Merge branch 'main' into ci-test

2024-02-15 08:13:10 -07:00 · 2024-02-15 08:13:10 -07:00 · d6d016cad8
commit d6d016cad8
parent 3b553bb660 26d265360d
74 changed files with 1637 additions and 366 deletions
--- a/.gitea/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/lint.yml
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Lint Checks
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: '*'
+  push:
+    branches: '*'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: "Run linter"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Clone project repository"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: "Install Python"
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.8'
+      - name : "Run flake8"
+        uses: py-actions/flake8@v2
--- a/.gitea/workflows/test-database.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/test-database.yml
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: Database Test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: '*'
+    paths:
+      - '!**'
+      - '.gitea/workflows/triggers/test-database'
+      - '.gitea/workflows/test-database.yml'
+      - 'tests/database/run-test.sh'
+  schedule: # Note: coordinate with other tests to not overload runners at the same time of day
+    - cron: '5 18 * * *'
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: "Run database hosting test on kind/k8s"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: "Clone project repository"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      # At present the stock setup-python action fails on Linux/aarch64
+      # Conditional steps below workaroud this by using deadsnakes for that case only
+      - name: "Install Python for ARM on Linux"
+        if: ${{ runner.arch == 'arm64' && runner.os == 'Linux' }}
+        uses: deadsnakes/action@v3.0.1
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.8'
+      - name: "Install Python cases other than ARM on Linux"
+        if: ${{ ! (runner.arch == 'arm64' && runner.os == 'Linux') }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.8'
+      - name: "Print Python version"
+        run: python3 --version
+      - name: "Install shiv"
+        run: pip install shiv
+      - name: "Generate build version file"
+        run: ./scripts/create_build_tag_file.sh
+      - name: "Build local shiv package"
+        run: ./scripts/build_shiv_package.sh
+      - name: "Check cgroups version"
+        run: mount | grep cgroup
+      - name: "Install kind"
+        run: ./tests/scripts/install-kind.sh
+      - name: "Install Kubectl"
+        run: ./tests/scripts/install-kubectl.sh
+      - name: "Run database deployment test"
+        run: |
+          source /opt/bash-utils/cgroup-helper.sh
+          join_cgroup
+          ./tests/database/run-test.sh
+
--- a/.gitea/workflows/test-k8s-deploy.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/test-k8s-deploy.yml
@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 name: K8s Deploy Test

 on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: '*'
  push:
    branches: '*'
    paths:
@ -8,6 +10,8 @@ on:
      - '.gitea/workflows/triggers/test-k8s-deploy'
      - '.gitea/workflows/test-k8s-deploy.yml'
      - 'tests/k8s-deploy/run-deploy-test.sh'
+  schedule: # Note: coordinate with other tests to not overload runners at the same time of day
+    - cron: '3 15 * * *'

 jobs:
  test:
--- a/.gitea/workflows/triggers/test-database
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/triggers/test-database
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Change this file to trigger running the test-database CI job
+Trigger test run
--- a/.gitea/workflows/triggers/test-k8s-deploy
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/triggers/test-k8s-deploy
@ -1 +1,2 @@
 Change this file to trigger running the test-k8s-deploy CI job
+Trigger test on PR branch
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ chmod +x ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
 Next decide on a directory where you would like to put the stack-orchestrator program. Typically this would be 
 a "user" binary directory such as `~/bin` or perhaps `/usr/local/laconic` or possibly just the current working directory.

-Now, having selected that directory, download the latest release from [this page](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/tags) into it (we're using `~/bin` below for concreteness but edit to suit if you selected a different directory). Also be sure that the destination directory exists and is writable:
+Now, having selected that directory, download the latest release from [this page](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/tags) into it (we're using `~/bin` below for concreteness but edit to suit if you selected a different directory). Also be sure that the destination directory exists and is writable:

 ```bash
-curl -L -o ~/bin/laconic-so https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/latest/download/laconic-so
+curl -L -o ~/bin/laconic-so https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/download/latest/laconic-so
 ```

 Give it execute permissions:
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Version: 1.1.0-7a607c2-202304260513
 Save the distribution url to `~/.laconic-so/config.yml`:
 ```bash
 mkdir ~/.laconic-so
-echo "distribution-url: https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/latest/download/laconic-so" >  ~/.laconic-so/config.yml
+echo "distribution-url: https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/download/latest/laconic-so" >  ~/.laconic-so/config.yml
 ```

 ### Update
--- a/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ In addition to the pre-requisites listed in the [README](/README.md), the follow

 1. Clone this repository:
   ```
-   $ git clone https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator.git
+   $ git clone https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator.git
   ```

 2. Enter the project directory:
--- a/docs/adding-a-new-stack.md
+++ b/docs/adding-a-new-stack.md
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Adding a new stack

-See [this PR](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/pull/434) for an example of how to currently add a minimal stack to stack orchestrator. The [reth stack](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/pull/435) is another good example.
+See [this PR](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/pull/434) for an example of how to currently add a minimal stack to stack orchestrator. The [reth stack](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/pull/435) is another good example.

 For external developers, we recommend forking this repo and adding your stack directly to your fork. This initially requires running in "developer mode" as described [here](/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md). Check out the [Namada stack](https://github.com/vknowable/stack-orchestrator/blob/main/app/data/stacks/public-namada/digitalocean_quickstart.md) from Knowable to see how that is done.

-Core to the feature completeness of stack orchestrator is to [decouple the tool functionality from payload](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/issues/315) which will no longer require forking to add a stack.
+Core to the feature completeness of stack orchestrator is to [decouple the tool functionality from payload](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/issues/315) which will no longer require forking to add a stack.

 ## Example

--- a/docs/spec.md
+++ b/docs/spec.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Specification

-Note: this page is out of date (but still useful) - it will no longer be useful once stacks are [decoupled from the tool functionality](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/issues/315).
+Note: this page is out of date (but still useful) - it will no longer be useful once stacks are [decoupled from the tool functionality](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/issues/315).

 ## Implementation

--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ pydantic==1.10.9
 tomli==2.0.1
 validators==0.22.0
 kubernetes>=28.1.0
+humanfriendly>=10.0
--- a/scripts/cloud-init-dev-mode-install.yaml
+++ b/scripts/cloud-init-dev-mode-install.yaml
@ -41,4 +41,4 @@ runcmd:
  - apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
  - systemctl enable docker
  - systemctl start docker
-  - git clone https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator.git /home/ubuntu/stack-orchestrator
+  - git clone https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator.git /home/ubuntu/stack-orchestrator
--- a/scripts/cloud-init-user-mode-install.yaml
+++ b/scripts/cloud-init-user-mode-install.yaml
@ -31,5 +31,5 @@ runcmd:
  - apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
  - systemctl enable docker
  - systemctl start docker
-  - curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/laconic-so https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/latest/download/laconic-so
+  - curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/laconic-so https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/download/latest/laconic-so
  - chmod +x /usr/local/bin/laconic-so
--- a/scripts/quick-deploy-test.sh
+++ b/scripts/quick-deploy-test.sh
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Beginnings of a script to quickly spin up and test a deployment
+if [[ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]]; then
+    set -x
+fi
+if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
+	stack_name=$1
+else
+	stack_name="test"
+fi
+spec_file_name="${stack_name}-spec.yml"
+deployment_dir_name="${stack_name}-deployment"
+rm -f ${spec_file_name}
+rm -rf ${deployment_dir_name}
+laconic-so --stack ${stack_name} deploy --deploy-to k8s-kind init --output ${spec_file_name}
+laconic-so --stack ${stack_name} deploy --deploy-to k8s-kind create --deployment-dir ${deployment_dir_name} --spec-file ${spec_file_name}
+#laconic-so deployment --dir ${deployment_dir_name} start
+#laconic-so deployment --dir ${deployment_dir_name} ps
+#laconic-so deployment --dir ${deployment_dir_name} stop
--- a/scripts/quick-install-linux.sh
+++ b/scripts/quick-install-linux.sh
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ fi
 echo "**************************************************************************************"
 echo "Installing laconic-so"
 # install latest `laconic-so`
-distribution_url=https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/latest/download/laconic-so
+distribution_url=https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/download/latest/laconic-so
 install_filename=${install_dir}/laconic-so
 mkdir -p  ${install_dir}
 curl -L -o ${install_filename} ${distribution_url}
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ setup(
    description='Orchestrates deployment of the Laconic stack',
    long_description=long_description,
    long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
-    url='https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator',
+    url='https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator',
    py_modules=['stack_orchestrator'],
    packages=find_packages(),
    install_requires=[requirements],
--- a/stack_orchestrator/build/build_containers.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/build/build_containers.py
@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from stack_orchestrator.base import get_npm_registry_url
 # TODO: find a place for this
 #    epilog="Config provided either in .env or settings.ini or env vars: CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR (defaults to ~/cerc)"

+
 def make_container_build_env(dev_root_path: str,
                             container_build_dir: str,
                             debug: bool,
@ -104,6 +105,9 @@ def process_container(stack: str,
        build_command = os.path.join(container_build_dir,
                                     "default-build.sh") + f" {default_container_tag} {repo_dir_or_build_dir}"
    if not dry_run:
+        # No PATH at all causes failures with podman.
+        if "PATH" not in container_build_env:
+            container_build_env["PATH"] = os.environ["PATH"]
        if verbose:
            print(f"Executing: {build_command} with environment: {container_build_env}")
        build_result = subprocess.run(build_command, shell=True, env=container_build_env)
@ -119,6 +123,7 @@ def process_container(stack: str,
    else:
        print("Skipped")

+
@click.command()
@click.option('--include', help="only build these containers")
@click.option('--exclude', help="don\'t build these containers")
--- a/stack_orchestrator/build/build_webapp.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/build/build_webapp.py
@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ from decouple import config
 import click
 from pathlib import Path
 from stack_orchestrator.build import build_containers
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.webapp.util import determine_base_container


@click.command()
-@click.option('--base-container', default="cerc/nextjs-base")
+@click.option('--base-container')
@click.option('--source-repo', help="directory containing the webapp to build", required=True)
@click.option("--force-rebuild", is_flag=True, default=False, help="Override dependency checking -- always rebuild")
@click.option("--extra-build-args", help="Supply extra arguments to build")
@ -57,6 +58,9 @@ def command(ctx, base_container, source_repo, force_rebuild, extra_build_args, t
    if not quiet:
        print(f'Dev Root is: {dev_root_path}')

+    if not base_container:
+        base_container = determine_base_container(source_repo)
+
    # First build the base container.
    container_build_env = build_containers.make_container_build_env(dev_root_path, container_build_dir, debug,
                                                                    force_rebuild, extra_build_args)
@ -64,13 +68,12 @@ def command(ctx, base_container, source_repo, force_rebuild, extra_build_args, t
    build_containers.process_container(None, base_container, container_build_dir, container_build_env, dev_root_path, quiet,
                                       verbose, dry_run, continue_on_error)

-
    # Now build the target webapp.  We use the same build script, but with a different Dockerfile and work dir.
    container_build_env["CERC_WEBAPP_BUILD_RUNNING"] = "true"
    container_build_env["CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_WORK_DIR"] = os.path.abspath(source_repo)
    container_build_env["CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_DOCKERFILE"] = os.path.join(container_build_dir,
-                                                                    base_container.replace("/", "-"),
-                                                                    "Dockerfile.webapp")
+                                                                          base_container.replace("/", "-"),
+                                                                          "Dockerfile.webapp")
    if not tag:
        webapp_name = os.path.abspath(source_repo).split(os.path.sep)[-1]
        container_build_env["CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG"] = f"cerc/{webapp_name}:local"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/constants.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/constants.py
@ -27,6 +27,12 @@ kube_config_key = "kube-config"
 deploy_to_key = "deploy-to"
 network_key = "network"
 http_proxy_key = "http-proxy"
-image_resigtry_key = "image-registry"
+image_registry_key = "image-registry"
+configmaps_key = "configmaps"
+resources_key = "resources"
+volumes_key = "volumes"
+security_key = "security"
+annotations_key = "annotations"
+labels_key = "labels"
 kind_config_filename = "kind-config.yml"
 kube_config_filename = "kubeconfig.yml"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-mars.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-mars.yml
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+version: "3.2"
+
+services:
+  mars:
+    image: cerc/mars:local
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000"
+    environment:
+      - URL_OSMOSIS_GQL=https://osmosis-node.marsprotocol.io/GGSFGSFGFG34/osmosis-hive-front/graphql
+      - URL_OSMOSIS_REST=https://lcd-osmosis.blockapsis.com
+      - URL_OSMOSIS_RPC=https://rpc-osmosis.blockapsis.com
+      - URL_NEUTRON_GQL=https://neutron.rpc.p2p.world/qgrnU6PsQZA8F9S5Fb8Fn3tV3kXmMBl2M9bcc9jWLjQy8p/hive/graphql
+      - URL_NEUTRON_REST=https://rest-kralum.neutron-1.neutron.org
+      - URL_NEUTRON_RPC=https://rpc-kralum.neutron-1.neutron.org
+      - URL_NEUTRON_TEST_GQL=https://testnet-neutron-gql.marsprotocol.io/graphql
+      - URL_NEUTRON_TEST_REST=https://rest-palvus.pion-1.ntrn.tech
+      - URL_NEUTRON_TEST_RPC=https://rpc-palvus.pion-1.ntrn.tech
+      - WALLET_CONNECT_ID=0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x0x
+
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-ping-pub.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-ping-pub.yml
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+version: "3.2"
+
+services:
+  ping-pub:
+    image: cerc/ping-pub:local
+    restart: always
+    ports:
+      - "5173:5173"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-test-database.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-test-database.yml
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+services:
+
+  database:
+    image: cerc/test-database-container:local
+    restart: always
+    volumes:
+      - db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_USER: "test-user"
+      POSTGRES_DB: "test-db"
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: "password"
+      POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS: "-E UTF8 --locale=C"
+    ports:
+      - "5432"
+    
+  test-client:
+    image: cerc/test-database-client:local
+
+volumes:
+  db-data:
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-test.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-test.yml
@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ services:
    environment:
      CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG: ${CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG}
      CERC_TEST_PARAM_1: ${CERC_TEST_PARAM_1:-FAILED}
+      CERC_TEST_PARAM_2: "CERC_TEST_PARAM_2_VALUE"
    volumes:
-      - test-data:/data
+      - test-data-bind:/data
+      - test-data-auto:/data2
+      - test-config:/config:ro
    ports:
      - "80"

 volumes:
-  test-data:
+  test-data-bind:
+  test-data-auto:
+  test-config:
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-webapp-template.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/compose/docker-compose-webapp-template.yml
@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ services:
    environment:
      CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG: ${CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG}
    ports:
-      - "3000"
+      - "80"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-mars/build.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-mars/build.sh
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build the mars image
+source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
+docker build -t cerc/mars:local -f ${CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR}/mars-interface/Dockerfile ${build_command_args} ${CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR}/mars-interface
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-nextjs-base/Dockerfile
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-nextjs-base/Dockerfile
@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ RUN \

