solidity/scripts/ImportExportTest.sh

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim:ts=4:et
# This file is part of solidity.
#
# solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with solidity. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
#
# (c) solidity contributors.
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Bash script to test the import/exports.
#
# ast import/export tests:
# - first exporting a .sol file to JSON, then loading it into the compiler
# and exporting it again. The second JSON should be identical to the first.
#
# evm-assembly import/export tests:
# - first a .sol file will be exported to a combined json file, containing outputs
# for "asm" "bin" "bin-runtime" "opcodes" "srcmap" and "srcmap-runtime" (expected output).
# The "asm" output will then be used as import, where its output "bin" "bin-runtime"
# "opcodes" "srcmap" "srcmap-runtime" (obtained output) will be compared with the expected output.
# The expected output needs to be identical with the obtained output.
#
# Additionally to this, the direct import/export is tested by importing an
# evm-assembly json with --import-asm-json and directly exporting it again with
# --asm-json using the same solc invocation. The original asm json file used for the
# import and the resulting exported asm json file need to be identical.
set -euo pipefail
READLINK="readlink"
if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == "darwin"* ]]; then
READLINK="greadlink"
fi
EXPR="expr"
if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == "darwin"* ]]; then
EXPR="gexpr"
fi
REPO_ROOT=$(${READLINK} -f "$(dirname "$0")"/..)
SOLIDITY_BUILD_DIR=${SOLIDITY_BUILD_DIR:-${REPO_ROOT}/build}
SOLC="${SOLIDITY_BUILD_DIR}/solc/solc"
SPLITSOURCES="${REPO_ROOT}/scripts/splitSources.py"
# shellcheck source=scripts/common.sh
source "${REPO_ROOT}/scripts/common.sh"
function print_usage
{
echo "Usage: ${0} ast|evm-assembly [--exit-on-error|--help]."
}
function print_used_commands
{
local test_directory="$1"
local export_command="$2"
local import_command="$3"
echo
printError "You can find the files used for this test here: ${test_directory}"
printError "Used commands for test:"
printError "# export"
echo "$ ${export_command}" >&2
printError "# import"
echo "$ ${import_command}" >&2
}
function print_stderr_stdout
{
local error_message="$1"
local stderr_file="$2"
local stdout_file="$3"
printError "${error_message}"
printError ""
printError "stderr:"
cat "${stderr_file}" >&2
printError ""
printError "stdout:"
cat "${stdout_file}" >&2
}
function check_import_test_type_unset
{
[[ -z "${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}" ]] || fail "ERROR: Import test type can only be set once. Aborting."
}
IMPORT_TEST_TYPE=
EXIT_ON_ERROR=0
for PARAM in "$@"
do
case "${PARAM}" in
ast) check_import_test_type_unset ; IMPORT_TEST_TYPE="ast" ;;
evm-assembly) check_import_test_type_unset ; IMPORT_TEST_TYPE="evm-assembly" ;;
--help) print_usage ; exit 0 ;;
--exit-on-error) EXIT_ON_ERROR=1 ;;
*) fail "Unknown option '${PARAM}'. Aborting. $(print_usage || true)" ;;
esac
done
SYNTAXTESTS_DIR="${REPO_ROOT}/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests"
ASTJSONTESTS_DIR="${REPO_ROOT}/test/libsolidity/ASTJSON"
SEMANTICTESTS_DIR="${REPO_ROOT}/test/libsolidity/semanticTests"
YULTESTS_DIR="${REPO_ROOT}/test/libyul"
FAILED=0
UNCOMPILABLE=0
TESTED=0
function test_ast_import_export_equivalence
{
local sol_file="$1"
local input_files=( "${@:2}" )
local export_command=("${SOLC}" --combined-json ast --pretty-json --json-indent 4 "${input_files[@]}")
local import_command=("${SOLC}" --import-ast --combined-json ast --pretty-json --json-indent 4 expected.json)
local import_via_standard_json_command=("${SOLC}" --combined-json ast --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --standard-json standard_json_input.json)
