all: implement EIP-1153 transient storage (#26003)

Implements TSTORE and TLOAD as specified by the following EIP:

https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1153
https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eip-1153-transient-storage-opcodes/553


Co-authored-by: Sara Reynolds <snreynolds2506@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>

cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool/execution.go

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ func (pre *Prestate) Apply(vmConfig vm.Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig,
 		}
 		vmConfig.Tracer = tracer
 		vmConfig.Debug = (tracer != nil)
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), txIndex)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), txIndex)
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		snapshot := statedb.Snapshot()
 		evm := vm.NewEVM(vmContext, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vmConfig)

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -4093,3 +4093,97 @@ func testCreateThenDelete(t *testing.T, config *params.ChainConfig) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestTransientStorageReset ensures the transient storage is wiped correctly
+// between transactions.
+func TestTransientStorageReset(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		engine      = ethash.NewFaker()
+		key, _      = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
+		address     = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		destAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(address, 0)
+		funds       = big.NewInt(1000000000000000)
+		vmConfig    = vm.Config{
+			ExtraEips: []int{1153}, // Enable transient storage EIP
+		}
+	)
+	code := append([]byte{
+		// TLoad value with location 1
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x1,
+		byte(vm.TLOAD),
+
+		// PUSH location
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x1,
+
+		// SStore location:value
+		byte(vm.SSTORE),
+	}, make([]byte, 32-6)...)
+	initCode := []byte{
+		// TSTORE 1:1
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x1,
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x1,
+		byte(vm.TSTORE),
+
+		// Get the runtime-code on the stack
+		byte(vm.PUSH32)}
+	initCode = append(initCode, code...)
+	initCode = append(initCode, []byte{
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x0, // offset
+		byte(vm.MSTORE),
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x6, // size
+		byte(vm.PUSH1), 0x0, // offset
+		byte(vm.RETURN), // return 6 bytes of zero-code
+	}...)
+	gspec := &Genesis{
+		Config: params.TestChainConfig,
+		Alloc: GenesisAlloc{
+			address: {Balance: funds},
+		},
+	}
+	nonce := uint64(0)
+	signer := types.HomesteadSigner{}
+	_, blocks, _ := GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, engine, 1, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {
+		fee := big.NewInt(1)
+		if b.header.BaseFee != nil {
+			fee = b.header.BaseFee
+		}
+		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{1})
+		tx, _ := types.SignNewTx(key, signer, &types.LegacyTx{
+			Nonce:    nonce,
+			GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(fee),
+			Gas:      100000,
+			Data:     initCode,
+		})
+		nonce++
+		b.AddTxWithVMConfig(tx, vmConfig)
+
+		tx, _ = types.SignNewTx(key, signer, &types.LegacyTx{
+			Nonce:    nonce,
+			GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(fee),
+			Gas:      100000,
+			To:       &destAddress,
+		})
+		b.AddTxWithVMConfig(tx, vmConfig)
+		nonce++
+	})
+
+	// Initialize the blockchain with 1153 enabled.
+	chain, err := NewBlockChain(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), nil, gspec, nil, engine, vmConfig, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create tester chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Import the blocks
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to insert into chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Check the storage
+	state, err := chain.StateAt(chain.CurrentHeader().Root)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to load state %v", err)
+	}
+	loc := common.BytesToHash([]byte{1})
+	slot := state.GetState(destAddress, loc)
+	if slot != (common.Hash{}) {
+		t.Fatalf("Unexpected dirty storage slot")
+	}
+}

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -79,6 +79,26 @@ func (b *BlockGen) SetDifficulty(diff *big.Int) {
 	b.header.Difficulty = diff
 }
 
