solidity/liblangutil/Scanner.cpp

/*
	This file is part of solidity.

	solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with solidity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

	This file is derived from the file "scanner.cc", which was part of the
	V8 project. The original copyright header follows:

	Copyright 2006-2012, the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
	Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
	met:

	* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
	  copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
	  disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
	  with the distribution.
	* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
	  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
	  from this software without specific prior written permission.

	THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
	"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
	A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
	OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
	SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
	DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
	THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
	(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
	OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/**
 * @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
 * @date 2014
 * Solidity scanner.
 */

#include <liblangutil/Exceptions.h>
#include <liblangutil/Scanner.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <tuple>

using namespace std;

namespace langutil
{

namespace
{
bool isDecimalDigit(char c)
{
	return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
}
bool isHexDigit(char c)
{
	return isDecimalDigit(c)
		   || ('a' <= c && c <= 'f')
		   || ('A' <= c && c <= 'F');
}
bool isLineTerminator(char c)
{
	return c == '\n';
}
bool isWhiteSpace(char c)
{
	return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t' || c == '\r';
}
bool isIdentifierStart(char c)
{
	return c == '_' || c == '$' || ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z');
}
bool isIdentifierPart(char c)
{
	return isIdentifierStart(c) || isDecimalDigit(c);
}
int hexValue(char c)
{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
		return c - '0';
	else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
		return c - 'a' + 10;
	else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
		return c - 'A' + 10;
	else return -1;
}
} // end anonymous namespace



/// Scoped helper for literal recording. Automatically drops the literal
/// if aborting the scanning before it's complete.
enum LiteralType {
	LITERAL_TYPE_STRING,
	LITERAL_TYPE_NUMBER, // not really different from string type in behaviour
	LITERAL_TYPE_COMMENT
};

class LiteralScope
{
public:
	explicit LiteralScope(Scanner* _self, enum LiteralType _type): m_type(_type)
	, m_scanner(_self)
	, m_complete(false)
	{
		if (_type == LITERAL_TYPE_COMMENT)
			m_scanner->m_nextSkippedComment.literal.clear();
		else
			m_scanner->m_nextToken.literal.clear();
	}
	~LiteralScope()
	{
		if (!m_complete)
		{
			if (m_type == LITERAL_TYPE_COMMENT)
				m_scanner->m_nextSkippedComment.literal.clear();
			else
				m_scanner->m_nextToken.literal.clear();
		}
	}
	void complete() { m_complete = true; }

private:
	enum LiteralType m_type;
	Scanner* m_scanner;
	bool m_complete;
}; // end of LiteralScope class


void Scanner::reset(CharStream _source, string _sourceName)
{
	m_source = std::move(_source);
	m_sourceName = make_shared<string const>(std::move(_sourceName));
	reset();
}

void Scanner::reset()
{
	m_source.reset();
	m_char = m_source.get();
	skipWhitespace();
	scanToken();
	next();
}

bool Scanner::scanHexByte(char& o_scannedByte)
{
	char x = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		int d = hexValue(m_char);
		if (d < 0)
		{
			rollback(i);
			return false;
		}
		x = x * 16 + d;
		advance();
	}
	o_scannedByte = x;
	return true;
}

bool Scanner::scanUnicode(unsigned & o_codepoint)
{
	unsigned x = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		int d = hexValue(m_char);
		if (d < 0)
		{
			rollback(i);
			return false;
		}
		x = x * 16 + d;
		advance();
	}
	o_codepoint = x;
	return true;
}

// This supports codepoints between 0000 and FFFF.
void Scanner::addUnicodeAsUTF8(unsigned codepoint)
{
	if (codepoint <= 0x7f)
		addLiteralChar(codepoint);
	else if (codepoint <= 0x7ff)
	{
		addLiteralChar(0xc0 | (codepoint >> 6));
		addLiteralChar(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3f));
	}
	else
	{
		addLiteralChar(0xe0 | (codepoint >> 12));
		addLiteralChar(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3f));
		addLiteralChar(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3f));
	}
}

// Ensure that tokens can be stored in a byte.
BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(TokenTraits::count() <= 0x100);