# export ast - save ast json as expected result (silently)
if ! "${export_command[@]}" > expected.json 2> stderr_export.txt
then
print_stderr_stdout "ERROR: AST reimport failed (export) for input file ${sol_file}." ./stderr_export.txt ./expected.json
print_used_commands "$(pwd)" "${export_command[*]} > expected.json" "${import_command[*]}"
return 1
fi
# (re)import ast - and export it again as obtained result (silently)
if ! "${import_command[@]}" > obtained.json 2> stderr_import.txt
then
print_stderr_stdout "ERROR: AST reimport failed (import) for input file ${sol_file}." ./stderr_import.txt ./obtained.json
print_used_commands "$(pwd)" "${export_command[*]} > expected.json" "${import_command[*]}"
return 1
fi
echo ". += {\"sources\":" > _ast_json.json
jq .sources expected.json >> _ast_json.json
echo "}" >> _ast_json.json
echo "{\"language\": \"SolidityAST\", \"settings\": {\"outputSelection\": {\"*\": {\"\": [\"ast\"]}}}}" > standard_json.json
jq --from-file _ast_json.json standard_json.json > standard_json_input.json
# (re)import ast via standard json - and export it again as obtained result (silently)
if ! "${import_via_standard_json_command[@]}" > obtained_standard_json.json 2> stderr_import.txt
then
print_stderr_stdout "ERROR: AST reimport failed (import) for input file ${sol_file}." ./stderr_import.txt ./obtained_standard_json.json
print_used_commands "$(pwd)" "${export_command[*]} > expected.json" "${import_command[*]}"
return 1
fi
jq .sources expected.json > expected_standard_json.json
jq .sources obtained_standard_json.json > obtained_standard_json_.json
jq 'walk(if type == "object" and has("ast") then .AST = .ast | del(.ast) else . end)' < obtained_standard_json_.json > obtained_standard_json.json
jq --sort-keys . < obtained_standard_json.json > obtained_standard_json_.json
mv obtained_standard_json_.json obtained_standard_json.json
# compare expected and obtained ASTs
if ! diff_files expected.json obtained.json || ! diff_files expected_standard_json.json obtained_standard_json.json
then
printError "ERROR: AST reimport failed for ${sol_file}"
if (( EXIT_ON_ERROR == 1 ))
then
print_used_commands "$(pwd)" "${export_command[*]}" "${import_command[*]}"
return 1
fi
FAILED=$((FAILED + 1))
fi
TESTED=$((TESTED + 1))
}
function split_combined_json
{
local json_file="$1"
local output_path="$2"
local path_to_contract_file="${3:-}"
for path_with_contract in $(jq --raw-output '.contracts | keys | .[]' "${json_file}" 2> /dev/null)
do
local contract=""
if [[ -z "${path_to_contract_file}" ]]
then
local delimiter
delimiter=$("${EXPR}" index "${path_with_contract}" ":") || true
contract=${path_with_contract:((${delimiter})):((${#path_with_contract} - ${delimiter}))}
else
contract="${path_to_contract_file}"
fi
for type in $(jq --raw-output ".contracts.\"${path_with_contract}\" | keys | .[]" "${json_file}" 2> /dev/null)
do
local output
output=$(jq --raw-output ".contracts.\"${path_with_contract}\".\"${type}\"" "${json_file}")
if [[ -n "${output}" ]]
then
echo "${output}" > "${output_path}/${contract}.${type}"
fi
done
done
rm "${json_file}"
}
function run_solc
{
local parameters=( "${@}" )
if ! "${SOLC}" "${parameters[@]}" > /dev/null 2> solc_stderr
then
printError "ERROR: ${parameters[*]}"
printError "${PWD}"
local SOLC_STDERR
SOLC_STDERR=$(cat "solc_stderr")
printError "${SOLC_STDERR}"
exit 1
fi
rm -f solc_stderr
return 0
}
function run_solc_store_stdout
{
local output_file=$1
local parameters=( "${@:2}" )
if ! "${SOLC}" "${parameters[@]}" > "${output_file}" 2> "${output_file}.error"
then
printError "ERROR: ${parameters[*]}"
printError "${PWD}"
local SOLC_STDERR
SOLC_STDERR=$(cat "${output_file}.error")
printError "${SOLC_STDERR}"
exit 1
fi
rm -f "${output_file}.error"
return 0
}
function test_evmjson_via_ir_and_yul_import_export
{
local sol_file="$1"
local input_files=( "${@:2}" )