+// addTx adds a transaction to the generated block. If no coinbase has
+// been set, the block's coinbase is set to the zero address.
+//
+// There are a few options can be passed as well in order to run some
+// customized rules.
+// - bc:       enables the ability to query historical block hashes for BLOCKHASH
+// - vmConfig: extends the flexibility for customizing evm rules, e.g. enable extra EIPs
+func (b *BlockGen) addTx(bc *BlockChain, vmConfig vm.Config, tx *types.Transaction) {
+	if b.gasPool == nil {
+		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{})
+	}
+	b.statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), len(b.txs))
+	receipt, err := ApplyTransaction(b.config, bc, &b.header.Coinbase, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx, &b.header.GasUsed, vmConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	b.txs = append(b.txs, tx)
+	b.receipts = append(b.receipts, receipt)
+}
+
 // AddTx adds a transaction to the generated block. If no coinbase has
 // been set, the block's coinbase is set to the zero address.
 //
@@ -88,7 +108,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) SetDifficulty(diff *big.Int) {
 // added. Notably, contract code relying on the BLOCKHASH instruction
 // will panic during execution.
 func (b *BlockGen) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) {
-	b.AddTxWithChain(nil, tx)
+	b.addTx(nil, vm.Config{}, tx)
 }
 
 // AddTxWithChain adds a transaction to the generated block. If no coinbase has
@@ -100,16 +120,14 @@ func (b *BlockGen) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) {
 // added. If contract code relies on the BLOCKHASH instruction,
 // the block in chain will be returned.
 func (b *BlockGen) AddTxWithChain(bc *BlockChain, tx *types.Transaction) {
-	if b.gasPool == nil {
-		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{})
-	}
-	b.statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), len(b.txs))
-	receipt, err := ApplyTransaction(b.config, bc, &b.header.Coinbase, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx, &b.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	b.txs = append(b.txs, tx)
-	b.receipts = append(b.receipts, receipt)
+	b.addTx(bc, vm.Config{}, tx)
+}
+
+// AddTxWithVMConfig adds a transaction to the generated block. If no coinbase has
+// been set, the block's coinbase is set to the zero address.
+// The evm interpreter can be customized with the provided vm config.
+func (b *BlockGen) AddTxWithVMConfig(tx *types.Transaction, config vm.Config) {
+	b.addTx(nil, config, tx)
 }
 
 // GetBalance returns the balance of the given address at the generated block.

core/state/journal.go

@@ -138,6 +138,11 @@ type (
 		address *common.Address
 		slot    *common.Hash
 	}
+
+	transientStorageChange struct {
+		account       *common.Address
+		key, prevalue common.Hash
+	}
 )
 
 func (ch createObjectChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
@@ -213,6 +218,14 @@ func (ch storageChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
 	return ch.account
 }
 
+func (ch transientStorageChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
+	s.setTransientState(*ch.account, ch.key, ch.prevalue)
+}
+
+func (ch transientStorageChange) dirtied() *common.Address {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (ch refundChange) revert(s *StateDB) {
 	s.refund = ch.prev
 }

core/state/statedb.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
@@ -102,6 +103,9 @@ type StateDB struct {
 	// Per-transaction access list
 	accessList *accessList
 
+	// Transient storage
+	transientStorage transientStorage
+
 	// Journal of state modifications. This is the backbone of
 	// Snapshot and RevertToSnapshot.
 	journal        *journal
@@ -146,6 +150,7 @@ func New(root common.Hash, db Database, snaps *snapshot.Tree) (*StateDB, error)
 		preimages:           make(map[common.Hash][]byte),
 		journal:             newJournal(),
 		accessList:          newAccessList(),
+		transientStorage:    newTransientStorage(),
 		hasher:              crypto.NewKeccakState(),
 	}
 	if sdb.snaps != nil {
@@ -452,6 +457,35 @@ func (s *StateDB) Suicide(addr common.Address) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
+// SetTransientState sets transient storage for a given account. It
+// adds the change to the journal so that it can be rolled back
+// to its previous value if there is a revert.
+func (s *StateDB) SetTransientState(addr common.Address, key, value common.Hash) {
+	prev := s.GetTransientState(addr, key)
+	if prev == value {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.journal.append(transientStorageChange{
+		account:  &addr,
+		key:      key,
+		prevalue: prev,
+	})
+
+	s.setTransientState(addr, key, value)
+}
+
+// setTransientState is a lower level setter for transient storage. It
+// is called during a revert to prevent modifications to the journal.
+func (s *StateDB) setTransientState(addr common.Address, key, value common.Hash) {
+	s.transientStorage.Set(addr, key, value)
+}
+
+// GetTransientState gets transient storage for a given account.
+func (s *StateDB) GetTransientState(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) common.Hash {
+	return s.transientStorage.Get(addr, key)
+}
+
 //
 // Setting, updating & deleting state object methods.
 //
@@ -708,6 +742,8 @@ func (s *StateDB) Copy() *StateDB {
 	// to not blow up if we ever decide copy it in the middle of a transaction
 	state.accessList = s.accessList.Copy()
 
