log diagnostics & errors to stderr

* Use latest plugeth-statediff.

* Change plugeth path

* EOL

* CERC_PLUGINS_DIR

app/base.py

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 
 import os
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from .deploy import get_stack_status
 from decouple import config
+from .deploy import get_stack_status
+from .util import _log
 
 
 def get_stack(config, stack):
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class package_registry_stack(base_stack):
         url_from_environment = os.environ.get("CERC_NPM_REGISTRY_URL")
         if url_from_environment:
             if self.config.verbose:
-                print(f"Using package registry url from CERC_NPM_REGISTRY_URL: {url_from_environment}")
+                _log(f"Using package registry url from CERC_NPM_REGISTRY_URL: {url_from_environment}")
             self.url = url_from_environment
         else:
             # Otherwise we expect to use the local package-registry stack
@@ -58,13 +59,13 @@ class package_registry_stack(base_stack):
             if registry_running:
                 # If it is available, get its mapped port and construct its URL
                 if self.config.debug:
-                    print("Found local package registry stack is up")
+                    _log("Found local package registry stack is up")
                 # TODO: get url from deploy-stack
                 self.url = "http://gitea.local:3000/api/packages/cerc-io/npm/"
             else:
                 # If not, print a message about how to start it and return fail to the caller
-                print("ERROR: The package-registry stack is not running, and no external registry specified with CERC_NPM_REGISTRY_URL")
-                print("ERROR: Start the local package registry with: laconic-so --stack package-registry deploy-system up")
+                _log("ERROR: The package-registry stack is not running, and no external registry specified with CERC_NPM_REGISTRY_URL")
+                _log("ERROR: Start the local package registry with: laconic-so --stack package-registry deploy-system up")
                 return False
         return True
 

app/build_containers.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import subprocess
 import click
 import importlib.resources
 from pathlib import Path
-from .util import include_exclude_check, get_parsed_stack_config
+from .util import _log, include_exclude_check, get_parsed_stack_config
 from .base import get_npm_registry_url
 
 # TODO: find a place for this
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, force_rebuild, extra_build_args):
 
     if local_stack:
         dev_root_path = os.getcwd()[0:os.getcwd().rindex("stack-orchestrator")]
-        print(f'Local stack dev_root_path (CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR) overridden to: {dev_root_path}')
+        _log(f'Local stack dev_root_path (CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR) overridden to: {dev_root_path}')
     else:
         dev_root_path = os.path.expanduser(config("CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR", default="~/cerc"))
 
     if not quiet:
-        print(f'Dev Root is: {dev_root_path}')
+        _log(f'Dev Root is: {dev_root_path}')
 
     if not os.path.isdir(dev_root_path):
-        print('Dev root directory doesn\'t exist, creating')
+        _log('Dev root directory doesn\'t exist, creating')
 
     # See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/20885799/1701505
     from . import data
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, force_rebuild, extra_build_args):
         containers_in_scope = all_containers
 
     if verbose:
-        print(f'Containers: {containers_in_scope}')
+        _log(f'Containers: {containers_in_scope}')
         if stack:
-            print(f"Stack: {stack}")
+            _log(f"Stack: {stack}")
 
     # TODO: make this configurable
     container_build_env = {
@@ -102,16 +102,16 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, force_rebuild, extra_build_args):
 