Token Scanner::next()
{
	m_currentToken = m_nextToken;
	m_skippedComment = m_nextSkippedComment;
	scanToken();

	return m_currentToken.token;
}

Token Scanner::selectToken(char _next, Token _then, Token _else)
{
	advance();
	if (m_char == _next)
		return selectToken(_then);
	else
		return _else;
}

bool Scanner::skipWhitespace()
{
	int const startPosition = sourcePos();
	while (isWhiteSpace(m_char))
		advance();
	// Return whether or not we skipped any characters.
	return sourcePos() != startPosition;
}

void Scanner::skipWhitespaceExceptUnicodeLinebreak()
{
	while (isWhiteSpace(m_char) && !isUnicodeLinebreak())
		advance();
}

Token Scanner::skipSingleLineComment()
{
	// Line terminator is not part of the comment. If it is a
	// non-ascii line terminator, it will result in a parser error.
	while (!isUnicodeLinebreak())
		if (!advance()) break;

	return Token::Whitespace;
}

Token Scanner::scanSingleLineDocComment()
{
	LiteralScope literal(this, LITERAL_TYPE_COMMENT);
	advance(); //consume the last '/' at ///

	skipWhitespaceExceptUnicodeLinebreak();

	while (!isSourcePastEndOfInput())
	{
		if (isLineTerminator(m_char))
		{
			// check if next line is also a documentation comment
			skipWhitespace();
			if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(3) &&
				m_source.get(0) == '/' &&
				m_source.get(1) == '/' &&
				m_source.get(2) == '/')
			{
				addCommentLiteralChar('\n');
				m_char = m_source.advanceAndGet(3);
			}
			else
				break; // next line is not a documentation comment, we are done

		}
		else if (isUnicodeLinebreak())
			// Any line terminator that is not '\n' is considered to end the
			// comment.
			break;
		addCommentLiteralChar(m_char);
		advance();
	}
	literal.complete();
	return Token::CommentLiteral;
}

Token Scanner::skipMultiLineComment()
{
	advance();
	while (!isSourcePastEndOfInput())
	{
		char ch = m_char;
		advance();

		// If we have reached the end of the multi-line comment, we
		// consume the '/' and insert a whitespace. This way all
		// multi-line comments are treated as whitespace.
		if (ch == '*' && m_char == '/')
		{
			m_char = ' ';
			return Token::Whitespace;
		}
	}
	// Unterminated multi-line comment.
	return Token::IllegalCommentTerminator;
}

Token Scanner::scanMultiLineDocComment()
{
	LiteralScope literal(this, LITERAL_TYPE_COMMENT);
	bool endFound = false;
	bool charsAdded = false;

	while (isWhiteSpace(m_char) && !isLineTerminator(m_char))
		advance();

	while (!isSourcePastEndOfInput())
	{
		//handle newlines in multline comments
		if (isLineTerminator(m_char))
		{
			skipWhitespace();
			if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && m_source.get(0) == '*' && m_source.get(1) == '*')
			{ // it is unknown if this leads to the end of the comment
				addCommentLiteralChar('*');
				advance();
			}
			else if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && m_source.get(0) == '*' && m_source.get(1) != '/')
			{ // skip first '*' in subsequent lines
				if (charsAdded)
					addCommentLiteralChar('\n');
				m_char = m_source.advanceAndGet(2);
			}
			else if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && m_source.get(0) == '*' && m_source.get(1) == '/')
			{ // if after newline the comment ends, don't insert the newline
				m_char = m_source.advanceAndGet(2);
				endFound = true;
				break;
			}
			else if (charsAdded)
				addCommentLiteralChar('\n');
		}

		if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && m_source.get(0) == '*' && m_source.get(1) == '/')
		{
			m_char = m_source.advanceAndGet(2);
			endFound = true;
			break;
		}
		addCommentLiteralChar(m_char);
		charsAdded = true;
		advance();
	}
	literal.complete();
	if (!endFound)
		return Token::IllegalCommentTerminator;
	else
		return Token::CommentLiteral;
}