 # [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional OS packages.
 RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
-    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends jq gettext-base
+    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends jq gettext-base procps

 # [Optional] Uncomment if you want to install more global node modules
 # RUN su node -c "npm install -g <your-package-list-here>"

 # Expose port for http
-EXPOSE 3000
+EXPOSE 80

 COPY /scripts /scripts

--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-nextjs-base/scripts/start-serving-app.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-nextjs-base/scripts/start-serving-app.sh
@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ if [ "$CERC_NEXTJS_SKIP_GENERATE" != "true" ]; then
  fi
 fi

-$CERC_BUILD_TOOL start . -p ${CERC_LISTEN_PORT:-3000}
+$CERC_BUILD_TOOL start . -- -p ${CERC_LISTEN_PORT:-80}
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-ping-pub/build.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-ping-pub/build.sh
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build the ping pub image
+source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
+
+docker build -t cerc/ping-pub:local ${build_command_args} -f $CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR/explorer/Dockerfile $CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR/explorer
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-container/run.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-container/run.sh
@ -1,21 +1,58 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
+
 if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
  set -x
 fi
-# Test if the container's filesystem is old (run previously) or new
-EXISTSFILENAME=/data/exists
+
 echo "Test container starting"
-if [[ -f "$EXISTSFILENAME" ]];
-then
-    TIMESTAMP=`cat $EXISTSFILENAME`
-    echo "Filesystem is old, created: $TIMESTAMP" 
+
+DATA_DEVICE=$(df | grep "/data$" | awk '{ print $1 }')
+if [[ -n "$DATA_DEVICE" ]]; then
+  echo "/data: MOUNTED dev=${DATA_DEVICE}"
 else
-    echo "Filesystem is fresh"
-    echo `date` > $EXISTSFILENAME
+  echo "/data: not mounted"
 fi
+
+DATA2_DEVICE=$(df | grep "/data2$" | awk '{ print $1 }')
+if [[ -n "$DATA_DEVICE" ]]; then
+  echo "/data2: MOUNTED dev=${DATA2_DEVICE}"
+else
+  echo "/data2: not mounted"
+fi
+
+# Test if the container's filesystem is old (run previously) or new
+for d in /data /data2; do
+  if [[ -f "$d/exists" ]];
+  then
+      TIMESTAMP=`cat $d/exists`
+      echo "$d filesystem is old, created: $TIMESTAMP"
+  else
+      echo "$d filesystem is fresh"
+      echo `date` > $d/exists
+  fi
+done
+
 if [ -n "$CERC_TEST_PARAM_1" ]; then
  echo "Test-param-1: ${CERC_TEST_PARAM_1}"
 fi
+if [ -n "$CERC_TEST_PARAM_2" ]; then
+  echo "Test-param-2: ${CERC_TEST_PARAM_2}"
+fi
+
+if [ -d "/config" ]; then
+  echo "/config: EXISTS"
+  for f in /config/*; do
+    if [[ -f "$f" ]] || [[ -L "$f" ]]; then
+      echo "$f:"
+      cat "$f"
+      echo ""
+      echo ""
+    fi
+  done
+else
+  echo "/config: does NOT EXIST"
+fi
+
 # Run nginx which will block here forever
 /usr/sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-client/Dockerfile
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-client/Dockerfile
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+
+RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive && export DEBCONF_NOWARNINGS="yes" && \
+    apt-get install -y software-properties-common && \
+    apt-get install -y postgresql-client && \
+    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
+
+EXPOSE 80
+
+COPY run.sh /app/run.sh
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/app/run.sh"]
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-client/build.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-client/build.sh
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build cerc/test-container
+source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
+SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
+docker build -t cerc/test-database-client:local -f ${SCRIPT_DIR}/Dockerfile ${build_command_args} $SCRIPT_DIR
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-client/run.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-client/run.sh
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
+  set -x
+fi
+
+# TODO derive this from config
+database_url="postgresql://test-user:password@localhost:5432/test-db"
+psql_command="psql ${database_url}"
+program_name="Database test client:"
+
+wait_for_database_up () {
+    for i in {1..50}
+    do
+        ${psql_command} -c "select 1;"
+        psql_succeeded=$?
+        if [[ ${psql_succeeded} == 0 ]]; then
+            # if ready, return
+            echo "${program_name} database up"
+            return
+        else
+            # if not ready, wait
+            echo "${program_name} waiting for database: ${i}"
+            sleep 5
+        fi
+    done
+    # Timed out, error exit
+    echo "${program_name} waiting for database: FAILED"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Used to synchronize with the test runner
+notify_test_complete () {
+    echo "${program_name} test complete"
+}
+
+does_test_data_exist () {
+    query_result=$(${psql_command} -t -c "select count(*) from test_table_1 where key_column = 'test_key_1';" | head -1 | tr -d ' ')
+    if [[ "${query_result}" == "1" ]]; then
+        return 0
+    else
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+create_test_data () {
+    ${psql_command} -c "create table test_table_1 (key_column text, value_column text, primary key(key_column));"
+    ${psql_command} -c "insert into test_table_1 values ('test_key_1', 'test_value_1');"
+}
+
+wait_forever() {
+    # Loop to keep docker/k8s happy since this is the container entrypoint
+    while :; do sleep 600; done
+}
+
+wait_for_database_up
+
+# Check if the test database content exists already
+if does_test_data_exist; then
+    # If so, log saying so. Test harness will look for this log output
+    echo "${program_name} test data already exists"
+else
+    # Otherwise log saying the content was not present
+    echo "${program_name} test data does not exist"
+    echo "${program_name} creating test data"
+    # then create it
+    create_test_data
+fi
+
+notify_test_complete
+wait_forever
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-container/Dockerfile
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-container/Dockerfile
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+FROM postgres:16-bullseye
+
+EXPOSE 5432
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-container/build.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-test-database-container/build.sh
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build cerc/test-container
+source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
+SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
+docker build -t cerc/test-database-container:local -f ${SCRIPT_DIR}/Dockerfile ${build_command_args} $SCRIPT_DIR
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/Dockerfile
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/Dockerfile
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Originally from: https://github.com/devcontainers/images/blob/main/src/javascript-node/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
 # [Choice] Node.js version (use -bullseye variants on local arm64/Apple Silicon): 18, 16, 14, 18-bullseye, 16-bullseye, 14-bullseye, 18-buster, 16-buster, 14-buster
-ARG VARIANT=18-bullseye
+ARG VARIANT=20-bullseye
 FROM node:${VARIANT}

 ARG USERNAME=node
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ RUN \

 # [Optional] Uncomment this section to install additional OS packages.
 RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
-    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends jq
+    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends jq gettext-base

 # [Optional] Uncomment if you want to install an additional version of node using nvm
 # ARG EXTRA_NODE_VERSION=10
@ -37,9 +37,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
 # We do this to get a yq binary from the published container, for the correct architecture we're building here
 COPY --from=docker.io/mikefarah/yq:latest /usr/bin/yq /usr/local/bin/yq

-RUN mkdir -p /scripts
-COPY ./apply-webapp-config.sh /scripts
-COPY ./start-serving-app.sh /scripts
+COPY scripts /scripts

 # [Optional] Uncomment if you want to install more global node modules
 # RUN su node -c "npm install -g <your-package-list-here>"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/Dockerfile.webapp
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/Dockerfile.webapp
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+FROM cerc/webapp-base:local as builder
+
+ARG CERC_BUILD_TOOL
+
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY . .
+RUN rm -rf node_modules build .next*
+RUN /scripts/build-app.sh /app build /data
+
+FROM cerc/webapp-base:local
+COPY --from=builder /data /data
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/build.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/build.sh
@ -1,9 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Build cerc/laconic-registry-cli
+# Build cerc/webapp-base

 source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh

 # See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/246128/1701505
 SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )

-docker build -t cerc/webapp-base:local ${build_command_args} -f ${SCRIPT_DIR}/Dockerfile ${SCRIPT_DIR}
+CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_WORK_DIR=${CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_WORK_DIR:-$SCRIPT_DIR}
+CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_DOCKERFILE=${CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_DOCKERFILE:-$SCRIPT_DIR/Dockerfile}
+CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG=${CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG:-cerc/webapp-base:local}
+
+docker build -t $CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG ${build_command_args} -f $CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_DOCKERFILE $CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_WORK_DIR
+
+if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ "$CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG" != "cerc/webapp-base:local" ]; then
+  cat <<EOF
+
+#################################################################
+
+Built host container for $CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_WORK_DIR with tag:
+
+    $CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG
+
+To test locally run:
+
+    laconic-so run-webapp --image $CERC_CONTAINER_BUILD_TAG --env-file /path/to/environment.env
+
+EOF
+fi
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/apply-runtime-env.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/apply-runtime-env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
+    set -x
+fi
+
+WORK_DIR="${1:-./}"
+
+cd "${WORK_DIR}" || exit 1
+
+if [ -f ".env" ]; then
+  TMP_ENV=`mktemp`
+  declare -px > $TMP_ENV
+  set -a
+  source .env
+  source $TMP_ENV
+  set +a
+  rm -f $TMP_ENV
+fi
+
+for f in $(find . -regex ".*.[tj]sx?$" -type f | grep -v 'node_modules'); do
+  for e in $(cat "${f}" | tr -s '[:blank:]' '\n' | tr -s '[{},();]' '\n' | egrep -o -e '^"CERC_RUNTIME_ENV_[^\"]+"' -e '^"LACONIC_HOSTED_CONFIG_[^\"]+"'); do
+    orig_name=$(echo -n "${e}" | sed 's/"//g')
+    cur_name=$(echo -n "${orig_name}" | sed 's/CERC_RUNTIME_ENV_//g')
+    cur_val=$(echo -n "\$${cur_name}" | envsubst)
+    if [ "$CERC_RETAIN_ENV_QUOTES" != "true" ]; then
+      cur_val=$(sed "s/^[\"']//" <<< "$cur_val" | sed "s/[\"']//")
+    fi
+    esc_val=$(sed 's/[&/\]/\\&/g' <<< "$cur_val")
+    echo "$f: $cur_name=$cur_val"
+    sed -i "s/$orig_name/$esc_val/g" $f
+  done
+done
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/apply-webapp-config.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/apply-webapp-config.sh
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/build-app.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/build-app.sh
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
+
+if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
+    set -x
+fi
+
+CERC_BUILD_TOOL="${CERC_BUILD_TOOL}"
+WORK_DIR="${1:-/app}"
+OUTPUT_DIR="${2:-build}"
+DEST_DIR="${3:-/data}"
+
+if [ -f "${WORK_DIR}/package.json" ]; then
+  echo "Building node-based webapp ..."
+  cd "${WORK_DIR}" || exit 1
+
+  if [ -z "$CERC_BUILD_TOOL" ]; then
+    if [ -f "yarn.lock" ]; then
+      CERC_BUILD_TOOL=yarn
+    else
+      CERC_BUILD_TOOL=npm
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  $CERC_BUILD_TOOL install || exit 1
+  $CERC_BUILD_TOOL build || exit 1
+
+  rm -rf "${DEST_DIR}"
+  mv "${WORK_DIR}/${OUTPUT_DIR}" "${DEST_DIR}"
+else
+  echo "Copying static app ..."
+  mv "${WORK_DIR}" "${DEST_DIR}"
+fi
+
+exit 0
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/start-serving-app.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/scripts/start-serving-app.sh
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
+    set -x
+fi
+
+CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR="${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR:-/data}"
+CERC_ENABLE_CORS="${CERC_ENABLE_CORS:-false}"
+
+if [ "true" == "$CERC_ENABLE_CORS" ]; then
+  CERC_HTTP_EXTRA_ARGS="$CERC_HTTP_EXTRA_ARGS --cors"
+fi
+
+/scripts/apply-webapp-config.sh /config/config.yml ${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR}
+/scripts/apply-runtime-env.sh ${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR}
+http-server $CERC_HTTP_EXTRA_ARGS -p ${CERC_LISTEN_PORT:-80} ${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR}
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/start-serving-app.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-base/start-serving-app.sh
@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
-    set -x
-fi
-
-CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR="${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR:-/data}"
-
-/scripts/apply-webapp-config.sh /config/config.yml ${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR}
-http-server -p 80 ${CERC_WEBAPP_FILES_DIR}
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-deployer-backend/build.sh
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/container-build/cerc-webapp-deployer-backend/build.sh
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build cerc/webapp-deployer-backend
+
+source ${CERC_CONTAINER_BASE_DIR}/build-base.sh
+
+# See: https://stackoverflow.com/a/246128/1701505
+SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
+
+docker build -t cerc/webapp-deployer-backend:local ${build_command_args} ${CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR}/webapp-deployment-status-api
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/fixturenet-eth/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/fixturenet-eth/README.md
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # fixturenet-eth

-Instructions for deploying a local a geth + lighthouse blockchain "fixturenet" for development and testing purposes using laconic-stack-orchestrator (the installation of which is covered [here](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator)):
+Instructions for deploying a local a geth + lighthouse blockchain "fixturenet" for development and testing purposes using laconic-stack-orchestrator (the installation of which is covered [here](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator)):

 ## Clone required repositories

--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/fixturenet-laconic-loaded/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/fixturenet-laconic-loaded/README.md
@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ Instructions for deploying a local Laconic blockchain "fixturenet" for developme
 **Note:** For building some NPMs, access to the @lirewine repositories is required. If you don't have access, see [this tutorial](/docs/laconicd-fixturenet.md) to run this stack

 ## 1. Install Laconic Stack Orchestrator
-Installation is covered in detail [here](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator#user-mode) but if you're on Linux and already have docker installed it should be as simple as:
+Installation is covered in detail [here](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator#user-mode) but if you're on Linux and already have docker installed it should be as simple as:
 ```
 $ mkdir my-working-dir
 $ cd my-working-dir
-$ curl -L -o ./laconic-so https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/latest/download/laconic-so
+$ curl -L -o ./laconic-so https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/download/latest/laconic-so
 $ chmod +x ./laconic-so
 $ export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)  # Or move laconic-so to ~/bin or your favorite on-path directory
 ```
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/fixturenet-laconicd/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/fixturenet-laconicd/README.md
@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 Instructions for deploying a local Laconic blockchain "fixturenet" for development and testing purposes using laconic-stack-orchestrator.