     def process_container(container):
         if not quiet:
-            print(f"Building: {container}")
+            _log(f"Building: {container}")
         build_dir = os.path.join(container_build_dir, container.replace("/", "-"))
         build_script_filename = os.path.join(build_dir, "build.sh")
         if verbose:
-            print(f"Build script filename: {build_script_filename}")
+            _log(f"Build script filename: {build_script_filename}")
         if os.path.exists(build_script_filename):
             build_command = build_script_filename
         else:
             if verbose:
-                print(f"No script file found: {build_script_filename}, using default build script")
+                _log(f"No script file found: {build_script_filename}, using default build script")
             repo_dir = container.split('/')[1]
             # TODO: make this less of a hack -- should be specified in some metadata somewhere
             # Check if we have a repo for this container. If not, set the context dir to the container-build subdir
@@ -120,23 +120,23 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, force_rebuild, extra_build_args):
             build_command = os.path.join(container_build_dir, "default-build.sh") + f" {container}:local {repo_dir_or_build_dir}"
         if not dry_run:
             if verbose:
-                print(f"Executing: {build_command} with environment: {container_build_env}")
+                _log(f"Executing: {build_command} with environment: {container_build_env}")
             build_result = subprocess.run(build_command, shell=True, env=container_build_env)
             if verbose:
-                print(f"Return code is: {build_result.returncode}")
+                _log(f"Return code is: {build_result.returncode}")
             if build_result.returncode != 0:
-                print(f"Error running build for {container}")
+                _log(f"Error running build for {container}")
                 if not continue_on_error:
-                    print("FATAL Error: container build failed and --continue-on-error not set, exiting")
+                    _log("FATAL Error: container build failed and --continue-on-error not set, exiting")
                     sys.exit(1)
                 else:
-                    print("****** Container Build Error, continuing because --continue-on-error is set")
+                    _log("****** Container Build Error, continuing because --continue-on-error is set")
         else:
-            print("Skipped")
+            _log("Skipped")
 
     for container in containers_in_scope:
         if include_exclude_check(container, include, exclude):
             process_container(container)
         else:
             if verbose:
-                print(f"Excluding: {container}")
+                _log(f"Excluding: {container}")

app/data/compose/docker-compose-fixturenet-plugeth.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ services:
     image: cerc/fixturenet-plugeth-plugeth:local
     volumes:
       - fixturenet_plugeth_geth_1_data:/root/ethdata
-      - ../config/fixturenet-plugeth/plugins:/root/ethdata/plugins
     healthcheck:
       test: ["CMD", "wget", "--tries=1", "--connect-timeout=1", "--quiet", "-O", "-", "http://localhost:8545/"]
       interval: 30s
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ services:
       - fixturenet-eth-bootnode-geth
     volumes:
       - fixturenet_plugeth_geth_2_data:/root/ethdata
-      - ../config/fixturenet-plugeth/plugins:/root/ethdata/plugins
 
   fixturenet-eth-bootnode-lighthouse:
     restart: always

app/data/container-build/cerc-fixturenet-eth-geth/run-el.sh

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ fi
 ETHERBASE=`cat /opt/testnet/build/el/accounts.csv | head -1 | cut -d',' -f2`
 NETWORK_ID=`cat /opt/testnet/el/el-config.yaml | grep 'chain_id' | awk '{ print $2 }'`
 NETRESTRICT=`ip addr | grep inet | grep -v '127.0' | awk '{print $2}'`
+CERC_ETH_DATADIR="${CERC_ETH_DATADIR:-$HOME/ethdata}"
+CERC_PLUGINS_DIR="${CERC_PLUGINS_DIR:-/usr/local/lib/plugeth}"
 
-HOME_DIR=`pwd`
 cd /opt/testnet/build/el
 python3 -m http.server 9898 &
-cd $HOME_DIR
+cd $HOME
 
 START_CMD="geth"
 if [ "true" == "$CERC_REMOTE_DEBUG" ] && [ -x "/usr/local/bin/dlv" ]; then
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ trap 'cleanup' SIGINT SIGTERM
 
 if [ "true" == "$RUN_BOOTNODE" ]; then
     $START_CMD \
-       --datadir=~/ethdata \
+      --datadir="${CERC_ETH_DATADIR}" \
       --nodekeyhex="${BOOTNODE_KEY}" \
       --nodiscover \
       --ipcdisable \
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ else
           fi
         fi
       done
-      STATEDIFF_OPTS="--statediff=true \
+      STATEDIFF_OPTS="--statediff \
       --statediff.db.host=$CERC_STATEDIFF_DB_HOST \
       --statediff.db.name=$CERC_STATEDIFF_DB_NAME \
       --statediff.db.nodeid=$CERC_STATEDIFF_DB_NODE_ID \
@@ -94,10 +95,15 @@ else
       --statediff.waitforsync=true \
       --statediff.workers=${CERC_STATEDIFF_WORKERS:-1} \
       --statediff.writing=true"
+
+      if [ -d "${CERC_PLUGINS_DIR}" ]; then
+        # With plugeth, we separate the statediff options by prefixing with ' -- '
+        STATEDIFF_OPTS="--pluginsdir "${CERC_PLUGINS_DIR}" -- ${STATEDIFF_OPTS}"
+      fi
     fi
 
