cmd, params: implement Gray Glacier hard-fork (EIP-5133) (#25088)

* cmd/geth, params: implement Gray Glacier (EIP-5133)

* cmd/evm: add gray glacier tests

* params: nitpicks

* params: fixes

consensus/ethash/consensus.go

@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ var (
 	maxUncles                     = 2                 // Maximum number of uncles allowed in a single block
 	allowedFutureBlockTimeSeconds = int64(15)         // Max seconds from current time allowed for blocks, before they're considered future blocks
 
+	// calcDifficultyEip5133 is the difficulty adjustment algorithm as specified by EIP 5133.
+	// It offsets the bomb a total of 11.4M blocks.
+	// Specification EIP-5133: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5133
+	calcDifficultyEip5133 = makeDifficultyCalculator(big.NewInt(11_400_000))
+
 	// calcDifficultyEip4345 is the difficulty adjustment algorithm as specified by EIP 4345.
 	// It offsets the bomb a total of 10.7M blocks.
 	// Specification EIP-4345: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4345
@@ -334,6 +339,8 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainHeaderReader, time uin
 func CalcDifficulty(config *params.ChainConfig, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
 	next := new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number, big1)
 	switch {
+	case config.IsGrayGlacier(next):
+		return calcDifficultyEip5133(time, parent)
 	case config.IsArrowGlacier(next):
 		return calcDifficultyEip4345(time, parent)
 	case config.IsLondon(next):