 ## 1. Install Laconic Stack Orchestrator
-Installation is covered in detail [here](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator#user-mode) but if you're on Linux and already have docker installed it should be as simple as:
+Installation is covered in detail [here](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator#user-mode) but if you're on Linux and already have docker installed it should be as simple as:
 ```
 $ mkdir my-working-dir
 $ cd my-working-dir
-$ curl -L -o ./laconic-so https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/latest/download/laconic-so
+$ curl -L -o ./laconic-so https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator/releases/download/latest/laconic-so
 $ chmod +x ./laconic-so
 $ export PATH=$PATH:$(pwd)  # Or move laconic-so to ~/bin or your favorite on-path directory
 ```
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mainnet-eth/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mainnet-eth/README.md
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ $ laconic-so --stack mainnet-eth build-containers

 ```
 $ laconic-so --stack mainnet-eth deploy init --map-ports-to-host any-same --output mainnet-eth-spec.yml
-$ laconic-so deploy create --spec-file mainnet-eth-spec.yml --deployment-dir mainnet-eth-deployment
+$ laconic-so deploy --stack mainnet-eth create --spec-file mainnet-eth-spec.yml --deployment-dir mainnet-eth-deployment
 ```
 ## Start the stack
 ```
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mars/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mars/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# mars
+
+On a fresh Digital Ocean droplet with Ubuntu:
+
+```
+git clone https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator
+cd stack-orchestrator
+./scripts/quick-install-linux.sh
+```
+Read and follow the instructions output from the above output to complete installation, then:
+
+```
+laconic-so --stack mars setup-repositories
+laconic-so --stack mars build-containers
+laconic-so --stack mars deploy up
+```
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mars/stack.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mars/stack.yml
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+version: "0.1"
+name: mars
+repos:
+  - github.com/cerc-io/mars-interface
+containers:
+  - cerc/mars
+pods:
+  - mars
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mobymask/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/mobymask/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The MobyMask watcher is a Laconic Network component that provides efficient acce

 ## Deploy the MobyMask Watcher

-The instructions below show how to deploy a MobyMask watcher using laconic-stack-orchestrator (the installation of which is covered [here](https://github.com/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator#install)).
+The instructions below show how to deploy a MobyMask watcher using laconic-stack-orchestrator (the installation of which is covered [here](https://git.vdb.to/cerc-io/stack-orchestrator#install)).

 This deployment expects that ipld-eth-server's endpoints are available on the local machine at http://ipld-eth-server.example.com:8083/graphql and http://ipld-eth-server.example.com:8082. More advanced configurations are supported by modifying the watcher's [config file](../../config/watcher-mobymask/mobymask-watcher.toml).

--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/ping-pub/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/ping-pub/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# ping-pub
+Experimental block explorer for laconic
+
+```
+laconic-so --stack ping-pub setup-repositories
+laconic-so --stack ping-pub build-containers
+laconic-so --stack ping-pub deploy init --output ping-pub-spec.yml --map-ports-to-host localhost-same
+laconic-so --stack ping-pub deploy create --spec-file ping-pub-spec.yml --deployment-dir pp-deployment
+laconic-so deployment --dir pp-deployment start
+```
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/ping-pub/stack.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/ping-pub/stack.yml
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: "0.1"
+name: ping-pub
+repos:
+  # fork, but only for config & Dockerfile reasonsb
+  - github.com/LaconicNetwork/explorer@laconic
+containers:
+  - cerc/ping-pub
+pods:
+  - ping-pub
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/test-database/README.md
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/test-database/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Test Database Stack
+
+A stack with a database for test/demo purposes.
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/test-database/stack.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/test-database/stack.yml
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+version: "1.0"
+name: test
+description: "A test database stack"
+repos:
+containers:
+  - cerc/test-database-container
+  - cerc/test-database-client
+pods:
+  - test-database
--- a/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/webapp-deployer-backend/stack.yml
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/data/stacks/webapp-deployer-backend/stack.yml
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+version: "1.0"
+name: webapp-deployer-backend
+description: "Deployer for webapps"
+repos:
+  - git.vdb.to/telackey/webapp-deployment-status-api
+containers:
+  - cerc/webapp-deployer-backend
+pods:
+  - name: webapp-deployer-backend
+    repository: git.vdb.to/telackey/webapp-deployment-status-api
+    path: ./
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/compose/deploy_docker.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/compose/deploy_docker.py
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from python_on_whales import DockerClient, DockerException
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployer import Deployer, DeployerException, DeployerConfigGenerator
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployment_context import DeploymentContext
+from stack_orchestrator.opts import opts


 class DockerDeployer(Deployer):
@ -29,60 +30,69 @@ class DockerDeployer(Deployer):
        self.type = type

    def up(self, detach, services):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.up(detach=detach, services=services)
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.up(detach=detach, services=services)
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def down(self, timeout, volumes):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.down(timeout=timeout, volumes=volumes)
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.down(timeout=timeout, volumes=volumes)
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def update(self):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.restart()
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.restart()
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def status(self):
-        try:
-            for p in self.docker.compose.ps():
-                print(f"{p.name}\t{p.state.status}")
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                for p in self.docker.compose.ps():
+                    print(f"{p.name}\t{p.state.status}")
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def ps(self):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.ps()
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.ps()
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def port(self, service, private_port):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.port(service=service, private_port=private_port)
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.port(service=service, private_port=private_port)
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def execute(self, service, command, tty, envs):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.execute(service=service, command=command, tty=tty, envs=envs)
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.execute(service=service, command=command, tty=tty, envs=envs)
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def logs(self, services, tail, follow, stream):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.compose.logs(services=services, tail=tail, follow=follow, stream=stream)
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.compose.logs(services=services, tail=tail, follow=follow, stream=stream)
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)

    def run(self, image: str, command=None, user=None, volumes=None, entrypoint=None, env={}, ports=[], detach=False):
-        try:
-            return self.docker.run(image=image, command=command, user=user, volumes=volumes,
-                                   entrypoint=entrypoint, envs=env, detach=detach, publish=ports, publish_all=len(ports) == 0)
-        except DockerException as e:
-            raise DeployerException(e)
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            try:
+                return self.docker.run(image=image, command=command, user=user, volumes=volumes,
+                                       entrypoint=entrypoint, envs=env, detach=detach, publish=ports, publish_all=len(ports) == 0)
+            except DockerException as e:
+                raise DeployerException(e)


 class DockerDeployerConfigGenerator(DeployerConfigGenerator):
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/deploy.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/deploy.py
@ -85,54 +85,39 @@ def create_deploy_context(
 def up_operation(ctx, services_list, stay_attached=False):
    global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
    deploy_context = ctx.obj
-    if not global_context.dry_run:
-        cluster_context = deploy_context.cluster_context
-        container_exec_env = _make_runtime_env(global_context)
-        for attr, value in container_exec_env.items():
-            os.environ[attr] = value
-        if global_context.verbose:
-            print(f"Running compose up with container_exec_env: {container_exec_env}, extra_args: {services_list}")
-        for pre_start_command in cluster_context.pre_start_commands:
-            _run_command(global_context, cluster_context.cluster, pre_start_command)
-        deploy_context.deployer.up(detach=not stay_attached, services=services_list)
-        for post_start_command in cluster_context.post_start_commands:
-            _run_command(global_context, cluster_context.cluster, post_start_command)
-        _orchestrate_cluster_config(global_context, cluster_context.config, deploy_context.deployer, container_exec_env)
+    cluster_context = deploy_context.cluster_context
+    container_exec_env = _make_runtime_env(global_context)
+    for attr, value in container_exec_env.items():
+        os.environ[attr] = value
+    if global_context.verbose:
+        print(f"Running compose up with container_exec_env: {container_exec_env}, extra_args: {services_list}")
+    for pre_start_command in cluster_context.pre_start_commands:
+        _run_command(global_context, cluster_context.cluster, pre_start_command)
+    deploy_context.deployer.up(detach=not stay_attached, services=services_list)
+    for post_start_command in cluster_context.post_start_commands:
+        _run_command(global_context, cluster_context.cluster, post_start_command)
+    _orchestrate_cluster_config(global_context, cluster_context.config, deploy_context.deployer, container_exec_env)


 def down_operation(ctx, delete_volumes, extra_args_list):
-    global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
-    if not global_context.dry_run:
-        if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose down")
-        timeout_arg = None
-        if extra_args_list:
-            timeout_arg = extra_args_list[0]
-        # Specify shutdown timeout (default 10s) to give services enough time to shutdown gracefully
-        ctx.obj.deployer.down(timeout=timeout_arg, volumes=delete_volumes)
+    timeout_arg = None
+    if extra_args_list:
+        timeout_arg = extra_args_list[0]
+    # Specify shutdown timeout (default 10s) to give services enough time to shutdown gracefully
+    ctx.obj.deployer.down(timeout=timeout_arg, volumes=delete_volumes)


 def status_operation(ctx):
-    global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
-    if not global_context.dry_run:
-        if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose status")
-        ctx.obj.deployer.status()
+    ctx.obj.deployer.status()


 def update_operation(ctx):
-    global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
-    if not global_context.dry_run:
-        if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose update")
-        ctx.obj.deployer.update()
+    ctx.obj.deployer.update()


 def ps_operation(ctx):
    global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
    if not global_context.dry_run:
-        if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose ps")
        container_list = ctx.obj.deployer.ps()
        if len(container_list) > 0:
            print("Running containers:")
@ -187,15 +172,11 @@ def exec_operation(ctx, extra_args):


 def logs_operation(ctx, tail: int, follow: bool, extra_args: str):
-    global_context = ctx.parent.parent.obj
    extra_args_list = list(extra_args) or None
-    if not global_context.dry_run:
-        if global_context.verbose:
-            print("Running compose logs")
-        services_list = extra_args_list if extra_args_list is not None else []
-        logs_stream = ctx.obj.deployer.logs(services=services_list, tail=tail, follow=follow, stream=True)
-        for stream_type, stream_content in logs_stream:
-            print(stream_content.decode("utf-8"), end="")
+    services_list = extra_args_list if extra_args_list is not None else []
+    logs_stream = ctx.obj.deployer.logs(services=services_list, tail=tail, follow=follow, stream=True)
+    for stream_type, stream_content in logs_stream:
+        print(stream_content.decode("utf-8"), end="")


@command.command()
@ -347,8 +328,8 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
            else:
                if deployment:
                    compose_file_name = os.path.join(compose_dir, f"docker-compose-{pod_name}.yml")
-                    pod_pre_start_command = pod["pre_start_command"]
-                    pod_post_start_command = pod["post_start_command"]
+                    pod_pre_start_command = pod.get("pre_start_command")
+                    pod_post_start_command = pod.get("post_start_command")
                    script_dir = compose_dir.parent.joinpath("pods", pod_name, "scripts")
                    if pod_pre_start_command is not None:
                        pre_start_commands.append(os.path.join(script_dir, pod_pre_start_command))
@ -357,8 +338,8 @@ def _make_cluster_context(ctx, stack, include, exclude, cluster, env_file):
                else:
                    pod_root_dir = os.path.join(dev_root_path, pod_repository.split("/")[-1], pod["path"])
                    compose_file_name = os.path.join(pod_root_dir, f"docker-compose-{pod_name}.yml")
-                    pod_pre_start_command = pod["pre_start_command"]
-                    pod_post_start_command = pod["post_start_command"]
+                    pod_pre_start_command = pod.get("pre_start_command")
+                    pod_post_start_command = pod.get("post_start_command")
                    if pod_pre_start_command is not None:
                        pre_start_commands.append(os.path.join(pod_root_dir, pod_pre_start_command))
                    if pod_post_start_command is not None:
@ -463,7 +444,7 @@ def _orchestrate_cluster_config(ctx, cluster_config, deployer, container_exec_en
                                                              tty=False,
                                                              envs=container_exec_env)
                        waiting_for_data = False
-                    if ctx.debug:
+                    if ctx.debug and not waiting_for_data:
                        print(f"destination output: {destination_output}")


--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/deployer_factory.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/deployer_factory.py
@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.deploy_k8s import K8sDeployer, K8sDeployerCon
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.compose.deploy_docker import DockerDeployer, DockerDeployerConfigGenerator


-def getDeployerConfigGenerator(type: str):
+def getDeployerConfigGenerator(type: str, deployment_context):
    if type == "compose" or type is None:
        return DockerDeployerConfigGenerator(type)
    elif type == constants.k8s_deploy_type or type == constants.k8s_kind_deploy_type:
-        return K8sDeployerConfigGenerator(type)
+        return K8sDeployerConfigGenerator(type, deployment_context)
    else:
        print(f"ERROR: deploy-to {type} is not valid")

--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/deployment_create.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/deployment_create.py
@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from stack_orchestrator.opts import opts
 from stack_orchestrator.util import (get_stack_file_path, get_parsed_deployment_spec, get_parsed_stack_config,
                                     global_options, get_yaml, get_pod_list, get_pod_file_path, pod_has_scripts,
                                     get_pod_script_paths, get_plugin_code_paths, error_exit, env_var_map_from_file)
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.spec import Spec