mkdir yul
# export found solidity contracts to yul.
run_solc --optimize --via-ir --ir-optimized "${input_files[@]}" --no-optimize-yul -o yul
for filename in yul/*
do
if [[ -s "${filename}" ]]
then
# remove '_opt' part of '<contract-name>_opt.yul'
mv "${filename}" "${filename/_opt/}"
else
# if file was empty, delete it.
rm -f "${filename}"
fi
done
local export_command
local import_command
mkdir sol
# create from a combined json from the supplied solidity contracts.
export_command=("${SOLC}" --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --optimize --via-ir --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --no-optimize-yul "${input_files[@]}" -o sol)
run_solc --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --optimize --via-ir --pretty-json --json-indent 4 "${input_files[@]}" --no-optimize-yul -o sol
mkdir input
# save the original supplied solidity contract sources for potential debugging purposes.
for file in "${input_files[@]}"
do
cat "${file}" >> "input/$(basename "${file}")"
done
# split the combined json into different files.
split_combined_json sol/combined.json sol
# iterate through all yul files.
for yulfile in yul/*
do
# take the yul file and export it as evm assembly json. save the result in "$yulfile.asm.json".
run_solc_store_stdout "${yulfile}.asm.json" --strict-assembly "${yulfile}" --optimize --asm-json --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --no-optimize-yul
# remove the lines containing '=======', so that we just have a nice json file.
grep -v '^=======' "${yulfile}.asm.json" > tmpfile && mv tmpfile "${yulfile}.asm.json"
# import_command will just contain the last file in yul/*.asm - but it's still a good starting point ;)
import_command=("${SOLC}" --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --import-asm-json "${yulfile}.asm.json")
# import the created evm assembly json file and create a combined json out of it.
run_solc_store_stdout "${yulfile}.combined.json" --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --import-asm-json "${yulfile}.asm.json"
# split the combined json into different files.
split_combined_json "${yulfile}.combined.json" . "${yulfile}"
done
# now iterate over all files in the sol/ output folder.
# the files stored here will normally look like e.g. "sol/C.asm", "sol/C.bin"
# they were generated by the split_combined_json call above and contain the contract
# name and the type (e.g. bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime) in the
# file-name.
for file in sol/*
do
local type
local delimiter
local yul
# first just remove all path parts from the file and put it in the type.
# - "sol/C.asm" -> "C.asm"
type="$(basename "${file}")"
# delimiter is just the position of that dot that is delimiting the contract
# name from it's type.
delimiter=$("${EXPR}" index "${type}" ".")
