Merge commit 'dc34fe829' into merge/geth-v1.13.2

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -199,7 +199,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) CodeAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address,
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return stateDB.GetCode(contract), nil
 }
 
@@ -212,7 +211,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) BalanceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Addres
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	return stateDB.GetBalance(contract), nil
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +223,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) NonceAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Address,
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
-
 	return stateDB.GetNonce(contract), nil
 }
 
@@ -238,7 +235,6 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) StorageAt(ctx context.Context, contract common.Addres
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
 	val := stateDB.GetState(contract, key)
 	return val[:], nil
 }
@@ -700,8 +696,10 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transa
 		}
 		block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
 	})
-	stateDB, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+	stateDB, err := b.blockchain.State()
-
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
 	b.pendingReceipts = receipts[0]
@@ -821,11 +819,12 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) AdjustTime(adjustment time.Duration) error {
 	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, block, ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
 		block.OffsetTime(int64(adjustment.Seconds()))
 	})
-	stateDB, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+	stateDB, err := b.blockchain.State()
-
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
 	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), stateDB.Database(), nil)
-
 	return nil
 }
 

accounts/keystore/watch.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 package keystore
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
@@ -77,7 +78,9 @@ func (w *watcher) loop() {
 	}
 	defer watcher.Close()
 	if err := watcher.Add(w.ac.keydir); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			logger.Warn("Failed to watch keystore folder", "err", err)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 

cmd/devp2p/crawl.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -51,7 +52,14 @@ type resolver interface {
 	RequestENR(*enode.Node) (*enode.Node, error)
 }
 
-func newCrawler(input nodeSet, disc resolver, iters ...enode.Iterator) *crawler {
+func newCrawler(input nodeSet, bootnodes []*enode.Node, disc resolver, iters ...enode.Iterator) (*crawler, error) {
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		input.add(bootnodes...)
+	}
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no input nodes to start crawling")
+	}
+
 	c := &crawler{
 		input:     input,
 		output:    make(nodeSet, len(input)),
@@ -67,7 +75,7 @@ func newCrawler(input nodeSet, disc resolver, iters ...enode.Iterator) *crawler
 	for id, n := range input {
 		c.output[id] = n
 	}
-	return c
+	return c, nil
 }
 
 func (c *crawler) run(timeout time.Duration, nthreads int) nodeSet {

cmd/devp2p/discv4cmd.go

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ var discoveryNodeFlags = []cli.Flag{
 
 func discv4Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	start := time.Now()
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ func discv4Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv4RequestRecord(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	respN, err := disc.RequestENR(n)
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func discv4RequestRecord(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv4Resolve(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Resolve(n).String())
@@ -196,10 +196,13 @@ func discv4ResolveJSON(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		nodeargs = append(nodeargs, n)
 	}
 
-	// Run the crawler.
+	disc, config := startV4(ctx)
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
-	c := newCrawler(inputSet, disc, enode.IterNodes(nodeargs))
+
+	c, err := newCrawler(inputSet, config.Bootnodes, disc, enode.IterNodes(nodeargs))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	c.revalidateInterval = 0
 	output := c.run(0, 1)
 	writeNodesJSON(nodesFile, output)
@@ -211,14 +214,18 @@ func discv4Crawl(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().First()
-	var inputSet nodeSet
+	inputSet := make(nodeSet)
 	if common.FileExist(nodesFile) {
 		inputSet = loadNodesJSON(nodesFile)
 	}
 
-	disc := startV4(ctx)
+	disc, config := startV4(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
-	c := newCrawler(inputSet, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+
+	c, err := newCrawler(inputSet, config.Bootnodes, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	c.revalidateInterval = 10 * time.Minute
 	output := c.run(ctx.Duration(crawlTimeoutFlag.Name), ctx.Int(crawlParallelismFlag.Name))
 	writeNodesJSON(nodesFile, output)
@@ -238,14 +245,14 @@ func discv4Test(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 // startV4 starts an ephemeral discovery V4 node.
-func startV4(ctx *cli.Context) *discover.UDPv4 {
+func startV4(ctx *cli.Context) (*discover.UDPv4, discover.Config) {
 	ln, config := makeDiscoveryConfig(ctx)
 	socket := listen(ctx, ln)
 	disc, err := discover.ListenV4(socket, ln, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		exit(err)
 	}
-	return disc
+	return disc, config
 }
 
 func makeDiscoveryConfig(ctx *cli.Context) (*enode.LocalNode, discover.Config) {

cmd/devp2p/discv5cmd.go

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ var (
 
 func discv5Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Ping(n))
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ func discv5Ping(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func discv5Resolve(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	n := getNodeArg(ctx)
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Resolve(n))
@@ -102,14 +102,18 @@ func discv5Crawl(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("need nodes file as argument")
 	}
 	nodesFile := ctx.Args().First()
-	var inputSet nodeSet
+	inputSet := make(nodeSet)
 	if common.FileExist(nodesFile) {
 		inputSet = loadNodesJSON(nodesFile)
 	}
 
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, config := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
-	c := newCrawler(inputSet, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+
+	c, err := newCrawler(inputSet, config.Bootnodes, disc, disc.RandomNodes())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	c.revalidateInterval = 10 * time.Minute
 	output := c.run(ctx.Duration(crawlTimeoutFlag.Name), ctx.Int(crawlParallelismFlag.Name))
 	writeNodesJSON(nodesFile, output)
@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@ func discv5Test(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 func discv5Listen(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	disc := startV5(ctx)
+	disc, _ := startV5(ctx)
 	defer disc.Close()
 
 	fmt.Println(disc.Self())
@@ -135,12 +139,12 @@ func discv5Listen(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 // startV5 starts an ephemeral discovery v5 node.
-func startV5(ctx *cli.Context) *discover.UDPv5 {
+func startV5(ctx *cli.Context) (*discover.UDPv5, discover.Config) {
 	ln, config := makeDiscoveryConfig(ctx)
 	socket := listen(ctx, ln)
 	disc, err := discover.ListenV5(socket, ln, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		exit(err)
 	}
-	return disc
+	return disc, config
 }

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite_test.go

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ func setupGeth(stack *node.Node) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	backend.SetSynced()
 
 	_, err = backend.BlockChain().InsertChain(chain.blocks[1:])
 	return err

cmd/evm/blockrunner.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -41,10 +40,7 @@ func blockTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if len(ctx.Args().First()) == 0 {
 		return errors.New("path-to-test argument required")
 	}
-	// Configure the go-ethereum logger
+
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
 	var tracer vm.EVMLogger
 	// Configure the EVM logger
 	if ctx.Bool(MachineFlag.Name) {

cmd/evm/main.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -31,99 +32,107 @@ var (
 	DebugFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "debug",
 		Usage:    "output full trace logs",
-	}
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
-	MemProfileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "memprofile",
-		Usage: "creates a memory profile at the given path",
-	}
-	CPUProfileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-		Name:  "cpuprofile",
-		Usage: "creates a CPU profile at the given path",
 	}
 	StatDumpFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "statdump",
 		Usage:    "displays stack and heap memory information",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	CodeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "code",
 		Usage:    "EVM code",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	CodeFileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "codefile",
 		Usage:    "File containing EVM code. If '-' is specified, code is read from stdin ",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	GasFlag = &cli.Uint64Flag{
 		Name:     "gas",
 		Usage:    "gas limit for the evm",
 		Value:    10000000000,
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	PriceFlag = &flags.BigFlag{
 		Name:     "price",
 		Usage:    "price set for the evm",
 		Value:    new(big.Int),
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	ValueFlag = &flags.BigFlag{
 		Name:     "value",
 		Usage:    "value set for the evm",
 		Value:    new(big.Int),
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DumpFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "dump",
 		Usage:    "dumps the state after the run",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	InputFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "input",
 		Usage:    "input for the EVM",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	InputFileFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "inputfile",
 		Usage:    "file containing input for the EVM",
-	}
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
-	VerbosityFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
-		Name:  "verbosity",
-		Usage: "sets the verbosity level",
 	}
 	BenchFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "bench",
 		Usage:    "benchmark the execution",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	CreateFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "create",
 		Usage:    "indicates the action should be create rather than call",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	GenesisFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "prestate",
 		Usage:    "JSON file with prestate (genesis) config",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	MachineFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "json",
 		Usage:    "output trace logs in machine readable format (json)",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	SenderFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "sender",
 		Usage:    "The transaction origin",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	ReceiverFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:     "receiver",
 		Usage:    "The transaction receiver (execution context)",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableMemoryFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "nomemory",
 		Value:    true,
 		Usage:    "disable memory output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableStackFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "nostack",
 		Usage:    "disable stack output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableStorageFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "nostorage",
 		Usage:    "disable storage output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 	DisableReturnDataFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "noreturndata",
 		Value:    true,
 		Usage:    "enable return data output",
+		Category: flags.VMCategory,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -183,34 +192,38 @@ var blockBuilderCommand = &cli.Command{
 	},
 }
 
-var app = flags.NewApp("the evm command line interface")
+// vmFlags contains flags related to running the EVM.
-
+var vmFlags = []cli.Flag{
-func init() {
-	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
-		BenchFlag,
-		CreateFlag,
-		DebugFlag,
-		VerbosityFlag,
 	CodeFlag,
 	CodeFileFlag,
+	CreateFlag,
 	GasFlag,
 	PriceFlag,
 	ValueFlag,
-		DumpFlag,
 	InputFlag,
 	InputFileFlag,
-		MemProfileFlag,
-		CPUProfileFlag,
-		StatDumpFlag,
 	GenesisFlag,
-		MachineFlag,
 	SenderFlag,
 	ReceiverFlag,
+}
+
+// traceFlags contains flags that configure tracing output.
+var traceFlags = []cli.Flag{
+	BenchFlag,
+	DebugFlag,
+	DumpFlag,
+	MachineFlag,
+	StatDumpFlag,
 	DisableMemoryFlag,
 	DisableStackFlag,
 	DisableStorageFlag,
 	DisableReturnDataFlag,
 }
+
+var app = flags.NewApp("the evm command line interface")
+
+func init() {
+	app.Flags = flags.Merge(vmFlags, traceFlags, debug.Flags)
 	app.Commands = []*cli.Command{
 		compileCommand,
 		disasmCommand,
@@ -221,6 +234,14 @@ func init() {
 		transactionCommand,
 		blockBuilderCommand,
 	}
+	app.Before = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		flags.MigrateGlobalFlags(ctx)
+		return debug.Setup(ctx)
+	}
+	app.After = func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		debug.Exit()
+		return nil
+	}
 }
 
 func main() {

cmd/evm/runner.go

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	goruntime "runtime"
-	"runtime/pprof"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -34,12 +33,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm/runtime"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie/triedb/hashdb"
@@ -52,6 +49,7 @@ var runCommand = &cli.Command{
 	Usage:       "run arbitrary evm binary",
 	ArgsUsage:   "<code>",
 	Description: `The run command runs arbitrary EVM code.`,
+	Flags:       flags.Merge(vmFlags, traceFlags),
 }
 
 // readGenesis will read the given JSON format genesis file and return
@@ -109,9 +107,6 @@ func timedExec(bench bool, execFunc func() ([]byte, uint64, error)) (output []by
 }
 
 func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
 	logconfig := &logger.Config{
 		EnableMemory:     !ctx.Bool(DisableMemoryFlag.Name),
 		DisableStack:     ctx.Bool(DisableStackFlag.Name),
@@ -127,7 +122,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		chainConfig *params.ChainConfig
 		sender      = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("sender"))
 		receiver    = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("receiver"))
-		genesisConfig *core.Genesis
 		preimages   = ctx.Bool(DumpFlag.Name)
 		blobHashes  []common.Hash // TODO (MariusVanDerWijden) implement blob hashes in state tests
 	)
@@ -139,30 +133,30 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	} else {
 		debugLogger = logger.NewStructLogger(logconfig)
 	}
+
+	initialGas := ctx.Uint64(GasFlag.Name)
+	genesisConfig := new(core.Genesis)
+	genesisConfig.GasLimit = initialGas
 	if ctx.String(GenesisFlag.Name) != "" {
-		gen := readGenesis(ctx.String(GenesisFlag.Name))
+		genesisConfig = readGenesis(ctx.String(GenesisFlag.Name))
-		genesisConfig = gen
+		if genesisConfig.GasLimit != 0 {
+			initialGas = genesisConfig.GasLimit
+		}
+	} else {
+		genesisConfig.Config = params.AllEthashProtocolChanges
+	}
+
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	triedb := trie.NewDatabase(db, &trie.Config{
 		Preimages: preimages,
 		HashDB:    hashdb.Defaults,
 	})
 	defer triedb.Close()
-		genesis := gen.MustCommit(db, triedb)
+	genesis := genesisConfig.MustCommit(db, triedb)
 	sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb)
 	statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), sdb, nil)
-		chainConfig = gen.Config
+	chainConfig = genesisConfig.Config
-	} else {
+
-		db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-		triedb := trie.NewDatabase(db, &trie.Config{
-			Preimages: preimages,
-			HashDB:    hashdb.Defaults,
-		})
-		defer triedb.Close()
-		sdb := state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(db, triedb)
-		statedb, _ = state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, sdb, nil)
-		genesisConfig = new(core.Genesis)
-	}
 	if ctx.String(SenderFlag.Name) != "" {
 		sender = common.HexToAddress(ctx.String(SenderFlag.Name))
 	}
@@ -216,10 +210,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 		code = common.Hex2Bytes(bin)
 	}
-	initialGas := ctx.Uint64(GasFlag.Name)
-	if genesisConfig.GasLimit != 0 {
-		initialGas = genesisConfig.GasLimit
-	}
 	runtimeConfig := runtime.Config{
 		Origin:      sender,
 		State:       statedb,
@@ -236,19 +226,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		},
 	}
 
-	if cpuProfilePath := ctx.String(CPUProfileFlag.Name); cpuProfilePath != "" {
-		f, err := os.Create(cpuProfilePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not create CPU profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		if err := pprof.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not start CPU profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
-	}
-
 	if chainConfig != nil {
 		runtimeConfig.ChainConfig = chainConfig
 	} else {
@@ -296,19 +273,6 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		fmt.Println(string(statedb.Dump(nil)))
 	}
 
-	if memProfilePath := ctx.String(MemProfileFlag.Name); memProfilePath != "" {
-		f, err := os.Create(memProfilePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not create memory profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		if err := pprof.WriteHeapProfile(f); err != nil {
-			fmt.Println("could not write memory profile: ", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		f.Close()
-	}
-
 	if ctx.Bool(DebugFlag.Name) {
 		if debugLogger != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "#### TRACE ####")

cmd/evm/staterunner.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state/snapshot"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/logger"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/tests"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -52,11 +51,6 @@ type StatetestResult struct {
 }
 
 func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	// Configure the go-ethereum logger
-	glogger := log.NewGlogHandler(log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(false)))
-	glogger.Verbosity(log.Lvl(ctx.Int(VerbosityFlag.Name)))
-	log.Root().SetHandler(glogger)
-
 	// Configure the EVM logger
 	config := &logger.Config{
 		EnableMemory:     !ctx.Bool(DisableMemoryFlag.Name),