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deploy_types import LaconicStackSetupCommand
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployer_factory import getDeployerConfigGenerator
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployment_context import DeploymentContext
@ -54,19 +55,44 @@ def _get_ports(stack):

 def _get_named_volumes(stack):
    # Parse the compose files looking for named volumes
-    named_volumes = []
+    named_volumes = {
+        "rw": [],
+        "ro": []
+    }
    parsed_stack = get_parsed_stack_config(stack)
    pods = get_pod_list(parsed_stack)
    yaml = get_yaml()
+
+    def find_vol_usage(parsed_pod_file, vol):
+        ret = {}
+        if "services" in parsed_pod_file:
+            for svc_name, svc in parsed_pod_file["services"].items():
+                if "volumes" in svc:
+                    for svc_volume in svc["volumes"]:
+                        parts = svc_volume.split(":")
+                        if parts[0] == vol:
+                            ret[svc_name] = {
+                                "volume": parts[0],
+                                "mount": parts[1],
+                                "options": parts[2] if len(parts) == 3 else None
+                            }
+        return ret
+
    for pod in pods:
        pod_file_path = get_pod_file_path(parsed_stack, pod)
        parsed_pod_file = yaml.load(open(pod_file_path, "r"))
        if "volumes" in parsed_pod_file:
            volumes = parsed_pod_file["volumes"]
            for volume in volumes.keys():
-                # Volume definition looks like:
-                # 'laconicd-data': None
-                named_volumes.append(volume)
+                for vu in find_vol_usage(parsed_pod_file, volume).values():
+                    read_only = vu["options"] == "ro"
+                    if read_only:
+                        if vu["volume"] not in named_volumes["rw"] and vu["volume"] not in named_volumes["ro"]:
+                            named_volumes["ro"].append(vu["volume"])
+                    else:
+                        if vu["volume"] not in named_volumes["rw"]:
+                            named_volumes["rw"].append(vu["volume"])
+
    return named_volumes


@ -86,6 +112,7 @@ def _create_bind_dir_if_relative(volume, path_string, compose_dir):

 # See: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45699189/editing-docker-compose-yml-with-pyyaml
 def _fixup_pod_file(pod, spec, compose_dir):
+    deployment_type = spec[constants.deploy_to_key]
    # Fix up volumes
    if "volumes" in spec:
        spec_volumes = spec["volumes"]
@ -94,16 +121,35 @@ def _fixup_pod_file(pod, spec, compose_dir):
            for volume in pod_volumes.keys():
                if volume in spec_volumes:
                    volume_spec = spec_volumes[volume]
-                    volume_spec_fixedup = volume_spec if Path(volume_spec).is_absolute() else f".{volume_spec}"
-                    _create_bind_dir_if_relative(volume, volume_spec, compose_dir)
-                    new_volume_spec = {"driver": "local",
-                                       "driver_opts": {
-                                          "type": "none",
-                                          "device": volume_spec_fixedup,
-                                          "o": "bind"
-                                       }
-                                       }
-                    pod["volumes"][volume] = new_volume_spec
+                    if volume_spec:
+                        volume_spec_fixedup = volume_spec if Path(volume_spec).is_absolute() else f".{volume_spec}"
+                        _create_bind_dir_if_relative(volume, volume_spec, compose_dir)
+                        # this is Docker specific
+                        if spec.is_docker_deployment():
+                            new_volume_spec = {
+                                "driver": "local",
+                                "driver_opts": {
+                                    "type": "none",
+                                    "device": volume_spec_fixedup,
+                                    "o": "bind"
+                                }
+                            }
+                            pod["volumes"][volume] = new_volume_spec
+
+    # Fix up configmaps
+    if constants.configmaps_key in spec:
+        if spec.is_kubernetes_deployment():
+            spec_cfgmaps = spec[constants.configmaps_key]
+            if "volumes" in pod:
+                pod_volumes = pod[constants.volumes_key]
+                for volume in pod_volumes.keys():
+                    if volume in spec_cfgmaps:
+                        volume_cfg = spec_cfgmaps[volume]
+                        # Just make the dir (if necessary)
+                        _create_bind_dir_if_relative(volume, volume_cfg, compose_dir)
+        else:
+            print(f"Warning: ConfigMaps not supported for {deployment_type}")
+
    # Fix up ports
    if "network" in spec and "ports" in spec["network"]:
        spec_ports = spec["network"]["ports"]
@ -286,7 +332,7 @@ def init_operation(deploy_command_context, stack, deployer_type, config,
        if image_registry is None:
            error_exit("--image-registry must be supplied with --deploy-to k8s")
        spec_file_content.update({constants.kube_config_key: kube_config})
-        spec_file_content.update({constants.image_resigtry_key: image_registry})
+        spec_file_content.update({constants.image_registry_key: image_registry})
    else:
        # Check for --kube-config supplied for non-relevant deployer types
        if kube_config is not None:
@ -319,9 +365,24 @@ def init_operation(deploy_command_context, stack, deployer_type, config,
    named_volumes = _get_named_volumes(stack)
    if named_volumes:
        volume_descriptors = {}
-        for named_volume in named_volumes:
-            volume_descriptors[named_volume] = f"./data/{named_volume}"
-        spec_file_content["volumes"] = volume_descriptors
+        configmap_descriptors = {}
+        for named_volume in named_volumes["rw"]:
+            if "k8s" in deployer_type:
+                volume_descriptors[named_volume] = None
+            else:
+                volume_descriptors[named_volume] = f"./data/{named_volume}"
+        for named_volume in named_volumes["ro"]:
+            if "k8s" in deployer_type:
+                if "config" in named_volume:
+                    configmap_descriptors[named_volume] = f"./configmaps/{named_volume}"
+                else:
+                    volume_descriptors[named_volume] = None
+            else:
+                volume_descriptors[named_volume] = f"./data/{named_volume}"
+        if volume_descriptors:
+            spec_file_content["volumes"] = volume_descriptors
+        if configmap_descriptors:
+            spec_file_content["configmaps"] = configmap_descriptors

    if opts.o.debug:
        print(f"Creating spec file for stack: {stack} with content: {spec_file_content}")
@ -360,6 +421,17 @@ def _create_deployment_file(deployment_dir: Path):
        output_file.write(f"{constants.cluster_id_key}: {cluster}\n")


+def _check_volume_definitions(spec):
+    if spec.is_kubernetes_deployment():
+        for volume_name, volume_path in spec.get_volumes().items():
+            if volume_path:
+                if not os.path.isabs(volume_path):
+                    raise Exception(
+                        f"Relative path {volume_path} for volume {volume_name} not "
+                        f"supported for deployment type {spec.get_deployment_type()}"
+                    )
+
+
@click.command()
@click.option("--spec-file", required=True, help="Spec file to use to create this deployment")
@click.option("--deployment-dir", help="Create deployment files in this directory")
@ -375,7 +447,8 @@ def create(ctx, spec_file, deployment_dir, network_dir, initial_peers):
 # The init command's implementation is in a separate function so that we can
 # call it from other commands, bypassing the click decoration stuff
 def create_operation(deployment_command_context, spec_file, deployment_dir, network_dir, initial_peers):
-    parsed_spec = get_parsed_deployment_spec(spec_file)
+    parsed_spec = Spec(os.path.abspath(spec_file), get_parsed_deployment_spec(spec_file))
+    _check_volume_definitions(parsed_spec)
    stack_name = parsed_spec["stack"]
    deployment_type = parsed_spec[constants.deploy_to_key]
    stack_file = get_stack_file_path(stack_name)
@ -441,7 +514,7 @@ def create_operation(deployment_command_context, spec_file, deployment_dir, netw
    deployment_context = DeploymentContext()
    deployment_context.init(deployment_dir_path)
    # Call the deployer to generate any deployer-specific files (e.g. for kind)
-    deployer_config_generator = getDeployerConfigGenerator(deployment_type)
+    deployer_config_generator = getDeployerConfigGenerator(deployment_type, deployment_context)
    # TODO: make deployment_dir_path a Path above
    deployer_config_generator.generate(deployment_dir_path)
    call_stack_deploy_create(deployment_context, [network_dir, initial_peers, deployment_command_context])
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/images.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/images.py
@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ def _image_needs_pushed(image: str):

 def remote_tag_for_image(image: str, remote_repo_url: str):
    # Turns image tags of the form: foo/bar:local into remote.repo/org/bar:deploy
-    (org, image_name_with_version) = image.split("/")
+    major_parts = image.split("/", 2)
+    image_name_with_version = major_parts[1] if 2 == len(major_parts) else major_parts[0]
    (image_name, image_version) = image_name_with_version.split(":")
    if image_version == "local":
        return f"{remote_repo_url}/{image_name}:deploy"
@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def push_images_operation(command_context: DeployCommandContext, deployment_cont
    cluster_context = command_context.cluster_context
    images: Set[str] = images_for_deployment(cluster_context.compose_files)
    # Tag the images for the remote repo
-    remote_repo_url = deployment_context.spec.obj[constants.image_resigtry_key]
+    remote_repo_url = deployment_context.spec.obj[constants.image_registry_key]
    docker = DockerClient()
    for image in images:
        if _image_needs_pushed(image):
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/cluster_info.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/cluster_info.py
@ -13,19 +13,50 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <http:#www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

+import os
+
 from kubernetes import client
 from typing import Any, List, Set

 from stack_orchestrator.opts import opts
 from stack_orchestrator.util import env_var_map_from_file
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import named_volumes_from_pod_files, volume_mounts_for_service, volumes_for_pod_files
-from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import get_node_pv_mount_path
-from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import envs_from_environment_variables_map
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import get_kind_pv_bind_mount_path
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import envs_from_environment_variables_map, envs_from_compose_file, merge_envs
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deploy_util import parsed_pod_files_map_from_file_names, images_for_deployment
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deploy_types import DeployEnvVars
-from stack_orchestrator.deploy.spec import Spec
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.spec import Spec, Resources, ResourceLimits
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.images import remote_tag_for_image

+DEFAULT_VOLUME_RESOURCES = Resources({
+    "reservations": {"storage": "2Gi"}
+})
+
+DEFAULT_CONTAINER_RESOURCES = Resources({
+    "reservations": {"cpus": "0.1", "memory": "200M"},
+    "limits": {"cpus": "1.0", "memory": "2000M"},
+})
+
+
+def to_k8s_resource_requirements(resources: Resources) -> client.V1ResourceRequirements:
+    def to_dict(limits: ResourceLimits):
+        if not limits:
+            return None
+
+        ret = {}
+        if limits.cpus:
+            ret["cpu"] = str(limits.cpus)
+        if limits.memory:
+            ret["memory"] = f"{int(limits.memory / (1000 * 1000))}M"
+        if limits.storage:
+            ret["storage"] = f"{int(limits.storage / (1000 * 1000))}M"
+        return ret
+
+    return client.V1ResourceRequirements(
+        requests=to_dict(resources.reservations),
+        limits=to_dict(resources.limits)
+    )
+

 class ClusterInfo:
    parsed_pod_yaml_map: Any
@ -112,9 +143,10 @@ class ClusterInfo:
            services = pod["services"]
            for service_name in services:
                service_info = services[service_name]
-                port = int(service_info["ports"][0])
-                if opts.o.debug:
-                    print(f"service port: {port}")
+                if "ports" in service_info:
+                    port = int(service_info["ports"][0])
+                    if opts.o.debug:
+                        print(f"service port: {port}")
        service = client.V1Service(
            metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=f"{self.app_name}-service"),
            spec=client.V1ServiceSpec(
@ -130,39 +162,112 @@ class ClusterInfo:

    def get_pvcs(self):
        result = []
-        volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        spec_volumes = self.spec.get_volumes()
+        named_volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        resources = self.spec.get_volume_resources()
+        if not resources:
+            resources = DEFAULT_VOLUME_RESOURCES
        if opts.o.debug:
-            print(f"Volumes: {volumes}")
-        for volume_name in volumes:
+            print(f"Spec Volumes: {spec_volumes}")
+            print(f"Named Volumes: {named_volumes}")
+            print(f"Resources: {resources}")
+        for volume_name, volume_path in spec_volumes.items():
+            if volume_name not in named_volumes:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"{volume_name} not in pod files")
+                continue
+
+            labels = {
+                "app": self.app_name,
+                "volume-label": f"{self.app_name}-{volume_name}"
+            }
+            if volume_path:
+                storage_class_name = "manual"
+                k8s_volume_name = f"{self.app_name}-{volume_name}"
+            else:
+                # These will be auto-assigned.
+                storage_class_name = None
+                k8s_volume_name = None
+
            spec = client.V1PersistentVolumeClaimSpec(
                access_modes=["ReadWriteOnce"],
-                storage_class_name="manual",
-                resources=client.V1ResourceRequirements(
-                    requests={"storage": "2Gi"}
-                ),
-                volume_name=volume_name
+                storage_class_name=storage_class_name,
+                resources=to_k8s_resource_requirements(resources),
+                volume_name=k8s_volume_name
            )
            pvc = client.V1PersistentVolumeClaim(
-                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=volume_name,
-                                             labels={"volume-label": volume_name}),
-                spec=spec,
+                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=f"{self.app_name}-{volume_name}", labels=labels),
+                spec=spec
            )
            result.append(pvc)
        return result

+    def get_configmaps(self):
+        result = []
+        spec_configmaps = self.spec.get_configmaps()
+        named_volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        for cfg_map_name, cfg_map_path in spec_configmaps.items():
+            if cfg_map_name not in named_volumes:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"{cfg_map_name} not in pod files")
+                continue
+
+            if not cfg_map_path.startswith("/"):
+                cfg_map_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self.spec.file_path), cfg_map_path)
+
+            # Read in all the files at a single-level of the directory.  This mimics the behavior
+            # of `kubectl create configmap foo --from-file=/path/to/dir`
+            data = {}
+            for f in os.listdir(cfg_map_path):
+                full_path = os.path.join(cfg_map_path, f)
+                if os.path.isfile(full_path):
+                    data[f] = open(full_path, 'rt').read()
+
+            spec = client.V1ConfigMap(
+                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=f"{self.app_name}-{cfg_map_name}",
+                                             labels={"configmap-label": cfg_map_name}),
+                data=data
+            )
+            result.append(spec)
+        return result
+
    def get_pvs(self):
        result = []
-        volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
-        for volume_name in volumes:
+        spec_volumes = self.spec.get_volumes()
+        named_volumes = named_volumes_from_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        resources = self.spec.get_volume_resources()
+        if not resources:
+            resources = DEFAULT_VOLUME_RESOURCES
+        for volume_name, volume_path in spec_volumes.items():
+            # We only need to create a volume if it is fully qualified HostPath.