     $START_CMD \
-      --datadir=~/ethdata \
+      --datadir="${CERC_ETH_DATADIR}" \
       --bootnodes="${ENODE}" \
       --allow-insecure-unlock \
       --http \
@@ -124,8 +130,9 @@ else
       --metrics \
       --metrics.addr="0.0.0.0" \
       --verbosity=${CERC_GETH_VERBOSITY:-3} \
-      --vmodule="${CERC_GETH_VMODULE:-statediff/*=5}" \
-      --miner.etherbase="${ETHERBASE}" ${STATEDIFF_OPTS} \
+      --log.vmodule="${CERC_GETH_VMODULE:-statediff/*=5}" \
+      --miner.etherbase="${ETHERBASE}" \
+      ${STATEDIFF_OPTS} \
       &
 
     geth_pid=$!

app/data/container-build/cerc-fixturenet-eth-plugeth/Dockerfile

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-FROM skylenet/ethereum-genesis-generator@sha256:210353ce7c898686bc5092f16c61220a76d357f51eff9c451e9ad1b9ad03d4d3 AS ethgen
-
-FROM golang:1.19.4-bullseye AS delve
-RUN go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
-
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
-RUN apt-get update && \
-      apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-        python3 python3-dev python3-pip curl wget jq gettext gettext-base openssl bash dnsutils postgresql-client make iproute2 netcat && \
-      rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-COPY --from=delve  /go/bin/dlv /usr/local/bin/
-COPY --from=ethgen /usr/local/bin/eth2-testnet-genesis /usr/local/bin/
-COPY --from=ethgen /usr/local/bin/eth2-val-tools /usr/local/bin/
-COPY --from=ethgen /apps /apps
-
-RUN wget -O /usr/local/bin/geth https://github.com/openrelayxyz/plugeth/releases/download/v1.11.6.1.0/geth-linux-amd64-v1.1.0-v1.11.6.1.0 && chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/geth
-RUN cd /apps/el-gen && pip3 install -r requirements.txt
-
-COPY genesis /opt/testnet
-COPY run-el.sh /opt/testnet/run.sh
-
-RUN cd /opt/testnet && make genesis-el
-
-RUN geth --datadir ~/ethdata init /opt/testnet/build/el/geth.json && rm -f ~/ethdata/geth/nodekey
-
-ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/testnet/run.sh"]

app/data/container-build/cerc-fixturenet-eth-plugeth/build.sh

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Build cerc/fixturenet-eth-plugeth
-set -x
-
-source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
-
-SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
-
-if [ ! -d "${SCRIPT_DIR}/genesis" ]; then
-  cp -frp ${SCRIPT_DIR}/../cerc-fixturenet-eth-geth/genesis ${SCRIPT_DIR}/genesis
-fi
-
-if [ ! -d "${SCRIPT_DIR}/run-el.sh" ]; then
-  cp -fp ${SCRIPT_DIR}/../cerc-fixturenet-eth-geth/run-el.sh ${SCRIPT_DIR}/
-fi
-
-docker build -t cerc/fixturenet-eth-plugeth:local -f ${SCRIPT_DIR}/Dockerfile ${build_command_args} $SCRIPT_DIR

app/data/container-build/cerc-fixturenet-plugeth-plugeth/Dockerfile

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 FROM skylenet/ethereum-genesis-generator@sha256:210353ce7c898686bc5092f16c61220a76d357f51eff9c451e9ad1b9ad03d4d3 AS ethgen
 
-FROM golang:1.19.4-bullseye AS delve
+FROM golang:1.19-alpine as delve
 RUN go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
 