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ var (
 		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CachePreimagesFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 		Description: `
 The init command initializes a new genesis block and definition for the network.
 This is a destructive action and changes the network in which you will be
@@ -97,9 +96,8 @@ if one is set.  Otherwise it prints the genesis from the datadir.`,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag,
 			utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
 			utils.TransactionHistoryFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
 			utils.StateHistoryFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The import command imports blocks from an RLP-encoded form. The form can be one file
 with several RLP-encoded blocks, or several files can be used.
@@ -115,8 +113,7 @@ processing will proceed even if an individual RLP-file import failure occurs.`,
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 		Description: `
 Requires a first argument of the file to write to.
 Optional second and third arguments control the first and
@@ -132,7 +129,7 @@ be gzipped.`,
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The import-preimages command imports hash preimages from an RLP encoded stream.
 It's deprecated, please use "geth db import" instead.
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ It's deprecated, please use "geth db import" instead.
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `
 The export-preimages command exports hash preimages to an RLP encoded stream.
 It's deprecated, please use "geth db export" instead.
@@ -165,8 +162,7 @@ It's deprecated, please use "geth db export" instead.
 			utils.IncludeIncompletesFlag,
 			utils.StartKeyFlag,
 			utils.DumpLimitFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
+		}, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-		}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 		Description: `
 This command dumps out the state for a given block (or latest, if none provided).
 `,
@@ -340,7 +336,8 @@ func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 
-	chain, _ := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack, true)
+	chain, db := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
 	start := time.Now()
 
 	var err error
@@ -380,6 +377,7 @@ func importPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
+	defer db.Close()
 	start := time.Now()
 
 	if err := utils.ImportPreimages(db, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
@@ -398,6 +396,7 @@ func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
 	start := time.Now()
 
 	if err := utils.ExportPreimages(db, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
@@ -409,6 +408,8 @@ func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 func parseDumpConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) (*state.DumpConfig, ethdb.Database, common.Hash, error) {
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
+
 	var header *types.Header
 	if ctx.NArg() > 1 {
 		return nil, nil, common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("expected 1 argument (number or hash), got %d", ctx.NArg())

cmd/geth/dbcmd.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var (
 		Name:      "removedb",
 		Usage:     "Remove blockchain and state databases",
 		ArgsUsage: "",
-		Flags:     utils.DatabasePathFlags,
+		Flags:     utils.DatabaseFlags,
 		Description: `
 Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 	}
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<prefix> <start>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Usage:       "Inspect the storage size for each type of data in the database",
 		Description: `This commands iterates the entire database. If the optional 'prefix' and 'start' arguments are provided, then the iteration is limited to the given subset of data.`,
 	}
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 		Action:    checkStateContent,
 		Name:      "check-state-content",
 		ArgsUsage: "<start (optional)>",
-		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Usage:     "Verify that state data is cryptographically correct",
 		Description: `This command iterates the entire database for 32-byte keys, looking for rlp-encoded trie nodes.
 For each trie node encountered, it checks that the key corresponds to the keccak256(value). If this is not true, this indicates
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ a data corruption.`,
 		Usage:  "Print leveldb statistics",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 	}
 	dbCompactCmd = &cli.Command{
 		Action: dbCompact,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ a data corruption.`,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command performs a database compaction. 
 WARNING: This operation may take a very long time to finish, and may cause database
 corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
 	}
 	dbDeleteCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command deletes the specified database key from the database. 
 WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 	}
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded key> <hex-encoded value>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: `This command sets a given database key to the given value. 
 WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 	}
@@ -151,8 +151,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<hex-encoded state root> <hex-encoded account hash> <hex-encoded storage trie root> <hex-encoded start (optional)> <int max elements (optional)>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-			utils.StateSchemeFlag,
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
 	}
 	dbDumpFreezerIndex = &cli.Command{
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<freezer-type> <table-type> <start (int)> <end (int)>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "This command displays information about the freezer index.",
 	}
 	dbImportCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<dumpfile> <start (optional)",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "The import command imports the specific chain data from an RLP encoded stream.",
 	}
 	dbExportCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		ArgsUsage: "<type> <dumpfile>",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "Exports the specified chain data to an RLP encoded stream, optionally gzip-compressed.",
 	}
 	dbMetadataCmd = &cli.Command{
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 		Usage:  "Shows metadata about the chain status.",
 		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
-		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+		}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 		Description: "Shows metadata about the chain status.",
 	}
 )
@@ -595,6 +594,7 @@ func importLDBdata(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		close(stop)
 	}()
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, false)
+	defer db.Close()
 	return utils.ImportLDBData(db, fName, int64(start), stop)
 }
 
@@ -691,6 +691,7 @@ func exportChaindata(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		close(stop)
 	}()
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
 	return utils.ExportChaindata(ctx.Args().Get(1), kind, exporter(db), stop)
 }
 
@@ -698,6 +699,8 @@ func showMetaData(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
+
 	ancients, err := db.Ancients()
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error accessing ancients: %v", err)

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ var (
 		utils.SnapshotFlag,
 		utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
 		utils.TransactionHistoryFlag,
-		utils.StateSchemeFlag,
 		utils.StateHistoryFlag,
 		utils.LightServeFlag,
 		utils.LightIngressFlag,
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ var (
 		utils.GpoMaxGasPriceFlag,
 		utils.GpoIgnoreGasPriceFlag,
 		configFileFlag,
-	}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags)
+	}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags)
 
 	rpcFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		utils.HTTPEnabledFlag,

cmd/geth/snapshot.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ var (
 				Action:    pruneState,
 				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
 					utils.BloomFilterSizeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot prune-state <state-root>
 will prune historical state data with the help of the state snapshot.
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ WARNING: it's only supported in hash mode(--state.scheme=hash)".
 				Usage:     "Recalculate state hash based on the snapshot for verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    verifyState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot verify-state <state-root>
 will traverse the whole accounts and storages set based on the specified
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ In other words, this command does the snapshot to trie conversion.
 				Usage:     "Check that there is no 'dangling' snap storage",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    checkDanglingStorage,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot check-dangling-storage <state-root> traverses the snap storage 
 data, and verifies that all snapshot storage data has a corresponding account. 
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ data, and verifies that all snapshot storage data has a corresponding account.
 				Usage:     "Check all snapshot layers for the a specific account",
 				ArgsUsage: "<address | hash>",
 				Action:    checkAccount,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot inspect-account <address | hash> checks all snapshot layers and prints out
 information about the specified address. 
@@ -106,9 +104,7 @@ information about the specified address.
 				Usage:     "Traverse the state with given root hash and perform quick verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    traverseState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot traverse-state <state-root>
 will traverse the whole state from the given state root and will abort if any
@@ -123,9 +119,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 				Usage:     "Traverse the state with given root hash and perform detailed verification",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    traverseRawState,
-				Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth snapshot traverse-rawstate <state-root>
 will traverse the whole state from the given root and will abort if any referenced
@@ -146,8 +140,7 @@ It's also usable without snapshot enabled.
 					utils.ExcludeStorageFlag,
 					utils.StartKeyFlag,
 					utils.DumpLimitFlag,
-					utils.StateSchemeFlag,
+				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
-				}, utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 				Description: `
 This command is semantically equivalent to 'geth dump', but uses the snapshots
 as the backend data source, making this command a lot faster. 
@@ -252,7 +245,9 @@ func checkDanglingStorage(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 
-	return snapshot.CheckDanglingStorage(utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true))
+	db := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer db.Close()
+	return snapshot.CheckDanglingStorage(db)
 }
 
 // traverseState is a helper function used for pruning verification.
@@ -332,6 +327,11 @@ func traverseState(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			storageIter := trie.NewIterator(storageIt)
 			for storageIter.Next() {
 				slots += 1
+
+				if time.Since(lastReport) > time.Second*8 {
+					log.Info("Traversing state", "accounts", accounts, "slots", slots, "codes", codes, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+					lastReport = time.Now()
+				}
 			}
 			if storageIter.Err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to traverse storage trie", "root", acc.Root, "err", storageIter.Err)
@@ -486,6 +486,10 @@ func traverseRawState(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 					if storageIter.Leaf() {
 						slots += 1
 					}
+					if time.Since(lastReport) > time.Second*8 {
+						log.Info("Traversing state", "nodes", nodes, "accounts", accounts, "slots", slots, "codes", codes, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+						lastReport = time.Now()
+					}
 				}
 				if storageIter.Error() != nil {
 					log.Error("Failed to traverse storage trie", "root", acc.Root, "err", storageIter.Error())

cmd/geth/verkle.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var (
 				Usage:     "verify the conversion of a MPT into a verkle tree",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root>",
 				Action:    verifyVerkle,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth verkle verify <state-root>
 This command takes a root commitment and attempts to rebuild the tree.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ This command takes a root commitment and attempts to rebuild the tree.
 				Usage:     "Dump a verkle tree to a DOT file",
 				ArgsUsage: "<root> <key1> [<key 2> ...]",
 				Action:    expandVerkle,
-				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
+				Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.NetworkFlags, utils.DatabaseFlags),
 				Description: `
 geth verkle dump <state-root> <key 1> [<key 2> ...]
 This command will produce a dot file representing the tree, rooted at <root>.
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ func verifyVerkle(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	chaindb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer chaindb.Close()
 	headBlock := rawdb.ReadHeadBlock(chaindb)
 	if headBlock == nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to load head block")
@@ -163,6 +164,7 @@ func expandVerkle(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	defer stack.Close()
 
 	chaindb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack, true)
+	defer chaindb.Close()
 	var (
 		rootC   common.Hash
 		keylist [][]byte

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -969,18 +969,19 @@ var (
 	// NetworkFlags is the flag group of all built-in supported networks.
 	NetworkFlags = append([]cli.Flag{MainnetFlag}, TestnetFlags...)
 
-	// DatabasePathFlags is the flag group of all database path flags.
+	// DatabaseFlags is the flag group of all database flags.
-	DatabasePathFlags = []cli.Flag{
+	DatabaseFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		DataDirFlag,
 		AncientFlag,
 		RemoteDBFlag,
+		StateSchemeFlag,
 		HttpHeaderFlag,
 	}
 )
 
 func init() {
 	if rawdb.PebbleEnabled {
-		DatabasePathFlags = append(DatabasePathFlags, DBEngineFlag)
+		DatabaseFlags = append(DatabaseFlags, DBEngineFlag)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1006,7 +1007,7 @@ func MakeDataDir(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 
 // setNodeKey creates a node key from set command line flags, either loading it
 // from a file or as a specified hex value. If neither flags were provided, this
-// method returns nil and an emphemeral key is to be generated.
+// method returns nil and an ephemeral key is to be generated.
 func setNodeKey(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 	var (
 		hex  = ctx.String(NodeKeyHexFlag.Name)
@@ -1039,11 +1040,21 @@ func setNodeUserIdent(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 
 // setBootstrapNodes creates a list of bootstrap nodes from the command line
 // flags, reverting to pre-configured ones if none have been specified.
+// Priority order for bootnodes configuration:
+//
+// 1. --bootnodes flag
+// 2. Config file
+// 3. Network preset flags (e.g. --goerli)
+// 4. default to mainnet nodes
 func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 	urls := params.MainnetBootnodes
-	switch {
+	if ctx.IsSet(BootnodesFlag.Name) {
-	case ctx.IsSet(BootnodesFlag.Name):
 		urls = SplitAndTrim(ctx.String(BootnodesFlag.Name))
+	} else {
+		if cfg.BootstrapNodes != nil {
+			return // Already set by config file, don't apply defaults.
+		}
+		switch {
 		case ctx.Bool(HoleskyFlag.Name):
 			urls = params.HoleskyBootnodes
 		case ctx.Bool(SepoliaFlag.Name):
@@ -1051,23 +1062,23 @@ func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 		case ctx.Bool(GoerliFlag.Name):
 			urls = params.GoerliBootnodes
 		}
-
+	}
-	// don't apply defaults if BootstrapNodes is already set
+	cfg.BootstrapNodes = mustParseBootnodes(urls)
-	if cfg.BootstrapNodes != nil {
-		return
 }
 
-	cfg.BootstrapNodes = make([]*enode.Node, 0, len(urls))
+func mustParseBootnodes(urls []string) []*enode.Node {
+	nodes := make([]*enode.Node, 0, len(urls))
 	for _, url := range urls {
 		if url != "" {
 			node, err := enode.Parse(enode.ValidSchemes, url)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Crit("Bootstrap URL invalid", "enode", url, "err", err)
-				continue
+				return nil
 			}
-			cfg.BootstrapNodes = append(cfg.BootstrapNodes, node)
+			nodes = append(nodes, node)
 		}
 	}
+	return nodes
 }
 
 // setBootstrapNodesV5 creates a list of bootstrap nodes from the command line
@@ -2129,7 +2140,7 @@ func DialRPCWithHeaders(endpoint string, headers []string) (*rpc.Client, error)
 	}
 	var opts []rpc.ClientOption
 	if len(headers) > 0 {
-		var customHeaders = make(http.Header)
+		customHeaders := make(http.Header)
 		for _, h := range headers {
 			kv := strings.Split(h, ":")
 			if len(kv) != 2 {

core/asm/compiler.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package asm
 
 import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 // and holds the tokens for the program.
 type Compiler struct {
 	tokens []token
-	binary []interface{}
+	out    []byte
 
 	labels map[string]int
 
@@ -50,12 +52,10 @@ func NewCompiler(debug bool) *Compiler {
 // Feed feeds tokens in to ch and are interpreted by
 // the compiler.
 //
-// feed is the first pass in the compile stage as it
+// feed is the first pass in the compile stage as it collects the used labels in the
-// collects the used labels in the program and keeps a
+// program and keeps a program counter which is used to determine the locations of the
-// program counter which is used to determine the locations
+// jump dests. The labels can than be used in the second stage to push labels and
-// of the jump dests. The labels can than be used in the
+// determine the right position.
-// second stage to push labels and determine the right
-// position.
 func (c *Compiler) Feed(ch <-chan token) {
 	var prev token
 	for i := range ch {
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ func (c *Compiler) Feed(ch <-chan token) {
 				c.pc++
 			}
 		}
-
 		c.tokens = append(c.tokens, i)
 		prev = i
 	}
@@ -88,12 +87,11 @@ func (c *Compiler) Feed(ch <-chan token) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Compile compiles the current tokens and returns a
+// Compile compiles the current tokens and returns a binary string that can be interpreted
-// binary string that can be interpreted by the EVM
+// by the EVM and an error if it failed.
-// and an error if it failed.
 //
-// compile is the second stage in the compile phase
+// compile is the second stage in the compile phase which compiles the tokens to EVM
-// which compiles the tokens to EVM instructions.
+// instructions.
 func (c *Compiler) Compile() (string, []error) {
 	var errors []error
 	// continue looping over the tokens until
@@ -105,16 +103,8 @@ func (c *Compiler) Compile() (string, []error) {
 	}
 
