all: more linters (#24783)

This enables the following linters

- typecheck
- unused
- staticcheck
- bidichk
- durationcheck
- exportloopref
- gosec

WIth a few exceptions.

- We use a deprecated protobuf in trezor. I didn't want to mess with that, since I cannot meaningfully test any changes there.
- The deprecated TypeMux is used in a few places still, so the warning for it is silenced for now.
- Using string type in context.WithValue is apparently wrong, one should use a custom type, to prevent collisions between different places in the hierarchy of callers. That should be fixed at some point, but may require some attention.
- The warnings for using weak random generator are squashed, since we use a lot of random without need for cryptographic guarantees.

eth/tracers/tracers_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -32,20 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 )
 
-// callTrace is the result of a callTracer run.
-type callTrace struct {
-	Type    string          `json:"type"`
-	From    common.Address  `json:"from"`
-	To      common.Address  `json:"to"`
-	Input   hexutil.Bytes   `json:"input"`
-	Output  hexutil.Bytes   `json:"output"`
-	Gas     *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gas,omitempty"`
-	GasUsed *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasUsed,omitempty"`
-	Value   *hexutil.Big    `json:"value,omitempty"`
-	Error   string          `json:"error,omitempty"`
-	Calls   []callTrace     `json:"calls,omitempty"`
-}
-
 func BenchmarkTransactionTrace(b *testing.B) {
 	key, _ := crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
 	from := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)