+	state.transientStorage = s.transientStorage.Copy()
+
 	// If there's a prefetcher running, make an inactive copy of it that can
 	// only access data but does not actively preload (since the user will not
 	// know that they need to explicitly terminate an active copy).
@@ -880,9 +916,10 @@ func (s *StateDB) IntermediateRoot(deleteEmptyObjects bool) common.Hash {
 	return s.trie.Hash()
 }
 
-// Prepare sets the current transaction hash and index which are
-// used when the EVM emits new state logs.
-func (s *StateDB) Prepare(thash common.Hash, ti int) {
+// SetTxContext sets the current transaction hash and index which are
+// used when the EVM emits new state logs. It should be invoked before
+// transaction execution.
+func (s *StateDB) SetTxContext(thash common.Hash, ti int) {
 	s.thash = thash
 	s.txIndex = ti
 }
@@ -1020,16 +1057,19 @@ func (s *StateDB) Commit(deleteEmptyObjects bool) (common.Hash, error) {
 	return root, nil
 }
 
-// PrepareAccessList handles the preparatory steps for executing a state transition with
-// regards to both EIP-2929 and EIP-2930:
+// Prepare handles the preparatory steps for executing a state transition with.
+// This method must be invoked before state transition.
 //
+// Berlin fork:
 // - Add sender to access list (2929)
 // - Add destination to access list (2929)
 // - Add precompiles to access list (2929)
 // - Add the contents of the optional tx access list (2930)
 //
-// This method should only be called if Berlin/2929+2930 is applicable at the current number.
-func (s *StateDB) PrepareAccessList(sender common.Address, dst *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, list types.AccessList) {
+// Potential EIPs:
+// - Reset transient storage(1153)
+func (s *StateDB) Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender common.Address, dst *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, list types.AccessList) {
+	if rules.IsBerlin {
 		// Clear out any leftover from previous executions
 		s.accessList = newAccessList()
 
@@ -1047,6 +1087,9 @@ func (s *StateDB) PrepareAccessList(sender common.Address, dst *common.Address,
 				s.AddSlotToAccessList(el.Address, key)
 			}
 		}
+	}
+	// Reset transient storage at the beginning of transaction execution
+	s.transientStorage = newTransientStorage()
 }
 
 // AddAddressToAccessList adds the given address to the access list

core/state/statedb_test.go

@@ -342,6 +342,16 @@ func newTestAction(addr common.Address, r *rand.Rand) testAction {
 			},
 			args: make([]int64, 1),
 		},
+		{
+			name: "SetTransientState",
+			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
+				var key, val common.Hash
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(key[:], uint16(a.args[0]))
+				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(val[:], uint16(a.args[1]))
+				s.SetTransientState(addr, key, val)
+			},
+			args: make([]int64, 2),
+		},
 	}
 	action := actions[r.Intn(len(actions))]
 	var nameargs []string
@@ -954,3 +964,37 @@ func TestFlushOrderDataLoss(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStateDBTransientStorage(t *testing.T) {
+	memDb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	db := NewDatabase(memDb)
+	state, _ := New(common.Hash{}, db, nil)
+
+	key := common.Hash{0x01}
+	value := common.Hash{0x02}
+	addr := common.Address{}
+
+	state.SetTransientState(addr, key, value)
+	if exp, got := 1, state.journal.length(); exp != got {
+		t.Fatalf("journal length mismatch: have %d, want %d", got, exp)
+	}
+	// the retrieved value should equal what was set
+	if got := state.GetTransientState(addr, key); got != value {
+		t.Fatalf("transient storage mismatch: have %x, want %x", got, value)
+	}
+
+	// revert the transient state being set and then check that the
+	// value is now the empty hash
+	state.journal.revert(state, 0)
+	if got, exp := state.GetTransientState(addr, key), (common.Hash{}); exp != got {
+		t.Fatalf("transient storage mismatch: have %x, want %x", got, exp)
+	}
+
+	// set transient state and then copy the statedb and ensure that
+	// the transient state is copied
+	state.SetTransientState(addr, key, value)
+	cpy := state.Copy()
+	if got := cpy.GetTransientState(addr, key); got != value {
+		t.Fatalf("transient storage mismatch: have %x, want %x", got, value)
+	}
+}