 	// turn the binary to hex
-	var bin strings.Builder
+	h := hex.EncodeToString(c.out)
-	for _, v := range c.binary {
+	return h, errors
-		switch v := v.(type) {
-		case vm.OpCode:
-			bin.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%x", []byte{byte(v)}))
-		case []byte:
-			bin.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%x", v))
-		}
-	}
-	return bin.String(), errors
 }
 
 // next returns the next token and increments the
@@ -156,47 +146,73 @@ func (c *Compiler) compileLine() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// compileNumber compiles the number to bytes
+// parseNumber compiles the number to bytes
-func (c *Compiler) compileNumber(element token) {
+func parseNumber(tok token) ([]byte, error) {
-	num := math.MustParseBig256(element.text).Bytes()
+	if tok.typ != number {
-	if len(num) == 0 {
+		panic("parseNumber of non-number token")
-		num = []byte{0}
 	}
-	c.pushBin(num)
+	num, ok := math.ParseBig256(tok.text)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid number")
+	}
+	bytes := num.Bytes()
+	if len(bytes) == 0 {
+		bytes = []byte{0}
+	}
+	return bytes, nil
 }
 
 // compileElement compiles the element (push & label or both)
 // to a binary representation and may error if incorrect statements
 // where fed.
 func (c *Compiler) compileElement(element token) error {
-	// check for a jump. jumps must be read and compiled
+	switch {
-	// from right to left.
+	case isJump(element.text):
-	if isJump(element.text) {
+		return c.compileJump(element.text)
+	case isPush(element.text):
+		return c.compilePush()
+	default:
+		c.outputOpcode(toBinary(element.text))
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Compiler) compileJump(jumpType string) error {
 	rvalue := c.next()
 	switch rvalue.typ {
 	case number:
-			// TODO figure out how to return the error properly
+		numBytes, err := parseNumber(rvalue)
-			c.compileNumber(rvalue)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		c.outputBytes(numBytes)
+
 	case stringValue:
 		// strings are quoted, remove them.
-			c.pushBin(rvalue.text[1 : len(rvalue.text)-2])
+		str := rvalue.text[1 : len(rvalue.text)-2]
+		c.outputBytes([]byte(str))
+
 	case label:
-			c.pushBin(vm.PUSH4)
+		c.outputOpcode(vm.PUSH4)
 		pos := big.NewInt(int64(c.labels[rvalue.text])).Bytes()
 		pos = append(make([]byte, 4-len(pos)), pos...)
-			c.pushBin(pos)
+		c.outputBytes(pos)
+
 	case lineEnd:
+		// push without argument is supported, it just takes the destination from the stack.
 		c.pos--
+
 	default:
 		return compileErr(rvalue, rvalue.text, "number, string or label")
 	}
 	// push the operation
-		c.pushBin(toBinary(element.text))
+	c.outputOpcode(toBinary(jumpType))
 	return nil
-	} else if isPush(element.text) {
+}
+
+func (c *Compiler) compilePush() error {
 	// handle pushes. pushes are read from left to right.
 	var value []byte
-
 	rvalue := c.next()
 	switch rvalue.typ {
 	case number:
@@ -212,31 +228,32 @@ func (c *Compiler) compileElement(element token) error {
 	default:
 		return compileErr(rvalue, rvalue.text, "number, string or label")
 	}
-
 	if len(value) > 32 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%d type error: unsupported string or number with size > 32", rvalue.lineno)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%d: string or number size > 32 bytes", rvalue.lineno+1)
 	}
-
+	c.outputOpcode(vm.OpCode(int(vm.PUSH1) - 1 + len(value)))
-		c.pushBin(vm.OpCode(int(vm.PUSH1) - 1 + len(value)))
+	c.outputBytes(value)
-		c.pushBin(value)
-	} else {
-		c.pushBin(toBinary(element.text))
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
 // compileLabel pushes a jumpdest to the binary slice.
 func (c *Compiler) compileLabel() {
-	c.pushBin(vm.JUMPDEST)
+	c.outputOpcode(vm.JUMPDEST)
 }
 
-// pushBin pushes the value v to the binary stack.
+func (c *Compiler) outputOpcode(op vm.OpCode) {
-func (c *Compiler) pushBin(v interface{}) {
 	if c.debug {
-		fmt.Printf("%d: %v\n", len(c.binary), v)
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %v\n", len(c.out), op)
 	}
-	c.binary = append(c.binary, v)
+	c.out = append(c.out, byte(op))
+}
+
+// output pushes the value v to the binary stack.
+func (c *Compiler) outputBytes(b []byte) {
+	if c.debug {
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %x\n", len(c.out), b)
+	}
+	c.out = append(c.out, b...)
 }
 
 // isPush returns whether the string op is either any of
@@ -263,13 +280,13 @@ type compileError struct {
 }
 
 func (err compileError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%d syntax error: unexpected %v, expected %v", err.lineno, err.got, err.want)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d: syntax error: unexpected %v, expected %v", err.lineno, err.got, err.want)
 }
 
 func compileErr(c token, got, want string) error {
 	return compileError{
 		got:    got,
 		want:   want,
-		lineno: c.lineno,
+		lineno: c.lineno + 1,
 	}
 }

core/asm/compiler_test.go

@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ func TestCompiler(t *testing.T) {
 `,
 			output: "6300000006565b",
 		},
+		{
+			input: `
+	JUMP @label
+label: ;; comment
+	ADD ;; comment
+`,
+			output: "6300000006565b01",
+		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		ch := Lex([]byte(test.input), false)

core/asm/lex_test.go

@@ -72,6 +72,16 @@ func TestLexer(t *testing.T) {
 			input:  "@label123",
 			tokens: []token{{typ: lineStart}, {typ: label, text: "label123"}, {typ: eof}},
 		},
+		// comment after label
+		{
+			input:  "@label123 ;; comment",
+			tokens: []token{{typ: lineStart}, {typ: label, text: "label123"}, {typ: eof}},
+		},
+		// comment after instruction
+		{
+			input:  "push 3 ;; comment\nadd",
+			tokens: []token{{typ: lineStart}, {typ: element, text: "push"}, {typ: number, text: "3"}, {typ: lineEnd, text: "\n"}, {typ: lineStart, lineno: 1}, {typ: element, lineno: 1, text: "add"}, {typ: eof, lineno: 1}},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {

core/asm/lexer.go

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ type token struct {
 // is able to parse and return.
 type tokenType int
 
+//go:generate go run golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer -type tokenType
+
 const (
 	eof              tokenType = iota // end of file
 	lineStart                         // emitted when a line starts
@@ -52,31 +54,13 @@ const (
 	labelDef                          // label definition is emitted when a new label is found
 	number                            // number is emitted when a number is found
 	stringValue                       // stringValue is emitted when a string has been found
-
-	Numbers            = "1234567890"                                           // characters representing any decimal number
-	HexadecimalNumbers = Numbers + "aAbBcCdDeEfF"                               // characters representing any hexadecimal
-	Alpha              = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwvxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWVXYZ" // characters representing alphanumeric
 )
 
-// String implements stringer
+const (
-func (it tokenType) String() string {
+	decimalNumbers = "1234567890"                                           // characters representing any decimal number
-	if int(it) > len(stringtokenTypes) {
+	hexNumbers     = decimalNumbers + "aAbBcCdDeEfF"                        // characters representing any hexadecimal
-		return "invalid"
+	alpha          = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwvxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUWVXYZ" // characters representing alphanumeric
-	}
+)
-	return stringtokenTypes[it]
-}
-
-var stringtokenTypes = []string{
-	eof:              "EOF",
-	lineStart:        "new line",
-	lineEnd:          "end of line",
-	invalidStatement: "invalid statement",
-	element:          "element",
-	label:            "label",
-	labelDef:         "label definition",
-	number:           "number",
-	stringValue:      "string",
-}
 
 // lexer is the basic construct for parsing
 // source code and turning them in to tokens.
@@ -200,7 +184,6 @@ func lexLine(l *lexer) stateFn {
 			l.emit(lineEnd)
 			l.ignore()
 			l.lineno++
-
 			l.emit(lineStart)
 		case r == ';' && l.peek() == ';':
 			return lexComment
@@ -225,6 +208,7 @@ func lexLine(l *lexer) stateFn {
 // of the line and discards the text.
 func lexComment(l *lexer) stateFn {
 	l.acceptRunUntil('\n')
+	l.backup()
 	l.ignore()
 
 	return lexLine
@@ -234,7 +218,7 @@ func lexComment(l *lexer) stateFn {
 // the lex text state function to advance the parsing
 // process.
 func lexLabel(l *lexer) stateFn {
-	l.acceptRun(Alpha + "_" + Numbers)
+	l.acceptRun(alpha + "_" + decimalNumbers)
 
 	l.emit(label)
 
@@ -253,9 +237,9 @@ func lexInsideString(l *lexer) stateFn {
 }
 
 func lexNumber(l *lexer) stateFn {
-	acceptance := Numbers
+	acceptance := decimalNumbers
 	if l.accept("xX") {
-		acceptance = HexadecimalNumbers
+		acceptance = hexNumbers
 	}
 	l.acceptRun(acceptance)
 
@@ -265,7 +249,7 @@ func lexNumber(l *lexer) stateFn {
 }
 
 func lexElement(l *lexer) stateFn {
-	l.acceptRun(Alpha + "_" + Numbers)
+	l.acceptRun(alpha + "_" + decimalNumbers)
 
 	if l.peek() == ':' {
 		l.emit(labelDef)

core/asm/tokentype_string.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Code generated by "stringer -type tokenType"; DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package asm
+
+import "strconv"
+
+func _() {
+	// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
+	// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
+	var x [1]struct{}
+	_ = x[eof-0]
+	_ = x[lineStart-1]
+	_ = x[lineEnd-2]
+	_ = x[invalidStatement-3]
+	_ = x[element-4]
+	_ = x[label-5]
+	_ = x[labelDef-6]
+	_ = x[number-7]
+	_ = x[stringValue-8]
+}
+
+const _tokenType_name = "eoflineStartlineEndinvalidStatementelementlabellabelDefnumberstringValue"
+
+var _tokenType_index = [...]uint8{0, 3, 12, 19, 35, 42, 47, 55, 61, 72}
+
+func (i tokenType) String() string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= tokenType(len(_tokenType_index)-1) {
+		return "tokenType(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
+	}
+	return _tokenType_name[_tokenType_index[i]:_tokenType_index[i+1]]
+}

core/blockchain.go

@@ -337,17 +337,17 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	if err := bc.loadLastState(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available
+	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available, or log out
+	// if there is no available state, waiting for state sync.
 	head := bc.CurrentBlock()
 	if !bc.HasState(head.Root) {
 		if head.Number.Uint64() == 0 {
 			// The genesis state is missing, which is only possible in the path-based
-			// scheme. This situation occurs when the state syncer overwrites it.
+			// scheme. This situation occurs when the initial state sync is not finished
-			//
+			// yet, or the chain head is rewound below the pivot point. In both scenario,
-			// The solution is to reset the state to the genesis state. Although it may not
+			// there is no possible recovery approach except for rerunning a snap sync.
-			// match the sync target, the state healer will later address and correct any
+			// Do nothing here until the state syncer picks it up.
-			// inconsistencies.
+			log.Info("Genesis state is missing, wait state sync")
-			bc.resetState()
 		} else {
 			// Head state is missing, before the state recovery, find out the
 			// disk layer point of snapshot(if it's enabled). Make sure the
@@ -630,28 +630,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SetSafe(header *types.Header) {
 	}
 }
 
-// resetState resets the persistent state to genesis state if it's not present.
-func (bc *BlockChain) resetState() {
-	// Short circuit if the genesis state is already present.
-	root := bc.genesisBlock.Root()
-	if bc.HasState(root) {
-		return
-	}
-	// Reset the state database to empty for committing genesis state.
-	// Note, it should only happen in path-based scheme and Reset function
-	// is also only call-able in this mode.
-	if bc.triedb.Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
-		if err := bc.triedb.Reset(types.EmptyRootHash); err != nil {
-			log.Crit("Failed to clean state", "err", err) // Shouldn't happen
-		}
-	}
-	// Write genesis state into database.
-	if err := CommitGenesisState(bc.db, bc.triedb, bc.genesisBlock.Hash()); err != nil {
-		log.Crit("Failed to commit genesis state", "err", err)
-	}
-	log.Info("Reset state to genesis", "root", root)
-}
-
 // setHeadBeyondRoot rewinds the local chain to a new head with the extra condition
 // that the rewind must pass the specified state root. This method is meant to be
 // used when rewinding with snapshots enabled to ensure that we go back further than
@@ -687,7 +665,6 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 			if newHeadBlock == nil {
 				log.Error("Gap in the chain, rewinding to genesis", "number", header.Number, "hash", header.Hash())
 				newHeadBlock = bc.genesisBlock
-				bc.resetState()
 			} else {
 				// Block exists, keep rewinding until we find one with state,
 				// keeping rewinding until we exceed the optional threshold
@@ -715,16 +692,14 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 						}
 					}
 					if beyondRoot || newHeadBlock.NumberU64() == 0 {
-						if newHeadBlock.NumberU64() == 0 {
+						if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) && bc.stateRecoverable(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
-							bc.resetState()
-						} else if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
 							// Rewind to a block with recoverable state. If the state is
 							// missing, run the state recovery here.
 							if err := bc.triedb.Recover(newHeadBlock.Root()); err != nil {
 								log.Crit("Failed to rollback state", "err", err) // Shouldn't happen
 							}
-						}
 							log.Debug("Rewound to block with state", "number", newHeadBlock.NumberU64(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash())
+						}
 						break
 					}
 					log.Debug("Skipping block with threshold state", "number", newHeadBlock.NumberU64(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash(), "root", newHeadBlock.Root())
@@ -739,6 +714,15 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, time uint64, root common.Ha
 			// to low, so it's safe to update in-memory markers directly.
 			bc.currentBlock.Store(newHeadBlock.Header())
 			headBlockGauge.Update(int64(newHeadBlock.NumberU64()))
+
+			// The head state is missing, which is only possible in the path-based
+			// scheme. This situation occurs when the chain head is rewound below
+			// the pivot point. In this scenario, there is no possible recovery
+			// approach except for rerunning a snap sync. Do nothing here until the
+			// state syncer picks it up.
+			if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
+				log.Info("Chain is stateless, wait state sync", "number", newHeadBlock.Number(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash())
+			}
 		}
 		// Rewind the snap block in a simpleton way to the target head
 		if currentSnapBlock := bc.CurrentSnapBlock(); currentSnapBlock != nil && header.Number.Uint64() < currentSnapBlock.Number.Uint64() {
@@ -838,7 +822,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) SnapSyncCommitHead(hash common.Hash) error {
 	// Reset the trie database with the fresh snap synced state.
 	root := block.Root()
 	if bc.triedb.Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
-		if err := bc.triedb.Reset(root); err != nil {
+		if err := bc.triedb.Enable(root); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

core/bloombits/matcher.go

@@ -630,13 +630,16 @@ func (s *MatcherSession) Multiplex(batch int, wait time.Duration, mux chan chan
 			request <- &Retrieval{Bit: bit, Sections: sections, Context: s.ctx}
 
