solidity/libsolidity/analysis/StaticAnalyzer.cpp

/*
	This file is part of solidity.

	solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with solidity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/**
 * @author Federico Bond <federicobond@gmail.com>
 * @date 2016
 * Static analyzer and checker.
 */

#include <libsolidity/analysis/StaticAnalyzer.h>
#include <libsolidity/analysis/ConstantEvaluator.h>
#include <libsolidity/ast/AST.h>
#include <libsolidity/interface/ErrorReporter.h>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;
using namespace dev;
using namespace dev::solidity;

bool StaticAnalyzer::analyze(SourceUnit const& _sourceUnit)
{
	_sourceUnit.accept(*this);
	return Error::containsOnlyWarnings(m_errorReporter.errors());
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(ContractDefinition const& _contract)
{
	m_library = _contract.isLibrary();
	m_currentContract = &_contract;
	return true;
}

void StaticAnalyzer::endVisit(ContractDefinition const&)
{
	m_library = false;
	m_currentContract = nullptr;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(FunctionDefinition const& _function)
{
	const bool isInterface = m_currentContract->contractKind() == ContractDefinition::ContractKind::Interface;

	if (_function.noVisibilitySpecified())
		m_errorReporter.warning(
			_function.location(),
			"No visibility specified. Defaulting to \"" +
			Declaration::visibilityToString(_function.visibility()) +
			"\". " +
			(isInterface ? "In interfaces it defaults to external." : "")
		);
	if (_function.isImplemented())
		m_currentFunction = &_function;
	else
		solAssert(!m_currentFunction, "");
	solAssert(m_localVarUseCount.empty(), "");
	m_nonPayablePublic = _function.isPublic() && !_function.isPayable();
	m_constructor = _function.isConstructor();
	return true;
}

void StaticAnalyzer::endVisit(FunctionDefinition const&)
{
	m_currentFunction = nullptr;
	m_nonPayablePublic = false;
	m_constructor = false;
	for (auto const& var: m_localVarUseCount)
		if (var.second == 0)
		{
			if (var.first.second->isCallableParameter())
				m_errorReporter.warning(
					var.first.second->location(),
					"Unused function parameter. Remove or comment out the variable name to silence this warning."
				);
			else
				m_errorReporter.warning(var.first.second->location(), "Unused local variable.");
		}

	m_localVarUseCount.clear();
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(Identifier const& _identifier)
{
	if (m_currentFunction)
		if (auto var = dynamic_cast<VariableDeclaration const*>(_identifier.annotation().referencedDeclaration))
		{
			solAssert(!var->name().empty(), "");
			if (var->isLocalVariable())
				m_localVarUseCount[make_pair(var->id(), var)] += 1;
		}
	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(VariableDeclaration const& _variable)
{
	if (m_currentFunction)
	{
		solAssert(_variable.isLocalVariable(), "");
		if (_variable.name() != "")
			// This is not a no-op, the entry might pre-exist.
			m_localVarUseCount[make_pair(_variable.id(), &_variable)] += 0;
	}
	else if (_variable.isStateVariable())
	{
		set<StructDefinition const*> structsSeen;
		if (structureSizeEstimate(*_variable.type(), structsSeen) >= bigint(1) << 64)
			m_errorReporter.warning(
				_variable.location(),
				"Variable covers a large part of storage and thus makes collisions likely. "
				"Either use mappings or dynamic arrays and allow their size to be increased only "
				"in small quantities per transaction."
			);
	}
	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(Return const& _return)
{
	// If the return has an expression, it counts as
	// a "use" of the return parameters.
	if (m_currentFunction && _return.expression())
		for (auto const& var: m_currentFunction->returnParameters())
			if (!var->name().empty())
				m_localVarUseCount[make_pair(var->id(), var.get())] += 1;
	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(ExpressionStatement const& _statement)
{
	if (_statement.expression().annotation().isPure)
		m_errorReporter.warning(
			_statement.location(),
			"Statement has no effect."
		);

	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess)
{
	bool const v050 = m_currentContract->sourceUnit().annotation().experimentalFeatures.count(ExperimentalFeature::V050);

	if (MagicType const* type = dynamic_cast<MagicType const*>(_memberAccess.expression().annotation().type.get()))
	{
		if (type->kind() == MagicType::Kind::Message && _memberAccess.memberName() == "gas")
		{
			if (v050)
				m_errorReporter.typeError(
					_memberAccess.location(),
					"\"msg.gas\" has been deprecated in favor of \"gasleft()\""
				);
			else
				m_errorReporter.warning(
					_memberAccess.location(),
					"\"msg.gas\" has been deprecated in favor of \"gasleft()\""
				);
		}
		if (type->kind() == MagicType::Kind::Block && _memberAccess.memberName() == "blockhash")
		{
			if (v050)
				m_errorReporter.typeError(
					_memberAccess.location(),
					"\"block.blockhash()\" has been deprecated in favor of \"blockhash()\""
				);
			else
				m_errorReporter.warning(
					_memberAccess.location(),
					"\"block.blockhash()\" has been deprecated in favor of \"blockhash()\""
				);
		}
	}

