build: upgrade to go 1.19 (#25726)

This changes the CI / release builds to use the latest Go version. It also
upgrades golangci-lint to a newer version compatible with Go 1.19.

In Go 1.19, godoc has gained official support for links and lists. The
syntax for code blocks in doc comments has changed and now requires a
leading tab character. gofmt adapts comments to the new syntax
automatically, so there are a lot of comment re-formatting changes in this
PR. We need to apply the new format in order to pass the CI lint stage with
Go 1.19.

With the linter upgrade, I have decided to disable 'gosec' - it produces
too many false-positive warnings. The 'deadcode' and 'varcheck' linters
have also been removed because golangci-lint warns about them being
unmaintained. 'unused' provides similar coverage and we already have it
enabled, so we don't lose much with this change.

core/vm/contracts.go

@@ -263,10 +263,10 @@ var (
 
 // modexpMultComplexity implements bigModexp multComplexity formula, as defined in EIP-198
 //
-// def mult_complexity(x):
-//    if x <= 64: return x ** 2
-//    elif x <= 1024: return x ** 2 // 4 + 96 * x - 3072
-//    else: return x ** 2 // 16 + 480 * x - 199680
+//	def mult_complexity(x):
+//		if x <= 64: return x ** 2
+//		elif x <= 1024: return x ** 2 // 4 + 96 * x - 3072
+//		else: return x ** 2 // 16 + 480 * x - 199680
 //
 // where is x is max(length_of_MODULUS, length_of_BASE)
 func modexpMultComplexity(x *big.Int) *big.Int {

core/vm/gas_table.go

@@ -117,20 +117,21 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 			return params.SstoreResetGas, nil
 		}
 	}
+
 	// The new gas metering is based on net gas costs (EIP-1283):
 	//
-	// 1. If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), 200 gas is deducted.
-	// 2. If current value does not equal new value
-	//   2.1. If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context)
-	//     2.1.1. If original value is 0, 20000 gas is deducted.
-	// 	   2.1.2. Otherwise, 5000 gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add 15000 gas to refund counter.
-	// 	2.2. If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), 200 gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses.
-	// 	  2.2.1. If original value is not 0
-	//       2.2.1.1. If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), remove 15000 gas from refund counter. We can prove that refund counter will never go below 0.
-	//       2.2.1.2. If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add 15000 gas to refund counter.
-	// 	  2.2.2. If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset)
-	//       2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add 19800 gas to refund counter.
-	// 	     2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add 4800 gas to refund counter.
+	// (1.) If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), 200 gas is deducted.
+	// (2.) If current value does not equal new value
+	//	(2.1.) If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context)
+	//		(2.1.1.) If original value is 0, 20000 gas is deducted.
+	//		(2.1.2.) Otherwise, 5000 gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add 15000 gas to refund counter.
+	//	(2.2.) If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), 200 gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses.
+	//		(2.2.1.) If original value is not 0
+	//			(2.2.1.1.) If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), remove 15000 gas from refund counter. We can prove that refund counter will never go below 0.
+	//			(2.2.1.2.) If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add 15000 gas to refund counter.
+	//		(2.2.2.) If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset)
+	//			(2.2.2.1.) If original value is 0, add 19800 gas to refund counter.
+	//			(2.2.2.2.) Otherwise, add 4800 gas to refund counter.
 	value := common.Hash(y.Bytes32())
 	if current == value { // noop (1)
 		return params.NetSstoreNoopGas, nil
@@ -162,19 +163,21 @@ func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySi
 	return params.NetSstoreDirtyGas, nil
 }
 
