plugeth/core/vm/vm.go

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2014-10-18 11:31:20 +00:00
package vm
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import (
"fmt"
"math/big"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
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)
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// Vm implements VirtualMachine
type Vm struct {
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env Environment
err error
// For logging
debug bool
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BreakPoints []int64
Stepping bool
Fn string
Recoverable bool
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// Will be called before the vm returns
After func(*Context, error)
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}
// New returns a new Virtual Machine
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func New(env Environment) *Vm {
return &Vm{env: env, debug: Debug, Recoverable: true}
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}
// Run loops and evaluates the contract's code with the given input data
func (self *Vm) Run(context *Context, input []byte) (ret []byte, err error) {
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self.env.SetDepth(self.env.Depth() + 1)
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defer self.env.SetDepth(self.env.Depth() - 1)
var (
caller = context.caller
code = context.Code
value = context.value
price = context.Price
op OpCode // current opcode
codehash = crypto.Sha3Hash(code) // codehash is used when doing jump dest caching
mem = NewMemory() // bound memory
stack = newstack() // local stack
statedb = self.env.State() // current state
// For optimisation reason we're using uint64 as the program counter.
// It's theoretically possible to go above 2^64. The YP defines the PC to be uint256. Pratically much less so feasible.
pc = uint64(0) // program counter
// jump evaluates and checks whether the given jump destination is a valid one
// if valid move the `pc` otherwise return an error.
jump = func(from uint64, to *big.Int) error {
if !context.jumpdests.has(codehash, code, to) {
nop := context.GetOp(to.Uint64())
return fmt.Errorf("invalid jump destination (%v) %v", nop, to)
}
pc = to.Uint64()
return nil
}
newMemSize *big.Int
cost *big.Int
)
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// User defer pattern to check for an error and, based on the error being nil or not, use all gas and return.
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defer func() {
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if self.After != nil {
self.After(context, err)
}
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if err != nil {
self.log(pc, op, context.Gas, cost, mem, stack, context, err)
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// In case of a VM exception (known exceptions) all gas consumed (panics NOT included).
context.UseGas(context.Gas)
ret = context.Return(nil)
}
}()
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if context.CodeAddr != nil {
if p := Precompiled[context.CodeAddr.Str()]; p != nil {
return self.RunPrecompiled(p, input, context)
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}
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}
// Don't bother with the execution if there's no code.
if len(code) == 0 {
return context.Return(nil), nil
}
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for {
// The base for all big integer arithmetic
base := new(big.Int)
// Get the memory location of pc
op = context.GetOp(pc)
// calculate the new memory size and gas price for the current executing opcode
newMemSize, cost, err = self.calculateGasAndSize(context, caller, op, statedb, mem, stack)
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if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
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// Use the calculated gas. When insufficient gas is present, use all gas and return an
// Out Of Gas error
if !context.UseGas(cost) {
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context.UseGas(context.Gas)
return context.Return(nil), OutOfGasError{}
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}
// Resize the memory calculated previously
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mem.Resize(newMemSize.Uint64())
// Add a log message
self.log(pc, op, context.Gas, cost, mem, stack, context, nil)
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switch op {
case ADD:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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base.Add(x, y)
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U256(base)
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// pop result back on the stack
stack.push(base)
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case SUB:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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base.Sub(x, y)
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U256(base)
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// pop result back on the stack
stack.push(base)
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case MUL:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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base.Mul(x, y)
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U256(base)
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// pop result back on the stack
stack.push(base)
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case DIV:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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if y.Cmp(common.Big0) != 0 {
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base.Div(x, y)
}
U256(base)
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// pop result back on the stack
stack.push(base)
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case SDIV:
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x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
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if y.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
base.Set(common.Big0)
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} else {
n := new(big.Int)
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if new(big.Int).Mul(x, y).Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {
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n.SetInt64(-1)
} else {
n.SetInt64(1)
}
base.Div(x.Abs(x), y.Abs(y)).Mul(base, n)
U256(base)
}
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stack.push(base)
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case MOD:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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if y.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
base.Set(common.Big0)
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} else {
base.Mod(x, y)
}
U256(base)
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stack.push(base)
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case SMOD:
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x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
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if y.Cmp(common.Big0) == 0 {
base.Set(common.Big0)
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} else {
n := new(big.Int)
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if x.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {
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n.SetInt64(-1)
} else {
n.SetInt64(1)
}
base.Mod(x.Abs(x), y.Abs(y)).Mul(base, n)
U256(base)
}
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stack.push(base)
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case EXP:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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base.Exp(x, y, Pow256)