core/state/transient_storage.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package state
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+// transientStorage is a representation of EIP-1153 "Transient Storage".
+type transientStorage map[common.Address]Storage
+
+// newTransientStorage creates a new instance of a transientStorage.
+func newTransientStorage() transientStorage {
+	return make(transientStorage)
+}
+
+// Set sets the transient-storage `value` for `key` at the given `addr`.
+func (t transientStorage) Set(addr common.Address, key, value common.Hash) {
+	if _, ok := t[addr]; !ok {
+		t[addr] = make(Storage)
+	}
+	t[addr][key] = value
+}
+
+// Get gets the transient storage for `key` at the given `addr`.
+func (t transientStorage) Get(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) common.Hash {
+	val, ok := t[addr]
+	if !ok {
+		return common.Hash{}
+	}
+	return val[key]
+}
+
+// Copy does a deep copy of the transientStorage
+func (t transientStorage) Copy() transientStorage {
+	storage := make(transientStorage)
+	for key, value := range t {
+		storage[key] = value.Copy()
+	}
+	return storage
+}

core/state_prefetcher.go

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func (p *statePrefetcher) Prefetch(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, c
 		if err != nil {
 			return // Also invalid block, bail out
 		}
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		if err := precacheTransaction(msg, p.config, gaspool, statedb, header, evm); err != nil {
 			return // Ugh, something went horribly wrong, bail out
 		}

core/state_processor.go

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (p *StateProcessor) Process(block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB, cfg
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)
 		}
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		receipt, err := applyTransaction(msg, p.config, nil, gp, statedb, blockNumber, blockHash, tx, usedGas, vmenv)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("could not apply tx %d [%v]: %w", i, tx.Hash().Hex(), err)

core/state_transition.go

@@ -319,10 +319,11 @@ func (st *StateTransition) TransitionDb() (*ExecutionResult, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v", ErrInsufficientFundsForTransfer, msg.From().Hex())
 	}
 
-	// Set up the initial access list.
-	if rules.IsBerlin {
-		st.state.PrepareAccessList(msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
-	}
+	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
+	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
+	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
+	st.state.Prepare(rules, msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
+
 	var (
 		ret   []byte
 		vmerr error // vm errors do not effect consensus and are therefore not assigned to err

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
 	2200: enable2200,
 	1884: enable1884,
 	1344: enable1344,
+	1153: enable1153,
 }
 
 // EnableEIP enables the given EIP on the config.
@@ -169,6 +171,45 @@ func enable3198(jt *JumpTable) {
 	}
 }
 
+// enable1153 applies EIP-1153 "Transient Storage"
+// - Adds TLOAD that reads from transient storage
+// - Adds TSTORE that writes to transient storage
+func enable1153(jt *JumpTable) {
+	jt[TLOAD] = &operation{
+		execute:     opTload,
+		constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
+		minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
+	}
+
+	jt[TSTORE] = &operation{
+		execute:     opTstore,
+		constantGas: params.WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929,
+		minStack:    minStack(2, 0),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(2, 0),
+	}
+}
+
+// opTload implements TLOAD opcode
+func opTload(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	loc := scope.Stack.peek()
+	hash := common.Hash(loc.Bytes32())
+	val := interpreter.evm.StateDB.GetTransientState(scope.Contract.Address(), hash)
+	loc.SetBytes(val.Bytes())
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// opTstore implements TSTORE opcode
+func opTstore(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	if interpreter.readOnly {
+		return nil, ErrWriteProtection
+	}
+	loc := scope.Stack.pop()
+	val := scope.Stack.pop()
+	interpreter.evm.StateDB.SetTransientState(scope.Contract.Address(), loc.Bytes32(), val.Bytes32())
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 // opBaseFee implements BASEFEE opcode
 func opBaseFee(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	baseFee, _ := uint256.FromBig(interpreter.evm.Context.BaseFee)