# extract the type: for e.g. "C.asm" -> type will be "asm".
type=${type:((${delimiter})):((${#type} - ${delimiter}))}
# now we want to know which is the corresponding yul file, that should have exactly
# the same content. e.g. file="sol/C.srcmap-runtime" -> yul="yul/C.yul.srcmap-runtime"
yul=${file/sol/yul}
yul=${yul/${type}/yul.${type}}
# remember that we first exported the yul file from solidity contract files.
# then we generated and split the corresponding combined-json of that exported yul file.
# we also generated and split another combined-json file from the original
# solidity contract files. if the yul export to asm evm json and it's re-import
# will lead to the same content of the combined-json of the original solidity file,
# the yul export to asm evm json and it's reimport seem to work correctly.
# we can ignore "asm" and "json" files here. "asm" is the exported evm asm json.
# between the yul and the sol assembly jsons we may have some subtile differences,
# e.g. in the source-lists.
# however, if the yul/sol outputs of e.g. bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,srcmap,srcmap-runtime
# is matching, we consider that the reimport was done correctly.
if [[ "${type}" == "asm" ]] || [[ "${type}" == "json" ]]
then
continue
fi
# compare the files. e.g. "sol/C.srcmap-runtime" with "yul/C.yul.srcmap-runtime"
if ! diff_files "${file}" "${yul}" > diff_error
then
local diff_error
diff_error=$(cat diff_error)
printError "ERROR: diff failed ${file} ${yul}:\n ${diff_error}"
if (( EXIT_ON_ERROR == 1 ))
then
print_used_commands "${PWD}" "${export_command[*]}" "${import_command[*]}"
exit 1
fi
return 1
fi
done
rm -rf sol
rm -rf yul
rm -rf input
return 0
}
function test_evmjson_sol_import_export
{
local sol_file="$1"
local input_files=( "${@:2}" )
mkdir -p sol
# create from a combined json from the supplied solidity contracts.
local export_command
local import_command
export_command=("${SOLC}" --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 "${input_files[@]}" -o sol)
run_solc --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 "${input_files[@]}" -o sol
mkdir input
# save the original supplied solidity contract sources for potential debugging purposes.
for file in "${input_files[@]}"
do
cat "${file}" >> "input/$(basename "${file}")"
done
# split the combined json into different files.
split_combined_json sol/combined.json sol
mkdir -p imported-from-sol
for file in sol/*.asm
do
name=$(basename "${file}" .asm)
# import_command will just contain the last file in sol/*.asm - but it's still a good starting point ;)
import_command=("${SOLC}" --import-ast --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --import-asm-json "${file}")
run_solc_store_stdout "imported-from-sol/combined.json" --combined-json "bin,bin-runtime,opcodes,asm,srcmap,srcmap-runtime" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --import-asm-json "${file}"
split_combined_json imported-from-sol/combined.json imported-from-sol "${name}"
done
for file in sol/*
do
local imported
imported=${file/sol/imported-from-sol}
if ! diff_files "${file}" "${imported}" > diff_error
then
local diff_error
diff_error=$(cat diff_error)
printError "ERROR: diff failed ${file} ${imported}:\n ${diff_error}"
if (( EXIT_ON_ERROR == 1 ))
then
print_used_commands "${PWD}" "${export_command[*]}" "${import_command[*]}"
exit 1
fi
return 1
fi
done
rm -rf sol
rm -rf imported-from-sol
rm -rf input
return 0
}
function test_evmjson_import_export_equivalence
{
local sol_file="$1"
local input_files=( "${@:2}" )
local success=1
# export sol to yul. generate artefacts from sol and convert yul to asm json.
# import the yul asm json and check whether the sol artefacts are the same as for yul.
if ! test_evmjson_via_ir_and_yul_import_export "${sol_file}" "${input_files[@]}"
then
success=0
fi
# only run the next test-step, if the previous test was run correctly.
if (( success == 1 ))
then
# generate artefacts from sol. export sol to asm json. import that asm json and
# check whether the sol artefacts are the same as created by the asm json import.
if ! test_evmjson_sol_import_export "${sol_file}" "${input_files[@]}"
then
success=0
fi
fi
if (( success == 1 ))
then
TESTED=$((TESTED + 1))
else
FAILED=$((FAILED + 1))
fi
}
# function tests whether exporting and importing again is equivalent.
# Results are recorded by incrementing the FAILED or UNCOMPILABLE global variable.
# Also, in case of a mismatch a diff is printed
# Expected parameters:
# $1 name of the file to be exported and imported
# $2 any files needed to do so that might be in parent directories
function test_import_export_equivalence {
local sol_file="$1"
local input_files=( "${@:2}" )
local output
local solc_return_code
local compile_test
case "${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}" in
ast) compile_test="--ast-compact-json" ;;
evm-assembly) compile_test="--bin" ;;
*) assertFail "Unknown import test type '${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}'. Aborting." ;;
esac
set +e
output=$("${SOLC}" "${compile_test}" "${input_files[@]}" 2>&1)
solc_return_code=$?