Token Scanner::scanSlash()
{
	int firstSlashPosition = sourcePos();
	advance();
	if (m_char == '/')
	{
		if (!advance()) /* double slash comment directly before EOS */
			return Token::Whitespace;
		else if (m_char == '/')
		{
			// doxygen style /// comment
			Token comment;
			m_nextSkippedComment.location.start = firstSlashPosition;
			comment = scanSingleLineDocComment();
			m_nextSkippedComment.location.end = sourcePos();
			m_nextSkippedComment.token = comment;
			return Token::Whitespace;
		}
		else
			return skipSingleLineComment();
	}
	else if (m_char == '*')
	{
		// doxygen style /** natspec comment
		if (!advance()) /* slash star comment before EOS */
			return Token::IllegalCommentTerminator;
		else if (m_char == '*')
		{
			advance(); //consume the last '*' at /**

			// "/**/"
			if (m_char == '/')
			{
				advance(); //skip the closing slash
				return Token::Whitespace;
			}
			// we actually have a multiline documentation comment
			Token comment;
			m_nextSkippedComment.location.start = firstSlashPosition;
			comment = scanMultiLineDocComment();
			m_nextSkippedComment.location.end = sourcePos();
			m_nextSkippedComment.token = comment;
			// @todo possibly: if (comment.isIllegal) return comment; to pass all errors
			if (comment == Token::IllegalCommentTerminator)
				return Token::IllegalCommentTerminator;
			else
				return Token::Whitespace;
		}
		else
			return skipMultiLineComment();
	}
	else if (m_char == '=')
		return selectToken(Token::AssignDiv);
	else
		return Token::Div;
}

void Scanner::scanToken()
{
	m_nextToken.literal.clear();
	m_nextToken.extendedTokenInfo = make_tuple(0, 0);
	m_nextSkippedComment.literal.clear();
	m_nextSkippedComment.extendedTokenInfo = make_tuple(0, 0);

	Token token;
	// M and N are for the purposes of grabbing different type sizes
	unsigned m;
	unsigned n;
	do
	{
		// Remember the position of the next token
		m_nextToken.location.start = sourcePos();
		switch (m_char)
		{
		case '"':
		case '\'':
			token = scanString();
			break;
		case '<':
			// < <= << <<=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::LessThanOrEqual);
			else if (m_char == '<')
				token = selectToken('=', Token::AssignShl, Token::SHL);
			else
				token = Token::LessThan;
			break;
		case '>':
			// > >= >> >>= >>> >>>=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::GreaterThanOrEqual);
			else if (m_char == '>')
			{
				// >> >>= >>> >>>=
				advance();
				if (m_char == '=')
					token = selectToken(Token::AssignSar);
				else if (m_char == '>')
					token = selectToken('=', Token::AssignShr, Token::SHR);
				else
					token = Token::SAR;
			}
			else
				token = Token::GreaterThan;
			break;
		case '=':
			// = == =>
			advance();
			if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::Equal);
			else if (m_char == '>')
				token = selectToken(Token::Arrow);
			else
				token = Token::Assign;
			break;
		case '!':
			// ! !=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::NotEqual);
			else
				token = Token::Not;
			break;
		case '+':
			// + ++ +=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '+')
				token = selectToken(Token::Inc);
			else if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::AssignAdd);
			else
				token = Token::Add;
			break;
		case '-':
			// - -- -=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '-')
				token = selectToken(Token::Dec);
			else if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::AssignSub);
			else
				token = Token::Sub;
			break;
		case '*':
			// * ** *=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '*')
				token = selectToken(Token::Exp);
			else if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::AssignMul);
			else
				token = Token::Mul;
			break;
		case '%':
			// % %=
			token = selectToken('=', Token::AssignMod, Token::Mod);
			break;
		case '/':
			// /  // /* /=
			token = scanSlash();
			break;
		case '&':
			// & && &=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '&')
				token = selectToken(Token::And);
			else if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::AssignBitAnd);
			else
				token = Token::BitAnd;
			break;
		case '|':
			// | || |=
			advance();
			if (m_char == '|')
				token = selectToken(Token::Or);
			else if (m_char == '=')
				token = selectToken(Token::AssignBitOr);
			else
				token = Token::BitOr;
			break;
		case '^':
			// ^ ^=
			token = selectToken('=', Token::AssignBitXor, Token::BitXor);
			break;
		case '.':
			// . Number
			advance();
			if (isDecimalDigit(m_char))
				token = scanNumber('.');
			else
				token = Token::Period;
			break;
		case ':':
			token = selectToken(Token::Colon);
			break;
		case ';':
			token = selectToken(Token::Semicolon);
			break;
		case ',':
			token = selectToken(Token::Comma);
			break;
		case '(':
			token = selectToken(Token::LParen);
			break;
		case ')':
			token = selectToken(Token::RParen);
			break;
		case '[':
			token = selectToken(Token::LBrack);
			break;
		case ']':
			token = selectToken(Token::RBrack);
			break;
		case '{':
			token = selectToken(Token::LBrace);
			break;
		case '}':
			token = selectToken(Token::RBrace);
			break;
		case '?':
			token = selectToken(Token::Conditional);
			break;
		case '~':
			token = selectToken(Token::BitNot);
			break;
		default:
			if (isIdentifierStart(m_char))
			{
				tie(token, m, n) = scanIdentifierOrKeyword();