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -527,8 +527,7 @@ func opSstore(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]b
 	}
 	loc := scope.Stack.pop()
 	val := scope.Stack.pop()
-	interpreter.evm.StateDB.SetState(scope.Contract.Address(),
-		loc.Bytes32(), val.Bytes32())
+	interpreter.evm.StateDB.SetState(scope.Contract.Address(), loc.Bytes32(), val.Bytes32())
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

core/vm/instructions_test.go

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
@@ -45,6 +47,14 @@ var alphabetSoup = "ABCDEF090807060504030201ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
 var commonParams []*twoOperandParams
 var twoOpMethods map[string]executionFunc
 
+type contractRef struct {
+	addr common.Address
+}
+
+func (c contractRef) Address() common.Address {
+	return c.addr
+}
+
 func init() {
 	// Params is a list of common edgecases that should be used for some common tests
 	params := []string{
@@ -567,6 +577,49 @@ func BenchmarkOpMstore(bench *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestOpTstore(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		statedb, _     = state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+		env            = NewEVM(BlockContext{}, TxContext{}, statedb, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+		stack          = newstack()
+		mem            = NewMemory()
+		evmInterpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(env, env.Config)
+		caller         = common.Address{}
+		to             = common.Address{1}
+		contractRef    = contractRef{caller}
+		contract       = NewContract(contractRef, AccountRef(to), new(big.Int), 0)
+		scopeContext   = ScopeContext{mem, stack, contract}
+		value          = common.Hex2Bytes("abcdef00000000000000abba000000000deaf000000c0de00100000000133700")
+	)
+
+	// Add a stateObject for the caller and the contract being called
+	statedb.CreateAccount(caller)
+	statedb.CreateAccount(to)
+
+	env.interpreter = evmInterpreter
+	pc := uint64(0)
+	// push the value to the stack
+	stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(value))
+	// push the location to the stack
+	stack.push(new(uint256.Int))
+	opTstore(&pc, evmInterpreter, &scopeContext)
+	// there should be no elements on the stack after TSTORE
+	if stack.len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("stack wrong size")
+	}
+	// push the location to the stack
+	stack.push(new(uint256.Int))
+	opTload(&pc, evmInterpreter, &scopeContext)
+	// there should be one element on the stack after TLOAD
+	if stack.len() != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("stack wrong size")
+	}
+	val := stack.peek()
+	if !bytes.Equal(val.Bytes(), value) {
+		t.Fatal("incorrect element read from transient storage")
+	}
+}
+
 func BenchmarkOpKeccak256(bench *testing.B) {
 	var (
 		env            = NewEVM(BlockContext{}, TxContext{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})

core/vm/interface.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 )
 
 // StateDB is an EVM database for full state querying.
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	GetState(common.Address, common.Hash) common.Hash
 	SetState(common.Address, common.Hash, common.Hash)
 
+	GetTransientState(addr common.Address, key common.Hash) common.Hash
+	SetTransientState(addr common.Address, key, value common.Hash)
+
 	Suicide(common.Address) bool
 	HasSuicided(common.Address) bool
 
@@ -57,7 +61,6 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	// is defined according to EIP161 (balance = nonce = code = 0).
 	Empty(common.Address) bool
 