-FROM ubuntu:22.04
-RUN apt-get update && \
-      apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-        python3 python3-dev python3-pip curl wget jq gettext gettext-base openssl bash dnsutils postgresql-client make iproute2 netcat psmisc && \
-      rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+FROM cerc/plugeth:local as geth
+FROM cerc/plugeth-statediff:local as statediff
+
+FROM alpine:3.17
+RUN apk add --no-cache python3 python3-dev py3-pip curl wget jq build-base gettext libintl openssl bash bind-tools postgresql-client
 
 COPY --from=delve  /go/bin/dlv /usr/local/bin/
 COPY --from=ethgen /usr/local/bin/eth2-testnet-genesis /usr/local/bin/
 COPY --from=ethgen /usr/local/bin/eth2-val-tools /usr/local/bin/
 COPY --from=ethgen /apps /apps
 
-RUN wget -O /usr/local/bin/geth https://github.com/openrelayxyz/plugeth/releases/download/v1.11.6.1.0/geth-linux-amd64-v1.1.0-v1.11.6.1.0 && chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/geth
 RUN cd /apps/el-gen && pip3 install -r requirements.txt
 
 COPY genesis /opt/testnet
@@ -22,7 +21,10 @@ COPY run-el.sh /opt/testnet/run.sh
 
 RUN cd /opt/testnet && make genesis-el
 
-RUN geth --datadir ~/ethdata init /opt/testnet/build/el/geth.json && rm -f ~/ethdata/geth/nodekey
+COPY --from=geth  /usr/local/bin/geth /usr/local/bin/
+
+RUN mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/plugeth/
+COPY --from=statediff  /usr/local/lib/statediff.so /usr/local/lib/plugeth/
 
 # Snag the genesis block info.
 RUN geth --datadir ~/ethdata init /opt/testnet/build/el/geth.json && rm -f ~/ethdata/geth/nodekey

app/data/container-build/cerc-go-opera/build.sh

@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 # Build cerc/go-opera
 source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
 
-# Checkout appropriate release; refer to https://docs.fantom.foundation/
-OPERA_TAG=${OPERA_TAG:-release/1.1.2-rc.5}
-git -C ${CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR}/go-opera checkout ${OPERA_TAG}
-
 # Repo's dockerfile gives build error because it's hardcoded for go 1.17; go 1.19 is required
 sed -i 's/FROM golang:1\.[0-9]*-alpine as builder/FROM golang:1.19-alpine as builder/' ${CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR}/go-opera/docker/Dockerfile.opera
 

app/data/stacks/fixturenet-plugeth-tx/stack.yml

@@ -5,14 +5,24 @@ repos:
   - github.com/cerc-io/tx-spammer
   - github.com/dboreham/foundry
   - github.com/cerc-io/lighthouse
+  - github.com/cerc-io/ipld-eth-db@v5
+  - github.com/cerc-io/ipld-eth-server@v5
+  - git.vdb.to/cerc-io/plugeth@statediff-wip
+  - git.vdb.to/cerc-io/plugeth-statediff@dev-local-build
 containers:
   - cerc/lighthouse
   - cerc/lighthouse-cli
+  - cerc/plugeth-statediff
+  - cerc/plugeth
   - cerc/fixturenet-plugeth-plugeth
   - cerc/fixturenet-plugeth-lighthouse
   - cerc/tx-spammer
   - cerc/foundry
+  - cerc/ipld-eth-db
+  - cerc/ipld-eth-server
 pods:
+  - ipld-eth-db
+  - ipld-eth-server
   - fixturenet-plugeth
   - foundry
   - tx-spammer

app/data/stacks/mainnet-go-opera/stack.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ version: "1.1"
 name: mainnet-opera
 decription: "Fantom mainnet node"
 repos:
-  - github.com/Fantom-foundation/go-opera
+  - github.com/Fantom-foundation/go-opera@release/1.1.2-rc.5
 containers:
   - cerc/go-opera
 pods:

app/deploy.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import subprocess
 from python_on_whales import DockerClient, DockerException
 import click
 from pathlib import Path
-from .util import include_exclude_check, get_parsed_stack_config, global_options2
+from .util import _log, include_exclude_check, get_parsed_stack_config, global_options2
 from .deployment_create import create as deployment_create
 from .deployment_create import init as deployment_init
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def up_operation(ctx, services_list):
         for attr, value in container_exec_env.items():
             os.environ[attr] = value
         if global_context.verbose:
-            print(f"Running compose up with container_exec_env: {container_exec_env}, extra_args: {services_list}")
+            _log(f"Running compose up with container_exec_env: {container_exec_env}, extra_args: {services_list}")
         for pre_start_command in cluster_context.pre_start_commands:
             _run_command(global_context, cluster_context.cluster, pre_start_command)
         deploy_context.docker.compose.up(detach=True, services=services_list)
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def down_operation(ctx, delete_volumes, extra_args_list):
     global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
     if not global_context.dry_run:
         if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose down")
+            _log("Running compose down")
         timeout_arg = None
         if extra_args_list:
             timeout_arg = extra_args_list[0]
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def ps_operation(ctx):
     global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
     if not global_context.dry_run:
         if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose ps")
+            _log("Running compose ps")
         container_list = ctx.obj.docker.compose.ps()
         if len(container_list) > 0:
             print("Running containers:")
@@ -120,12 +120,12 @@ def port_operation(ctx, extra_args):
     extra_args_list = list(extra_args) or None
     if not global_context.dry_run:
         if extra_args_list is None or len(extra_args_list) < 2:
-            print("Usage: port <service> <exposed-port>")
+            _log("Usage: port <service> <exposed-port>")
             sys.exit(1)
         service_name = extra_args_list[0]
         exposed_port = extra_args_list[1]
         if global_context.verbose:
-            print(f"Running compose port {service_name} {exposed_port}")
+            _log(f"Running compose port {service_name} {exposed_port}")
         mapped_port_data = ctx.obj.docker.compose.port(service_name, exposed_port)
         print(f"{mapped_port_data[0]}:{mapped_port_data[1]}")
 
@@ -135,17 +135,17 @@ def exec_operation(ctx, extra_args):
     extra_args_list = list(extra_args) or None
     if not global_context.dry_run:
         if extra_args_list is None or len(extra_args_list) < 2:
-            print("Usage: exec <service> <cmd>")
+            _log("Usage: exec <service> <cmd>")
             sys.exit(1)
         service_name = extra_args_list[0]
         command_to_exec = ["sh", "-c"] + extra_args_list[1:]
         container_exec_env = _make_runtime_env(global_context)
         if global_context.verbose:
-            print(f"Running compose exec {service_name} {command_to_exec}")
+            _log(f"Running compose exec {service_name} {command_to_exec}")
         try:
             ctx.obj.docker.compose.execute(service_name, command_to_exec, envs=container_exec_env)
         except DockerException as error:
-            print(f"container command returned error exit status")
+            _log(f"container command returned error exit status")
 
 
 def logs_operation(ctx, extra_args):
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def logs_operation(ctx, extra_args):
     extra_args_list = list(extra_args) or None
     if not global_context.dry_run:
         if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose logs")
+            _log("Running compose logs")
         logs_output = ctx.obj.docker.compose.logs(services=extra_args_list if extra_args_list is not None else [])
         print(logs_output)
 
@@ -211,15 +211,15 @@ def get_stack_status(ctx, stack):
     docker = DockerClient(compose_files=cluster_context.compose_files, compose_project_name=cluster_context.cluster)
     # TODO: refactor to avoid duplicating this code above
     if ctx.verbose:
-        print("Running compose ps")
+        _log("Running compose ps")
     container_list = docker.compose.ps()
     if len(container_list) > 0:
         if ctx.debug:
-            print(f"Container list from compose ps: {container_list}")
+            _log(f"Container list from compose ps: {container_list}")
         return True
     else:
         if ctx.debug:
-            print("No containers found from compose ps")
+            _log("No containers found from compose ps")
         False
 