+            # Otherwise, we create the PVC and expect the node to allocate the volume for us.
+            if not volume_path:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"{volume_name} does not require an explicit PersistentVolume, since it is not a bind-mount.")
+                continue
+
+            if volume_name not in named_volumes:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"{volume_name} not in pod files")
+                continue
+
+            if not os.path.isabs(volume_path):
+                print(f"WARNING: {volume_name}:{volume_path} is not absolute, cannot bind volume.")
+                continue
+
+            if self.spec.is_kind_deployment():
+                host_path = client.V1HostPathVolumeSource(path=get_kind_pv_bind_mount_path(volume_name))
+            else:
+                host_path = client.V1HostPathVolumeSource(path=volume_path)
            spec = client.V1PersistentVolumeSpec(
                storage_class_name="manual",
                access_modes=["ReadWriteOnce"],
-                capacity={"storage": "2Gi"},
-                host_path=client.V1HostPathVolumeSource(path=get_node_pv_mount_path(volume_name))
+                capacity=to_k8s_resource_requirements(resources).requests,
+                host_path=host_path
            )
            pv = client.V1PersistentVolume(
-                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=volume_name,
-                                             labels={"volume-label": volume_name}),
+                metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(name=f"{self.app_name}-{volume_name}",
+                                             labels={"volume-label": f"{self.app_name}-{volume_name}"}),
                spec=spec,
            )
            result.append(pv)
@ -171,6 +276,9 @@ class ClusterInfo:
    # TODO: put things like image pull policy into an object-scope struct
    def get_deployment(self, image_pull_policy: str = None):
        containers = []
+        resources = self.spec.get_container_resources()
+        if not resources:
+            resources = DEFAULT_CONTAINER_RESOURCES
        for pod_name in self.parsed_pod_yaml_map:
            pod = self.parsed_pod_yaml_map[pod_name]
            services = pod["services"]
@ -178,10 +286,18 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                container_name = service_name
                service_info = services[service_name]
                image = service_info["image"]
-                port = int(service_info["ports"][0])
+                if "ports" in service_info:
+                    port = int(service_info["ports"][0])
+                    if opts.o.debug:
+                        print(f"image: {image}")
+                        print(f"service port: {port}")
+                merged_envs = merge_envs(
+                    envs_from_compose_file(
+                        service_info["environment"]), self.environment_variables.map
+                ) if "environment" in service_info else self.environment_variables.map
+                envs = envs_from_environment_variables_map(merged_envs)
                if opts.o.debug:
-                    print(f"image: {image}")
-                    print(f"service port: {port}")
+                    print(f"Merged envs: {envs}")
                # Re-write the image tag for remote deployment
                image_to_use = remote_tag_for_image(
                    image, self.spec.get_image_registry()) if self.spec.get_image_registry() is not None else image
@ -190,19 +306,40 @@ class ClusterInfo:
                    name=container_name,
                    image=image_to_use,
                    image_pull_policy=image_pull_policy,
-                    env=envs_from_environment_variables_map(self.environment_variables.map),
+                    env=envs,
                    ports=[client.V1ContainerPort(container_port=port)],
                    volume_mounts=volume_mounts,
-                    resources=client.V1ResourceRequirements(
-                        requests={"cpu": "100m", "memory": "200Mi"},
-                        limits={"cpu": "500m", "memory": "500Mi"},
+                    security_context=client.V1SecurityContext(
+                        privileged=self.spec.get_privileged(),
+                        capabilities=client.V1Capabilities(
+                            add=self.spec.get_capabilities()
+                        ) if self.spec.get_capabilities() else None
                    ),
+                    resources=to_k8s_resource_requirements(resources),
                )
                containers.append(container)
-        volumes = volumes_for_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map)
+        volumes = volumes_for_pod_files(self.parsed_pod_yaml_map, self.spec, self.app_name)
        image_pull_secrets = [client.V1LocalObjectReference(name="laconic-registry")]
+
+        annotations = None
+        labels = {"app": self.app_name}
+
+        if self.spec.get_annotations():
+            annotations = {}
+            for key, value in self.spec.get_annotations().items():
+                for service_name in services:
+                    annotations[key.replace("{name}", service_name)] = value
+
+        if self.spec.get_labels():
+            for key, value in self.spec.get_labels().items():
+                for service_name in services:
+                    labels[key.replace("{name}", service_name)] = value
+
        template = client.V1PodTemplateSpec(
-            metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(labels={"app": self.app_name}),
+            metadata=client.V1ObjectMeta(
+                annotations=annotations,
+                labels=labels
+            ),
            spec=client.V1PodSpec(containers=containers, image_pull_secrets=image_pull_secrets, volumes=volumes),
        )
        spec = client.V1DeploymentSpec(
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/deploy_k8s.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/deploy_k8s.py
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # Copyright © 2023 Vulcanize
-
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
@ -21,7 +20,8 @@ from kubernetes import client, config
 from stack_orchestrator import constants
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployer import Deployer, DeployerConfigGenerator
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import create_cluster, destroy_cluster, load_images_into_kind
-from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import pods_in_deployment, log_stream_from_string, generate_kind_config
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import pods_in_deployment, containers_in_pod, log_stream_from_string
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.helpers import generate_kind_config
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.k8s.cluster_info import ClusterInfo
 from stack_orchestrator.opts import opts
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployment_context import DeploymentContext
@ -82,99 +82,172 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
        self.apps_api = client.AppsV1Api()
        self.custom_obj_api = client.CustomObjectsApi()

-    def up(self, detach, services):
-
-        if self.is_kind():
-            # Create the kind cluster
-            create_cluster(self.kind_cluster_name, self.deployment_dir.joinpath(constants.kind_config_filename))
-            # Ensure the referenced containers are copied into kind
-            load_images_into_kind(self.kind_cluster_name, self.cluster_info.image_set)
-        self.connect_api()
-
+    def _create_volume_data(self):
        # Create the host-path-mounted PVs for this deployment
        pvs = self.cluster_info.get_pvs()
        for pv in pvs:
            if opts.o.debug:
                print(f"Sending this pv: {pv}")
-            pv_resp = self.core_api.create_persistent_volume(body=pv)
-            if opts.o.debug:
-                print("PVs created:")
-                print(f"{pv_resp}")
+            if not opts.o.dry_run:
+                try:
+                    pv_resp = self.core_api.read_persistent_volume(name=pv.metadata.name)
+                    if pv_resp:
+                        if opts.o.debug:
+                            print("PVs already present:")
+                            print(f"{pv_resp}")
+                        continue
+                except:  # noqa: E722
+                    pass
+
+                pv_resp = self.core_api.create_persistent_volume(body=pv)
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("PVs created:")
+                    print(f"{pv_resp}")

        # Figure out the PVCs for this deployment
        pvcs = self.cluster_info.get_pvcs()
        for pvc in pvcs:
            if opts.o.debug:
                print(f"Sending this pvc: {pvc}")
-            pvc_resp = self.core_api.create_namespaced_persistent_volume_claim(body=pvc, namespace=self.k8s_namespace)
+
+            if not opts.o.dry_run:
+                try:
+                    pvc_resp = self.core_api.read_namespaced_persistent_volume_claim(
+                        name=pvc.metadata.name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace)
+                    if pvc_resp:
+                        if opts.o.debug:
+                            print("PVCs already present:")
+                            print(f"{pvc_resp}")
+                        continue
+                except:  # noqa: E722
+                    pass
+
+                pvc_resp = self.core_api.create_namespaced_persistent_volume_claim(body=pvc, namespace=self.k8s_namespace)
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("PVCs created:")
+                    print(f"{pvc_resp}")
+
+        # Figure out the ConfigMaps for this deployment
+        config_maps = self.cluster_info.get_configmaps()
+        for cfg_map in config_maps:
            if opts.o.debug:
-                print("PVCs created:")
-                print(f"{pvc_resp}")
+                print(f"Sending this ConfigMap: {cfg_map}")
+            if not opts.o.dry_run:
+                cfg_rsp = self.core_api.create_namespaced_config_map(
+                    body=cfg_map,
+                    namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+                )
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("ConfigMap created:")
+                    print(f"{cfg_rsp}")
+
+    def _create_deployment(self):
        # Process compose files into a Deployment
        deployment = self.cluster_info.get_deployment(image_pull_policy=None if self.is_kind() else "Always")
        # Create the k8s objects
        if opts.o.debug:
            print(f"Sending this deployment: {deployment}")
-        deployment_resp = self.apps_api.create_namespaced_deployment(
-            body=deployment, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
-        )
-        if opts.o.debug:
-            print("Deployment created:")
-            print(f"{deployment_resp.metadata.namespace} {deployment_resp.metadata.name} \
-                  {deployment_resp.metadata.generation} {deployment_resp.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}")
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            deployment_resp = self.apps_api.create_namespaced_deployment(
+                body=deployment, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+            )
+            if opts.o.debug:
+                print("Deployment created:")
+                print(f"{deployment_resp.metadata.namespace} {deployment_resp.metadata.name} \
+                    {deployment_resp.metadata.generation} {deployment_resp.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image}")

        service: client.V1Service = self.cluster_info.get_service()
-        service_resp = self.core_api.create_namespaced_service(
-            namespace=self.k8s_namespace,
-            body=service
-        )
        if opts.o.debug:
-            print("Service created:")
-            print(f"{service_resp}")
+            print(f"Sending this service: {service}")
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            service_resp = self.core_api.create_namespaced_service(
+                namespace=self.k8s_namespace,
+                body=service
+            )
+            if opts.o.debug:
+                print("Service created:")
+                print(f"{service_resp}")
+
+    def up(self, detach, services):
+        if not opts.o.dry_run:
+            if self.is_kind():
+                # Create the kind cluster
+                create_cluster(self.kind_cluster_name, self.deployment_dir.joinpath(constants.kind_config_filename))
+                # Ensure the referenced containers are copied into kind
+                load_images_into_kind(self.kind_cluster_name, self.cluster_info.image_set)
+            self.connect_api()
+        else:
+            print("Dry run mode enabled, skipping k8s API connect")
+
+        self._create_volume_data()
+        self._create_deployment()

        if not self.is_kind():
            ingress: client.V1Ingress = self.cluster_info.get_ingress()

-            if opts.o.debug:
-                print(f"Sending this ingress: {ingress}")
-            ingress_resp = self.networking_api.create_namespaced_ingress(
-                namespace=self.k8s_namespace,
-                body=ingress
-            )
-            if opts.o.debug:
-                print("Ingress created:")
-                print(f"{ingress_resp}")
+            if ingress:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"Sending this ingress: {ingress}")
+                if not opts.o.dry_run:
+                    ingress_resp = self.networking_api.create_namespaced_ingress(
+                        namespace=self.k8s_namespace,
+                        body=ingress
+                    )
+                    if opts.o.debug:
+                        print("Ingress created:")
+                        print(f"{ingress_resp}")
+            else:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("No ingress configured")

-    def down(self, timeout, volumes):
+    def down(self, timeout, volumes):  # noqa: C901
        self.connect_api()
        # Delete the k8s objects
-        # Create the host-path-mounted PVs for this deployment
-        pvs = self.cluster_info.get_pvs()
-        for pv in pvs:
-            if opts.o.debug:
-                print(f"Deleting this pv: {pv}")
-            try:
-                pv_resp = self.core_api.delete_persistent_volume(name=pv.metadata.name)
+
+        if volumes:
+            # Create the host-path-mounted PVs for this deployment
+            pvs = self.cluster_info.get_pvs()
+            for pv in pvs:
                if opts.o.debug:
-                    print("PV deleted:")
-                    print(f"{pv_resp}")
+                    print(f"Deleting this pv: {pv}")
+                try:
+                    pv_resp = self.core_api.delete_persistent_volume(name=pv.metadata.name)
+                    if opts.o.debug:
+                        print("PV deleted:")
+                        print(f"{pv_resp}")
+                except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
+                    _check_delete_exception(e)
+
+            # Figure out the PVCs for this deployment
+            pvcs = self.cluster_info.get_pvcs()
+            for pvc in pvcs:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"Deleting this pvc: {pvc}")
+                try:
+                    pvc_resp = self.core_api.delete_namespaced_persistent_volume_claim(
+                        name=pvc.metadata.name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+                    )
+                    if opts.o.debug:
+                        print("PVCs deleted:")
+                        print(f"{pvc_resp}")
+                except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
+                    _check_delete_exception(e)
+
+        # Figure out the ConfigMaps for this deployment
+        cfg_maps = self.cluster_info.get_configmaps()
+        for cfg_map in cfg_maps:
+            if opts.o.debug:
+                print(f"Deleting this ConfigMap: {cfg_map}")
+            try:
+                cfg_map_resp = self.core_api.delete_namespaced_config_map(
+                    name=cfg_map.metadata.name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+                )
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("ConfigMap deleted:")
+                    print(f"{cfg_map_resp}")
            except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
                _check_delete_exception(e)

-        # Figure out the PVCs for this deployment
-        pvcs = self.cluster_info.get_pvcs()
-        for pvc in pvcs:
-            if opts.o.debug:
-                print(f"Deleting this pvc: {pvc}")
-            try:
-                pvc_resp = self.core_api.delete_namespaced_persistent_volume_claim(
-                    name=pvc.metadata.name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
-                )
-                if opts.o.debug:
-                    print("PVCs deleted:")
-                    print(f"{pvc_resp}")
-            except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
-                _check_delete_exception(e)
        deployment = self.cluster_info.get_deployment()
        if opts.o.debug:
            print(f"Deleting this deployment: {deployment}")
@ -198,14 +271,18 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):

        if not self.is_kind():