-	PrepareAccessList(sender common.Address, dest *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, txAccesses types.AccessList)
 	AddressInAccessList(addr common.Address) bool
 	SlotInAccessList(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash) (addressOk bool, slotOk bool)
 	// AddAddressToAccessList adds the given address to the access list. This operation is safe to perform
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ type StateDB interface {
 	// AddSlotToAccessList adds the given (address,slot) to the access list. This operation is safe to perform
 	// even if the feature/fork is not active yet
 	AddSlotToAccessList(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash)
+	Prepare(rules params.Rules, sender common.Address, dest *common.Address, precompiles []common.Address, txAccesses types.AccessList)
 
 	RevertToSnapshot(int)
 	Snapshot() int

core/vm/opcodes.go

@@ -219,6 +219,12 @@ const (
 	SELFDESTRUCT OpCode = 0xff
 )
 
+// 0xb0 range.
+const (
+	TLOAD  OpCode = 0xb3
+	TSTORE OpCode = 0xb4
+)
+
 // Since the opcodes aren't all in order we can't use a regular slice.
 var opCodeToString = map[OpCode]string{
 	// 0x0 range - arithmetic ops.
@@ -373,6 +379,10 @@ var opCodeToString = map[OpCode]string{
 	LOG3:   "LOG3",
 	LOG4:   "LOG4",
 
+	// 0xb0 range.
+	TLOAD:  "TLOAD",
+	TSTORE: "TSTORE",
+
 	// 0xf0 range.
 	CREATE:       "CREATE",
 	CALL:         "CALL",
@@ -463,6 +473,8 @@ var stringToOp = map[string]OpCode{
 	"GAS":            GAS,
 	"JUMPDEST":       JUMPDEST,
 	"PUSH0":          PUSH0,
+	"TLOAD":          TLOAD,
+	"TSTORE":         TSTORE,
 	"PUSH1":          PUSH1,
 	"PUSH2":          PUSH2,
 	"PUSH3":          PUSH3,

core/vm/runtime/runtime.go

@@ -117,10 +117,13 @@ func Execute(code, input []byte, cfg *Config) ([]byte, *state.StateDB, error) {
 		address = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("contract"))
 		vmenv   = NewEnv(cfg)
 		sender  = vm.AccountRef(cfg.Origin)
+		rules   = cfg.ChainConfig.Rules(vmenv.Context.BlockNumber, vmenv.Context.Random != nil)
 	)
-	if rules := cfg.ChainConfig.Rules(vmenv.Context.BlockNumber, vmenv.Context.Random != nil); rules.IsBerlin {
-		cfg.State.PrepareAccessList(cfg.Origin, &address, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), nil)
-	}
+	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
+	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
+	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
+	cfg.State.Prepare(rules, cfg.Origin, &address, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), nil)
+
 	cfg.State.CreateAccount(address)
 	// set the receiver's (the executing contract) code for execution.
 	cfg.State.SetCode(address, code)
@@ -132,7 +135,6 @@ func Execute(code, input []byte, cfg *Config) ([]byte, *state.StateDB, error) {
 		cfg.GasLimit,
 		cfg.Value,
 	)
-
 	return ret, cfg.State, err
 }
 
@@ -149,10 +151,13 @@ func Create(input []byte, cfg *Config) ([]byte, common.Address, uint64, error) {
 	var (
 		vmenv  = NewEnv(cfg)
 		sender = vm.AccountRef(cfg.Origin)
+		rules  = cfg.ChainConfig.Rules(vmenv.Context.BlockNumber, vmenv.Context.Random != nil)
 	)
-	if rules := cfg.ChainConfig.Rules(vmenv.Context.BlockNumber, vmenv.Context.Random != nil); rules.IsBerlin {
-		cfg.State.PrepareAccessList(cfg.Origin, nil, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), nil)
-	}
+	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
+	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
+	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
+	cfg.State.Prepare(rules, cfg.Origin, nil, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), nil)
+
 	// Call the code with the given configuration.
 	code, address, leftOverGas, err := vmenv.Create(
 		sender,
@@ -171,14 +176,17 @@ func Create(input []byte, cfg *Config) ([]byte, common.Address, uint64, error) {
 func Call(address common.Address, input []byte, cfg *Config) ([]byte, uint64, error) {
 	setDefaults(cfg)
 