 			result := <-request
+
+			// Deliver a result before s.Close() to avoid a deadlock
+			s.deliverSections(result.Bit, result.Sections, result.Bitsets)
+
 			if result.Error != nil {
 				s.errLock.Lock()
 				s.err = result.Error
 				s.errLock.Unlock()
 				s.Close()
 			}
-			s.deliverSections(result.Bit, result.Sections, result.Bitsets)
 		}
 	}
 }

core/forkid/forkid_test.go

@@ -107,6 +107,16 @@ func TestCreation(t *testing.T) {
 				{1735372, 1677557088, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf7f9bc08), Next: 0}},          // First Shanghai block
 			},
 		},
+		// Holesky test cases
+		{
+			params.HoleskyChainConfig,
+			core.DefaultHoleskyGenesisBlock().ToBlock(),
+			[]testcase{
+				{0, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xc61a6098), Next: 1696000704}},   // Unsynced, last Frontier, Homestead, Tangerine, Spurious, Byzantium, Constantinople, Petersburg, Istanbul, Berlin, London, Paris block
+				{123, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xc61a6098), Next: 1696000704}}, // First MergeNetsplit block
+				{123, 1696000704, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xfd4f016b), Next: 0}}, // Last MergeNetsplit block
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	for i, tt := range tests {
 		for j, ttt := range tt.cases {

core/genesis.go

@@ -587,10 +587,9 @@ func DefaultHoleskyGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	return &Genesis{
 		Config:     params.HoleskyChainConfig,
 		Nonce:      0x1234,
-		ExtraData:  hexutil.MustDecode("0x686f77206d7563682069732074686520666973683f"),
 		GasLimit:   0x17d7840,
 		Difficulty: big.NewInt(0x01),
-		Timestamp:  1694786100,
+		Timestamp:  1695902100,
 		Alloc:      decodePrealloc(holeskyAllocData),
 	}
 }

core/rawdb/accessors_sync.go

@@ -76,3 +76,25 @@ func DeleteSkeletonHeader(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, number uint64) {
 		log.Crit("Failed to delete skeleton header", "err", err)
 	}
 }
+
+const (
+	StateSyncUnknown  = uint8(0) // flags the state snap sync is unknown
+	StateSyncRunning  = uint8(1) // flags the state snap sync is not completed yet
+	StateSyncFinished = uint8(2) // flags the state snap sync is completed
+)
+
+// ReadSnapSyncStatusFlag retrieves the state snap sync status flag.
+func ReadSnapSyncStatusFlag(db ethdb.KeyValueReader) uint8 {
+	blob, err := db.Get(snapSyncStatusFlagKey)
+	if err != nil || len(blob) != 1 {
+		return StateSyncUnknown
+	}
+	return blob[0]
+}
+
+// WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag stores the state snap sync status flag into database.
+func WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, flag uint8) {
+	if err := db.Put(snapSyncStatusFlagKey, []byte{flag}); err != nil {
+		log.Crit("Failed to store sync status flag", "err", err)
+	}
+}

core/rawdb/accessors_trie.go

@@ -89,6 +89,16 @@ func HasAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, path []byte, hash common.Hash)
 	return h.hash(data) == hash
 }
 
+// ExistsAccountTrieNode checks the presence of the account trie node with the
+// specified node path, regardless of the node hash.
+func ExistsAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, path []byte) bool {
+	has, err := db.Has(accountTrieNodeKey(path))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return has
+}
+
 // WriteAccountTrieNode writes the provided account trie node into database.
 func WriteAccountTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, path []byte, node []byte) {
 	if err := db.Put(accountTrieNodeKey(path), node); err != nil {
@@ -127,6 +137,16 @@ func HasStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, accountHash common.Hash, path [
 	return h.hash(data) == hash
 }
 
+// ExistsStorageTrieNode checks the presence of the storage trie node with the
+// specified account hash and node path, regardless of the node hash.
+func ExistsStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueReader, accountHash common.Hash, path []byte) bool {
+	has, err := db.Has(storageTrieNodeKey(accountHash, path))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return has
+}
+
 // WriteStorageTrieNode writes the provided storage trie node into database.
 func WriteStorageTrieNode(db ethdb.KeyValueWriter, accountHash common.Hash, path []byte, node []byte) {
 	if err := db.Put(storageTrieNodeKey(accountHash, path), node); err != nil {

core/rawdb/database.go

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func NewDatabaseWithFreezer(db ethdb.KeyValueStore, ancient string, namespace st
 							break
 						}
 					}
-					// We are about to exit on error. Print database metdata beore exiting
+					// We are about to exit on error. Print database metadata before exiting
 					printChainMetadata(db)
 					return nil, fmt.Errorf("gap in the chain between ancients [0 - #%d] and leveldb [#%d - #%d] ",
 						frozen-1, number, head)
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ func InspectDatabase(db ethdb.Database, keyPrefix, keyStart []byte) error {
 				lastPivotKey, fastTrieProgressKey, snapshotDisabledKey, SnapshotRootKey, snapshotJournalKey,
 				snapshotGeneratorKey, snapshotRecoveryKey, txIndexTailKey, fastTxLookupLimitKey,
 				uncleanShutdownKey, badBlockKey, transitionStatusKey, skeletonSyncStatusKey,
-				persistentStateIDKey, trieJournalKey, snapshotSyncStatusKey,
+				persistentStateIDKey, trieJournalKey, snapshotSyncStatusKey, snapSyncStatusFlagKey,
 			} {
 				if bytes.Equal(key, meta) {
 					metadata.Add(size)

core/rawdb/freezer.go

@@ -108,7 +108,11 @@ func NewFreezer(datadir string, namespace string, readonly bool, maxTableSize ui
 	// Leveldb uses LOCK as the filelock filename. To prevent the
 	// name collision, we use FLOCK as the lock name.
 	lock := flock.New(flockFile)
-	if locked, err := lock.TryLock(); err != nil {
+	tryLock := lock.TryLock
+	if readonly {
+		tryLock = lock.TryRLock
+	}
+	if locked, err := tryLock(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !locked {
 		return nil, errors.New("locking failed")

core/rawdb/freezer_table.go

@@ -212,6 +212,9 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 	}
 	// Ensure the index is a multiple of indexEntrySize bytes
 	if overflow := stat.Size() % indexEntrySize; overflow != 0 {
+		if t.readonly {
+			return fmt.Errorf("index file(path: %s, name: %s) size is not a multiple of %d", t.path, t.name, indexEntrySize)
+		}
 		truncateFreezerFile(t.index, stat.Size()-overflow) // New file can't trigger this path
 	}
 	// Retrieve the file sizes and prepare for truncation
@@ -270,6 +273,9 @@ func (t *freezerTable) repair() error {
 	// Keep truncating both files until they come in sync
 	contentExp = int64(lastIndex.offset)
 	for contentExp != contentSize {
+		if t.readonly {
+			return fmt.Errorf("freezer table(path: %s, name: %s, num: %d) is corrupted", t.path, t.name, lastIndex.filenum)
+		}
 		verbose = true
 		// Truncate the head file to the last offset pointer
 		if contentExp < contentSize {

core/rawdb/freezer_test.go

@@ -289,6 +289,57 @@ func TestFreezerReadonlyValidate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFreezerConcurrentReadonly(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tables := map[string]bool{"a": true}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	f, err := NewFreezer(dir, "", false, 2049, tables)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("can't open freezer", err)
+	}
+	var item = make([]byte, 1024)
+	batch := f.tables["a"].newBatch()
+	items := uint64(10)
+	for i := uint64(0); i < items; i++ {
+		require.NoError(t, batch.AppendRaw(i, item))
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, batch.commit())
+	if loaded := f.tables["a"].items.Load(); loaded != items {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected number of items in table, want: %d, have: %d", items, loaded)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, f.Close())
+
+	var (
+		wg   sync.WaitGroup
+		fs   = make([]*Freezer, 5)
+		errs = make([]error, 5)
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			f, err := NewFreezer(dir, "", true, 2049, tables)
+			if err == nil {
+				fs[i] = f
+			} else {
+				errs[i] = err
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i := range fs {
+		if err := errs[i]; err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("failed to open freezer", err)
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, fs[i].Close())
+	}
+}
+
 func newFreezerForTesting(t *testing.T, tables map[string]bool) (*Freezer, string) {
 	t.Helper()
 

core/rawdb/schema.go

@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ var (
 	// transitionStatusKey tracks the eth2 transition status.
 	transitionStatusKey = []byte("eth2-transition")
 
+	// snapSyncStatusFlagKey flags that status of snap sync.
+	snapSyncStatusFlagKey = []byte("SnapSyncStatus")
+
 	// Data item prefixes (use single byte to avoid mixing data types, avoid `i`, used for indexes).
 	headerPrefix       = []byte("h") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash -> header
 	headerTDSuffix     = []byte("t") // headerPrefix + num (uint64 big endian) + hash + headerTDSuffix -> td

core/state/snapshot/generate.go

@@ -446,6 +446,10 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) generateRange(ctx *generatorContext, trieId *trie.ID, prefi
 		internal += time.Since(istart)
 	}
 	if iter.Err != nil {
+		// Trie errors should never happen. Still, in case of a bug, expose the
+		// error here, as the outer code will presume errors are interrupts, not
+		// some deeper issues.
+		log.Error("State snapshotter failed to iterate trie", "err", err)
 		return false, nil, iter.Err
 	}
 	// Delete all stale snapshot states remaining

core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go

@@ -355,7 +355,13 @@ func (p *BlobPool) Init(gasTip *big.Int, head *types.Header, reserve txpool.Addr
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	// Initialize the state with head block, or fallback to empty one in
+	// case the head state is not available(might occur when node is not
+	// fully synced).
 	state, err := p.chain.StateAt(head.Root)
+	if err != nil {
+		state, err = p.chain.StateAt(types.EmptyRootHash)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/txpool/blobpool/evictheap.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ type evictHeap struct {
 	index map[common.Address]int // Indices into the heap for replacements
 }
 
-// newPriceHeap creates a new heap of cheapets accounts in the blob pool to evict
+// newPriceHeap creates a new heap of cheapest accounts in the blob pool to evict
 // from in case of over saturation.
 func newPriceHeap(basefee *uint256.Int, blobfee *uint256.Int, index *map[common.Address][]*blobTxMeta) *evictHeap {
 	heap := &evictHeap{

core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (l *limbo) push(tx *types.Transaction, block uint64) error {
 		return errors.New("already tracked blob transaction")
 	}
 	if err := l.setAndIndex(tx, block); err != nil {
-		log.Error("Failed to set and index liboed blobs", "tx", tx, "err", err)
+		log.Error("Failed to set and index limboed blobs", "tx", tx, "err", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func (l *limbo) update(txhash common.Hash, block uint64) {
 		log.Trace("Blob transaction unchanged in limbo", "tx", txhash, "block", block)
 		return
 	}
-	// Retrieve the old blobs from the data store and write tehm back with a new
+	// Retrieve the old blobs from the data store and write them back with a new
 	// block number. IF anything fails, there's not much to do, go on.
 	item, err := l.getAndDrop(id)
 	if err != nil {

core/txpool/blobpool/priority.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 var log2_1_125 = math.Log2(1.125)
 
 // evictionPriority calculates the eviction priority based on the algorithm
-// described in the BlobPool docs for a both fee components.
+// described in the BlobPool docs for both fee components.
 //
 // This method takes about 8ns on a very recent laptop CPU, recalculating about
 // 125 million transaction priority values per second.

core/txpool/errors.go

@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ var (
 	ErrOversizedData = errors.New("oversized data")
 
 	// ErrFutureReplacePending is returned if a future transaction replaces a pending
-	// transaction. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
+	// one. Future transactions should only be able to replace other future transactions.
 	ErrFutureReplacePending = errors.New("future transaction tries to replace pending")
 )

core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go

@@ -298,7 +298,20 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) Init(gasTip *big.Int, head *types.Header, reserve txpool
 
 	// Set the basic pool parameters
 	pool.gasTip.Store(gasTip)
-	pool.reset(nil, head)
+
+	// Initialize the state with head block, or fallback to empty one in
+	// case the head state is not available(might occur when node is not
+	// fully synced).
+	statedb, err := pool.chain.StateAt(head.Root)
+	if err != nil {
+		statedb, err = pool.chain.StateAt(types.EmptyRootHash)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pool.currentHead.Store(head)
+	pool.currentState = statedb
+	pool.pendingNonces = newNoncer(statedb)
 
 	// Start the reorg loop early, so it can handle requests generated during
 	// journal loading.
@@ -406,7 +419,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) Close() error {
 }
 
 // Reset implements txpool.SubPool, allowing the legacy pool's internal state to be
-// kept in sync with the main transacion pool's internal state.
+// kept in sync with the main transaction pool's internal state.
 func (pool *LegacyPool) Reset(oldHead, newHead *types.Header) {
 	wait := pool.requestReset(oldHead, newHead)
 	<-wait
@@ -637,7 +650,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) validateTx(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) error {
 // pending or queued one, it overwrites the previous transaction if its price is higher.
 //
 // If a newly added transaction is marked as local, its sending account will be
-// be added to the allowlist, preventing any associated transaction from being dropped
+// added to the allowlist, preventing any associated transaction from being dropped
 // out of the pool due to pricing constraints.
 func (pool *LegacyPool) add(tx *types.Transaction, local bool) (replaced bool, err error) {
 	// If the transaction is already known, discard it
@@ -901,7 +914,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) promoteTx(addr common.Address, hash common.Hash, tx *typ
 }
 
 // addLocals enqueues a batch of transactions into the pool if they are valid, marking the
-// senders as a local ones, ensuring they go around the local pricing constraints.
+// senders as local ones, ensuring they go around the local pricing constraints.
 //
 // This method is used to add transactions from the RPC API and performs synchronous pool
 // reorganization and event propagation.
@@ -943,7 +956,7 @@ func (pool *LegacyPool) addRemoteSync(tx *types.Transaction) error {
 }
 
 // Add enqueues a batch of transactions into the pool if they are valid. Depending
-// on the local flag, full pricing contraints will or will not be applied.
+// on the local flag, full pricing constraints will or will not be applied.
 //
 // If sync is set, the method will block until all internal maintenance related
 // to the add is finished. Only use this during tests for determinism!

core/txpool/txpool.go

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ type TxPool struct {
 	reservations map[common.Address]SubPool // Map with the account to pool reservations
 	reserveLock  sync.Mutex                 // Lock protecting the account reservations
 
-	subs event.SubscriptionScope // Subscription scope to unscubscribe all on shutdown
+	subs event.SubscriptionScope // Subscription scope to unsubscribe all on shutdown
 	quit chan chan error         // Quit channel to tear down the head updater
 }
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ func (p *TxPool) Locals() []common.Address {
 }
 