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U256(base)
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stack.push(base)
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case SIGNEXTEND:
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back := stack.pop()
if back.Cmp(big.NewInt(31)) < 0 {
bit := uint(back.Uint64()*8 + 7)
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num := stack.pop()
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mask := new(big.Int).Lsh(common.Big1, bit)
mask.Sub(mask, common.Big1)
if common.BitTest(num, int(bit)) {
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num.Or(num, mask.Not(mask))
} else {
num.And(num, mask)
}
num = U256(num)
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stack.push(num)
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}
case NOT:
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stack.push(U256(new(big.Int).Not(stack.pop())))
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case LT:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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// x < y
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if x.Cmp(y) < 0 {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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}
case GT:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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// x > y
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if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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}
case SLT:
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x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
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// x < y
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if x.Cmp(S256(y)) < 0 {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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}
case SGT:
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x, y := S256(stack.pop()), S256(stack.pop())
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// x > y
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if x.Cmp(y) > 0 {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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}
case EQ:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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// x == y
if x.Cmp(y) == 0 {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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}
case ISZERO:
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x := stack.pop()
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if x.Cmp(common.BigFalse) > 0 {
stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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}
case AND:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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stack.push(base.And(x, y))
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case OR:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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stack.push(base.Or(x, y))
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case XOR:
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x, y := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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stack.push(base.Xor(x, y))
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case BYTE:
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th, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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if th.Cmp(big.NewInt(32)) < 0 {
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byt := big.NewInt(int64(common.LeftPadBytes(val.Bytes(), 32)[th.Int64()]))
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base.Set(byt)
} else {
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base.Set(common.BigFalse)
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}
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stack.push(base)
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case ADDMOD:
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x := stack.pop()
y := stack.pop()
z := stack.pop()
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if z.Cmp(Zero) > 0 {
add := new(big.Int).Add(x, y)
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base.Mod(add, z)
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base = U256(base)
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}
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stack.push(base)
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case MULMOD:
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x := stack.pop()
y := stack.pop()
z := stack.pop()
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if z.Cmp(Zero) > 0 {
mul := new(big.Int).Mul(x, y)
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base.Mod(mul, z)
U256(base)
}
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stack.push(base)
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case SHA3:
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offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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data := crypto.Sha3(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64()))
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stack.push(common.BigD(data))
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case ADDRESS:
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stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(context.Address().Bytes()))
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case BALANCE:
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addr := common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
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balance := statedb.GetBalance(addr)
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stack.push(balance)
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case ORIGIN:
origin := self.env.Origin()
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stack.push(origin.Big())
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case CALLER:
caller := context.caller.Address()
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stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(caller.Bytes()))
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case CALLVALUE:
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stack.push(value)
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case CALLDATALOAD:
data := getData(input, stack.pop(), common.Big32)
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stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(data))
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case CALLDATASIZE:
l := int64(len(input))
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stack.push(big.NewInt(l))
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case CALLDATACOPY:
var (
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mOff = stack.pop()
cOff = stack.pop()
l = stack.pop()
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)
data := getData(input, cOff, l)
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mem.Set(mOff.Uint64(), l.Uint64(), data)
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case CODESIZE, EXTCODESIZE:
var code []byte
if op == EXTCODESIZE {
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addr := common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
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code = statedb.GetCode(addr)
} else {
code = context.Code
}
l := big.NewInt(int64(len(code)))
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stack.push(l)
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case CODECOPY, EXTCODECOPY:
var code []byte
if op == EXTCODECOPY {
