to this request
		for arrived := false; !arrived; {
			select {
			case <-d.cancelCh:
				return 0, errCancelHashFetch

			case headerPack := <-d.headerCh:
				// Discard anything not from the origin peer
				if headerPack.peerId != p.id {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Received headers from incorrect peer(%s)", headerPack.peerId)
					break
				}
				// Make sure the peer actually gave something valid
				headers := headerPack.headers
				if len(headers) != 1 {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: invalid search header set (%d)", p, len(headers))
					return 0, errBadPeer
				}
				arrived = true

				// Modify the search interval based on the response
				block := d.getBlock(headers[0].Hash())
				if block == nil {
					end = check
					break
				}
				if block.NumberU64() != check {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: non requested header #%d [%x…], instead of #%d", p, block.NumberU64(), block.Hash().Bytes()[:4], check)
					return 0, errBadPeer
				}
				start = check

			case <-d.bodyCh:
				// Out of bounds block bodies received, ignore them

			case <-d.hashCh:
				// Out of bounds eth/61 hashes received, ignore them

			case <-d.blockCh:
				// Out of bounds eth/61 blocks received, ignore them

			case <-timeout:
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: search header timeout", p)
				return 0, errTimeout
			}
		}
	}
	return start, nil
}

// fetchHeaders keeps retrieving headers from the requested number, until no more
// are returned, potentially throttling on the way.
func (d *Downloader) fetchHeaders(p *peer, td *big.Int, from uint64) error {
	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: downloading headers from #%d", p, from)
	defer glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: header download terminated", p)

	// Create a timeout timer, and the associated hash fetcher
	request := time.Now()       // time of the last fetch request
	timeout := time.NewTimer(0) // timer to dump a non-responsive active peer
	<-timeout.C                 // timeout channel should be initially empty
	defer timeout.Stop()

	getHeaders := func(from uint64) {
		glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%v: fetching %d headers from #%d", p, MaxHeaderFetch, from)

		go p.getAbsHeaders(from, MaxHeaderFetch, 0, false)
		request = time.Now()
		timeout.Reset(headerTTL)
	}
	// Start pulling headers, until all are exhausted
	getHeaders(from)
	gotHeaders := false

	for {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			return errCancelHeaderFetch

		case <-d.hashCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/61 hashes received, ignore them

		case <-d.blockCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/61 blocks received, ignore them

		case headerPack := <-d.headerCh:
			// Make sure the active peer is giving us the headers
			if headerPack.peerId != p.id {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Received headers from incorrect peer (%s)", headerPack.peerId)
				break
			}
			headerReqTimer.UpdateSince(request)
			timeout.Stop()

			// If no more headers are inbound, notify the body fetcher and return
			if len(headerPack.headers) == 0 {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: no available headers", p)

				select {
				case d.processCh <- false:
				case <-d.cancelCh:
				}
				// If no headers were retrieved at all, the peer violated it's TD promise that it had a
				// better chain compared to ours. The only exception is if it's promised blocks were
				// already imported by other means (e.g. fecher):
				//
				// R <remote peer>, L <local node>: Both at block 10
				// R: Mine block 11, and propagate it to L
				// L: Queue block 11 for import
				// L: Notice that R's head and TD increased compared to ours, start sync
				// L: Import of block 11 finishes
				// L: Sync begins, and finds common ancestor at 11
				// L: Request new headers up from 11 (R's TD was higher, it must have something)
				// R: Nothing to give
				if !gotHeaders && td.Cmp(d.getTd(d.headBlock().Hash())) > 0 {
					return errStallingPeer
				}
				return nil
			}
			gotHeaders = true