            ingress: client.V1Ingress = self.cluster_info.get_ingress()
-            if opts.o.debug:
-                print(f"Deleting this ingress: {ingress}")
-            try:
-                self.networking_api.delete_namespaced_ingress(
-                    name=ingress.metadata.name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
-                )
-            except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
-                _check_delete_exception(e)
+            if ingress:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print(f"Deleting this ingress: {ingress}")
+                try:
+                    self.networking_api.delete_namespaced_ingress(
+                        name=ingress.metadata.name, namespace=self.k8s_namespace
+                    )
+                except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
+                    _check_delete_exception(e)
+            else:
+                if opts.o.debug:
+                    print("No ingress to delete")

        if self.is_kind():
            # Destroy the kind cluster
@ -306,9 +383,15 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
            log_data = "******* Pods not running ********\n"
        else:
            k8s_pod_name = pods[0]
+            containers = containers_in_pod(self.core_api, k8s_pod_name)
            # If the pod is not yet started, the logs request below will throw an exception
            try:
-                log_data = self.core_api.read_namespaced_pod_log(k8s_pod_name, namespace="default", container="test")
+                log_data = ""
+                for container in containers:
+                    container_log = self.core_api.read_namespaced_pod_log(k8s_pod_name, namespace="default", container=container)
+                    container_log_lines = container_log.splitlines()
+                    for line in container_log_lines:
+                        log_data += f"{container}: {line}\n"
            except client.exceptions.ApiException as e:
                if opts.o.debug:
                    print(f"Error from read_namespaced_pod_log: {e}")
@ -353,8 +436,9 @@ class K8sDeployer(Deployer):
 class K8sDeployerConfigGenerator(DeployerConfigGenerator):
    type: str

-    def __init__(self, type: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, type: str, deployment_context) -> None:
        self.type = type
+        self.deployment_context = deployment_context
        super().__init__()

    def generate(self, deployment_dir: Path):
@ -362,7 +446,7 @@ class K8sDeployerConfigGenerator(DeployerConfigGenerator):
        if self.type == "k8s-kind":
            # Check the file isn't already there
            # Get the config file contents
-            content = generate_kind_config(deployment_dir)
+            content = generate_kind_config(deployment_dir, self.deployment_context)
            if opts.o.debug:
                print(f"kind config is: {content}")
            config_file = deployment_dir.joinpath(constants.kind_config_filename)
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/helpers.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/k8s/helpers.py
@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from kubernetes import client
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
+import re
 from typing import Set, Mapping, List

 from stack_orchestrator.opts import opts
@ -61,6 +62,17 @@ def pods_in_deployment(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, deployment_name: str):
    return pods


+def containers_in_pod(core_api: client.CoreV1Api, pod_name: str):
+    containers = []
+    pod_response = core_api.read_namespaced_pod(pod_name, namespace="default")
+    if opts.o.debug:
+        print(f"pod_response: {pod_response}")
+    pod_containers = pod_response.spec.containers
+    for pod_container in pod_containers:
+        containers.append(pod_container.name)
+    return containers
+
+
 def log_stream_from_string(s: str):
    # Note response has to be UTF-8 encoded because the caller expects to decode it
    yield ("ignore", s.encode())
@ -73,14 +85,14 @@ def named_volumes_from_pod_files(parsed_pod_files):
        parsed_pod_file = parsed_pod_files[pod]
        if "volumes" in parsed_pod_file:
            volumes = parsed_pod_file["volumes"]
-            for volume in volumes.keys():
+            for volume, value in volumes.items():
                # Volume definition looks like:
                # 'laconicd-data': None
                named_volumes.append(volume)
    return named_volumes


-def get_node_pv_mount_path(volume_name: str):
+def get_kind_pv_bind_mount_path(volume_name: str):
    return f"/mnt/{volume_name}"


@ -97,37 +109,46 @@ def volume_mounts_for_service(parsed_pod_files, service):
                    if "volumes" in service_obj:
                        volumes = service_obj["volumes"]
                        for mount_string in volumes:
-                            # Looks like: test-data:/data
-                            (volume_name, mount_path) = mount_string.split(":")
-                            volume_device = client.V1VolumeMount(mount_path=mount_path, name=volume_name)
+                            # Looks like: test-data:/data or test-data:/data:ro or test-data:/data:rw
+                            if opts.o.debug:
+                                print(f"mount_string: {mount_string}")
+                            mount_split = mount_string.split(":")
+                            volume_name = mount_split[0]
+                            mount_path = mount_split[1]
+                            mount_options = mount_split[2] if len(mount_split) == 3 else None
+                            if opts.o.debug:
+                                print(f"volume_name: {volume_name}")
+                                print(f"mount path: {mount_path}")
+                                print(f"mount options: {mount_options}")
+                            volume_device = client.V1VolumeMount(
+                                mount_path=mount_path,
+                                name=volume_name,
+                                read_only="ro" == mount_options
+                            )
                            result.append(volume_device)
    return result


-def volumes_for_pod_files(parsed_pod_files):
+def volumes_for_pod_files(parsed_pod_files, spec, app_name):
    result = []
    for pod in parsed_pod_files:
        parsed_pod_file = parsed_pod_files[pod]
        if "volumes" in parsed_pod_file:
            volumes = parsed_pod_file["volumes"]
            for volume_name in volumes.keys():
-                claim = client.V1PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource(claim_name=volume_name)
-                volume = client.V1Volume(name=volume_name, persistent_volume_claim=claim)
-                result.append(volume)
+                if volume_name in spec.get_configmaps():
+                    config_map = client.V1ConfigMapVolumeSource(name=f"{app_name}-{volume_name}")
+                    volume = client.V1Volume(name=volume_name, config_map=config_map)
+                    result.append(volume)
+                else:
+                    claim = client.V1PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource(claim_name=f"{app_name}-{volume_name}")
+                    volume = client.V1Volume(name=volume_name, persistent_volume_claim=claim)
+                    result.append(volume)
    return result


-def _get_host_paths_for_volumes(parsed_pod_files):
-    result = {}
-    for pod in parsed_pod_files:
-        parsed_pod_file = parsed_pod_files[pod]
-        if "volumes" in parsed_pod_file:
-            volumes = parsed_pod_file["volumes"]
-            for volume_name in volumes.keys():
-                volume_definition = volumes[volume_name]
-                host_path = volume_definition["driver_opts"]["device"]
-                result[volume_name] = host_path
-    return result
+def _get_host_paths_for_volumes(deployment_context):
+    return deployment_context.spec.get_volumes()


 def _make_absolute_host_path(data_mount_path: Path, deployment_dir: Path) -> Path:
@ -135,12 +156,12 @@ def _make_absolute_host_path(data_mount_path: Path, deployment_dir: Path) -> Pat
        return data_mount_path
    else:
        # Python Path voodo that looks pretty odd:
-        return Path.cwd().joinpath(deployment_dir.joinpath("compose").joinpath(data_mount_path)).resolve()
+        return Path.cwd().joinpath(deployment_dir.joinpath(data_mount_path)).resolve()


-def _generate_kind_mounts(parsed_pod_files, deployment_dir):
+def _generate_kind_mounts(parsed_pod_files, deployment_dir, deployment_context):
    volume_definitions = []
-    volume_host_path_map = _get_host_paths_for_volumes(parsed_pod_files)
+    volume_host_path_map = _get_host_paths_for_volumes(deployment_context)
    # Note these paths are relative to the location of the pod files (at present)
    # So we need to fix up to make them correct and absolute because kind assumes
    # relative to the cwd.
@ -153,12 +174,22 @@ def _generate_kind_mounts(parsed_pod_files, deployment_dir):
                if "volumes" in service_obj:
                    volumes = service_obj["volumes"]
                    for mount_string in volumes:
-                        # Looks like: test-data:/data
-                        (volume_name, mount_path) = mount_string.split(":")
-                        volume_definitions.append(
-                            f"  - hostPath: {_make_absolute_host_path(volume_host_path_map[volume_name], deployment_dir)}\n"
-                            f"    containerPath: {get_node_pv_mount_path(volume_name)}"
-                            )
+                        # Looks like: test-data:/data or test-data:/data:ro or test-data:/data:rw
+                        if opts.o.debug:
+                            print(f"mount_string: {mount_string}")
+                        mount_split = mount_string.split(":")
+                        volume_name = mount_split[0]
+                        mount_path = mount_split[1]
+                        if opts.o.debug:
+                            print(f"volume_name: {volume_name}")
+                            print(f"map: {volume_host_path_map}")
+                            print(f"mount path: {mount_path}")
+                        if volume_name not in deployment_context.spec.get_configmaps():
+                            if volume_host_path_map[volume_name]:
+                                volume_definitions.append(
+                                    f"  - hostPath: {_make_absolute_host_path(volume_host_path_map[volume_name], deployment_dir)}\n"
+                                    f"    containerPath: {get_kind_pv_bind_mount_path(volume_name)}\n"
+                                )
    return (
        "" if len(volume_definitions) == 0 else (
            "  extraMounts:\n"
@ -180,7 +211,7 @@ def _generate_kind_port_mappings(parsed_pod_files):
                    for port_string in ports:
                        # TODO handle the complex cases
                        # Looks like: 80 or something more complicated
-                        port_definitions.append(f"  - containerPort: {port_string}\n    hostPort: {port_string}")
+                        port_definitions.append(f"  - containerPort: {port_string}\n    hostPort: {port_string}\n")
    return (
        "" if len(port_definitions) == 0 else (
            "  extraPortMappings:\n"
@ -189,6 +220,33 @@ def _generate_kind_port_mappings(parsed_pod_files):
    )


+# Note: this makes any duplicate definition in b overwrite a
+def merge_envs(a: Mapping[str, str], b: Mapping[str, str]) -> Mapping[str, str]:
+    result = {**a, **b}
+    return result
+
+
+def _expand_shell_vars(raw_val: str) -> str:
+    # could be: <string> or ${<env-var-name>} or ${<env-var-name>:-<default-value>}
+    # TODO: implement support for variable substitution and default values
+    # if raw_val is like ${<something>} print a warning and substitute an empty string
+    # otherwise return raw_val
+    match = re.search(r"^\$\{(.*)\}$", raw_val)
+    if match:
+        print(f"WARNING: found unimplemented environment variable substitution: {raw_val}")
+    else:
+        return raw_val
+
+
+# TODO: handle the case where the same env var is defined in multiple places
+def envs_from_compose_file(compose_file_envs: Mapping[str, str]) -> Mapping[str, str]:
+    result = {}
+    for env_var, env_val in compose_file_envs.items():
+        expanded_env_val = _expand_shell_vars(env_val)
+        result.update({env_var: expanded_env_val})
+    return result
+
+
 def envs_from_environment_variables_map(map: Mapping[str, str]) -> List[client.V1EnvVar]:
    result = []
    for env_var, env_val in map.items():
@ -214,13 +272,13 @@ def envs_from_environment_variables_map(map: Mapping[str, str]) -> List[client.V
 #  extraMounts:
 #  - hostPath: /path/to/my/files
 #    containerPath: /files
-def generate_kind_config(deployment_dir: Path):
+def generate_kind_config(deployment_dir: Path, deployment_context):
    compose_file_dir = deployment_dir.joinpath("compose")
    # TODO: this should come from the stack file, not this way
    pod_files = [p for p in compose_file_dir.iterdir() if p.is_file()]
    parsed_pod_files_map = parsed_pod_files_map_from_file_names(pod_files)
    port_mappings_yml = _generate_kind_port_mappings(parsed_pod_files_map)
-    mounts_yml = _generate_kind_mounts(parsed_pod_files_map, deployment_dir)
+    mounts_yml = _generate_kind_mounts(parsed_pod_files_map, deployment_dir, deployment_context)
    return (
        "kind: Cluster\n"
        "apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4\n"
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/spec.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/spec.py
@ -13,30 +13,130 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see <http:#www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

-from pathlib import Path
 import typing
+import humanfriendly
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
 from stack_orchestrator.util import get_yaml
 from stack_orchestrator import constants


+class ResourceLimits:
+    cpus: float = None
+    memory: int = None
+    storage: int = None
+
+    def __init__(self, obj={}):
+        if "cpus" in obj:
+            self.cpus = float(obj["cpus"])
+        if "memory" in obj:
+            self.memory = humanfriendly.parse_size(obj["memory"])
+        if "storage" in obj:
+            self.storage = humanfriendly.parse_size(obj["storage"])
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.__dict__)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for k in self.__dict__:
+            yield k, self.__dict__[k]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self.__dict__)
+
+
+class Resources:
+    limits: ResourceLimits = None
+    reservations: ResourceLimits = None
+
+    def __init__(self, obj={}):
+        if "reservations" in obj:
+            self.reservations = ResourceLimits(obj["reservations"])
+        if "limits" in obj:
+            self.limits = ResourceLimits(obj["limits"])
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.__dict__)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for k in self.__dict__:
+            yield k, self.__dict__[k]
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return str(self.__dict__)
+
+
 class Spec:

    obj: typing.Any
+    file_path: Path

-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        pass
+    def __init__(self, file_path: Path = None, obj={}) -> None:
+        self.file_path = file_path
+        self.obj = obj
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        return self.obj[item]
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        return item in self.obj
+
+    def get(self, item, default=None):
+        return self.obj.get(item, default)

    def init_from_file(self, file_path: Path):
        with file_path:
            self.obj = get_yaml().load(open(file_path, "r"))
+            self.file_path = file_path

    def get_image_registry(self):
-        return (self.obj[constants.image_resigtry_key]
-                if self.obj and constants.image_resigtry_key in self.obj
+        return (self.obj[constants.image_registry_key]
+                if self.obj and constants.image_registry_key in self.obj
                else None)

+    def get_volumes(self):
+        return (self.obj["volumes"]
+                if self.obj and "volumes" in self.obj
+                else {})
+
+    def get_configmaps(self):
+        return (self.obj["configmaps"]
+                if self.obj and "configmaps" in self.obj
+                else {})
+
+    def get_container_resources(self):
+        return Resources(self.obj.get("resources", {}).get("containers", {}))
+
+    def get_volume_resources(self):
+        return Resources(self.obj.get("resources", {}).get("volumes", {}))
+
    def get_http_proxy(self):
        return (self.obj[constants.network_key][constants.http_proxy_key]
                if self.obj and constants.network_key in self.obj
                and constants.http_proxy_key in self.obj[constants.network_key]
                else None)
+
+    def get_annotations(self):
+        return self.obj.get("annotations", {})
+
+    def get_labels(self):
+        return self.obj.get("labels", {})
+
+    def get_privileged(self):
+        return "true" == str(self.obj.get("security", {}).get("privileged", "false")).lower()
+
+    def get_capabilities(self):
+        return self.obj.get("security", {}).get("capabilities", [])
+
