core, params, beacon/engine: implement EIP 4788 BeaconRoot (#27849)

This change implements "EIP 4788 : Beacon block root in the EVM". It implements version-2 of EPI-4788, main difference being that the contract is an actual contract rather than a precompile, as in #27289.

core/state_processor.go

@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 		vmenv   = vm.NewEVM(context, vm.TxContext{}, statedb, p.config, cfg)
 		signer  = types.MakeSigner(p.config, header.Number, header.Time)
 	)
+	if beaconRoot := block.BeaconRoot(); beaconRoot != nil {
+		ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(*beaconRoot, vmenv, statedb)
+	}
 	// Iterate over and process the individual transactions
 	for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
 		msg, err := TransactionToMessage(tx, signer, header.BaseFee)
@@ -160,3 +163,23 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *commo
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockContext, vm.TxContext{BlobHashes: tx.BlobHashes()}, statedb, config, cfg)
 	return applyTransaction(msg, config, gp, statedb, header.Number, header.Hash(), tx, usedGas, vmenv)
 }
+
+// ProcessBeaconBlockRoot applies the EIP-4788 system call to the beacon block root
+// contract. This method is exported to be used in tests.
+func ProcessBeaconBlockRoot(beaconRoot common.Hash, vmenv *vm.EVM, statedb *state.StateDB) {
+	// If EIP-4788 is enabled, we need to invoke the beaconroot storage contract with
+	// the new root
+	msg := &Message{
+		From:      params.SystemAddress,
+		GasLimit:  30_000_000,
+		GasPrice:  common.Big0,
+		GasFeeCap: common.Big0,
+		GasTipCap: common.Big0,
+		To:        &params.BeaconRootsStorageAddress,
+		Data:      beaconRoot[:],
+	}
+	vmenv.Reset(NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb)
+	statedb.AddAddressToAccessList(params.BeaconRootsStorageAddress)
+	_, _, _ = vmenv.Call(vm.AccountRef(msg.From), *msg.To, msg.Data, 30_000_000, common.Big0)
+	statedb.Finalise(true)
+}