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
 
     if ctx.local_stack:
         dev_root_path = os.getcwd()[0:os.getcwd().rindex("stack-orchestrator")]
-        print(f'Local stack dev_root_path (CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR) overridden to: {dev_root_path}')
+        _log(f'Local stack dev_root_path (CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR) overridden to: {dev_root_path}')
     else:
         dev_root_path = os.path.expanduser(config("CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR", default="~/cerc"))
 
@@ -256,11 +256,11 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
         path = os.path.realpath(sys.argv[0])
         unique_cluster_descriptor = f"{path},{stack},{include},{exclude}"
         if ctx.debug:
-            print(f"pre-hash descriptor: {unique_cluster_descriptor}")
+            _log(f"pre-hash descriptor: {unique_cluster_descriptor}")
         hash = hashlib.md5(unique_cluster_descriptor.encode()).hexdigest()
         cluster = f"laconic-{hash}"
         if ctx.verbose:
-            print(f"Using cluster name: {cluster}")
+            _log(f"Using cluster name: {cluster}")
 
     # See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/20885799/1701505
     from . import data
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
     pods_in_scope = _convert_to_new_format(pods_in_scope)
 
     if ctx.verbose:
-        print(f"Pods: {pods_in_scope}")
+        _log(f"Pods: {pods_in_scope}")
 
     # Construct a docker compose command suitable for our purpose
 
@@ -307,10 +307,10 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
             compose_files.append(compose_file_name)
         else:
             if ctx.verbose:
-                print(f"Excluding: {pod_name}")
+                _log(f"Excluding: {pod_name}")
 
     if ctx.verbose:
-        print(f"files: {compose_files}")
+        _log(f"files: {compose_files}")
 
     return cluster_context(cluster, compose_files, pre_start_commands, post_start_commands, cluster_config, env_file)
 
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ def _convert_to_new_format(old_pod_array):
 
 def _run_command(ctx, cluster_name, command):
     if ctx.verbose:
-        print(f"Running command: {command}")
+        _log(f"Running command: {command}")
     command_dir = os.path.dirname(command)
     command_file = os.path.join(".", os.path.basename(command))
     command_env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ def _run_command(ctx, cluster_name, command):
         command_env["CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG"] = "true"
     command_result = subprocess.run(command_file, shell=True, env=command_env, cwd=command_dir)
     if command_result.returncode != 0:
-        print(f"FATAL Error running command: {command}")
+        _log(f"FATAL Error running command: {command}")
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ def _orchestrate_cluster_config(ctx, cluster_config, docker, container_exec_env)
         for container in cluster_config:
             container_config = cluster_config[container]
             if ctx.verbose:
-                print(f"{container} config: {container_config}")
+                _log(f"{container} config: {container_config}")
             for directive in container_config:
                 pd = ConfigDirective(
                     container_config[directive].split(".")[0],
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ def _orchestrate_cluster_config(ctx, cluster_config, docker, container_exec_env)
                     directive
                 )
                 if ctx.verbose:
-                    print(f"Setting {pd.destination_container}.{pd.destination_variable}"
+                    _log(f"Setting {pd.destination_container}.{pd.destination_variable}"
                           f" = {pd.source_container}.{pd.source_variable}")
                 # TODO: add a timeout
                 waiting_for_data = True
@@ -394,19 +394,19 @@ def _orchestrate_cluster_config(ctx, cluster_config, docker, container_exec_env)
                                                               envs=container_exec_env)
                     except DockerException as error:
                         if ctx.debug:
-                            print(f"Docker exception reading config source: {error}")
+                            _log(f"Docker exception reading config source: {error}")
                         # If the script executed failed for some reason, we get:
                         # "It returned with code 1"
                         if "It returned with code 1" in str(error):
                             if ctx.verbose:
-                                print("Config export script returned an error, re-trying")
+                                _log("Config export script returned an error, re-trying")
                         # If the script failed to execute (e.g. the file is not there) then we get:
                         # "It returned with code 2"
                         if "It returned with code 2" in str(error):
-                            print(f"Fatal error reading config source: {error}")
+                            _log(f"Fatal error reading config source: {error}")
                     if source_value:
                         if ctx.debug:
-                            print(f"fetched source value: {source_value}")
+                            _log(f"fetched source value: {source_value}")
                         destination_output = docker.compose.execute(pd.destination_container,
                                                                     ["sh", "-c",
                                                                         f"sh /scripts/import-{pd.destination_variable}.sh"
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ def _orchestrate_cluster_config(ctx, cluster_config, docker, container_exec_env)
                                                                     envs=container_exec_env)
                         waiting_for_data = False
                     if ctx.debug:
-                        print(f"destination output: {destination_output}")
+                        _log(f"destination output: {destination_output}")
 