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addr := common.BigToAddress(stack.pop())
code = statedb.GetCode(addr)
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} else {
code = context.Code
}
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var (
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mOff = stack.pop()
cOff = stack.pop()
l = stack.pop()
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)
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codeCopy := getData(code, cOff, l)
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mem.Set(mOff.Uint64(), l.Uint64(), codeCopy)
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case GASPRICE:
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stack.push(context.Price)
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case BLOCKHASH:
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num := stack.pop()
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n := new(big.Int).Sub(self.env.BlockNumber(), common.Big257)
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if num.Cmp(n) > 0 && num.Cmp(self.env.BlockNumber()) < 0 {
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stack.push(self.env.GetHash(num.Uint64()).Big())
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} else {
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stack.push(common.Big0)
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}
case COINBASE:
coinbase := self.env.Coinbase()
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stack.push(coinbase.Big())
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case TIMESTAMP:
time := self.env.Time()
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stack.push(big.NewInt(time))
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case NUMBER:
number := self.env.BlockNumber()
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stack.push(U256(number))
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case DIFFICULTY:
difficulty := self.env.Difficulty()
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stack.push(difficulty)
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case GASLIMIT:
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stack.push(self.env.GasLimit())
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case PUSH1, PUSH2, PUSH3, PUSH4, PUSH5, PUSH6, PUSH7, PUSH8, PUSH9, PUSH10, PUSH11, PUSH12, PUSH13, PUSH14, PUSH15, PUSH16, PUSH17, PUSH18, PUSH19, PUSH20, PUSH21, PUSH22, PUSH23, PUSH24, PUSH25, PUSH26, PUSH27, PUSH28, PUSH29, PUSH30, PUSH31, PUSH32:
size := uint64(op - PUSH1 + 1)
byts := getData(code, new(big.Int).SetUint64(pc+1), new(big.Int).SetUint64(size))
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// push value to stack
stack.push(common.Bytes2Big(byts))
pc += size
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case POP:
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stack.pop()
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case DUP1, DUP2, DUP3, DUP4, DUP5, DUP6, DUP7, DUP8, DUP9, DUP10, DUP11, DUP12, DUP13, DUP14, DUP15, DUP16:
n := int(op - DUP1 + 1)
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stack.dup(n)
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case SWAP1, SWAP2, SWAP3, SWAP4, SWAP5, SWAP6, SWAP7, SWAP8, SWAP9, SWAP10, SWAP11, SWAP12, SWAP13, SWAP14, SWAP15, SWAP16:
n := int(op - SWAP1 + 2)
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stack.swap(n)
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case LOG0, LOG1, LOG2, LOG3, LOG4:
n := int(op - LOG0)
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topics := make([]common.Hash, n)
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mStart, mSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
topics[i] = common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
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}
data := mem.Get(mStart.Int64(), mSize.Int64())
log := state.NewLog(context.Address(), topics, data, self.env.BlockNumber().Uint64())
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self.env.AddLog(log)
case MLOAD:
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offset := stack.pop()
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val := common.BigD(mem.Get(offset.Int64(), 32))
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stack.push(val)
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case MSTORE:
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// pop value of the stack
mStart, val := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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mem.Set(mStart.Uint64(), 32, common.BigToBytes(val, 256))
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case MSTORE8:
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off, val := stack.pop().Int64(), stack.pop().Int64()
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mem.store[off] = byte(val & 0xff)
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case SLOAD:
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loc := common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
val := statedb.GetState(context.Address(), loc).Big()
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stack.push(val)
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case SSTORE:
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loc := common.BigToHash(stack.pop())
val := stack.pop()
statedb.SetState(context.Address(), loc, common.BigToHash(val))
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case JUMP:
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if err := jump(pc, stack.pop()); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
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continue
case JUMPI:
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pos, cond := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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if cond.Cmp(common.BigTrue) >= 0 {
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if err := jump(pc, pos); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
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continue
}
case JUMPDEST:
case PC:
stack.push(new(big.Int).SetUint64(pc))
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case MSIZE:
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stack.push(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
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case GAS:
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stack.push(context.Gas)
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case CREATE:
var (
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value = stack.pop()
offset, size = stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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input = mem.Get(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
gas = new(big.Int).Set(context.Gas)
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addr common.Address
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)
context.UseGas(context.Gas)
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ret, suberr, ref := self.env.Create(context, input, gas, price, value)
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if suberr != nil {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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} else {
// gas < len(ret) * CreateDataGas == NO_CODE
dataGas := big.NewInt(int64(len(ret)))
dataGas.Mul(dataGas, params.CreateDataGas)
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if context.UseGas(dataGas) {
ref.SetCode(ret)
}
addr = ref.Address()
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stack.push(addr.Big())
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}
case CALL, CALLCODE:
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gas := stack.pop()
// pop gas and value of the stack.