-// 0. If *gasleft* is less than or equal to 2300, fail the current call.
-// 1. If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), SLOAD_GAS is deducted.
-// 2. If current value does not equal new value:
-//   2.1. If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context):
-//     2.1.1. If original value is 0, SSTORE_SET_GAS (20K) gas is deducted.
-//     2.1.2. Otherwise, SSTORE_RESET_GAS gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE to refund counter.
-//   2.2. If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), SLOAD_GAS gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses:
-//     2.2.1. If original value is not 0:
-//       2.2.1.1. If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), subtract SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas from refund counter.
-//       2.2.1.2. If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas to refund counter.
-//     2.2.2. If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset):
-//       2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add SSTORE_SET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS to refund counter.
-//       2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add SSTORE_RESET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS gas to refund counter.
+// Here come the EIP220 rules:
+//
+//	(0.) If *gasleft* is less than or equal to 2300, fail the current call.
+//	(1.) If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), SLOAD_GAS is deducted.
+//	(2.) If current value does not equal new value:
+//		(2.1.) If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context):
+//			(2.1.1.) If original value is 0, SSTORE_SET_GAS (20K) gas is deducted.
+//			(2.1.2.) Otherwise, SSTORE_RESET_GAS gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE to refund counter.
+//		(2.2.) If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), SLOAD_GAS gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses:
+//			(2.2.1.) If original value is not 0:
+//				(2.2.1.1.) If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), subtract SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas from refund counter.
+//				(2.2.1.2.) If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas to refund counter.
+//			(2.2.2.) If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset):
+//				(2.2.2.1.) If original value is 0, add SSTORE_SET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS to refund counter.
+//				(2.2.2.2.) Otherwise, add SSTORE_RESET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS gas to refund counter.
 func gasSStoreEIP2200(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
 	// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
 	if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -392,29 +392,29 @@ func opExtCodeCopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext)
 // opExtCodeHash returns the code hash of a specified account.
 // There are several cases when the function is called, while we can relay everything
 // to `state.GetCodeHash` function to ensure the correctness.
-//   (1) Caller tries to get the code hash of a normal contract account, state
-// should return the relative code hash and set it as the result.
 //
-//   (2) Caller tries to get the code hash of a non-existent account, state should
-// return common.Hash{} and zero will be set as the result.
+//  1. Caller tries to get the code hash of a normal contract account, state
+//     should return the relative code hash and set it as the result.
 //
-//   (3) Caller tries to get the code hash for an account without contract code,
-// state should return emptyCodeHash(0xc5d246...) as the result.
+//  2. Caller tries to get the code hash of a non-existent account, state should
+//     return common.Hash{} and zero will be set as the result.
 //
-//   (4) Caller tries to get the code hash of a precompiled account, the result
-// should be zero or emptyCodeHash.
+//  3. Caller tries to get the code hash for an account without contract code, state
+//     should return emptyCodeHash(0xc5d246...) as the result.
 //
-// It is worth noting that in order to avoid unnecessary create and clean,
-// all precompile accounts on mainnet have been transferred 1 wei, so the return
-// here should be emptyCodeHash.
-// If the precompile account is not transferred any amount on a private or
+//  4. Caller tries to get the code hash of a precompiled account, the result should be
+//     zero or emptyCodeHash.
+//
+// It is worth noting that in order to avoid unnecessary create and clean, all precompile
+// accounts on mainnet have been transferred 1 wei, so the return here should be
+// emptyCodeHash. If the precompile account is not transferred any amount on a private or
 // customized chain, the return value will be zero.
 //
-//   (5) Caller tries to get the code hash for an account which is marked as suicided
-// in the current transaction, the code hash of this account should be returned.
+//  5. Caller tries to get the code hash for an account which is marked as suicided
+//     in the current transaction, the code hash of this account should be returned.
 //
-//   (6) Caller tries to get the code hash for an account which is marked as deleted,
-// this account should be regarded as a non-existent account and zero should be returned.
+//  6. Caller tries to get the code hash for an account which is marked as deleted, this
+//     account should be regarded as a non-existent account and zero should be returned.
 func opExtCodeHash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	slot := scope.Stack.peek()
 	address := common.Address(slot.Bytes20())