 
 command.add_command(deployment_init)

app/setup_repositories.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import click
 import importlib.resources
 from pathlib import Path
 import yaml
-from .util import include_exclude_check
+from .util import _log, include_exclude_check
 
 
 class GitProgress(git.RemoteProgress):
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def _get_repo_current_branch_or_tag(full_filesystem_repo_path):
 # TODO: fix the messy arg list here
 def process_repo(verbose, quiet, dry_run, pull, check_only, git_ssh, dev_root_path, branches_array, fully_qualified_repo):
     if verbose:
-        print(f"Processing repo: {fully_qualified_repo}")
+        _log(f"Processing repo: {fully_qualified_repo}")
     repo_host, repo_path, repo_branch = host_and_path_for_repo(fully_qualified_repo)
     git_ssh_prefix = f"git@{repo_host}:"
     git_http_prefix = f"https://{repo_host}/"
@@ -100,40 +100,40 @@ def process_repo(verbose, quiet, dry_run, pull, check_only, git_ssh, dev_root_pa
     if not quiet:
         present_text = f"already exists active {'branch' if is_branch else 'tag'}: {current_repo_branch_or_tag}" if is_present \
             else 'Needs to be fetched'
-        print(f"Checking: {full_filesystem_repo_path}: {present_text}")
+        _log(f"Checking: {full_filesystem_repo_path}: {present_text}")
     # Quick check that it's actually a repo
     if is_present:
         if not is_git_repo(full_filesystem_repo_path):
-            print(f"Error: {full_filesystem_repo_path} does not contain a valid git repository")
+            _log(f"Error: {full_filesystem_repo_path} does not contain a valid git repository")
             sys.exit(1)
         else:
             if pull:
                 if verbose:
-                    print(f"Running git pull for {full_filesystem_repo_path}")
+                    _log(f"Running git pull for {full_filesystem_repo_path}")
                 if not check_only:
                     if is_branch:
                         git_repo = git.Repo(full_filesystem_repo_path)
                         origin = git_repo.remotes.origin
                         origin.pull(progress=None if quiet else GitProgress())
                     else:
-                        print(f"skipping pull because this repo checked out a tag")
+                        _log(f"skipping pull because this repo checked out a tag")
                 else:
-                    print("(git pull skipped)")
+                    _log("(git pull skipped)")
     if not is_present:
         # Clone
         if verbose:
-            print(f'Running git clone for {full_github_repo_path} into {full_filesystem_repo_path}')
+            _log(f'Running git clone for {full_github_repo_path} into {full_filesystem_repo_path}')
         if not dry_run:
             git.Repo.clone_from(full_github_repo_path,
                                 full_filesystem_repo_path,
                                 progress=None if quiet else GitProgress())
         else:
-            print("(git clone skipped)")
+            _log("(git clone skipped)")
     # Checkout the requested branch, if one was specified
     branch_to_checkout = None
     if branches_array:
         # Find the current repo in the branches list
-        print("Checking")
+        _log("Checking")
         for repo_branch in branches_array:
             repo_branch_tuple = repo_branch.split(" ")
             if repo_branch_tuple[0] == branch_strip(fully_qualified_repo):
@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ def process_repo(verbose, quiet, dry_run, pull, check_only, git_ssh, dev_root_pa
     if branch_to_checkout:
         if current_repo_branch_or_tag is None or (current_repo_branch_or_tag and (current_repo_branch_or_tag != branch_to_checkout)):
             if not quiet:
-                print(f"switching to branch {branch_to_checkout} in repo {repo_path}")
+                _log(f"switching to branch {branch_to_checkout} in repo {repo_path}")
             git_repo = git.Repo(full_filesystem_repo_path)
             # git checkout works for both branches and tags
             git_repo.git.checkout(branch_to_checkout)
         else:
             if verbose:
-                print(f"repo {repo_path} is already on branch/tag {branch_to_checkout}")
+                _log(f"repo {repo_path} is already on branch/tag {branch_to_checkout}")
 