+    def get_deployment_type(self):
+        return self.obj[constants.deploy_to_key]
+
+    def is_kubernetes_deployment(self):
+        return self.get_deployment_type() in [constants.k8s_kind_deploy_type, constants.k8s_deploy_type]
+
+    def is_kind_deployment(self):
+        return self.get_deployment_type() in [constants.k8s_kind_deploy_type]
+
+    def is_docker_deployment(self):
+        return self.get_deployment_type() in [constants.compose_deploy_type]
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/deploy_webapp.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/deploy_webapp.py
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def _fixup_url_spec(spec_file_name: str, url: str):
    - host-name: {parsed_url.hostname}
      routes:
        - path: '{parsed_url.path if parsed_url.path else "/"}'
-          proxy-to: webapp:3000
+          proxy-to: webapp:80
    '''
    spec_file_path = Path(spec_file_name)
    with open(spec_file_path) as rfile:
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/deploy_webapp_from_registry.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/deploy_webapp_from_registry.py
@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import shlex
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
+import time
+import uuid

 import click

@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ from stack_orchestrator.deploy.webapp.util import (LaconicRegistryClient,
                                                   build_container_image, push_container_image,
                                                   file_hash, deploy_to_k8s, publish_deployment,
                                                   hostname_for_deployment_request, generate_hostname_for_app,
-                                                   match_owner)
+                                                   match_owner, skip_by_tag)


 def process_app_deployment_request(
@ -39,8 +41,19 @@ def process_app_deployment_request(
    dns_suffix,
    deployment_parent_dir,
    kube_config,
-    image_registry
+    image_registry,
+    log_parent_dir
 ):
+    run_id = f"{app_deployment_request.id}-{str(time.time()).split('.')[0]}-{str(uuid.uuid4()).split('-')[0]}"
+    log_file = None
+    if log_parent_dir:
+        log_dir = os.path.join(log_parent_dir, app_deployment_request.id)
+        if not os.path.exists(log_dir):
+            os.mkdir(log_dir)
+        log_file_path = os.path.join(log_dir, f"{run_id}.log")
+        print(f"Directing build logs to: {log_file_path}")
+        log_file = open(log_file_path, "wt")
+
    # 1. look up application
    app = laconic.get_record(app_deployment_request.attributes.application, require=True)

@ -59,8 +72,8 @@ def process_app_deployment_request(
    dns_record = laconic.get_record(dns_crn)
    if dns_record:
        matched_owner = match_owner(app_deployment_request, dns_record)
-        if not matched_owner and dns_record.request:
-            matched_owner = match_owner(app_deployment_request, laconic.get_record(dns_record.request, require=True))
+        if not matched_owner and dns_record.attributes.request:
+            matched_owner = match_owner(app_deployment_request, laconic.get_record(dns_record.attributes.request, require=True))

        if matched_owner:
            print("Matched DnsRecord ownership:", matched_owner)
@ -102,8 +115,10 @@ def process_app_deployment_request(
    needs_k8s_deploy = False
    # 6. build container (if needed)
    if not deployment_record or deployment_record.attributes.application != app.id:
-        build_container_image(app, deployment_container_tag)
-        push_container_image(deployment_dir)
+        # TODO: pull from request
+        extra_build_args = []
+        build_container_image(app, deployment_container_tag, extra_build_args, log_file)
+        push_container_image(deployment_dir, log_file)
        needs_k8s_deploy = True

    # 7. update config (if needed)
@ -116,6 +131,7 @@ def process_app_deployment_request(
        deploy_to_k8s(
            deployment_record,
            deployment_dir,
+            log_file
        )

    publish_deployment(
@ -136,13 +152,17 @@ def load_known_requests(filename):
    return {}


-def dump_known_requests(filename, requests):
+def dump_known_requests(filename, requests, status="SEEN"):
    if not filename:
        return
    known_requests = load_known_requests(filename)
    for r in requests:
-        known_requests[r.id] = r.createTime
-    json.dump(known_requests, open(filename, "w"))
+        known_requests[r.id] = {
+            "createTime": r.createTime,
+            "status": status
+        }
+    with open(filename, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(known_requests, f)


@click.command()
@ -158,10 +178,14 @@ def dump_known_requests(filename, requests):
@click.option("--record-namespace-dns", help="eg, crn://laconic/dns")
@click.option("--record-namespace-deployments", help="eg, crn://laconic/deployments")
@click.option("--dry-run", help="Don't do anything, just report what would be done.", is_flag=True)
+@click.option("--include-tags", help="Only include requests with matching tags (comma-separated).", default="")
+@click.option("--exclude-tags", help="Exclude requests with matching tags (comma-separated).", default="")
+@click.option("--log-dir", help="Output build/deployment logs to directory.", default=None)
@click.pass_context
-def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_dir,
+def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_dir,  # noqa: C901
            request_id, discover, state_file, only_update_state,
-            dns_suffix, record_namespace_dns, record_namespace_deployments, dry_run):
+            dns_suffix, record_namespace_dns, record_namespace_deployments, dry_run,
+            include_tags, exclude_tags, log_dir):
    if request_id and discover:
        print("Cannot specify both --request-id and --discover", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(2)
@ -179,6 +203,10 @@ def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_
            print("--dns-suffix, --record-namespace-dns, and --record-namespace-deployments are all required", file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit(2)

+    # Split CSV and clean up values.
+    include_tags = [tag.strip() for tag in include_tags.split(",") if tag]
+    exclude_tags = [tag.strip() for tag in exclude_tags.split(",") if tag]
+
    laconic = LaconicRegistryClient(laconic_config)

    # Find deployment requests.
@ -200,7 +228,9 @@ def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_
    requests.sort(key=lambda r: r.createTime)
    requests.reverse()
    requests_by_name = {}
+    skipped_by_name = {}
    for r in requests:
+        # TODO: Do this _after_ filtering deployments and cancellations to minimize round trips.
        app = laconic.get_record(r.attributes.application)
        if not app:
            print("Skipping request %s, cannot locate app." % r.id)
@ -211,17 +241,20 @@ def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_
            requested_name = generate_hostname_for_app(app)
            print("Generating name %s for request %s." % (requested_name, r.id))

-        if requested_name not in requests_by_name:
-            print(
-                "Found request %s to run application %s on %s."
-                % (r.id, r.attributes.application, requested_name)
-            )
-            requests_by_name[requested_name] = r
-        else:
-            print(
-                "Ignoring request %s, it is superseded by %s."
-                % (r.id, requests_by_name[requested_name].id)
-            )
+        if requested_name in skipped_by_name or requested_name in requests_by_name:
+            print("Ignoring request %s, it has been superseded." % r.id)
+            continue
+
+        if skip_by_tag(r, include_tags, exclude_tags):
+            print("Skipping request %s, filtered by tag (include %s, exclude %s, present %s)" % (r.id,
+                                                                                                 include_tags,
+                                                                                                 exclude_tags,
+                                                                                                 r.attributes.tags))
+            skipped_by_name[requested_name] = r
+            continue
+
+        print("Found request %s to run application %s on %s." % (r.id, r.attributes.application, requested_name))
+        requests_by_name[requested_name] = r

    # Find deployments.
    deployments = laconic.app_deployments()
@ -256,6 +289,8 @@ def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_

    if not dry_run:
        for r in requests_to_execute:
+            dump_known_requests(state_file, [r], "DEPLOYING")
+            status = "ERROR"
            try:
                process_app_deployment_request(
                    ctx,
@ -266,7 +301,9 @@ def command(ctx, kube_config, laconic_config, image_registry, deployment_parent_
                    dns_suffix,
                    os.path.abspath(deployment_parent_dir),
                    kube_config,
-                    image_registry
+                    image_registry,
+                    log_dir
                )
+                status = "DEPLOYED"
            finally:
-                dump_known_requests(state_file, [r])
+                dump_known_requests(state_file, [r], status)
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/run_webapp.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/run_webapp.py
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from dotenv import dotenv_values
 from stack_orchestrator import constants
 from stack_orchestrator.deploy.deployer_factory import getDeployer

-WEBAPP_PORT = 3000
+WEBAPP_PORT = 80


@click.command()
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/undeploy_webapp_from_registry.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/undeploy_webapp_from_registry.py
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import sys

 import click

-from stack_orchestrator.deploy.webapp.util import LaconicRegistryClient, match_owner
+from stack_orchestrator.deploy.webapp.util import LaconicRegistryClient, match_owner, skip_by_tag


 def process_app_removal_request(ctx,
@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ def process_app_removal_request(ctx,
    matched_owner = match_owner(app_removal_request, deployment_record, dns_record)

    # Or of the original deployment request.
-    if not matched_owner and deployment_record.request:
-        matched_owner = match_owner(app_removal_request, laconic.get_record(deployment_record.request, require=True))
+    if not matched_owner and deployment_record.attributes.request:
+        matched_owner = match_owner(app_removal_request, laconic.get_record(deployment_record.attributes.request, require=True))

    if matched_owner:
        print("Matched deployment ownership:", matched_owner)
@ -107,10 +107,12 @@ def dump_known_requests(filename, requests):
@click.option("--delete-names/--preserve-names", help="Delete all names associated with removed deployments.", default=True)
@click.option("--delete-volumes/--preserve-volumes", default=True, help="delete data volumes")
@click.option("--dry-run", help="Don't do anything, just report what would be done.", is_flag=True)
+@click.option("--include-tags", help="Only include requests with matching tags (comma-separated).", default="")
+@click.option("--exclude-tags", help="Exclude requests with matching tags (comma-separated).", default="")
@click.pass_context
 def command(ctx, laconic_config, deployment_parent_dir,
            request_id, discover, state_file, only_update_state,
-            delete_names, delete_volumes, dry_run):
+            delete_names, delete_volumes, dry_run, include_tags, exclude_tags):
    if request_id and discover:
        print("Cannot specify both --request-id and --discover", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(2)
@ -123,6 +125,10 @@ def command(ctx, laconic_config, deployment_parent_dir,
        print("--only-update-state requires --state-file", file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(2)

+    # Split CSV and clean up values.
+    include_tags = [tag.strip() for tag in include_tags.split(",") if tag]
+    exclude_tags = [tag.strip() for tag in exclude_tags.split(",") if tag]
+
    laconic = LaconicRegistryClient(laconic_config)

    # Find deployment removal requests.
@ -141,6 +147,7 @@ def command(ctx, laconic_config, deployment_parent_dir,

    previous_requests = load_known_requests(state_file)
    requests.sort(key=lambda r: r.createTime)
+    requests.reverse()

    # Find deployments.
    deployments = {}
@ -155,10 +162,22 @@ def command(ctx, laconic_config, deployment_parent_dir,
            # TODO: should we handle CRNs?
            removals_by_deployment[r.attributes.deployment] = r

-    requests_to_execute = []
+    one_per_deployment = {}
    for r in requests:
        if not r.attributes.deployment:
            print(f"Skipping removal request {r.id} since it was a cancellation.")
+        elif r.attributes.deployment in one_per_deployment:
+            print(f"Skipping removal request {r.id} since it was superseded.")
+        else:
+            one_per_deployment[r.attributes.deployment] = r
+
+    requests_to_execute = []
+    for r in one_per_deployment.values():
+        if skip_by_tag(r, include_tags, exclude_tags):
+            print("Skipping removal request %s, filtered by tag (include %s, exclude %s, present %s)" % (r.id,
+                                                                                                         include_tags,
+                                                                                                         exclude_tags,
+                                                                                                         r.attributes.tags))
        elif r.id in removals_by_request:
            print(f"Found satisfied request for {r.id} at {removals_by_request[r.id].id}")
        elif r.attributes.deployment in removals_by_deployment:
--- a/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/util.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/deploy/webapp/util.py
@ -195,7 +195,24 @@ def file_hash(filename):
    return hashlib.sha1(open(filename).read().encode()).hexdigest()


-def build_container_image(app_record, tag, extra_build_args=[]):
+def determine_base_container(clone_dir, app_type="webapp"):
+    if not app_type or not app_type.startswith("webapp"):
+        raise Exception(f"Unsupported app_type {app_type}")
+
+    base_container = "cerc/webapp-base"
+    if app_type == "webapp/next":
+        base_container = "cerc/nextjs-base"
+    elif app_type == "webapp":
+        pkg_json_path = os.path.join(clone_dir, "package.json")
+        if os.path.exists(pkg_json_path):
+            pkg_json = json.load(open(pkg_json_path))
+            if "next" in pkg_json.get("dependencies", {}):
+                base_container = "cerc/nextjs-base"
+
+    return base_container
+
+
+def build_container_image(app_record, tag, extra_build_args=[], log_file=None):
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()

    try:
@ -210,37 +227,46 @@ def build_container_image(app_record, tag, extra_build_args=[]):
            git_env = dict(os.environ.copy())
            # Never prompt
            git_env["GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT"] = "0"
-            subprocess.check_call(["git", "clone", repo, clone_dir], env=git_env)
-            subprocess.check_call(["git", "checkout", ref], cwd=clone_dir, env=git_env)
+            subprocess.check_call(["git", "clone", repo, clone_dir], env=git_env, stdout=log_file, stderr=log_file)
+            subprocess.check_call(["git", "checkout", ref], cwd=clone_dir, env=git_env, stdout=log_file, stderr=log_file)
        else:
-            result = subprocess.run(["git", "clone", "--depth", "1", repo, clone_dir])
+            result = subprocess.run(["git", "clone", "--depth", "1", repo, clone_dir], stdout=log_file, stderr=log_file)
            result.check_returncode()

+        base_container = determine_base_container(clone_dir, app_record.attributes.app_type)
+
        print("Building webapp ...")
-        build_command = [sys.argv[0], "build-webapp", "--source-repo", clone_dir, "--tag", tag]
+        build_command = [
+            sys.argv[0], "build-webapp",
+            "--source-repo", clone_dir,
+            "--tag", tag,
+            "--base-container", base_container
+        ]
        if extra_build_args:
            build_command.append("--extra-build-args")
            build_command.append(" ".join(extra_build_args))

-        result = subprocess.run(build_command)
+        result = subprocess.run(build_command, stdout=log_file, stderr=log_file)
        result.check_returncode()
    finally:
        cmd("rm", "-rf", tmpdir)


-def push_container_image(deployment_dir):
+def push_container_image(deployment_dir, log_file=None):
    print("Pushing image ...")
-    result = subprocess.run([sys.argv[0], "deployment", "--dir", deployment_dir, "push-images"])
+    result = subprocess.run([sys.argv[0], "deployment", "--dir", deployment_dir, "push-images"],
+                            stdout=log_file, stderr=log_file)
    result.check_returncode()


-def deploy_to_k8s(deploy_record, deployment_dir):
+def deploy_to_k8s(deploy_record, deployment_dir, log_file=None):
    if not deploy_record:
        command = "up"
    else:
        command = "update"