 // Status returns the known status (unknown/pending/queued) of a transaction
-// identified by their hashes.
+// identified by its hash.
 func (p *TxPool) Status(hash common.Hash) TxStatus {
 	for _, subpool := range p.subpools {
 		if status := subpool.Status(hash); status != TxStatusUnknown {

core/txpool/validation.go

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func ValidateTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, head *types.Header, signer types
 		if sidecar == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("missing sidecar in blob transaction")
 		}
-		// Ensure the number of items in the blob transaction and vairous side
+		// Ensure the number of items in the blob transaction and various side
 		// data match up before doing any expensive validations
 		hashes := tx.BlobHashes()
 		if len(hashes) == 0 {
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ type ValidationOptionsWithState struct {
 	// be rejected once the number of remaining slots reaches zero.
 	UsedAndLeftSlots func(addr common.Address) (int, int)
 
-	// ExistingExpenditure is a mandatory callback to retrieve the cummulative
+	// ExistingExpenditure is a mandatory callback to retrieve the cumulative
 	// cost of the already pooled transactions to check for overdrafts.
 	ExistingExpenditure func(addr common.Address) *big.Int
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func ValidateTransactionWithState(tx *types.Transaction, signer types.Signer, op
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: balance %v, queued cost %v, tx cost %v, overshot %v", core.ErrInsufficientFunds, balance, spent, cost, new(big.Int).Sub(need, balance))
 		}
 		// Transaction takes a new nonce value out of the pool. Ensure it doesn't
-		// overflow the number of permitted transactions from a single accoun
+		// overflow the number of permitted transactions from a single account
 		// (i.e. max cancellable via out-of-bound transaction).
 		if used, left := opts.UsedAndLeftSlots(from); left <= 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: pooled %d txs", ErrAccountLimitExceeded, used)

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -251,6 +251,7 @@ func opKeccak256(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) (
 	size.SetBytes(interpreter.hasherBuf[:])
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
 func opAddress(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(scope.Contract.Address().Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil
@@ -267,6 +268,7 @@ func opOrigin(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]b
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(interpreter.evm.Origin.Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil
 }
+
 func opCaller(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetBytes(scope.Contract.Caller().Bytes()))
 	return nil, nil

eth/api_backend.go

@@ -204,7 +204,10 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAndHeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, number rpc.B
 		return nil, nil, errors.New("header not found")
 	}
 	stateDb, err := b.eth.BlockChain().StateAt(header.Root)
-	return stateDb, header, err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return stateDb, header, nil
 }
 
 func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAndHeaderByNumberOrHash(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) (*state.StateDB, *types.Header, error) {
@@ -223,7 +226,10 @@ func (b *EthAPIBackend) StateAndHeaderByNumberOrHash(ctx context.Context, blockN
 			return nil, nil, errors.New("hash is not currently canonical")
 		}
 		stateDb, err := b.eth.BlockChain().StateAt(header.Root)
-		return stateDb, header, err
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return stateDb, header, nil
 	}
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid arguments; neither block nor hash specified")
 }

eth/backend.go

@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ func (s *Ethereum) shouldPreserve(header *types.Header) bool {
 	// r5   A      [X] F G
 	// r6    [X]
 	//
-	// In the round5, the inturn signer E is offline, so the worst case
+	// In the round5, the in-turn signer E is offline, so the worst case
 	// is A, F and G sign the block of round5 and reject the block of opponents
 	// and in the round6, the last available signer B is offline, the whole
 	// network is stuck.
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ func (s *Ethereum) Engine() consensus.Engine           { return s.engine }
 func (s *Ethereum) ChainDb() ethdb.Database            { return s.chainDb }
 func (s *Ethereum) IsListening() bool                  { return true } // Always listening
 func (s *Ethereum) Downloader() *downloader.Downloader { return s.handler.downloader }
-func (s *Ethereum) Synced() bool                       { return s.handler.acceptTxs.Load() }
+func (s *Ethereum) Synced() bool                       { return s.handler.synced.Load() }
 func (s *Ethereum) SetSynced()                         { s.handler.enableSyncedFeatures() }
 func (s *Ethereum) ArchiveMode() bool                  { return s.config.NoPruning }
 func (s *Ethereum) BloomIndexer() *core.ChainIndexer   { return s.bloomIndexer }

eth/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -403,7 +403,9 @@ func (d *Downloader) synchronise(id string, hash common.Hash, td, ttd *big.Int,
 		// subsequent state reads, explicitly disable the trie database and state
 		// syncer is responsible to address and correct any state missing.
 		if d.blockchain.TrieDB().Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
-			d.blockchain.TrieDB().Reset(types.EmptyRootHash)
+			if err := d.blockchain.TrieDB().Disable(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		}
 		// Snap sync uses the snapshot namespace to store potentially flaky data until
 		// sync completely heals and finishes. Pause snapshot maintenance in the mean-
@@ -1280,41 +1282,13 @@ func (d *Downloader) fetchReceipts(from uint64, beaconMode bool) error {
 // keeps processing and scheduling them into the header chain and downloader's
 // queue until the stream ends or a failure occurs.
 func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode bool) error {
-	// Keep a count of uncertain headers to roll back
 	var (
-		rollback    uint64 // Zero means no rollback (fine as you can't unroll the genesis)
-		rollbackErr error
 		mode       = d.getMode()
+		gotHeaders = false // Wait for batches of headers to process
 	)
-	defer func() {
-		if rollback > 0 {
-			lastHeader, lastFastBlock, lastBlock := d.lightchain.CurrentHeader().Number, common.Big0, common.Big0
-			if mode != LightSync {
-				lastFastBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentSnapBlock().Number
-				lastBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number
-			}
-			if err := d.lightchain.SetHead(rollback - 1); err != nil { // -1 to target the parent of the first uncertain block
-				// We're already unwinding the stack, only print the error to make it more visible
-				log.Error("Failed to roll back chain segment", "head", rollback-1, "err", err)
-			}
-			curFastBlock, curBlock := common.Big0, common.Big0
-			if mode != LightSync {
-				curFastBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentSnapBlock().Number
-				curBlock = d.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Number
-			}
-			log.Warn("Rolled back chain segment",
-				"header", fmt.Sprintf("%d->%d", lastHeader, d.lightchain.CurrentHeader().Number),
-				"snap", fmt.Sprintf("%d->%d", lastFastBlock, curFastBlock),
-				"block", fmt.Sprintf("%d->%d", lastBlock, curBlock), "reason", rollbackErr)
-		}
-	}()
-	// Wait for batches of headers to process
-	gotHeaders := false
-
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-d.cancelCh:
-			rollbackErr = errCanceled
 			return errCanceled
 
 		case task := <-d.headerProcCh:
@@ -1363,8 +1337,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 						}
 					}
 				}
-				// Disable any rollback and return
-				rollback = 0
 				return nil
 			}
 			// Otherwise split the chunk of headers into batches and process them
@@ -1375,7 +1347,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 				// Terminate if something failed in between processing chunks
 				select {
 				case <-d.cancelCh:
-					rollbackErr = errCanceled
 					return errCanceled
 				default:
 				}
@@ -1422,29 +1393,11 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 					}
 					if len(chunkHeaders) > 0 {
 						if n, err := d.lightchain.InsertHeaderChain(chunkHeaders); err != nil {
-							rollbackErr = err
-
-							// If some headers were inserted, track them as uncertain
-							if mode == SnapSync && n > 0 && rollback == 0 {
-								rollback = chunkHeaders[0].Number.Uint64()
-							}
 							log.Warn("Invalid header encountered", "number", chunkHeaders[n].Number, "hash", chunkHashes[n], "parent", chunkHeaders[n].ParentHash, "err", err)
 							return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errInvalidChain, err)
 						}
-						// All verifications passed, track all headers within the allowed limits
-						if mode == SnapSync {
-							head := chunkHeaders[len(chunkHeaders)-1].Number.Uint64()
-							if head-rollback > uint64(fsHeaderSafetyNet) {
-								rollback = head - uint64(fsHeaderSafetyNet)
-							} else {
-								rollback = 1
-							}
-						}
 					}
 					if len(rejected) != 0 {
-						// Merge threshold reached, stop importing, but don't roll back
-						rollback = 0
-
 						log.Info("Legacy sync reached merge threshold", "number", rejected[0].Number, "hash", rejected[0].Hash(), "td", td, "ttd", ttd)
 						return ErrMergeTransition
 					}
@@ -1455,7 +1408,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 					for d.queue.PendingBodies() >= maxQueuedHeaders || d.queue.PendingReceipts() >= maxQueuedHeaders {
 						select {
 						case <-d.cancelCh:
-							rollbackErr = errCanceled
 							return errCanceled
 						case <-time.After(time.Second):
 						}
@@ -1463,7 +1415,6 @@ func (d *Downloader) processHeaders(origin uint64, td, ttd *big.Int, beaconMode
 					// Otherwise insert the headers for content retrieval
 					inserts := d.queue.Schedule(chunkHeaders, chunkHashes, origin)
 					if len(inserts) != len(chunkHeaders) {
-						rollbackErr = fmt.Errorf("stale headers: len inserts %v len(chunk) %v", len(inserts), len(chunkHeaders))
 						return fmt.Errorf("%w: stale headers", errBadPeer)
 					}
 				}

eth/downloader/downloader_test.go

@@ -878,86 +878,6 @@ func testShiftedHeaderAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	assertOwnChain(t, tester, len(chain.blocks))
 }
 
-// Tests that upon detecting an invalid header, the recent ones are rolled back
-// for various failure scenarios. Afterwards a full sync is attempted to make
-// sure no state was corrupted.
-func TestInvalidHeaderRollback66Snap(t *testing.T) { testInvalidHeaderRollback(t, eth.ETH66, SnapSync) }
-func TestInvalidHeaderRollback67Snap(t *testing.T) { testInvalidHeaderRollback(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-
-func testInvalidHeaderRollback(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
-	tester := newTester(t)
-	defer tester.terminate()
-
-	// Create a small enough block chain to download
-	targetBlocks := 3*fsHeaderSafetyNet + 256 + fsMinFullBlocks
-	chain := testChainBase.shorten(targetBlocks)
-
-	// Attempt to sync with an attacker that feeds junk during the fast sync phase.
-	// This should result in the last fsHeaderSafetyNet headers being rolled back.
-	missing := fsHeaderSafetyNet + MaxHeaderFetch + 1
-
-	fastAttacker := tester.newPeer("fast-attack", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-	fastAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[missing].Hash()] = struct{}{}
-
-	if err := tester.sync("fast-attack", nil, mode); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("succeeded fast attacker synchronisation")
-	}
-	if head := tester.chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Int64(); int(head) > MaxHeaderFetch {
-		t.Errorf("rollback head mismatch: have %v, want at most %v", head, MaxHeaderFetch)
-	}
-	// Attempt to sync with an attacker that feeds junk during the block import phase.
-	// This should result in both the last fsHeaderSafetyNet number of headers being
-	// rolled back, and also the pivot point being reverted to a non-block status.
-	missing = 3*fsHeaderSafetyNet + MaxHeaderFetch + 1
-
-	blockAttacker := tester.newPeer("block-attack", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-	fastAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[missing].Hash()] = struct{}{} // Make sure the fast-attacker doesn't fill in
-	blockAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[missing].Hash()] = struct{}{}
-
-	if err := tester.sync("block-attack", nil, mode); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("succeeded block attacker synchronisation")
-	}
-	if head := tester.chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Int64(); int(head) > 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch {
-		t.Errorf("rollback head mismatch: have %v, want at most %v", head, 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch)
-	}
-	if mode == SnapSync {
-		if head := tester.chain.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64(); head != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("fast sync pivot block #%d not rolled back", head)
-		}
-	}
-	// Attempt to sync with an attacker that withholds promised blocks after the
-	// fast sync pivot point. This could be a trial to leave the node with a bad
-	// but already imported pivot block.
-	withholdAttacker := tester.newPeer("withhold-attack", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-
-	tester.downloader.syncInitHook = func(uint64, uint64) {
-		for i := missing; i < len(chain.blocks); i++ {
-			withholdAttacker.withholdHeaders[chain.blocks[i].Hash()] = struct{}{}
-		}
-		tester.downloader.syncInitHook = nil
-	}
-	if err := tester.sync("withhold-attack", nil, mode); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("succeeded withholding attacker synchronisation")
-	}
-	if head := tester.chain.CurrentHeader().Number.Int64(); int(head) > 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch {
-		t.Errorf("rollback head mismatch: have %v, want at most %v", head, 2*fsHeaderSafetyNet+MaxHeaderFetch)
-	}
-	if mode == SnapSync {
-		if head := tester.chain.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64(); head != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("fast sync pivot block #%d not rolled back", head)
-		}
-	}
-	// Synchronise with the valid peer and make sure sync succeeds. Since the last rollback
-	// should also disable fast syncing for this process, verify that we did a fresh full
-	// sync. Note, we can't assert anything about the receipts since we won't purge the
-	// database of them, hence we can't use assertOwnChain.
-	tester.newPeer("valid", protocol, chain.blocks[1:])
-	if err := tester.sync("valid", nil, mode); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to synchronise blocks: %v", err)
-	}
-	assertOwnChain(t, tester, len(chain.blocks))
-}
-
 // Tests that a peer advertising a high TD doesn't get to stall the downloader
 // afterwards by not sending any useful hashes.
 func TestHighTDStarvationAttack66Full(t *testing.T) {

eth/downloader/skeleton.go

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func (s *skeleton) sync(head *types.Header) (*types.Header, error) {
 	for _, peer := range s.peers.AllPeers() {
 		s.idles[peer.id] = peer
 	}
-	// Nofity any tester listening for startup events
+	// Notify any tester listening for startup events
 	if s.syncStarting != nil {
 		s.syncStarting()
 	}

eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher.go

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"time"
 
-	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set/v2"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/lru"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/mclock"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/txpool"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ const (
 	// re-request them.
 	maxTxUnderpricedSetSize = 32768
 
+	// maxTxUnderpricedTimeout is the max time a transaction should be stuck in the underpriced set.
+	maxTxUnderpricedTimeout = int64(5 * time.Minute)
+
 	// txArriveTimeout is the time allowance before an announced transaction is
 	// explicitly requested.
 	txArriveTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ type TxFetcher struct {
 	drop    chan *txDrop
 	quit    chan struct{}
 
-	underpriced mapset.Set[common.Hash] // Transactions discarded as too cheap (don't re-fetch)
+	underpriced *lru.Cache[common.Hash, int64] // Transactions discarded as too cheap (don't re-fetch)
 
