solidity/ExpressionCompiler.h

/*
	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.

	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/**
 * @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
 * @date 2014
 * Solidity AST to EVM bytecode compiler for expressions.
 */

#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
#include <libsolidity/ASTVisitor.h>

namespace dev {
namespace eth
{
class AssemblyItem; // forward
}
namespace solidity {

class CompilerContext; // forward
class Type; // forward
class IntegerType; // forward

/**
 * Compiler for expressions, i.e. converts an AST tree whose root is an Expression into a stream
 * of EVM instructions. It needs a compiler context that is the same for the whole compilation
 * unit.
 */
class ExpressionCompiler: private ASTVisitor
{
public:
	/// Compile the given @a _expression into the @a _context.
	static void compileExpression(CompilerContext& _context, Expression& _expression);

	/// Appends code to remove dirty higher order bits in case of an implicit promotion to a wider type.
	static void appendTypeConversion(CompilerContext& _context, Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetType);

private:
	ExpressionCompiler(CompilerContext& _compilerContext):
		m_context(_compilerContext), m_currentLValue(m_context) {}

	virtual bool visit(Assignment& _assignment) override;
	virtual void endVisit(UnaryOperation& _unaryOperation) override;
	virtual bool visit(BinaryOperation& _binaryOperation) override;
	virtual bool visit(FunctionCall& _functionCall) override;
	virtual void endVisit(MemberAccess& _memberAccess) override;
	virtual bool visit(IndexAccess& _indexAccess) override;
	virtual void endVisit(Identifier& _identifier) override;
	virtual void endVisit(Literal& _literal) override;

	///@{
	///@name Append code for various operator types
	void appendAndOrOperatorCode(BinaryOperation& _binaryOperation);
	void appendCompareOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator, Type const& _type);
	void appendOrdinaryBinaryOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator, Type const& _type);

	void appendArithmeticOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator, Type const& _type);
	void appendBitOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator);
	void appendShiftOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator);
	/// @}

	/// Appends an implicit or explicit type conversion. For now this comprises only erasing
	/// higher-order bits (@see appendHighBitCleanup) when widening integer types.
	/// If @a _cleanupNeeded, high order bits cleanup is also done if no type conversion would be
	/// necessary.
	void appendTypeConversion(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetType, bool _cleanupNeeded = false);
	//// Appends code that cleans higher-order bits for integer types.
	void appendHighBitsCleanup(IntegerType const& _typeOnStack);

	/**
	 * Helper class to store and retrieve lvalues to and from various locations.
	 * All types except STACK store a reference in a slot on the stack, STACK just
	 * stores the base stack offset of the variable in @a m_baseStackOffset.
	 */
	class LValue
	{
	public:
		enum LValueType { NONE, STACK, MEMORY, STORAGE };

		explicit LValue(CompilerContext& _compilerContext): m_context(&_compilerContext) { reset(); }
		LValue(CompilerContext& _compilerContext, LValueType _type, unsigned _baseStackOffset = 0):
			m_context(&_compilerContext), m_type(_type), m_baseStackOffset(_baseStackOffset) {}

		/// Set type according to the declaration and retrieve the reference.
		/// @a _expression is the current expression
		void fromIdentifier(Identifier const& _identifier, Declaration const& _declaration);
		void reset() { m_type = NONE; m_baseStackOffset = 0; }

		bool isValid() const { return m_type != NONE; }
		bool isInOnStack() const { return m_type == STACK; }
		bool isInMemory() const { return m_type == MEMORY; }
		bool isInStorage() const { return m_type == STORAGE; }

		/// @returns true if this lvalue reference type occupies a slot on the stack.
		bool storesReferenceOnStack() const { return m_type == STORAGE || m_type == MEMORY; }

		/// Copies the value of the current lvalue to the top of the stack and, if @a _remove is true,
		/// also removes the reference from the stack (note that is does not reset the type to @a NONE).
		/// @a _expression is the current expression, used for error reporting.
		void retrieveValue(Expression const& _expression, bool _remove = false) const;
		/// Stores a value (from the stack directly beneath the reference, which is assumed to
		/// be on the top of the stack, if any) in the lvalue and removes the reference.
		/// Also removes the stored value from the stack if @a _move is
		/// true. @a _expression is the current expression, used for error reporting.
		void storeValue(Expression const& _expression, bool _move = false) const;

		/// Convenience function to convert the stored reference to a value and reset type to NONE if
		/// the reference was not requested by @a _expression.
		void retrieveValueIfLValueNotRequested(Expression const& _expression);

	private:
		CompilerContext* m_context;
		LValueType m_type;
		/// If m_type is STACK, this is base stack offset (@see
		/// CompilerContext::getBaseStackOffsetOfVariable) of a local variable.
		unsigned m_baseStackOffset;
	};

	CompilerContext& m_context;
	LValue m_currentLValue;
	/// If a "virtual" function (i.e. a bulit-in function without jump tag) is encountered, the
	/// actual function is stored here. @todo prevent assignment or store it with assignment
	enum class SpecialFunction { NONE, SEND, SHA3, SUICIDE, ECRECOVER, SHA256, RIPEMD160 };
	SpecialFunction m_currentSpecialFunction;
};


}
}