 
 def parse_branches(branches_string):
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def parse_branches(branches_string):
         for branch_directive in branches_directives:
             split_directive = branch_directive.split("@")
             if len(split_directive) != 2:
-                print(f"Error: branch specified is not valid: {branch_directive}")
+                _log(f"Error: branch specified is not valid: {branch_directive}")
                 sys.exit(1)
             result_array.append(f"{split_directive[0]} {split_directive[1]}")
         return result_array
@@ -191,39 +191,39 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, git_ssh, check_only, pull, branches, branches
     # TODO: branches file needs to be re-worked in the context of stacks
     if branches_file:
         if branches:
-            print("Error: can't specify both --branches and --branches-file")
+            _log("Error: can't specify both --branches and --branches-file")
             sys.exit(1)
         else:
             if verbose:
-                print(f"loading branches from: {branches_file}")
+                _log(f"loading branches from: {branches_file}")
             with open(branches_file) as branches_file_open:
                 branches_array = branches_file_open.read().splitlines()
 
-    print(f"branches: {branches}")
+    _log(f"branches: {branches}")
     if branches:
         if branches_file:
-            print("Error: can't specify both --branches and --branches-file")
+            _log("Error: can't specify both --branches and --branches-file")
             sys.exit(1)
         else:
             branches_array = parse_branches(branches)
 
     if branches_array and verbose:
-        print(f"Branches are: {branches_array}")
+        _log(f"Branches are: {branches_array}")
 
     local_stack = ctx.obj.local_stack
 
     if local_stack:
         dev_root_path = os.getcwd()[0:os.getcwd().rindex("stack-orchestrator")]
-        print(f"Local stack dev_root_path (CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR) overridden to: {dev_root_path}")
+        _log(f"Local stack dev_root_path (CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR) overridden to: {dev_root_path}")
     else:
         dev_root_path = os.path.expanduser(config("CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR", default="~/cerc"))
 
     if not quiet:
-        print(f"Dev Root is: {dev_root_path}")
+        _log(f"Dev Root is: {dev_root_path}")
 
     if not os.path.isdir(dev_root_path):
         if not quiet:
-            print('Dev root directory doesn\'t exist, creating')
+            _log('Dev root directory doesn\'t exist, creating')
         os.makedirs(dev_root_path)
 
     # See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/20885799/1701505
@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, git_ssh, check_only, pull, branches, branches
         repos_in_scope = all_repos
 
     if verbose:
-        print(f"Repos: {repos_in_scope}")
+        _log(f"Repos: {repos_in_scope}")
         if stack:
-            print(f"Stack: {stack}")
+            _log(f"Stack: {stack}")
 
     repos = []
     for repo in repos_in_scope:
@@ -254,11 +254,11 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, git_ssh, check_only, pull, branches, branches
             repos.append(repo)
         else:
             if verbose:
-                print(f"Excluding: {repo}")
+                _log(f"Excluding: {repo}")
 
     for repo in repos:
         try:
             process_repo(verbose, quiet, dry_run, pull, check_only, git_ssh, dev_root_path, branches_array, repo)
         except git.exc.GitCommandError as error:
-            print(f"\n******* git command returned error exit status:\n{error}")
+            _log(f"\n******* git command returned error exit status:\n{error}")
             sys.exit(1)

app/util.py

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ import yaml
 from pathlib import Path
 
 
+def _log(*args):
+    print(*args, file=sys.stderr)
+
+
 def include_exclude_check(s, include, exclude):
     if include is None and exclude is None:
         return True