	if (m_nonPayablePublic && !m_library)
		if (MagicType const* type = dynamic_cast<MagicType const*>(_memberAccess.expression().annotation().type.get()))
			if (type->kind() == MagicType::Kind::Message && _memberAccess.memberName() == "value")
				m_errorReporter.warning(
					_memberAccess.location(),
					"\"msg.value\" used in non-payable function. Do you want to add the \"payable\" modifier to this function?"
				);

	if (_memberAccess.memberName() == "callcode")
		if (auto const* type = dynamic_cast<FunctionType const*>(_memberAccess.annotation().type.get()))
			if (type->kind() == FunctionType::Kind::BareCallCode)
			{
				if (v050)
					m_errorReporter.typeError(
						_memberAccess.location(),
						"\"callcode\" has been deprecated in favour of \"delegatecall\"."
					);
				else
					m_errorReporter.warning(
						_memberAccess.location(),
						"\"callcode\" has been deprecated in favour of \"delegatecall\"."
					);
			}

	if (m_constructor)
	{
		auto const* expr = &_memberAccess.expression();
		while(expr)
		{
			if (auto id = dynamic_cast<Identifier const*>(expr))
			{
				if (id->name() == "this")
					m_errorReporter.warning(
						id->location(),
						"\"this\" used in constructor. "
						"Note that external functions of a contract "
						"cannot be called while it is being constructed.");
				break;
			}
			else if (auto tuple = dynamic_cast<TupleExpression const*>(expr))
			{
				if (tuple->components().size() == 1)
					expr = tuple->components().front().get();
				else
					break;
			}
			else
				break;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(InlineAssembly const& _inlineAssembly)
{
	if (!m_currentFunction)
		return true;

	for (auto const& ref: _inlineAssembly.annotation().externalReferences)
	{
		if (auto var = dynamic_cast<VariableDeclaration const*>(ref.second.declaration))
		{
			solAssert(!var->name().empty(), "");
			if (var->isLocalVariable())
				m_localVarUseCount[make_pair(var->id(), var)] += 1;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(BinaryOperation const& _operation)
{
	if (
		_operation.rightExpression().annotation().isPure &&
		(_operation.getOperator() == Token::Div || _operation.getOperator() == Token::Mod)
	)
		if (auto rhs = dynamic_pointer_cast<RationalNumberType const>(
			ConstantEvaluator(m_errorReporter).evaluate(_operation.rightExpression())
		))
			if (rhs->isZero())
				m_errorReporter.typeError(
					_operation.location(),
					(_operation.getOperator() == Token::Div) ? "Division by zero." : "Modulo zero."
				);

	return true;
}

bool StaticAnalyzer::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
{
	if (_functionCall.annotation().kind == FunctionCallKind::FunctionCall)
	{
		auto functionType = dynamic_pointer_cast<FunctionType const>(_functionCall.expression().annotation().type);
		solAssert(functionType, "");
		if (functionType->kind() == FunctionType::Kind::AddMod || functionType->kind() == FunctionType::Kind::MulMod)
		{
			solAssert(_functionCall.arguments().size() == 3, "");
			if (_functionCall.arguments()[2]->annotation().isPure)
				if (auto lastArg = dynamic_pointer_cast<RationalNumberType const>(
					ConstantEvaluator(m_errorReporter).evaluate(*(_functionCall.arguments())[2])
				))
					if (lastArg->isZero())
						m_errorReporter.typeError(
							_functionCall.location(),
							"Arithmetic modulo zero."
						);
		}
	}
	return true;
}

bigint StaticAnalyzer::structureSizeEstimate(Type const& _type, set<StructDefinition const*>& _structsSeen)
{
	switch (_type.category())
	{
	case Type::Category::Array:
	{
		auto const& t = dynamic_cast<ArrayType const&>(_type);
		return structureSizeEstimate(*t.baseType(), _structsSeen) * (t.isDynamicallySized() ? 1 : t.length());
	}
	case Type::Category::Struct:
	{
		auto const& t = dynamic_cast<StructType const&>(_type);
		bigint size = 1;
		if (!_structsSeen.count(&t.structDefinition()))
		{
			_structsSeen.insert(&t.structDefinition());
			for (auto const& m: t.members(nullptr))
				size += structureSizeEstimate(*m.type, _structsSeen);
		}
		return size;
	}
	case Type::Category::Mapping:
	{
		return structureSizeEstimate(*dynamic_cast<MappingType const&>(_type).valueType(), _structsSeen);
	}
	default:
		break;
	}
	return bigint(1);
}