 	// Stage 1: Waiting lists for newly discovered transactions that might be
 	// broadcast without needing explicit request/reply round trips.
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ func NewTxFetcherForTests(
 		fetching:    make(map[common.Hash]string),
 		requests:    make(map[string]*txRequest),
 		alternates:  make(map[common.Hash]map[string]struct{}),
-		underpriced: mapset.NewSet[common.Hash](),
+		underpriced: lru.NewCache[common.Hash, int64](maxTxUnderpricedSetSize),
 		hasTx:       hasTx,
 		addTxs:      addTxs,
 		fetchTxs:    fetchTxs,
@@ -224,16 +227,15 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Notify(peer string, hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	// loop, so anything caught here is time saved internally.
 	var (
 		unknowns    = make([]common.Hash, 0, len(hashes))
-		duplicate, underpriced int64
+		duplicate   int64
+		underpriced int64
 	)
 	for _, hash := range hashes {
 		switch {
 		case f.hasTx(hash):
 			duplicate++
-
+		case f.isKnownUnderpriced(hash):
-		case f.underpriced.Contains(hash):
 			underpriced++
-
 		default:
 			unknowns = append(unknowns, hash)
 		}
@@ -245,10 +247,7 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Notify(peer string, hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	if len(unknowns) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
-	announce := &txAnnounce{
+	announce := &txAnnounce{origin: peer, hashes: unknowns}
-		origin: peer,
-		hashes: unknowns,
-	}
 	select {
 	case f.notify <- announce:
 		return nil
@@ -257,6 +256,16 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Notify(peer string, hashes []common.Hash) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// isKnownUnderpriced reports whether a transaction hash was recently found to be underpriced.
+func (f *TxFetcher) isKnownUnderpriced(hash common.Hash) bool {
+	prevTime, ok := f.underpriced.Peek(hash)
+	if ok && prevTime+maxTxUnderpricedTimeout < time.Now().Unix() {
+		f.underpriced.Remove(hash)
+		return false
+	}
+	return ok
+}
+
 // Enqueue imports a batch of received transaction into the transaction pool
 // and the fetcher. This method may be called by both transaction broadcasts and
 // direct request replies. The differentiation is important so the fetcher can
@@ -300,10 +309,7 @@ func (f *TxFetcher) Enqueue(peer string, txs []*types.Transaction, direct bool)
 			// Avoid re-request this transaction when we receive another
 			// announcement.
 			if errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrUnderpriced) || errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrReplaceUnderpriced) {
-				for f.underpriced.Cardinality() >= maxTxUnderpricedSetSize {
+				f.underpriced.Add(batch[j].Hash(), batch[j].Time().Unix())
-					f.underpriced.Pop()
-				}
-				f.underpriced.Add(batch[j].Hash())
 			}
 			// Track a few interesting failure types
 			switch {

eth/fetcher/tx_fetcher_test.go

@@ -1509,8 +1509,8 @@ func testTransactionFetcher(t *testing.T, tt txFetcherTest) {
 			}
 
 		case isUnderpriced:
-			if fetcher.underpriced.Cardinality() != int(step) {
+			if fetcher.underpriced.Len() != int(step) {
-				t.Errorf("step %d: underpriced set size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, fetcher.underpriced.Cardinality(), step)
+				t.Errorf("step %d: underpriced set size mismatch: have %d, want %d", i, fetcher.underpriced.Len(), step)
 			}
 
 		default:

eth/handler.go

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ type handler struct {
 	forkFilter forkid.Filter // Fork ID filter, constant across the lifetime of the node
 
 	snapSync atomic.Bool // Flag whether snap sync is enabled (gets disabled if we already have blocks)
-	acceptTxs atomic.Bool // Flag whether we're considered synchronised (enables transaction processing)
+	synced   atomic.Bool // Flag whether we're considered synchronised (enables transaction processing)
 
 	database ethdb.Database
 	txpool   txPool
@@ -163,32 +163,24 @@ func newHandler(config *handlerConfig) (*handler, error) {
 		fullBlock, snapBlock := h.chain.CurrentBlock(), h.chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
 		if fullBlock.Number.Uint64() == 0 && snapBlock.Number.Uint64() > 0 {
 			h.snapSync.Store(true)
-			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from full sync to snap sync")
+			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from full sync to snap sync", "reason", "snap sync incomplete")
+		} else if !h.chain.HasState(fullBlock.Root) {
+			h.snapSync.Store(true)
+			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from full sync to snap sync", "reason", "head state missing")
 		}
 	} else {
-		if h.chain.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64() > 0 {
+		head := h.chain.CurrentBlock()
+		if head.Number.Uint64() > 0 && h.chain.HasState(head.Root) {
 			// Print warning log if database is not empty to run snap sync.
-			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from snap sync to full sync")
+			log.Warn("Switch sync mode from snap sync to full sync", "reason", "snap sync complete")
 		} else {
 			// If snap sync was requested and our database is empty, grant it
 			h.snapSync.Store(true)
+			log.Info("Enabled snap sync", "head", head.Number, "hash", head.Hash())
 		}
 	}
-	// If sync succeeds, pass a callback to potentially disable snap sync mode
-	// and enable transaction propagation.
-	success := func() {
-		// If we were running snap sync and it finished, disable doing another
-		// round on next sync cycle
-		if h.snapSync.Load() {
-			log.Info("Snap sync complete, auto disabling")
-			h.snapSync.Store(false)
-		}
-		// If we've successfully finished a sync cycle, accept transactions from
-		// the network
-		h.enableSyncedFeatures()
-	}
 	// Construct the downloader (long sync)
-	h.downloader = downloader.New(config.Database, h.eventMux, h.chain, nil, h.removePeer, success)
+	h.downloader = downloader.New(config.Database, h.eventMux, h.chain, nil, h.removePeer, h.enableSyncedFeatures)
 	if ttd := h.chain.Config().TerminalTotalDifficulty; ttd != nil {
 		if h.chain.Config().TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed {
 			log.Info("Chain post-merge, sync via beacon client")
@@ -245,8 +237,8 @@ func newHandler(config *handlerConfig) (*handler, error) {
 		// accept each others' blocks until a restart. Unfortunately we haven't figured
 		// out a way yet where nodes can decide unilaterally whether the network is new
 		// or not. This should be fixed if we figure out a solution.
-		if h.snapSync.Load() {
+		if !h.synced.Load() {
-			log.Warn("Snap syncing, discarded propagated block", "number", blocks[0].Number(), "hash", blocks[0].Hash())
+			log.Warn("Syncing, discarded propagated block", "number", blocks[0].Number(), "hash", blocks[0].Hash())
 			return 0, nil
 		}
 		if h.merger.TDDReached() {
@@ -272,11 +264,7 @@ func newHandler(config *handlerConfig) (*handler, error) {
 			}
 			return 0, nil
 		}
-		n, err := h.chain.InsertChain(blocks)
+		return h.chain.InsertChain(blocks)
-		if err == nil {
-			h.enableSyncedFeatures() // Mark initial sync done on any fetcher import
-		}
-		return n, err
 	}
 	h.blockFetcher = fetcher.NewBlockFetcher(false, nil, h.chain.GetBlockByHash, validator, h.BroadcastBlock, heighter, nil, inserter, h.removePeer)
 
@@ -680,7 +668,15 @@ func (h *handler) txBroadcastLoop() {
 // enableSyncedFeatures enables the post-sync functionalities when the initial
 // sync is finished.
 func (h *handler) enableSyncedFeatures() {
-	h.acceptTxs.Store(true)
+	// Mark the local node as synced.
+	h.synced.Store(true)
+
+	// If we were running snap sync and it finished, disable doing another
+	// round on next sync cycle
+	if h.snapSync.Load() {
+		log.Info("Snap sync complete, auto disabling")
+		h.snapSync.Store(false)
+	}
 	if h.chain.TrieDB().Scheme() == rawdb.PathScheme {
 		h.chain.TrieDB().SetBufferSize(pathdb.DefaultBufferSize)
 	}

eth/handler_eth.go

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func (h *ethHandler) PeerInfo(id enode.ID) interface{} {
 // AcceptTxs retrieves whether transaction processing is enabled on the node
 // or if inbound transactions should simply be dropped.
 func (h *ethHandler) AcceptTxs() bool {
-	return h.acceptTxs.Load()
+	return h.synced.Load()
 }
 
 // Handle is invoked from a peer's message handler when it receives a new remote

eth/handler_eth_test.go

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ func testRecvTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 	handler := newTestHandler()
 	defer handler.close()
 
-	handler.handler.acceptTxs.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
+	handler.handler.synced.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
 
 	txs := make(chan core.NewTxsEvent)
 	sub := handler.txpool.SubscribeNewTxsEvent(txs)
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ func testTransactionPropagation(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 		sinks[i] = newTestHandler()
 		defer sinks[i].close()
 
-		sinks[i].handler.acceptTxs.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
+		sinks[i].handler.synced.Store(true) // mark synced to accept transactions
 	}
 	// Interconnect all the sink handlers with the source handler
 	for i, sink := range sinks {

eth/sync.go

@@ -197,16 +197,25 @@ func (cs *chainSyncer) modeAndLocalHead() (downloader.SyncMode, *big.Int) {
 		return downloader.SnapSync, td
 	}
 	// We are probably in full sync, but we might have rewound to before the
-	// snap sync pivot, check if we should reenable
+	// snap sync pivot, check if we should re-enable snap sync.
+	head := cs.handler.chain.CurrentBlock()
 	if pivot := rawdb.ReadLastPivotNumber(cs.handler.database); pivot != nil {
-		if head := cs.handler.chain.CurrentBlock(); head.Number.Uint64() < *pivot {
+		if head.Number.Uint64() < *pivot {
 			block := cs.handler.chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
 			td := cs.handler.chain.GetTd(block.Hash(), block.Number.Uint64())
 			return downloader.SnapSync, td
 		}
 	}
+	// We are in a full sync, but the associated head state is missing. To complete
+	// the head state, forcefully rerun the snap sync. Note it doesn't mean the
+	// persistent state is corrupted, just mismatch with the head block.
+	if !cs.handler.chain.HasState(head.Root) {
+		block := cs.handler.chain.CurrentSnapBlock()
+		td := cs.handler.chain.GetTd(block.Hash(), block.Number.Uint64())
+		log.Info("Reenabled snap sync as chain is stateless")
+		return downloader.SnapSync, td
+	}
 	// Nope, we're really full syncing
-	head := cs.handler.chain.CurrentBlock()
 	td := cs.handler.chain.GetTd(head.Hash(), head.Number.Uint64())
 	return downloader.FullSync, td
 }
@@ -242,13 +251,7 @@ func (h *handler) doSync(op *chainSyncOp) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if h.snapSync.Load() {
+	h.enableSyncedFeatures()
-		log.Info("Snap sync complete, auto disabling")
-		h.snapSync.Store(false)
-	}
-	// If we've successfully finished a sync cycle, enable accepting transactions
-	// from the network.
-	h.acceptTxs.Store(true)
 
 	head := h.chain.CurrentBlock()
 	if head.Number.Uint64() > 0 {

ethclient/ethclient.go

@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ func (ec *Client) PeerCount(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error) {
 	return uint64(result), err
 }
 
-// BlockReceipts returns the receipts of a given block number or hash
+// BlockReceipts returns the receipts of a given block number or hash.
 func (ec *Client) BlockReceipts(ctx context.Context, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash) ([]*types.Receipt, error) {
 	var r []*types.Receipt
-	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlockReceipts", blockNrOrHash)
+	err := ec.c.CallContext(ctx, &r, "eth_getBlockReceipts", blockNrOrHash.String())
 	if err == nil && r == nil {
 		return nil, ethereum.NotFound
 	}

go.mod

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp v1.0.2
 	github.com/jedisct1/go-minisign v0.0.0-20230811132847-661be99b8267
 	github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0
-	github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.3-0.20230711191512-61db3e06439c
+	github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.2
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16

go.sum

@@ -362,8 +362,8 @@ github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7V
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0 h1:U0609e9tgbseu3rBINet9P48AI/D3oJs4dN7jwJOQ1U=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JR6WtHb+2LUe8TCKY3cZOxFyyO8IZAc4RVcycCCAKdM=
 github.com/k0kubun/colorstring v0.0.0-20150214042306-9440f1994b88/go.mod h1:3w7q1U84EfirKl04SVQ/s7nPm1ZPhiXd34z40TNz36k=
-github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.3-0.20230711191512-61db3e06439c h1:AqsttAyEyIEsNz5WLRwuRwjiT5CMDUfLk6cFJDVPebs=
+github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.2 h1:M6QQBNxF+CQ8OFvxrT90BA0qBOXymndZnk5q235mFc4=
-github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.3-0.20230711191512-61db3e06439c/go.mod h1:Od972xHfMJowv7NGVDiWVxk2zxnWgjLlJzE+F4F7AGU=
+github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.2/go.mod h1:Od972xHfMJowv7NGVDiWVxk2zxnWgjLlJzE+F4F7AGU=
 github.com/kataras/golog v0.0.9/go.mod h1:12HJgwBIZFNGL0EJnMRhmvGA0PQGx8VFwrZtM4CqbAk=
 github.com/kataras/iris/v12 v12.0.1/go.mod h1:udK4vLQKkdDqMGJJVd/msuMtN6hpYJhg/lSzuxjhO+U=
 github.com/kataras/neffos v0.0.10/go.mod h1:ZYmJC07hQPW67eKuzlfY7SO3bC0mw83A3j6im82hfqw=

internal/debug/flags.go

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ var (
 	logRotateFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:     "log.rotate",
 		Usage:    "Enables log file rotation",
+		Category: flags.LoggingCategory,
 	}
 	logMaxSizeMBsFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
 		Name:     "log.maxsize",

internal/ethapi/api.go

@@ -1158,8 +1158,12 @@ func (e *revertError) ErrorData() interface{} {
 //
 // Note, this function doesn't make and changes in the state/blockchain and is
 // useful to execute and retrieve values.
-func (s *BlockChainAPI) Call(ctx context.Context, args TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash rpc.BlockNumberOrHash, overrides *StateOverride, blockOverrides *BlockOverrides) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
+func (s *BlockChainAPI) Call(ctx context.Context, args TransactionArgs, blockNrOrHash *rpc.BlockNumberOrHash, overrides *StateOverride, blockOverrides *BlockOverrides) (hexutil.Bytes, error) {
-	result, err := DoCall(ctx, s.b, args, blockNrOrHash, overrides, blockOverrides, s.b.RPCEVMTimeout(), s.b.RPCGasCap())
+	if blockNrOrHash == nil {
+		latest := rpc.BlockNumberOrHashWithNumber(rpc.LatestBlockNumber)
+		blockNrOrHash = &latest
+	}
+	result, err := DoCall(ctx, s.b, args, *blockNrOrHash, overrides, blockOverrides, s.b.RPCEVMTimeout(), s.b.RPCGasCap())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

internal/ethapi/api_test.go

@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ func TestCall(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for i, tc := range testSuite {
-		result, err := api.Call(context.Background(), tc.call, rpc.BlockNumberOrHash{BlockNumber: &tc.blockNumber}, &tc.overrides, &tc.blockOverrides)
+		result, err := api.Call(context.Background(), tc.call, &rpc.BlockNumberOrHash{BlockNumber: &tc.blockNumber}, &tc.overrides, &tc.blockOverrides)
 		if tc.expectErr != nil {
 			if err == nil {
 				t.Errorf("test %d: want error %v, have nothing", i, tc.expectErr)

miner/miner_test.go

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func (m *mockBackend) StateAtBlock(block *types.Block, reexec uint64, base *stat
 }
 
 type testBlockChain struct {
+	root          common.Hash
 	config        *params.ChainConfig
 	statedb       *state.StateDB
 	gasLimit      uint64
@@ -89,6 +90,10 @@ func (bc *testBlockChain) StateAt(common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
 	return bc.statedb, nil
 }
 