set -e
# if input files where compilable with success
if (( solc_return_code == 0 ))
then
case "${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}" in
ast) test_ast_import_export_equivalence "${sol_file}" "${input_files[@]}" ;;
evm-assembly) test_evmjson_import_export_equivalence "${sol_file}" "${input_files[@]}" ;;
*) assertFail "Unknown import test type '${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}'. Aborting." ;;
esac
else
UNCOMPILABLE=$((UNCOMPILABLE + 1))
# solc will return exit code 2, if it was terminated by an uncaught exception.
# This should normally not happen, so we terminate the test execution here
# and print some details about the corresponding solc invocation.
if (( solc_return_code == 2 ))
then
# For the evm-assembly import/export tests, this script uses only the
# old code generator. Some semantic test can only be compiled with
# --via-ir (some need to be additionally compiled with --optimize).
# The tests that are meant to be compiled with --via-ir are throwing
# an UnimplementedFeatureError exception (e.g. Copying of type struct C.S
# memory[] memory to storage not yet supported, Copying nested calldata
# dynamic arrays to storage is not implemented in the old code generator.)
# We will just ignore these kind of exceptions for now.
# However, any other exception will be treated as a fatal error and the
# script execution will be terminated with an error.
if [[ "${output}" != *"UnimplementedFeatureError"* ]]
then
fail "\n\nERROR: Uncaught Exception while executing '${SOLC} ${compile_test} ${input_files[*]}':\n${output}\n"
fi
fi
fi
}
function test_evmjson_import_from_yul_export
{
local files="${*}"
for yulfile in ${files}
do
local export_command
local import_command
echo -n "·"
# create a temporary sub-directory
FILETMP=$(mktemp -d)
cd "${FILETMP}"
set +e
output=$("${SOLC}" "--strict-assembly" "${yulfile}" "--bin" "--optimize" 2>/dev/null)
solc_return_code=$?
set -e
# if yul file got compiled with success.
if (( solc_return_code == 0 ))
then
yul_bin="$(basename "${yulfile}").bin"
yul_json="$(basename "${yulfile}").asm.json"
echo "${output}" > "${yul_bin}"
# remove all lines starting with '=======' and 'Binary representation:'.
grep -v -e '^=======' -e '^Binary representation:' "${yul_bin}" > tmpfile && mv tmpfile "${yul_bin}"
# remove all white-spaces. we only want the binary.
tr -d '[:space:]' < "${yul_bin}" > tmpfile && mv tmpfile "${yul_bin}"
# only compare bytecode, if bytecode got generated.
if [[ -s "${yul_bin}" ]]
then
# take the yul file and export it as evm assembly json. save the result in "$yul_json".
export_command=("${SOLC}" --strict-assembly "${yulfile}" --optimize --asm-json --pretty-json --json-indent 4)
run_solc_store_stdout "${yul_json}" --strict-assembly "${yulfile}" --optimize --asm-json --pretty-json --json-indent 4
# remove the lines containing '=======', so that we just have a nice json file.
grep -v '^=======' "${yul_json}" > tmpfile && mv tmpfile "${yul_json}"
# import the created evm assembly json file and create a combined json out of it.
import_command=("${SOLC}" --combined-json "bin" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --import-asm-json "${yul_json}")
run_solc_store_stdout "${yul_json}.combined.json" --combined-json "bin" --pretty-json --json-indent 4 --import-asm-json "${yul_json}"
