build: upgrade to go 1.19 (#25726)

This changes the CI / release builds to use the latest Go version. It also
upgrades golangci-lint to a newer version compatible with Go 1.19.

In Go 1.19, godoc has gained official support for links and lists. The
syntax for code blocks in doc comments has changed and now requires a
leading tab character. gofmt adapts comments to the new syntax
automatically, so there are a lot of comment re-formatting changes in this
PR. We need to apply the new format in order to pass the CI lint stage with
Go 1.19.

With the linter upgrade, I have decided to disable 'gosec' - it produces
too many false-positive warnings. The 'deadcode' and 'varcheck' linters
have also been removed because golangci-lint warns about them being
unmaintained. 'unused' provides similar coverage and we already have it
enabled, so we don't lose much with this change.

eth/catalyst/api.go

@@ -142,15 +142,19 @@ func NewConsensusAPI(eth *eth.Ethereum) *ConsensusAPI {
 }
 
 // ForkchoiceUpdatedV1 has several responsibilities:
-// If the method is called with an empty head block:
-// 		we return success, which can be used to check if the engine API is enabled
-// If the total difficulty was not reached:
-// 		we return INVALID
-// If the finalizedBlockHash is set:
-// 		we check if we have the finalizedBlockHash in our db, if not we start a sync
-// We try to set our blockchain to the headBlock
-// If there are payloadAttributes:
-// 		we try to assemble a block with the payloadAttributes and return its payloadID
+//
+// We try to set our blockchain to the headBlock.
+//
+// If the method is called with an empty head block: we return success, which can be used
+// to check if the engine API is enabled.
+//
+// If the total difficulty was not reached: we return INVALID.
+//
+// If the finalizedBlockHash is set: we check if we have the finalizedBlockHash in our db,
+// if not we start a sync.
+//
+// If there are payloadAttributes: we try to assemble a block with the payloadAttributes
+// and return its payloadID.
 func (api *ConsensusAPI) ForkchoiceUpdatedV1(update beacon.ForkchoiceStateV1, payloadAttributes *beacon.PayloadAttributesV1) (beacon.ForkChoiceResponse, error) {
 	api.forkchoiceLock.Lock()
 	defer api.forkchoiceLock.Unlock()

eth/catalyst/api_test.go

@@ -519,18 +519,18 @@ func TestExchangeTransitionConfig(t *testing.T) {
 TestNewPayloadOnInvalidChain sets up a valid chain and tries to feed blocks
 from an invalid chain to test if latestValidHash (LVH) works correctly.
 
-We set up the following chain where P1 ... Pn and P1'' are valid while
+We set up the following chain where P1 ... Pn and P1” are valid while
 P1' is invalid.
 We expect
 (1) The LVH to point to the current inserted payload if it was valid.
 (2) The LVH to point to the valid parent on an invalid payload (if the parent is available).
 (3) If the parent is unavailable, the LVH should not be set.
 
-CommonAncestor◄─▲── P1 ◄── P2  ◄─ P3  ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn
-				│
-				└── P1' ◄─ P2' ◄─ P3' ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn'
-				│
-				└── P1''
+	CommonAncestor◄─▲── P1 ◄── P2  ◄─ P3  ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn
+	                │
+	                └── P1' ◄─ P2' ◄─ P3' ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn'
+	                │
+	                └── P1''
 */
 func TestNewPayloadOnInvalidChain(t *testing.T) {
 	genesis, preMergeBlocks := generatePreMergeChain(10)