			// Otherwise insert all the new headers, aborting in case of junk
			glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%v: inserting %d headers from #%d", p, len(headerPack.headers), from)

			inserts := d.queue.Insert(headerPack.headers)
			if len(inserts) != len(headerPack.headers) {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: stale headers", p)
				return errBadPeer
			}
			// Notify the block fetcher of new headers, but stop if queue is full
			cont := d.queue.Pending() < maxQueuedHeaders
			select {
			case d.processCh <- cont:
			default:
			}
			if !cont {
				return nil
			}
			// Queue not yet full, fetch the next batch
			from += uint64(len(headerPack.headers))
			getHeaders(from)

		case <-timeout.C:
			// Header retrieval timed out, consider the peer bad and drop
			glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("%v: header request timed out", p)
			headerTimeoutMeter.Mark(1)
			d.dropPeer(p.id)

			// Finish the sync gracefully instead of dumping the gathered data though
			select {
			case d.processCh <- false:
			default:
			}
			return nil
		}
	}
}

// fetchBodies iteratively downloads the scheduled block bodies, taking any
// available peers, reserving a chunk of blocks for each, waiting for delivery
// and also periodically checking for timeouts.
func (d *Downloader) fetchBodies(from uint64) error {
	glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Downloading block bodies from #%d", from)
	defer glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Block body download terminated")

	// Create a timeout timer for scheduling expiration tasks
	ticker := time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	update := make(chan struct{}, 1)

	// Prepare the queue and fetch block bodies until the block header fetcher's done
	d.queue.Prepare(from)
	finished := false

	for {
		select {
		case <-d.cancelCh:
			return errCancelBlockFetch

		case <-d.hashCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/61 hashes received, ignore them

		case <-d.blockCh:
			// Out of bounds eth/61 blocks received, ignore them

		case bodyPack := <-d.bodyCh:
			// If the peer was previously banned and failed to deliver it's pack
			// in a reasonable time frame, ignore it's message.
			if peer := d.peers.Peer(bodyPack.peerId); peer != nil {
				// Deliver the received chunk of bodies, and demote in case of errors
				err := d.queue.Deliver(bodyPack.peerId, bodyPack.transactions, bodyPack.uncles)
				switch err {
				case nil:
					// If no blocks were delivered, demote the peer (need the delivery above)
					if len(bodyPack.transactions) == 0 || len(bodyPack.uncles) == 0 {
						peer.Demote()
						peer.SetIdle()
						glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: no block bodies delivered", peer)
						break
					}
					// All was successful, promote the peer and potentially start processing
					peer.Promote()
					peer.SetIdle()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: delivered %d:%d block bodies", peer, len(bodyPack.transactions), len(bodyPack.uncles))
					go d.process()

				case errInvalidChain:
					// The hash chain is invalid (blocks are not ordered properly), abort
					return err

				case errInvalidBody:
					// The peer delivered something very bad, drop immediately
					glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("%s: delivered invalid block, dropping", peer)
					d.dropPeer(peer.id)

				case errNoFetchesPending:
					// Peer probably timed out with its delivery but came through
					// in the end, demote, but allow to to pull from this peer.
					peer.Demote()
					peer.SetIdle()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: out of bound delivery", peer)

				case errStaleDelivery:
					// Delivered something completely else than requested, usually
					// caused by a timeout and delivery during a new sync cycle.
					// Don't set it to idle as the original request should still be
					// in flight.
					peer.Demote()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: stale delivery", peer)

				default:
					// Peer did something semi-useful, demote but keep it around
					peer.Demote()
					peer.SetIdle()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: delivery partially failed: %v", peer, err)
					go d.process()
				}
			}
			// Blocks assembled, try to update the progress
			select {
			case update <- struct{}{}:
			default:
			}

		case cont := <-d.processCh:
			// The header fetcher sent a continuation flag, check if it's done
			if !cont {
				finished = true
			}
			// Headers arrive, try to update the progress
			select {
			case update <- struct{}{}:
			default:
			}

		case <-ticker.C:
			// Sanity check update the progress
			select {
			case update <- struct{}{}:
			default:
			}