+func (bc *testBlockChain) HasState(root common.Hash) bool {
+	return bc.root == root
+}
+
 func (bc *testBlockChain) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
 	return bc.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch)
 }
@@ -302,7 +307,7 @@ func createMiner(t *testing.T) (*Miner, *event.TypeMux, func(skipMiner bool)) {
 		t.Fatalf("can't create new chain %v", err)
 	}
 	statedb, _ := state.New(bc.Genesis().Root(), bc.StateCache(), nil)
-	blockchain := &testBlockChain{chainConfig, statedb, 10000000, new(event.Feed)}
+	blockchain := &testBlockChain{bc.Genesis().Root(), chainConfig, statedb, 10000000, new(event.Feed)}
 
 	pool := legacypool.New(testTxPoolConfig, blockchain)
 	txpool, _ := txpool.New(new(big.Int).SetUint64(testTxPoolConfig.PriceLimit), blockchain, []txpool.SubPool{pool})

params/config.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 // Genesis hashes to enforce below configs on.
 var (
 	MainnetGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3")
-	HoleskyGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xff9006519a8ce843ac9c28549d24211420b546e12ce2d170c77a8cca7964f23d")
+	HoleskyGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xb5f7f912443c940f21fd611f12828d75b534364ed9e95ca4e307729a4661bde4")
 	SepoliaGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0x25a5cc106eea7138acab33231d7160d69cb777ee0c2c553fcddf5138993e6dd9")
 	GoerliGenesisHash  = common.HexToHash("0xbf7e331f7f7c1dd2e05159666b3bf8bc7a8a3a9eb1d518969eab529dd9b88c1a")
 )
@@ -80,8 +80,7 @@ var (
 		TerminalTotalDifficulty:       big.NewInt(0),
 		TerminalTotalDifficultyPassed: true,
 		MergeNetsplitBlock:            nil,
-		ShanghaiTime:                  newUint64(1694790240),
+		ShanghaiTime:                  newUint64(1696000704),
-		CancunTime:                    newUint64(2000000000),
 		Ethash:                        new(EthashConfig),
 	}
 	// SepoliaChainConfig contains the chain parameters to run a node on the Sepolia test network.

params/version.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	VersionMajor = 1        // Major version component of the current release
 	VersionMinor = 13       // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 1        // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 2        // Patch version component of the current release
 	VersionMeta  = "stable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )
 

trie/database.go

@@ -189,6 +189,15 @@ func (db *Database) WritePreimages() {
 	}
 }
 
+// Preimage retrieves a cached trie node pre-image from memory. If it cannot be
+// found cached, the method queries the persistent database for the content.
+func (db *Database) Preimage(hash common.Hash) []byte {
+	if db.preimages == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return db.preimages.preimage(hash)
+}
+
 // Cap iteratively flushes old but still referenced trie nodes until the total
 // memory usage goes below the given threshold. The held pre-images accumulated
 // up to this point will be flushed in case the size exceeds the threshold.
@@ -264,15 +273,27 @@ func (db *Database) Recoverable(root common.Hash) (bool, error) {
 	return pdb.Recoverable(root), nil
 }
 
-// Reset wipes all available journal from the persistent database and discard
+// Disable deactivates the database and invalidates all available state layers
-// all caches and diff layers. Using the given root to create a new disk layer.
+// as stale to prevent access to the persistent state, which is in the syncing
+// stage.
+//
 // It's only supported by path-based database and will return an error for others.
-func (db *Database) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
+func (db *Database) Disable() error {
 	pdb, ok := db.backend.(*pathdb.Database)
 	if !ok {
 		return errors.New("not supported")
 	}
-	return pdb.Reset(root)
+	return pdb.Disable()
+}
+
+// Enable activates database and resets the state tree with the provided persistent
+// state root once the state sync is finished.
+func (db *Database) Enable(root common.Hash) error {
+	pdb, ok := db.backend.(*pathdb.Database)
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("not supported")
+	}
+	return pdb.Enable(root)
 }
 
 // Journal commits an entire diff hierarchy to disk into a single journal entry.

trie/sync.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 )
 
 // ErrNotRequested is returned by the trie sync when it's requested to process a
@@ -42,6 +43,16 @@ var ErrAlreadyProcessed = errors.New("already processed")
 // memory if the node was configured with a significant number of peers.
 const maxFetchesPerDepth = 16384
 
+var (
+	// deletionGauge is the metric to track how many trie node deletions
+	// are performed in total during the sync process.
+	deletionGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("trie/sync/delete", nil)
+
+	// lookupGauge is the metric to track how many trie node lookups are
+	// performed to determine if node needs to be deleted.
+	lookupGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("trie/sync/lookup", nil)
+)
+
 // SyncPath is a path tuple identifying a particular trie node either in a single
 // trie (account) or a layered trie (account -> storage).
 //
@@ -96,6 +107,7 @@ type nodeRequest struct {
 	hash    common.Hash // Hash of the trie node to retrieve
 	path    []byte      // Merkle path leading to this node for prioritization
 	data    []byte      // Data content of the node, cached until all subtrees complete
+	deletes [][]byte    // List of internal path segments for trie nodes to delete
 
 	parent   *nodeRequest // Parent state node referencing this entry
 	deps     int          // Number of dependencies before allowed to commit this node
@@ -127,6 +139,7 @@ type CodeSyncResult struct {
 type syncMemBatch struct {
 	nodes   map[string][]byte      // In-memory membatch of recently completed nodes
 	hashes  map[string]common.Hash // Hashes of recently completed nodes
+	deletes map[string]struct{}    // List of paths for trie node to delete
 	codes   map[common.Hash][]byte // In-memory membatch of recently completed codes
 	size    uint64                 // Estimated batch-size of in-memory data.
 }
@@ -136,6 +149,7 @@ func newSyncMemBatch() *syncMemBatch {
 	return &syncMemBatch{
 		nodes:   make(map[string][]byte),
 		hashes:  make(map[string]common.Hash),
+		deletes: make(map[string]struct{}),
 		codes:   make(map[common.Hash][]byte),
 	}
 }
@@ -347,16 +361,23 @@ func (s *Sync) ProcessNode(result NodeSyncResult) error {
 // Commit flushes the data stored in the internal membatch out to persistent
 // storage, returning any occurred error.
 func (s *Sync) Commit(dbw ethdb.Batch) error {
-	// Dump the membatch into a database dbw
+	// Flush the pending node writes into database batch.
 	for path, value := range s.membatch.nodes {
 		owner, inner := ResolvePath([]byte(path))
 		rawdb.WriteTrieNode(dbw, owner, inner, s.membatch.hashes[path], value, s.scheme)
 	}
+	// Flush the pending node deletes into the database batch.
+	// Please note that each written and deleted node has a
+	// unique path, ensuring no duplication occurs.
+	for path := range s.membatch.deletes {
+		owner, inner := ResolvePath([]byte(path))
+		rawdb.DeleteTrieNode(dbw, owner, inner, common.Hash{} /* unused */, s.scheme)
+	}
+	// Flush the pending code writes into database batch.
 	for hash, value := range s.membatch.codes {
 		rawdb.WriteCode(dbw, hash, value)
 	}
-	// Drop the membatch data and return
+	s.membatch = newSyncMemBatch() // reset the batch
-	s.membatch = newSyncMemBatch()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -425,6 +446,39 @@ func (s *Sync) children(req *nodeRequest, object node) ([]*nodeRequest, error) {
 			node: node.Val,
 			path: append(append([]byte(nil), req.path...), key...),
 		}}
+		// Mark all internal nodes between shortNode and its **in disk**
+		// child as invalid. This is essential in the case of path mode
+		// scheme; otherwise, state healing might overwrite existing child
+		// nodes silently while leaving a dangling parent node within the
+		// range of this internal path on disk. This would break the
+		// guarantee for state healing.
+		//
+		// While it's possible for this shortNode to overwrite a previously
+		// existing full node, the other branches of the fullNode can be
+		// retained as they remain untouched and complete.
+		//
+		// This step is only necessary for path mode, as there is no deletion
+		// in hash mode at all.
+		if _, ok := node.Val.(hashNode); ok && s.scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
+			owner, inner := ResolvePath(req.path)
+			for i := 1; i < len(key); i++ {
+				// While checking for a non-existent item in Pebble can be less efficient
+				// without a bloom filter, the relatively low frequency of lookups makes
+				// the performance impact negligible.
+				var exists bool
+				if owner == (common.Hash{}) {
+					exists = rawdb.ExistsAccountTrieNode(s.database, append(inner, key[:i]...))
+				} else {
+					exists = rawdb.ExistsStorageTrieNode(s.database, owner, append(inner, key[:i]...))
+				}
+				if exists {
+					req.deletes = append(req.deletes, key[:i])
+					deletionGauge.Inc(1)
+					log.Debug("Detected dangling node", "owner", owner, "path", append(inner, key[:i]...))
+				}
+			}
+			lookupGauge.Inc(int64(len(key) - 1))
+		}
 	case *fullNode:
 		for i := 0; i < 17; i++ {
 			if node.Children[i] != nil {
@@ -509,10 +563,19 @@ func (s *Sync) commitNodeRequest(req *nodeRequest) error {
 	// Write the node content to the membatch
 	s.membatch.nodes[string(req.path)] = req.data
 	s.membatch.hashes[string(req.path)] = req.hash
+
 	// The size tracking refers to the db-batch, not the in-memory data.
-	// Therefore, we ignore the req.path, and account only for the hash+data
+	if s.scheme == rawdb.PathScheme {
-	// which eventually is written to db.
+		s.membatch.size += uint64(len(req.path) + len(req.data))
+	} else {
 		s.membatch.size += common.HashLength + uint64(len(req.data))
+	}
+	// Delete the internal nodes which are marked as invalid
+	for _, segment := range req.deletes {
+		path := append(req.path, segment...)
+		s.membatch.deletes[string(path)] = struct{}{}
+		s.membatch.size += uint64(len(path))
+	}
 	delete(s.nodeReqs, string(req.path))
 	s.fetches[len(req.path)]--
 

trie/sync_test.go

@@ -70,31 +70,53 @@ func makeTestTrie(scheme string) (ethdb.Database, *Database, *StateTrie, map[str
 
 // checkTrieContents cross references a reconstructed trie with an expected data
 // content map.
-func checkTrieContents(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root []byte, content map[string][]byte) {
+func checkTrieContents(t *testing.T, db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root []byte, content map[string][]byte, rawTrie bool) {
 	// Check root availability and trie contents
 	ndb := newTestDatabase(db, scheme)
+	if err := checkTrieConsistency(db, scheme, common.BytesToHash(root), rawTrie); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("inconsistent trie at %x: %v", root, err)
+	}
+	type reader interface {
+		MustGet(key []byte) []byte
+	}
+	var r reader
+	if rawTrie {
+		trie, err := New(TrieID(common.BytesToHash(root)), ndb)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to create trie at %x: %v", root, err)
+		}
+		r = trie
+	} else {
 		trie, err := NewStateTrie(TrieID(common.BytesToHash(root)), ndb)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("failed to create trie at %x: %v", root, err)
 		}
-	if err := checkTrieConsistency(db, scheme, common.BytesToHash(root)); err != nil {
+		r = trie
-		t.Fatalf("inconsistent trie at %x: %v", root, err)
 	}
 	for key, val := range content {
-		if have := trie.MustGet([]byte(key)); !bytes.Equal(have, val) {
+		if have := r.MustGet([]byte(key)); !bytes.Equal(have, val) {
 			t.Errorf("entry %x: content mismatch: have %x, want %x", key, have, val)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // checkTrieConsistency checks that all nodes in a trie are indeed present.
-func checkTrieConsistency(db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root common.Hash) error {
+func checkTrieConsistency(db ethdb.Database, scheme string, root common.Hash, rawTrie bool) error {
 	ndb := newTestDatabase(db, scheme)
+	var it NodeIterator
+	if rawTrie {
+		trie, err := New(TrieID(root), ndb)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent
+		}
+		it = trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
+	} else {
 		trie, err := NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), ndb)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil // Consider a non existent state consistent
 		}
-	it := trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
+		it = trie.MustNodeIterator(nil)
+	}
 	for it.Next(true) {
 	}
 	return it.Error()
@@ -205,7 +227,7 @@ func testIterativeSync(t *testing.T, count int, bypath bool, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that the trie scheduler can correctly reconstruct the state even if only
@@ -271,7 +293,7 @@ func testIterativeDelayedSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that given a root hash, a trie can sync iteratively on a single thread,
@@ -341,7 +363,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomSync(t *testing.T, count int, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that the trie scheduler can correctly reconstruct the state even if only
@@ -413,7 +435,7 @@ func testIterativeRandomDelayedSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that a trie sync will not request nodes multiple times, even if they
@@ -484,7 +506,7 @@ func testDuplicateAvoidanceSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 }
 
 // Tests that at any point in time during a sync, only complete sub-tries are in
@@ -569,7 +591,7 @@ func testIncompleteSync(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		nodeHash := addedHashes[i]
 		value := rawdb.ReadTrieNode(diskdb, owner, inner, nodeHash, scheme)
 		rawdb.DeleteTrieNode(diskdb, owner, inner, nodeHash, scheme)
-		if err := checkTrieConsistency(diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), root); err == nil {
+		if err := checkTrieConsistency(diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), root, false); err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("trie inconsistency not caught, missing: %x", path)
 		}
 		rawdb.WriteTrieNode(diskdb, owner, inner, nodeHash, value, scheme)
@@ -643,7 +665,7 @@ func testSyncOrdering(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Cross check that the two tries are in sync
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 
 	// Check that the trie nodes have been requested path-ordered
 	for i := 0; i < len(reqs)-1; i++ {
@@ -664,7 +686,7 @@ func syncWith(t *testing.T, root common.Hash, db ethdb.Database, srcDb *Database
 
 	// The code requests are ignored here since there is no code
 	// at the testing trie.
-	paths, nodes, _ := sched.Missing(1)
+	paths, nodes, _ := sched.Missing(0)
 	var elements []trieElement
 	for i := 0; i < len(paths); i++ {
 		elements = append(elements, trieElement{
@@ -698,7 +720,7 @@ func syncWith(t *testing.T, root common.Hash, db ethdb.Database, srcDb *Database
 		}
 		batch.Write()
 
-		paths, nodes, _ = sched.Missing(1)
+		paths, nodes, _ = sched.Missing(0)
 		elements = elements[:0]
 		for i := 0; i < len(paths); i++ {
 			elements = append(elements, trieElement{
@@ -724,7 +746,7 @@ func testSyncMovingTarget(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	// Create a destination trie and sync with the scheduler
 	diskdb := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	syncWith(t, srcTrie.Hash(), diskdb, srcDb)
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), srcData, false)
 
 	// Push more modifications into the src trie, to see if dest trie can still
 	// sync with it(overwrite stale states)
@@ -748,7 +770,7 @@ func testSyncMovingTarget(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	srcTrie, _ = NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), srcDb)
 
 	syncWith(t, srcTrie.Hash(), diskdb, srcDb)
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), diff)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), diff, false)
 
