eth: support bubbling up bad blocks from sync to the engine API (#25190)

* eth: support bubbling up bad blocks from sync to the engine API

* eth/catalyst: fix typo

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

* eth/catalyst: fix typo

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

* Update eth/catalyst/api.go

* eth/catalyst: when forgetting bad hashes, also forget descendants

* eth/catalyst: minor bad block tweaks for resilience

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

core/beacon/types.go

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type payloadAttributesMarshaling struct {
 
 //go:generate go run github.com/fjl/gencodec -type ExecutableDataV1 -field-override executableDataMarshaling -out gen_ed.go
 
-// ExecutableDataV1 structure described at https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/src/engine/specification.md
+// ExecutableDataV1 structure described at https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/tree/main/src/engine/specification.md
 type ExecutableDataV1 struct {
 	ParentHash    common.Hash    `json:"parentHash"    gencodec:"required"`
 	FeeRecipient  common.Address `json:"feeRecipient"  gencodec:"required"`