		case <-update:
			// Short circuit if we lost all our peers
			if d.peers.Len() == 0 {
				return errNoPeers
			}
			// Check for block body request timeouts and demote the responsible peers
			for _, pid := range d.queue.Expire(bodyHardTTL) {
				if peer := d.peers.Peer(pid); peer != nil {
					peer.Demote()
					glog.V(logger.Detail).Infof("%s: block body delivery timeout", peer)
				}
			}
			// If there's noting more to fetch, wait or terminate
			if d.queue.Pending() == 0 {
				if d.queue.InFlight() == 0 && finished {
					glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Block body fetching completed")
					return nil
				}
				break
			}
			// Send a download request to all idle peers, until throttled
			queuedEmptyBlocks, throttled := false, false
			for _, peer := range d.peers.IdlePeers() {
				// Short circuit if throttling activated
				if d.queue.Throttle() {
					throttled = true
					break
				}
				// Reserve a chunk of hashes for a peer. A nil can mean either that
				// no more hashes are available, or that the peer is known not to
				// have them.
				request, process, err := d.queue.Reserve(peer, peer.Capacity())
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				if process {
					queuedEmptyBlocks = true
					go d.process()
				}
				if request == nil {
					continue
				}
				if glog.V(logger.Detail) {
					glog.Infof("%s: requesting %d block bodies", peer, len(request.Headers))
				}
				// Fetch the chunk and make sure any errors return the hashes to the queue
				if d.bodyFetchHook != nil {
					d.bodyFetchHook(request.Headers)
				}
				if err := peer.Fetch(request); err != nil {
					glog.V(logger.Error).Infof("%v: fetch failed, rescheduling", peer)
					d.queue.Cancel(request)
				}
			}
			// Make sure that we have peers available for fetching. If all peers have been tried
			// and all failed throw an error
			if !queuedEmptyBlocks && !throttled && d.queue.InFlight() == 0 {
				return errPeersUnavailable
			}
		}
	}
}

// process takes blocks from the queue and tries to import them into the chain.
//
// The algorithmic flow is as follows:
//  - The `processing` flag is swapped to 1 to ensure singleton access
//  - The current `cancel` channel is retrieved to detect sync abortions
//  - Blocks are iteratively taken from the cache and inserted into the chain
//  - When the cache becomes empty, insertion stops
//  - The `processing` flag is swapped back to 0
//  - A post-exit check is made whether new blocks became available
//     - This step is important: it handles a potential race condition between
//       checking for no more work, and releasing the processing "mutex". In
//       between these state changes, a block may have arrived, but a processing
//       attempt denied, so we need to re-enter to ensure the block isn't left
//       to idle in the cache.
func (d *Downloader) process() {
	// Make sure only one goroutine is ever allowed to process blocks at once
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&d.processing, 0, 1) {
		return
	}
	// If the processor just exited, but there are freshly pending items, try to
	// reenter. This is needed because the goroutine spinned up for processing
	// the fresh blocks might have been rejected entry to to this present thread
	// not yet releasing the `processing` state.
	defer func() {
		if atomic.LoadInt32(&d.interrupt) == 0 && d.queue.GetHeadBlock() != nil {
			d.process()
		}
	}()
	// Release the lock upon exit (note, before checking for reentry!), and set
	// the import statistics to zero.
	defer func() {
		d.importLock.Lock()
		d.importQueue = nil
		d.importDone = 0
		d.importLock.Unlock()

		atomic.StoreInt32(&d.processing, 0)
	}()
	// Repeat the processing as long as there are blocks to import
	for {
		// Fetch the next batch of blocks
		blocks := d.queue.TakeBlocks()
		if len(blocks) == 0 {
			return
		}
		if d.chainInsertHook != nil {
			d.chainInsertHook(blocks)
		}
		// Reset the import statistics
		d.importLock.Lock()
		d.importStart = time.Now()
		d.importQueue = blocks
		d.importDone = 0
		d.importLock.Unlock()