				// Special case for hexadecimal literals
				if (token == Token::Hex)
				{
					// reset
					m = 0;
					n = 0;

					// Special quoted hex string must follow
					if (m_char == '"' || m_char == '\'')
						token = scanHexString();
					else
						token = Token::IllegalHex;
				}
			}
			else if (isDecimalDigit(m_char))
				token = scanNumber();
			else if (skipWhitespace())
				token = Token::Whitespace;
			else if (isSourcePastEndOfInput())
				token = Token::EOS;
			else
				// @todo verfiy if this is actually an "IllegalUnknown" case
				token = selectToken(Token::Illegal);
			break;
		}
		// Continue scanning for tokens as long as we're just skipping
		// whitespace.
	}
	while (token == Token::Whitespace);
	m_nextToken.location.end = sourcePos();
	m_nextToken.token = token;
	m_nextToken.extendedTokenInfo = make_tuple(m, n);
}

bool Scanner::scanEscape()
{
	char c = m_char;
	advance();
	// Skip escaped newlines.
	if (isLineTerminator(c))
		return true;
	switch (c)
	{
	case '\'':  // fall through
	case '"':  // fall through
	case '\\':
		break;
	case 'b':
		c = '\b';
		break;
	case 'f':
		c = '\f';
		break;
	case 'n':
		c = '\n';
		break;
	case 'r':
		c = '\r';
		break;
	case 't':
		c = '\t';
		break;
	case 'v':
		c = '\v';
		break;
	case 'u':
	{
		unsigned codepoint;
		if (!scanUnicode(codepoint))
			return false;
		addUnicodeAsUTF8(codepoint);
		return true;
	}
	case 'x':
		if (!scanHexByte(c))
			return false;
		break;
	default:
		return false;
	}

	addLiteralChar(c);
	return true;
}

bool Scanner::isUnicodeLinebreak()
{
	if (0x0a <= m_char && m_char <= 0x0d)
		// line feed, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return
		return true;
	else if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && uint8_t(m_source.get(0)) == 0xc2 && uint8_t(m_source.get(1)) == 0x85)
		// NEL - U+0085, C2 85 in utf8
		return true;
	else if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(2) && uint8_t(m_source.get(0)) == 0xe2 && uint8_t(m_source.get(1)) == 0x80 && (
		uint8_t(m_source.get(2)) == 0xa8 || uint8_t(m_source.get(2)) == 0xa9
	))
		// LS - U+2028, E2 80 A8  in utf8
		// PS - U+2029, E2 80 A9  in utf8
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}

Token Scanner::scanString()
{
	char const quote = m_char;
	advance();  // consume quote
	LiteralScope literal(this, LITERAL_TYPE_STRING);
	while (m_char != quote && !isSourcePastEndOfInput() && !isUnicodeLinebreak())
	{
		char c = m_char;
		advance();
		if (c == '\\')
		{
			if (isSourcePastEndOfInput() || !scanEscape())
				return Token::IllegalStringEscape;
		}
		else
			addLiteralChar(c);
	}
	if (m_char != quote)
		return Token::IllegalStringEndQuote;
	literal.complete();
	advance();  // consume quote
	return Token::StringLiteral;
}

Token Scanner::scanHexString()
{
	char const quote = m_char;
	advance();  // consume quote
	LiteralScope literal(this, LITERAL_TYPE_STRING);
	while (m_char != quote && !isSourcePastEndOfInput())
	{
		char c = m_char;
		if (!scanHexByte(c))
			return Token::IllegalHex;
		addLiteralChar(c);
	}
	if (m_char != quote)
		return Token::IllegalHex;
	literal.complete();
	advance();  // consume quote
	return Token::StringLiteral;
}