-	vmenv := NewEnv(cfg)
+	var (
+		vmenv   = NewEnv(cfg)
+		sender  = cfg.State.GetOrNewStateObject(cfg.Origin)
+		statedb = cfg.State
+		rules   = cfg.ChainConfig.Rules(vmenv.Context.BlockNumber, vmenv.Context.Random != nil)
+	)
+	// Execute the preparatory steps for state transition which includes:
+	// - prepare accessList(post-berlin)
+	// - reset transient storage(eip 1153)
+	statedb.Prepare(rules, cfg.Origin, &address, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), nil)
 
-	sender := cfg.State.GetOrNewStateObject(cfg.Origin)
-	statedb := cfg.State
-
-	if rules := cfg.ChainConfig.Rules(vmenv.Context.BlockNumber, vmenv.Context.Random != nil); rules.IsBerlin {
-		statedb.PrepareAccessList(cfg.Origin, &address, vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), nil)
-	}
 	// Call the code with the given configuration.
 	ret, leftOverGas, err := vmenv.Call(
 		sender,

eth/state_accessor.go

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ func (eth *Ethereum) stateAtTransaction(block *types.Block, txIndex int, reexec
 		}
 		// Not yet the searched for transaction, execute on top of the current state
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, eth.blockchain.Config(), vm.Config{})
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), idx)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), idx)
 		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(tx.Gas())); err != nil {
 			return nil, vm.BlockContext{}, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("transaction %#x failed: %v", tx.Hash(), err)
 		}

eth/tracers/api.go

@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ func (api *API) IntermediateRoots(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash, config
 			txContext = core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmenv     = vm.NewEVM(vmctx, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vm.Config{})
 		)
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas())); err != nil {
 			log.Warn("Tracing intermediate roots did not complete", "txindex", i, "txhash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
 			// We intentionally don't return the error here: if we do, then the RPC server will not
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ func (api *API) traceBlock(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block, config *Trac
 
 		// Generate the next state snapshot fast without tracing
 		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(blockCtx, core.NewEVMTxContext(msg), statedb, api.backend.ChainConfig(), vm.Config{})
 		if _, err := core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas())); err != nil {
 			failed = err
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ func (api *API) standardTraceBlockToFile(ctx context.Context, block *types.Block
 		}
 		// Execute the transaction and flush any traces to disk
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(vmctx, txContext, statedb, chainConfig, vmConf)
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), i)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), i)
 		_, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, msg, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(msg.Gas()))
 		if writer != nil {
 			writer.Flush()
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ func (api *API) traceTx(ctx context.Context, message core.Message, txctx *Contex
 	defer cancel()
 
 	// Call Prepare to clear out the statedb access list
-	statedb.Prepare(txctx.TxHash, txctx.TxIndex)
+	statedb.SetTxContext(txctx.TxHash, txctx.TxIndex)
 	if _, err = core.ApplyMessage(vmenv, message, new(core.GasPool).AddGas(message.Gas())); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("tracing failed: %w", err)
 	}

les/state_accessor.go

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func (leth *LightEthereum) stateAtTransaction(ctx context.Context, block *types.
 		msg, _ := tx.AsMessage(signer, block.BaseFee())
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), leth.blockchain, nil)
-		statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), idx)
+		statedb.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), idx)
 		if idx == txIndex {
 			return msg, context, statedb, release, nil
 		}

miner/worker.go

@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ func (w *worker) commitTransactions(env *environment, txs *types.TransactionsByP
 			continue
 		}
 		// Start executing the transaction
-		env.state.Prepare(tx.Hash(), env.tcount)
+		env.state.SetTxContext(tx.Hash(), env.tcount)
 
 		logs, err := w.commitTransaction(env, tx)
 		switch {

tests/state_test.go

@@ -241,9 +241,7 @@ func runBenchmark(b *testing.B, t *StateTest) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
 				snapshot := statedb.Snapshot()
-				if rules.IsBerlin {
-					statedb.PrepareAccessList(msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
-				}
+				statedb.Prepare(rules, msg.From(), msg.To(), vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules), msg.AccessList())
 				b.StartTimer()
 				start := time.Now()