addr, value := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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value = U256(value)
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// pop input size and offset
inOffset, inSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
// pop return size and offset
retOffset, retSize := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
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address := common.BigToAddress(addr)
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// Get the arguments from the memory
args := mem.Get(inOffset.Int64(), inSize.Int64())
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if len(value.Bytes()) > 0 {
gas.Add(gas, params.CallStipend)
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}
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var (
ret []byte
err error
)
if op == CALLCODE {
ret, err = self.env.CallCode(context, address, args, gas, price, value)
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} else {
ret, err = self.env.Call(context, address, args, gas, price, value)
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}
if err != nil {
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stack.push(common.BigFalse)
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} else {
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stack.push(common.BigTrue)
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mem.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
}
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case RETURN:
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offset, size := stack.pop(), stack.pop()
ret := mem.GetPtr(offset.Int64(), size.Int64())
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return context.Return(ret), nil
case SUICIDE:
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receiver := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BigToAddress(stack.pop()))
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balance := statedb.GetBalance(context.Address())
receiver.AddBalance(balance)
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statedb.Delete(context.Address())
fallthrough
case STOP: // Stop the context
return context.Return(nil), nil
default:
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("Invalid opcode %x", op)
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}
pc++
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}
}
// calculateGasAndSize calculates the required given the opcode and stack items calculates the new memorysize for
// the operation. This does not reduce gas or resizes the memory.
func (self *Vm) calculateGasAndSize(context *Context, caller ContextRef, op OpCode, statedb *state.StateDB, mem *Memory, stack *stack) (*big.Int, *big.Int, error) {
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var (
gas = new(big.Int)
newMemSize *big.Int = new(big.Int)
)
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err := baseCheck(op, stack, gas)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
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// stack Check, memory resize & gas phase
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switch op {
case SWAP1, SWAP2, SWAP3, SWAP4, SWAP5, SWAP6, SWAP7, SWAP8, SWAP9, SWAP10, SWAP11, SWAP12, SWAP13, SWAP14, SWAP15, SWAP16:
n := int(op - SWAP1 + 2)
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err := stack.require(n)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
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gas.Set(GasFastestStep)
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case DUP1, DUP2, DUP3, DUP4, DUP5, DUP6, DUP7, DUP8, DUP9, DUP10, DUP11, DUP12, DUP13, DUP14, DUP15, DUP16:
n := int(op - DUP1 + 1)
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err := stack.require(n)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
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gas.Set(GasFastestStep)
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case LOG0, LOG1, LOG2, LOG3, LOG4:
n := int(op - LOG0)
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err := stack.require(n + 2)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
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mSize, mStart := stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-1]
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gas.Add(gas, params.LogGas)
gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(n)), params.LogTopicGas))
gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(mSize, params.LogDataGas))
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(mStart, mSize)
case EXP:
gas.Add(gas, new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(len(stack.data[stack.len()-2].Bytes()))), params.ExpByteGas))
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case SSTORE:
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err := stack.require(2)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
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var g *big.Int
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y, x := stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-1]
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val := statedb.GetState(context.Address(), common.BigToHash(x))
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// This checks for 3 scenario's and calculates gas accordingly
// 1. From a zero-value address to a non-zero value (NEW VALUE)
// 2. From a non-zero value address to a zero-value address (DELETE)
// 3. From a nen-zero to a non-zero (CHANGE)
if common.EmptyHash(val) && !common.EmptyHash(common.BigToHash(y)) {
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// 0 => non 0
g = params.SstoreSetGas
} else if !common.EmptyHash(val) && common.EmptyHash(common.BigToHash(y)) {
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statedb.Refund(params.SstoreRefundGas)
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g = params.SstoreClearGas
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} else {
// non 0 => non 0 (or 0 => 0)
g = params.SstoreClearGas