-    result = subprocess.run([sys.argv[0], "deployment", "--dir", deployment_dir, command])
+    result = subprocess.run([sys.argv[0], "deployment", "--dir", deployment_dir, command],
+                            stdout=log_file, stderr=log_file)
    result.check_returncode()


@ -325,3 +351,17 @@ def generate_hostname_for_app(app):
    else:
        m.update(app.attributes.repository.encode())
    return "%s-%s" % (last_part, m.hexdigest()[0:10])
+
+
+def skip_by_tag(r, include_tags, exclude_tags):
+    for tag in exclude_tags:
+        if r.attributes.tags and tag in r.attributes.tags:
+            return True
+
+    if include_tags:
+        for tag in include_tags:
+            if r.attributes.tags and tag in r.attributes.tags:
+                return False
+        return True
+
+    return False
--- a/stack_orchestrator/repos/setup_repositories.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/repos/setup_repositories.py
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import importlib.resources
 from pathlib import Path
 import yaml
 from stack_orchestrator.constants import stack_file_name
-from stack_orchestrator.util import include_exclude_check, stack_is_external, error_exit
+from stack_orchestrator.util import include_exclude_check, stack_is_external, error_exit, warn_exit


 class GitProgress(git.RemoteProgress):
@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ def command(ctx, include, exclude, git_ssh, check_only, pull, branches, branches
            error_exit(f"stack {stack} does not exist")
        with stack_file_path:
            stack_config = yaml.safe_load(open(stack_file_path, "r"))
-            if "repos" not in stack_config:
-                error_exit(f"stack {stack} does not define any repositories")
+            if "repos" not in stack_config or stack_config["repos"] is None:
+                warn_exit(f"stack {stack} does not define any repositories")
            else:
                repos_in_scope = stack_config["repos"]
    else:
--- a/stack_orchestrator/util.py
+++ b/stack_orchestrator/util.py
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import sys
 import ruamel.yaml
 from pathlib import Path
 from dotenv import dotenv_values
-from typing import Mapping
+from typing import Mapping, Set, List


 def include_exclude_check(s, include, exclude):
@ -81,17 +81,17 @@ def get_pod_list(parsed_stack):
    return result


-def get_plugin_code_paths(stack):
+def get_plugin_code_paths(stack) -> List[Path]:
    parsed_stack = get_parsed_stack_config(stack)
    pods = parsed_stack["pods"]
-    result = []
+    result: Set[Path] = set()
    for pod in pods:
        if type(pod) is str:
-            result.append(get_stack_file_path(stack).parent)
+            result.add(get_stack_file_path(stack).parent)
        else:
            pod_root_dir = os.path.join(get_dev_root_path(None), pod["repository"].split("/")[-1], pod["path"])
-            result.append(Path(os.path.join(pod_root_dir, "stack")))
-    return result
+            result.add(Path(os.path.join(pod_root_dir, "stack")))
+    return list(result)


 def get_pod_file_path(parsed_stack, pod_name: str):
@ -139,6 +139,13 @@ def get_compose_file_dir():
    return source_compose_dir


+def get_config_file_dir():
+    # TODO: refactor to use common code with deploy command
+    data_dir = Path(__file__).absolute().parent.joinpath("data")
+    source_config_dir = data_dir.joinpath("config")
+    return source_config_dir
+
+
 def get_parsed_deployment_spec(spec_file):
    spec_file_path = Path(spec_file)
    try:
@ -182,5 +189,10 @@ def error_exit(s):
    sys.exit(1)


+def warn_exit(s):
+    print(f"WARN: {s}")
+    sys.exit(0)
+
+
 def env_var_map_from_file(file: Path) -> Mapping[str, str]:
    return dotenv_values(file)
--- a/tests/database/run-test.sh
+++ b/tests/database/run-test.sh
@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+if [ -n "$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG" ]; then
+    set -x
+    # Dump environment variables for debugging
+    echo "Environment variables:"
+    env
+fi
+
+if [ "$1" == "from-path" ]; then
+    TEST_TARGET_SO="laconic-so"
+else
+    TEST_TARGET_SO=$( ls -t1 ./package/laconic-so* | head -1 )
+fi
+
+stack="test-database"
+spec_file=${stack}-spec.yml
+deployment_dir=${stack}-deployment
+
+# Helper functions: TODO move into a separate file
+wait_for_pods_started () {
+    for i in {1..50}
+    do
+        local ps_output=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir ps )
+
+        if [[ "$ps_output" == *"Running containers:"* ]]; then
+            # if ready, return
+            return
+        else
+            # if not ready, wait
+            sleep 5
+        fi
+    done
+    # Timed out, error exit
+    echo "waiting for pods to start: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+}
+
+wait_for_test_complete () {
+    for i in {1..50}
+    do
+
+        local log_output=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+
+    if [[ "${log_output}" == *"Database test client: test complete"* ]]; then
+            # if ready, return
+            return
+        else
+            # if not ready, wait
+            sleep 5
+        fi
+    done
+    # Timed out, error exit
+    echo "waiting for test complete: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+}
+
+
+delete_cluster_exit () {
+    $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop --delete-volumes
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Set a non-default repo dir
+export CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR=~/stack-orchestrator-test/repo-base-dir
+echo "Testing this package: $TEST_TARGET_SO"
+echo "Test version command"
+reported_version_string=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO version )
+echo "Version reported is: ${reported_version_string}"
+echo "Cloning repositories into: $CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR"
+rm -rf $CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR
+mkdir -p $CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR
+$TEST_TARGET_SO --stack ${stack} setup-repositories
+$TEST_TARGET_SO --stack ${stack} build-containers
+# Test basic stack-orchestrator deploy to k8s
+test_deployment_dir=$CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR/test-${deployment_dir}
+test_deployment_spec=$CERC_REPO_BASE_DIR/test-${spec_file}
+
+$TEST_TARGET_SO --stack ${stack} deploy --deploy-to k8s-kind init --output $test_deployment_spec
+# Check the file now exists
+if [ ! -f "$test_deployment_spec" ]; then
+    echo "deploy init test: spec file not present"
+    echo "deploy init test: FAILED"
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "deploy init test: passed"
+
+$TEST_TARGET_SO --stack ${stack} deploy create --spec-file $test_deployment_spec --deployment-dir $test_deployment_dir
+# Check the deployment dir exists
+if [ ! -d "$test_deployment_dir" ]; then
+    echo "deploy create test: deployment directory not present"
+    echo "deploy create test: FAILED"
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo "deploy create test: passed"
+
+# Try to start the deployment
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
+wait_for_pods_started
+# Check logs command works
+wait_for_test_complete
+log_output_1=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_1" == *"Database test client: test data does not exist"* ]]; then
+    echo "Create database content test: passed"
+else
+    echo "Create database content test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Stop then start again and check the volume was preserved
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop
+# Sleep a bit just in case
+sleep 20
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
+wait_for_pods_started
+wait_for_test_complete
+
+log_output_2=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_2" == *"Database test client: test data already exists"* ]]; then
+    echo "Retain database content test: passed"
+else
+    echo "Retain database content test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Stop and clean up
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop --delete-volumes
+echo "Test passed"
--- a/tests/deploy/run-deploy-test.sh
+++ b/tests/deploy/run-deploy-test.sh
@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ fi
 # Dump environment variables for debugging
 echo "Environment variables:"
 env
+
+delete_cluster_exit () {
+    $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop --delete-volumes
+    exit 1
+}
+
 # Test basic stack-orchestrator deploy
 echo "Running stack-orchestrator deploy test"
 # Bit of a hack, test the most recent package
@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy down
 # The next time we bring the container up the volume will be old (from the previous run above)
 $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy up
 log_output_1=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy logs )
-if [[ "$log_output_1" == *"Filesystem is old"* ]]; then
+if [[ "$log_output_1" == *"filesystem is old"* ]]; then
    echo "Retain volumes test: passed"
 else
    echo "Retain volumes test: FAILED"
@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy down --delete-volumes
 # Now when we bring the container up the volume will be new again
 $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy up
 log_output_2=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy logs )
-if [[ "$log_output_2" == *"Filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
+if [[ "$log_output_2" == *"filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
    echo "Delete volumes test: passed"
 else
    echo "Delete volumes test: FAILED"
@ -106,12 +112,16 @@ if [ ! "$create_file_content" == "create-command-output-data"  ]; then
    echo "deploy create test: FAILED"
    exit 1
 fi
+
+# Add a config file to be picked up by the ConfigMap before starting.
+echo "dbfc7a4d-44a7-416d-b5f3-29842cc47650" > $test_deployment_dir/data/test-config/test_config
+
 echo "deploy create output file test: passed"
 # Try to start the deployment
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
 # Check logs command works
 log_output_3=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
-if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"Filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
+if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
    echo "deployment logs test: passed"
 else
    echo "deployment logs test: FAILED"
@ -124,6 +134,37 @@ else
    echo "deployment config test: FAILED"
    exit 1
 fi
+# Check the config variable CERC_TEST_PARAM_2 was passed correctly from the compose file
+if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"Test-param-2: CERC_TEST_PARAM_2_VALUE"* ]]; then
+    echo "deployment compose config test: passed"
+else
+    echo "deployment compose config test: FAILED"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check that the ConfigMap is mounted and contains the expected content.
+log_output_4=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_4" == *"/config/test_config:"* ]] && [[ "$log_output_4" == *"dbfc7a4d-44a7-416d-b5f3-29842cc47650"* ]]; then
+    echo "deployment ConfigMap test: passed"
+else
+    echo "deployment ConfigMap test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Stop then start again and check the volume was preserved
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop
+# Sleep a bit just in case
+# sleep for longer to check if that's why the subsequent create cluster fails
+sleep 20
+$TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
+log_output_5=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_5" == *"filesystem is old"* ]]; then
+    echo "Retain volumes test: passed"
+else
+    echo "Retain volumes test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
 # Stop and clean up
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop --delete-volumes
 echo "Test passed"
--- a/tests/k8s-deploy/run-deploy-test.sh
+++ b/tests/k8s-deploy/run-deploy-test.sh
@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ if [ ! -f "$test_deployment_spec" ]; then
    exit 1
 fi
 echo "deploy init test: passed"
+
+# Switch to a full path for bind mount.
+sed -i "s|^\(\s*test-data-bind:$\)$|\1 ${test_deployment_dir}/data/test-data-bind|" $test_deployment_spec
+
 $TEST_TARGET_SO --stack test deploy create --spec-file $test_deployment_spec --deployment-dir $test_deployment_dir
 # Check the deployment dir exists
 if [ ! -d "$test_deployment_dir" ]; then
@ -97,19 +101,26 @@ if [ ! "$create_file_content" == "create-command-output-data"  ]; then
    echo "deploy create test: FAILED"
    exit 1
 fi
+
+# Add a config file to be picked up by the ConfigMap before starting.
+echo "dbfc7a4d-44a7-416d-b5f3-29842cc47650" > $test_deployment_dir/configmaps/test-config/test_config
+
 echo "deploy create output file test: passed"
 # Try to start the deployment
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
 wait_for_pods_started
 # Check logs command works
 wait_for_log_output
+sleep 1
 log_output_3=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
-if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"Filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
+if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
    echo "deployment logs test: passed"
 else
    echo "deployment logs test: FAILED"
+    echo $log_output_3
    delete_cluster_exit
 fi
+
 # Check the config variable CERC_TEST_PARAM_1 was passed correctly
 if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"Test-param-1: PASSED"* ]]; then
    echo "deployment config test: passed"
@ -117,6 +128,44 @@ else
    echo "deployment config test: FAILED"
    delete_cluster_exit
 fi
+
+# Check the config variable CERC_TEST_PARAM_2 was passed correctly from the compose file
+if [[ "$log_output_3" == *"Test-param-2: CERC_TEST_PARAM_2_VALUE"* ]]; then
+    echo "deployment compose config test: passed"
+else
+    echo "deployment compose config test: FAILED"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check that the ConfigMap is mounted and contains the expected content.
+log_output_4=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_4" == *"/config/test_config:"* ]] && [[ "$log_output_4" == *"dbfc7a4d-44a7-416d-b5f3-29842cc47650"* ]]; then
+    echo "deployment ConfigMap test: passed"
+else
+    echo "deployment ConfigMap test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Check that the bind-mount volume is mounted.
+log_output_5=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_5" == *"/data: MOUNTED"* ]]; then
+    echo "deployment bind volumes test: passed"
+else
+    echo "deployment bind volumes test: FAILED"
+    echo $log_output_5
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
+# Check that the provisioner managed volume is mounted.
+log_output_6=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_6" == *"/data2: MOUNTED"* ]]; then
+    echo "deployment provisioner volumes test: passed"
+else
+    echo "deployment provisioner volumes test: FAILED"
+    echo $log_output_6
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
 # Stop then start again and check the volume was preserved
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop
 # Sleep a bit just in case
@ -125,13 +174,26 @@ sleep 20
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir start
 wait_for_pods_started
 wait_for_log_output
-log_output_4=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
-if [[ "$log_output_4" == *"Filesystem is old"* ]]; then
-    echo "Retain volumes test: passed"
+sleep 1
+
+log_output_10=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_10" == *"/data filesystem is old"* ]]; then
+    echo "Retain bind volumes test: passed"
 else
-    echo "Retain volumes test: FAILED"
+    echo "Retain bind volumes test: FAILED"
    delete_cluster_exit
 fi
+
+# These volumes will be completely destroyed by the kind delete/create, because they lived inside
+# the kind container.  So, unlike the bind-mount case, they will appear fresh after the restart.
+log_output_11=$( $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir logs )
+if [[ "$log_output_11" == *"/data2 filesystem is fresh"* ]]; then
+    echo "Fresh provisioner volumes test: passed"
+else
+    echo "Fresh provisioner volumes test: FAILED"
+    delete_cluster_exit
+fi
+
 # Stop and clean up
 $TEST_TARGET_SO deployment --dir $test_deployment_dir stop --delete-volumes
 echo "Test passed"
--- a/tests/webapp-test/run-webapp-test.sh
+++ b/tests/webapp-test/run-webapp-test.sh
@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ CHECK="SPECIAL_01234567890_TEST_STRING"

 set +e

-CONTAINER_ID=$(docker run -p 3000:3000 -d -e CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG=$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG cerc/test-progressive-web-app:local)
+CONTAINER_ID=$(docker run -p 3000:80 -d -e CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG=$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG cerc/test-progressive-web-app:local)
 sleep 3
 wget -t 7 -O test.before -m http://localhost:3000

 docker logs $CONTAINER_ID
 docker remove -f $CONTAINER_ID

-CONTAINER_ID=$(docker run -p 3000:3000 -e CERC_WEBAPP_DEBUG=$CHECK -e CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG=$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG -d cerc/test-progressive-web-app:local)
+CONTAINER_ID=$(docker run -p 3000:80 -e CERC_WEBAPP_DEBUG=$CHECK -e CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG=$CERC_SCRIPT_DEBUG -d cerc/test-progressive-web-app:local)
 sleep 3
 wget -t 7 -O test.after -m http://localhost:3000