 	// Revert added modifications from the src trie, to see if dest trie can still
 	// sync with it(overwrite reverted states)
@@ -772,5 +794,98 @@ func testSyncMovingTarget(t *testing.T, scheme string) {
 	srcTrie, _ = NewStateTrie(TrieID(root), srcDb)
 
 	syncWith(t, srcTrie.Hash(), diskdb, srcDb)
-	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), reverted)
+	checkTrieContents(t, diskdb, srcDb.Scheme(), srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), reverted, false)
+}
+
+// Tests if state syncer can correctly catch up the pivot move.
+func TestPivotMove(t *testing.T) {
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.HashScheme, true)
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.HashScheme, false)
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.PathScheme, true)
+	testPivotMove(t, rawdb.PathScheme, false)
+}
+
+func testPivotMove(t *testing.T, scheme string, tiny bool) {
+	var (
+		srcDisk    = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+		srcTrieDB  = newTestDatabase(srcDisk, scheme)
+		srcTrie, _ = New(TrieID(types.EmptyRootHash), srcTrieDB)
+
+		deleteFn = func(key []byte, tr *Trie, states map[string][]byte) {
+			tr.Delete(key)
+			delete(states, string(key))
+		}
+		writeFn = func(key []byte, val []byte, tr *Trie, states map[string][]byte) {
+			if val == nil {
+				if tiny {
+					val = randBytes(4)
+				} else {
+					val = randBytes(32)
+				}
+			}
+			tr.Update(key, val)
+			states[string(key)] = common.CopyBytes(val)
+		}
+		copyStates = func(states map[string][]byte) map[string][]byte {
+			cpy := make(map[string][]byte)
+			for k, v := range states {
+				cpy[k] = v
+			}
+			return cpy
+		}
+	)
+	stateA := make(map[string][]byte)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x23}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x24}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x12, 0x33}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x12, 0x34}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x02, 0x34}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x13, 0x44}, nil, srcTrie, stateA)
+
+	rootA, nodesA, _ := srcTrie.Commit(false)
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Update(rootA, types.EmptyRootHash, 0, trienode.NewWithNodeSet(nodesA), nil); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Commit(rootA, false); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	// Create a destination trie and sync with the scheduler
+	destDisk := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
+	syncWith(t, rootA, destDisk, srcTrieDB)
+	checkTrieContents(t, destDisk, scheme, srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), stateA, true)
+
+	// Delete element to collapse trie
+	stateB := copyStates(stateA)
+	srcTrie, _ = New(TrieID(rootA), srcTrieDB)
+	deleteFn([]byte{0x02, 0x34}, srcTrie, stateB)
+	deleteFn([]byte{0x13, 0x44}, srcTrie, stateB)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x24}, nil, srcTrie, stateB)
+
+	rootB, nodesB, _ := srcTrie.Commit(false)
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Update(rootB, rootA, 0, trienode.NewWithNodeSet(nodesB), nil); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Commit(rootB, false); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	syncWith(t, rootB, destDisk, srcTrieDB)
+	checkTrieContents(t, destDisk, scheme, srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), stateB, true)
+
+	// Add elements to expand trie
+	stateC := copyStates(stateB)
+	srcTrie, _ = New(TrieID(rootB), srcTrieDB)
+
+	writeFn([]byte{0x01, 0x24}, stateA[string([]byte{0x01, 0x24})], srcTrie, stateC)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x02, 0x34}, nil, srcTrie, stateC)
+	writeFn([]byte{0x13, 0x44}, nil, srcTrie, stateC)
+
+	rootC, nodesC, _ := srcTrie.Commit(false)
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Update(rootC, rootB, 0, trienode.NewWithNodeSet(nodesC), nil); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := srcTrieDB.Commit(rootC, false); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	syncWith(t, rootC, destDisk, srcTrieDB)
+	checkTrieContents(t, destDisk, scheme, srcTrie.Hash().Bytes(), stateC, true)
 }

trie/triedb/pathdb/database.go

@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ type Database struct {
 	// readOnly is the flag whether the mutation is allowed to be applied.
 	// It will be set automatically when the database is journaled during
 	// the shutdown to reject all following unexpected mutations.
-	readOnly   bool                     // Indicator if database is opened in read only mode
+	readOnly   bool                     // Flag if database is opened in read only mode
+	waitSync   bool                     // Flag if database is deactivated due to initial state sync
 	bufferSize int                      // Memory allowance (in bytes) for caching dirty nodes
 	config     *Config                  // Configuration for database
 	diskdb     ethdb.Database           // Persistent storage for matured trie nodes
@@ -179,6 +180,12 @@ func New(diskdb ethdb.Database, config *Config) *Database {
 			log.Warn("Truncated extra state histories", "number", pruned)
 		}
 	}
+	// Disable database in case node is still in the initial state sync stage.
+	if rawdb.ReadSnapSyncStatusFlag(diskdb) == rawdb.StateSyncRunning && !db.readOnly {
+		if err := db.Disable(); err != nil {
+			log.Crit("Failed to disable database", "err", err) // impossible to happen
+		}
+	}
 	log.Warn("Path-based state scheme is an experimental feature")
 	return db
 }
@@ -204,9 +211,9 @@ func (db *Database) Update(root common.Hash, parentRoot common.Hash, block uint6
 	db.lock.Lock()
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
-	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
+	// Short circuit if the mutation is not allowed.
-	if db.readOnly {
+	if err := db.modifyAllowed(); err != nil {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+		return err
 	}
 	if err := db.tree.add(root, parentRoot, block, nodes, states); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -227,45 +234,59 @@ func (db *Database) Commit(root common.Hash, report bool) error {
 	db.lock.Lock()
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
-	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
+	// Short circuit if the mutation is not allowed.
-	if db.readOnly {
+	if err := db.modifyAllowed(); err != nil {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+		return err
 	}
 	return db.tree.cap(root, 0)
 }
 
-// Reset rebuilds the database with the specified state as the base.
+// Disable deactivates the database and invalidates all available state layers
-//
+// as stale to prevent access to the persistent state, which is in the syncing
-//   - if target state is empty, clear the stored state and all layers on top
+// stage.
-//   - if target state is non-empty, ensure the stored state matches with it
+func (db *Database) Disable() error {
-//     and clear all other layers on top.
-func (db *Database) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
 	db.lock.Lock()
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
 	if db.readOnly {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
 	}
-	batch := db.diskdb.NewBatch()
+	// Prevent duplicated disable operation.
-	root = types.TrieRootHash(root)
+	if db.waitSync {
-	if root == types.EmptyRootHash {
+		log.Error("Reject duplicated disable operation")
-		// Empty state is requested as the target, nuke out
+		return nil
-		// the root node and leave all others as dangling.
-		rawdb.DeleteAccountTrieNode(batch, nil)
-	} else {
-		// Ensure the requested state is existent before any
-		// action is applied.
-		_, hash := rawdb.ReadAccountTrieNode(db.diskdb, nil)
-		if hash != root {
-			return fmt.Errorf("state is mismatched, local: %x, target: %x", hash, root)
 	}
-	}
+	db.waitSync = true
-	// Mark the disk layer as stale before applying any mutation.
+
+	// Mark the disk layer as stale to prevent access to persistent state.
 	db.tree.bottom().markStale()
 
+	// Write the initial sync flag to persist it across restarts.
+	rawdb.WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag(db.diskdb, rawdb.StateSyncRunning)
+	log.Info("Disabled trie database due to state sync")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Enable activates database and resets the state tree with the provided persistent
+// state root once the state sync is finished.
+func (db *Database) Enable(root common.Hash) error {
+	db.lock.Lock()
+	defer db.lock.Unlock()
+
+	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
+	if db.readOnly {
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
+	}
+	// Ensure the provided state root matches the stored one.
+	root = types.TrieRootHash(root)
+	_, stored := rawdb.ReadAccountTrieNode(db.diskdb, nil)
+	if stored != root {
+		return fmt.Errorf("state root mismatch: stored %x, synced %x", stored, root)
+	}
 	// Drop the stale state journal in persistent database and
 	// reset the persistent state id back to zero.
+	batch := db.diskdb.NewBatch()
 	rawdb.DeleteTrieJournal(batch)
 	rawdb.WritePersistentStateID(batch, 0)
 	if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
@@ -282,8 +303,11 @@ func (db *Database) Reset(root common.Hash) error {
 	}
 	// Re-construct a new disk layer backed by persistent state
 	// with **empty clean cache and node buffer**.
-	dl := newDiskLayer(root, 0, db, nil, newNodeBuffer(db.bufferSize, nil, 0))
+	db.tree.reset(newDiskLayer(root, 0, db, nil, newNodeBuffer(db.bufferSize, nil, 0)))
-	db.tree.reset(dl)
+
+	// Re-enable the database as the final step.
+	db.waitSync = false
+	rawdb.WriteSnapSyncStatusFlag(db.diskdb, rawdb.StateSyncFinished)
 	log.Info("Rebuilt trie database", "root", root)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -296,7 +320,10 @@ func (db *Database) Recover(root common.Hash, loader triestate.TrieLoader) error
 	defer db.lock.Unlock()
 
 	// Short circuit if rollback operation is not supported.
-	if db.readOnly || db.freezer == nil {
+	if err := db.modifyAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if db.freezer == nil {
 		return errors.New("state rollback is non-supported")
 	}
 	// Short circuit if the target state is not recoverable.
@@ -424,3 +451,15 @@ func (db *Database) SetBufferSize(size int) error {
 func (db *Database) Scheme() string {
 	return rawdb.PathScheme
 }
+
+// modifyAllowed returns the indicator if mutation is allowed. This function
+// assumes the db.lock is already held.
+func (db *Database) modifyAllowed() error {
+	if db.readOnly {
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
+	}
+	if db.waitSync {
+		return errDatabaseWaitSync
+	}
+	return nil
+}

trie/triedb/pathdb/database_test.go

@@ -439,38 +439,39 @@ func TestDatabaseRecoverable(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestReset(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDisable(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
+	tester := newTester(t)
-		tester = newTester(t)
-		index  = tester.bottomIndex()
-	)
 	defer tester.release()
 
-	// Reset database to unknown target, should reject it
+	_, stored := rawdb.ReadAccountTrieNode(tester.db.diskdb, nil)
-	if err := tester.db.Reset(testutil.RandomHash()); err == nil {
+	if err := tester.db.Disable(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("Failed to reject invalid reset")
+		t.Fatal("Failed to deactivate database")
 	}
-	// Reset database to state persisted in the disk
+	if err := tester.db.Enable(types.EmptyRootHash); err == nil {
-	if err := tester.db.Reset(types.EmptyRootHash); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Invalid activation should be rejected")
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to reset database %v", err)
 	}
+	if err := tester.db.Enable(stored); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to activate database")
+	}
+
 	// Ensure journal is deleted from disk
 	if blob := rawdb.ReadTrieJournal(tester.db.diskdb); len(blob) != 0 {
 		t.Fatal("Failed to clean journal")
 	}
 	// Ensure all trie histories are removed
-	for i := 0; i <= index; i++ {
+	n, err := tester.db.freezer.Ancients()
-		_, err := readHistory(tester.db.freezer, uint64(i+1))
+	if err != nil {
-		if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to clean state history")
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to clean state history, index %d", i+1)
 	}
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("Failed to clean state history")
 	}
 	// Verify layer tree structure, single disk layer is expected
 	if tester.db.tree.len() != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("Extra layer kept %d", tester.db.tree.len())
 	}
-	if tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash() != types.EmptyRootHash {
+	if tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash() != stored {
-		t.Fatalf("Root hash is not matched exp %x got %x", types.EmptyRootHash, tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash())
+		t.Fatalf("Root hash is not matched exp %x got %x", stored, tester.db.tree.bottom().rootHash())
 	}
 }
 

trie/triedb/pathdb/difflayer.go

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (dl *diffLayer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash, dept
 			if n.Hash != hash {
 				dirtyFalseMeter.Mark(1)
 				log.Error("Unexpected trie node in diff layer", "owner", owner, "path", path, "expect", hash, "got", n.Hash)
-				return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("diff", hash, n.Hash, owner, path)
+				return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("diff", hash, n.Hash, owner, path, n.Blob)
 			}
 			dirtyHitMeter.Mark(1)
 			dirtyNodeHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))

trie/triedb/pathdb/disklayer.go

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (dl *diskLayer) Node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash) ([]b
 	if nHash != hash {
 		diskFalseMeter.Mark(1)
 		log.Error("Unexpected trie node in disk", "owner", owner, "path", path, "expect", hash, "got", nHash)
-		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("disk", hash, nHash, owner, path)
+		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("disk", hash, nHash, owner, path, nBlob)
 	}
 	if dl.cleans != nil && len(nBlob) > 0 {
 		dl.cleans.Set(key, nBlob)

trie/triedb/pathdb/errors.go

@@ -21,12 +21,17 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 )
 
 var (
-	// errSnapshotReadOnly is returned if the database is opened in read only mode
+	// errDatabaseReadOnly is returned if the database is opened in read only mode
-	// and mutation is requested.
+	// to prevent any mutation.
-	errSnapshotReadOnly = errors.New("read only")
+	errDatabaseReadOnly = errors.New("read only")
+
+	// errDatabaseWaitSync is returned if the initial state sync is not completed
+	// yet and database is disabled to prevent accessing state.
+	errDatabaseWaitSync = errors.New("waiting for sync")
 
 	// errSnapshotStale is returned from data accessors if the underlying layer
 	// layer had been invalidated due to the chain progressing forward far enough
@@ -46,6 +51,10 @@ var (
 	errUnexpectedNode = errors.New("unexpected node")
 )
 
-func newUnexpectedNodeError(loc string, expHash common.Hash, gotHash common.Hash, owner common.Hash, path []byte) error {
+func newUnexpectedNodeError(loc string, expHash common.Hash, gotHash common.Hash, owner common.Hash, path []byte, blob []byte) error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w, loc: %s, node: (%x %v), %x!=%x", errUnexpectedNode, loc, owner, path, expHash, gotHash)
+	blobHex := "nil"
+	if len(blob) > 0 {
+		blobHex = hexutil.Encode(blob)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%w, loc: %s, node: (%x %v), %x!=%x, blob: %s", errUnexpectedNode, loc, owner, path, expHash, gotHash, blobHex)
 }

trie/triedb/pathdb/journal.go

@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func (db *Database) Journal(root common.Hash) error {
 
 	// Short circuit if the database is in read only mode.
 	if db.readOnly {
-		return errSnapshotReadOnly
+		return errDatabaseReadOnly
 	}
 	// Firstly write out the metadata of journal
 	journal := new(bytes.Buffer)

trie/triedb/pathdb/nodebuffer.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func (b *nodebuffer) node(owner common.Hash, path []byte, hash common.Hash) (*tr
 	if n.Hash != hash {
 		dirtyFalseMeter.Mark(1)
 		log.Error("Unexpected trie node in node buffer", "owner", owner, "path", path, "expect", hash, "got", n.Hash)
-		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("dirty", hash, n.Hash, owner, path)
+		return nil, newUnexpectedNodeError("dirty", hash, n.Hash, owner, path, n.Blob)
 	}
 	return n, nil
 }