# split the combined json into different files.
split_combined_json "${yul_json}.combined.json" . "compiled"
tr -d '[:space:]' < "compiled.bin" > tmpfile && mv tmpfile "compiled.bin"
if ! diff_files compiled.bin "${yul_bin}" > diff_error
then
diff_error=$(cat diff_error)
printError "ERROR: diff failed ${yulfile}:\n ${diff_error}"
if (( EXIT_ON_ERROR == 1 ))
then
print_used_commands "${PWD}" "${export_command[*]}" "${import_command[*]}"
exit 1
fi
FAILED=$((FAILED + 1))
else
TESTED=$((TESTED + 1))
fi
fi
fi
cd "${WORKINGDIR}"
# Delete temporary files
rm -rf "${FILETMP}"
done
echo
}
WORKINGDIR=${PWD}
command_available "${SOLC}" --version
command_available jq --version
command_available "${EXPR}" --version
command_available "${READLINK}" --version
case "${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}" in
ast) TEST_DIRS=("${SYNTAXTESTS_DIR}" "${ASTJSONTESTS_DIR}") ;;
evm-assembly) TEST_DIRS=("${SEMANTICTESTS_DIR}") ;;
*) assertFail "Import test type not defined. $(print_usage || true)}" ;;
esac
YUL_NSOURCES=0
if [[ "${IMPORT_TEST_TYPE}" == "evm-assembly" ]]
then
IMPORT_TEST_FILES=$(find "${YULTESTS_DIR}" -name "*.yul")
YUL_NSOURCES="$(echo "${IMPORT_TEST_FILES}" | wc -l)"
echo "Looking at ${YUL_NSOURCES} .yul files..."
test_evmjson_import_from_yul_export "${IMPORT_TEST_FILES[@]}"
fi
# boost_filesystem_bug specifically tests a local fix for a boost::filesystem
# bug. Since the test involves a malformed path, there is no point in running
# tests on it. See https://github.com/boostorg/filesystem/issues/176
IMPORT_TEST_FILES=$(find "${TEST_DIRS[@]}" -name "*.sol" -and -not -name "boost_filesystem_bug.sol" -not -path "*/experimental/*")
SOL_NSOURCES="$(echo "${IMPORT_TEST_FILES}" | wc -l)"
echo "Looking at ${SOL_NSOURCES} .sol files..."
NSOURCES=$(( YUL_NSOURCES + SOL_NSOURCES ))
for solfile in ${IMPORT_TEST_FILES}
do
echo -n "·"
# create a temporary sub-directory
FILETMP=$(mktemp -d)
cd "${FILETMP}"
set +e
OUTPUT=$("${SPLITSOURCES}" "${solfile}")
SPLITSOURCES_RC=$?
set -e
if (( SPLITSOURCES_RC == 0 ))
then
IFS=' ' read -ra OUTPUT_ARRAY <<< "${OUTPUT}"
test_import_export_equivalence "${solfile}" "${OUTPUT_ARRAY[@]}"
elif (( SPLITSOURCES_RC == 1 ))
then
test_import_export_equivalence "${solfile}" "${solfile}"
elif (( SPLITSOURCES_RC == 2 ))
then
# The script will exit with return code 2, if an UnicodeDecodeError occurred.
# This is the case if e.g. some tests are using invalid utf-8 sequences. We will ignore
# these errors, but print the actual output of the script.
printError "\n\n${OUTPUT}\n\n"
test_import_export_equivalence "${solfile}" "${solfile}"
else
# All other return codes will be treated as critical errors. The script will exit.
printError "\n\nGot unexpected return code ${SPLITSOURCES_RC} from '${SPLITSOURCES} ${solfile}'. Aborting."
printError "\n\n${OUTPUT}\n\n"
cd "${WORKINGDIR}"
# Delete temporary files
rm -rf "${FILETMP}"
exit 1
fi
cd "${WORKINGDIR}"
# Delete temporary files
rm -rf "${FILETMP}"
done
echo
if (( FAILED == 0 ))
then
echo "SUCCESS: ${TESTED} tests passed, ${FAILED} failed, ${UNCOMPILABLE} could not be compiled (${NSOURCES} sources total)."
else
fail "FAILURE: Out of ${NSOURCES} sources, ${FAILED} failed, (${UNCOMPILABLE} could not be compiled)."
fi