core, eth, les, tests, trie: abstract node scheme (#25532)

This PR introduces a node scheme abstraction. The interface is only implemented by `hashScheme` at the moment, but will be extended by `pathScheme` very soon.

Apart from that, a few changes are also included which is worth mentioning:

-  port the changes in the stacktrie, tracking the path prefix of nodes during commit
-  use ethdb.Database for constructing trie.Database. This is not necessary right now, but it is required for path-based used to open reverse diff freezer

trie/iterator_test.go

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ func TestIteratorContinueAfterErrorDisk(t *testing.T)    { testIteratorContinueA
 func TestIteratorContinueAfterErrorMemonly(t *testing.T) { testIteratorContinueAfterError(t, true) }
 
 func testIteratorContinueAfterError(t *testing.T, memonly bool) {
-	diskdb := memorydb.New()
+	diskdb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	triedb := NewDatabase(diskdb)
 
 	tr := NewEmpty(triedb)
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ func TestIteratorContinueAfterSeekErrorMemonly(t *testing.T) {
 
 func testIteratorContinueAfterSeekError(t *testing.T, memonly bool) {
 	// Commit test trie to db, then remove the node containing "bars".
-	diskdb := memorydb.New()
+	diskdb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	triedb := NewDatabase(diskdb)
 
 	ctr := NewEmpty(triedb)
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ func (l *loggingDb) Close() error {
 func makeLargeTestTrie() (*Database, *StateTrie, *loggingDb) {
 	// Create an empty trie
 	logDb := &loggingDb{0, memorydb.New()}
-	triedb := NewDatabase(logDb)
+	triedb := NewDatabase(rawdb.NewDatabase(logDb))
 	trie, _ := NewStateTrie(TrieID(common.Hash{}), triedb)
 
 	// Fill it with some arbitrary data
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ func TestNodeIteratorLargeTrie(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIteratorNodeBlob(t *testing.T) {
 	var (
-		db     = memorydb.New()
+		db     = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 		triedb = NewDatabase(db)
 		trie   = NewEmpty(triedb)
 	)