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}
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gas.Set(g)
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case SUICIDE:
if !statedb.IsDeleted(context.Address()) {
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statedb.Refund(params.SuicideRefundGas)
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}
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case MLOAD:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(32))
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case MSTORE8:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(1))
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case MSTORE:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), u256(32))
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case RETURN:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-2])
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case SHA3:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-2])
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words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.Sha3WordGas))
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case CALLDATACOPY:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-3])
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words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-3])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
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case CODECOPY:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.peek(), stack.data[stack.len()-3])
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words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-3])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
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case EXTCODECOPY:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-4])
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words := toWordSize(stack.data[stack.len()-4])
gas.Add(gas, words.Mul(words, params.CopyGas))
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case CREATE:
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newMemSize = calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-2], stack.data[stack.len()-3])
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case CALL, CALLCODE:
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gas.Add(gas, stack.data[stack.len()-1])
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if op == CALL {
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if self.env.State().GetStateObject(common.BigToAddress(stack.data[stack.len()-2])) == nil {
gas.Add(gas, params.CallNewAccountGas)
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}
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}
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if len(stack.data[stack.len()-3].Bytes()) > 0 {
gas.Add(gas, params.CallValueTransferGas)
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}
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x := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-6], stack.data[stack.len()-7])
y := calcMemSize(stack.data[stack.len()-4], stack.data[stack.len()-5])
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newMemSize = common.BigMax(x, y)
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}
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if newMemSize.Cmp(common.Big0) > 0 {
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newMemSizeWords := toWordSize(newMemSize)
newMemSize.Mul(newMemSizeWords, u256(32))
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if newMemSize.Cmp(u256(int64(mem.Len()))) > 0 {
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oldSize := toWordSize(big.NewInt(int64(mem.Len())))
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pow := new(big.Int).Exp(oldSize, common.Big2, Zero)
linCoef := new(big.Int).Mul(oldSize, params.MemoryGas)
quadCoef := new(big.Int).Div(pow, params.QuadCoeffDiv)
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oldTotalFee := new(big.Int).Add(linCoef, quadCoef)
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pow.Exp(newMemSizeWords, common.Big2, Zero)
linCoef = new(big.Int).Mul(newMemSizeWords, params.MemoryGas)
quadCoef = new(big.Int).Div(pow, params.QuadCoeffDiv)
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newTotalFee := new(big.Int).Add(linCoef, quadCoef)
fee := new(big.Int).Sub(newTotalFee, oldTotalFee)
gas.Add(gas, fee)
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}
}
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2015-03-27 15:09:57 +00:00
return newMemSize, gas, nil
2014-09-14 23:11:01 +00:00
}
// RunPrecompile runs and evaluate the output of a precompiled contract defined in contracts.go
func (self *Vm) RunPrecompiled(p *PrecompiledAccount, input []byte, context *Context) (ret []byte, err error) {
gas := p.Gas(len(input))
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if context.UseGas(gas) {
ret = p.Call(input)
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return context.Return(ret), nil
} else {
return nil, OutOfGasError{}
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}
}
// log emits a log event to the environment for each opcode encountered. This is not to be confused with the
// LOG* opcode.
func (self *Vm) log(pc uint64, op OpCode, gas, cost *big.Int, memory *Memory, stack *stack, context *Context, err error) {
if Debug {
mem := make([]byte, len(memory.Data()))
copy(mem, memory.Data())
stck := make([]*big.Int, len(stack.Data()))
copy(stck, stack.Data())
object := context.self.(*state.StateObject)
storage := make(map[common.Hash][]byte)
object.EachStorage(func(k, v []byte) {
storage[common.BytesToHash(k)] = v
})
self.env.AddStructLog(StructLog{pc, op, new(big.Int).Set(gas), cost, mem, stck, storage, err})
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}
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}
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// Environment returns the current workable state of the VM
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func (self *Vm) Env() Environment {
return self.env
}