		// Actually import the blocks
		glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Inserting chain with %d blocks (#%v - #%v)\n", len(blocks), blocks[0].RawBlock.Number(), blocks[len(blocks)-1].RawBlock.Number())
		for len(blocks) != 0 {
			// Check for any termination requests
			if atomic.LoadInt32(&d.interrupt) == 1 {
				return
			}
			// Retrieve the first batch of blocks to insert
			max := int(math.Min(float64(len(blocks)), float64(maxBlockProcess)))
			raw := make(types.Blocks, 0, max)
			for _, block := range blocks[:max] {
				raw = append(raw, block.RawBlock)
			}
			// Try to inset the blocks, drop the originating peer if there's an error
			index, err := d.insertChain(raw)
			if err != nil {
				glog.V(logger.Debug).Infof("Block #%d import failed: %v", raw[index].NumberU64(), err)
				d.dropPeer(blocks[index].OriginPeer)
				d.cancel()
				return
			}
			blocks = blocks[max:]
		}
	}
}

// DeliverHashes61 injects a new batch of hashes received from a remote node into
// the download schedule. This is usually invoked through the BlockHashesMsg by
// the protocol handler.
func (d *Downloader) DeliverHashes61(id string, hashes []common.Hash) (err error) {
	// Update the delivery metrics for both good and failed deliveries
	hashInMeter.Mark(int64(len(hashes)))
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			hashDropMeter.Mark(int64(len(hashes)))
		}
	}()
	// Make sure the downloader is active
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&d.synchronising) == 0 {
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
	// Deliver or abort if the sync is canceled while queuing
	d.cancelLock.RLock()
	cancel := d.cancelCh
	d.cancelLock.RUnlock()

	select {
	case d.hashCh <- hashPack{id, hashes}:
		return nil

	case <-cancel:
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
}

// DeliverBlocks61 injects a new batch of blocks received from a remote node.
// This is usually invoked through the BlocksMsg by the protocol handler.
func (d *Downloader) DeliverBlocks61(id string, blocks []*types.Block) (err error) {
	// Update the delivery metrics for both good and failed deliveries
	blockInMeter.Mark(int64(len(blocks)))
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			blockDropMeter.Mark(int64(len(blocks)))
		}
	}()
	// Make sure the downloader is active
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&d.synchronising) == 0 {
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
	// Deliver or abort if the sync is canceled while queuing
	d.cancelLock.RLock()
	cancel := d.cancelCh
	d.cancelLock.RUnlock()

	select {
	case d.blockCh <- blockPack{id, blocks}:
		return nil

	case <-cancel:
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
}

// DeliverHeaders injects a new batch of blck headers received from a remote
// node into the download schedule.
func (d *Downloader) DeliverHeaders(id string, headers []*types.Header) (err error) {
	// Update the delivery metrics for both good and failed deliveries
	headerInMeter.Mark(int64(len(headers)))
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			headerDropMeter.Mark(int64(len(headers)))
		}
	}()
	// Make sure the downloader is active
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&d.synchronising) == 0 {
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
	// Deliver or abort if the sync is canceled while queuing
	d.cancelLock.RLock()
	cancel := d.cancelCh
	d.cancelLock.RUnlock()

	select {
	case d.headerCh <- headerPack{id, headers}:
		return nil

	case <-cancel:
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
}

// DeliverBodies injects a new batch of block bodies received from a remote node.
func (d *Downloader) DeliverBodies(id string, transactions [][]*types.Transaction, uncles [][]*types.Header) (err error) {
	// Update the delivery metrics for both good and failed deliveries
	bodyInMeter.Mark(int64(len(transactions)))
	defer func() {
		if err != nil {
			bodyDropMeter.Mark(int64(len(transactions)))
		}
	}()
	// Make sure the downloader is active
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&d.synchronising) == 0 {
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
	// Deliver or abort if the sync is canceled while queuing
	d.cancelLock.RLock()
	cancel := d.cancelCh
	d.cancelLock.RUnlock()

	select {
	case d.bodyCh <- bodyPack{id, transactions, uncles}:
		return nil

	case <-cancel:
		return errNoSyncActive
	}
}