// Parse for regex [:digit:]+(_[:digit:]+)*
void Scanner::scanDecimalDigits()
{
	// MUST begin with a decimal digit.
	if (!isDecimalDigit(m_char))
		return;

	// May continue with decimal digit or underscore for grouping.
	do addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
	while (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput() && (isDecimalDigit(m_char) || m_char == '_'));

	// Defer further validation of underscore to SyntaxChecker.
}

Token Scanner::scanNumber(char _charSeen)
{
	enum { DECIMAL, HEX, BINARY } kind = DECIMAL;
	LiteralScope literal(this, LITERAL_TYPE_NUMBER);
	if (_charSeen == '.')
	{
		// we have already seen a decimal point of the float
		addLiteralChar('.');
		if (m_char == '_')
			// @todo add test-case (change of return value did not break test)
			return Token::IllegalNumberSeparator;
		scanDecimalDigits();  // we know we have at least one digit
	}
	else
	{
		solAssert(_charSeen == 0, "");
		// if the first character is '0' we must check for octals and hex
		if (m_char == '0')
		{
			addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
			// either 0, 0exxx, 0Exxx, 0.xxx or a hex number
			if (m_char == 'x')
			{
				// hex number
				kind = HEX;
				addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
				if (!isHexDigit(m_char))
					return Token::IllegalHexDigit; // we must have at least one hex digit after 'x'

				while (isHexDigit(m_char) || m_char == '_') // We keep the underscores for later validation
					addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
			}
			else if (isDecimalDigit(m_char))
				// We do not allow octal numbers
				return Token::IllegalOctalNotAllowed;
		}
		// Parse decimal digits and allow trailing fractional part.
		if (kind == DECIMAL)
		{
			scanDecimalDigits();  // optional
			if (m_char == '.')
			{
				if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && m_source.get(1) == '_')
				{
					// Assume the input may be a floating point number with leading '_' in fraction part.
					// Recover by consuming it all but returning `Illegal` right away.
					addLiteralCharAndAdvance(); // '.'
					addLiteralCharAndAdvance(); // '_'
					scanDecimalDigits();
				}
				if (m_source.isPastEndOfInput() || !isDecimalDigit(m_source.get(1)))
				{
					// A '.' has to be followed by a number.
					literal.complete();
					return Token::Number;
				}
				addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
				scanDecimalDigits();
			}
		}
	}
	// scan exponent, if any
	if (m_char == 'e' || m_char == 'E')
	{
		solAssert(kind != HEX, "'e'/'E' must be scanned as part of the hex number");
		if (kind != DECIMAL)
			// @todo add test (change introduced no failing)
			return Token::IllegalExponent;
		else if (!m_source.isPastEndOfInput(1) && m_source.get(1) == '_')
		{
			// Recover from wrongly placed underscore as delimiter in literal with scientific
			// notation by consuming until the end.
			addLiteralCharAndAdvance(); // 'e'
			addLiteralCharAndAdvance(); // '_'
			scanDecimalDigits();
			literal.complete();
			return Token::Number;
		}
		// scan exponent
		addLiteralCharAndAdvance(); // 'e' | 'E'
		if (m_char == '+' || m_char == '-')
			addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
		if (!isDecimalDigit(m_char))
			return Token::IllegalExponent; // we must have at least one decimal digit after 'e'/'E'
		scanDecimalDigits();
	}
	// The source character immediately following a numeric literal must
	// not be an identifier start or a decimal digit; see ECMA-262
	// section 7.8.3, page 17 (note that we read only one decimal digit
	// if the value is 0).
	if (isDecimalDigit(m_char) || isIdentifierStart(m_char))
		return Token::IllegalNumberEnd;
	literal.complete();
	return Token::Number;
}

tuple<Token, unsigned, unsigned> Scanner::scanIdentifierOrKeyword()
{
	solAssert(isIdentifierStart(m_char), "");
	LiteralScope literal(this, LITERAL_TYPE_STRING);
	addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
	// Scan the rest of the identifier characters.
	while (isIdentifierPart(m_char)) //get full literal
		addLiteralCharAndAdvance();
	literal.complete();
	return TokenTraits::fromIdentifierOrKeyword(m_nextToken.literal);
}


}