mirror of
https://github.com/ethereum/solidity
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182 lines
6.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
182 lines
6.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
Solidity
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========
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Solidity is an object-oriented, high-level language for implementing smart
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contracts. Smart contracts are programs which govern the behaviour of accounts
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within the Ethereum state.
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Solidity is a `curly-bracket language <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_type#Curly-bracket_languages>`_ designed to target the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
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It is influenced by C++, Python and JavaScript. You can find more details about which languages Solidity has been inspired by in the :doc:`language influences <language-influences>` section.
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Solidity is statically typed, supports inheritance, libraries and complex
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user-defined types among other features.
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With Solidity you can create contracts for uses such as voting, crowdfunding, blind auctions,
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and multi-signature wallets.
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When deploying contracts, you should use the latest released
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version of Solidity. Apart from exceptional cases, only the latest version receives
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`security fixes <https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/security/policy#supported-versions>`_.
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Furthermore, breaking changes as well as
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new features are introduced regularly. We currently use
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a 0.y.z version number `to indicate this fast pace of change <https://semver.org/#spec-item-4>`_.
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.. warning::
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Solidity recently released the 0.8.x version that introduced a lot of breaking
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changes. Make sure you read :doc:`the full list <080-breaking-changes>`.
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Ideas for improving Solidity or this documentation are always welcome,
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read our :doc:`contributors guide <contributing>` for more details.
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.. Hint::
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You can download this documentation as PDF, HTML or Epub by clicking on the versions
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flyout menu in the bottom-left corner and selecting the preferred download format.
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Getting Started
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---------------
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**1. Understand the Smart Contract Basics**
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If you are new to the concept of smart contracts we recommend you to get started by digging
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into the "Introduction to Smart Contracts" section, which covers:
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* :ref:`A simple example smart contract <simple-smart-contract>` written in Solidity.
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* :ref:`Blockchain Basics <blockchain-basics>`.
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* :ref:`The Ethereum Virtual Machine <the-ethereum-virtual-machine>`.
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**2. Get to Know Solidity**
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Once you are accustomed to the basics, we recommend you read the :doc:`"Solidity by Example" <solidity-by-example>`
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and “Language Description” sections to understand the core concepts of the language.
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**3. Install the Solidity Compiler**
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There are various ways to install the Solidity compiler,
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simply choose your preferred option and follow the steps outlined on the :ref:`installation page <installing-solidity>`.
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.. hint::
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You can try out code examples directly in your browser with the
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`Remix IDE <https://remix.ethereum.org>`_. Remix is a web browser based IDE
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that allows you to write, deploy and administer Solidity smart contracts, without
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the need to install Solidity locally.
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.. warning::
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As humans write software, it can have bugs. You should follow established
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software development best-practices when writing your smart contracts. This
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includes code review, testing, audits, and correctness proofs. Smart contract
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users are sometimes more confident with code than their authors, and
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blockchains and smart contracts have their own unique issues to
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watch out for, so before working on production code, make sure you read the
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:ref:`security_considerations` section.
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**4. Learn More**
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If you want to learn more about building decentralized applications on Ethereum, the
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`Ethereum Developer Resources <https://ethereum.org/en/developers/>`_
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can help you with further general documentation around Ethereum, and a wide selection of tutorials,
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tools and development frameworks.
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If you have any questions, you can try searching for answers or asking on the
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`Ethereum StackExchange <https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/>`_, or
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our `Gitter channel <https://gitter.im/ethereum/solidity/>`_.
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.. _translations:
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Translations
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------------
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Community contributors help translate this documentation into several languages.
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Note that they have varying degrees of completeness and up-to-dateness. The English
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version stands as a reference.
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You can switch between languages by clicking on the flyout menu in the bottom-left corner
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and selecting the preferred language.
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* `Chinese <https://github.com/solidity-docs/zh-cn-chinese/>`_
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* `French <https://docs.soliditylang.org/fr/latest/>`_
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* `Indonesian <https://github.com/solidity-docs/id-indonesian>`_
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* `Japanese <https://github.com/solidity-docs/ja-japanese>`_
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* `Korean <https://github.com/solidity-docs/ko-korean>`_
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* `Persian <https://github.com/solidity-docs/fa-persian>`_
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* `Russian <https://github.com/solidity-docs/ru-russian>`_
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* `Spanish <https://github.com/solidity-docs/es-spanish>`_
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* `Turkish <https://github.com/solidity-docs/tr-turkish>`_
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.. note::
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We set up a GitHub organization and translation workflow to help streamline the
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community efforts. Please refer to the translation guide in the `solidity-docs org <https://github.com/solidity-docs>`_
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for information on how to start a new language or contribute to the community translations.
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Contents
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========
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:ref:`Keyword Index <genindex>`, :ref:`Search Page <search>`
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:caption: Basics
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introduction-to-smart-contracts.rst
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installing-solidity.rst
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solidity-by-example.rst
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:caption: Language Description
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layout-of-source-files.rst
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structure-of-a-contract.rst
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types.rst
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units-and-global-variables.rst
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control-structures.rst
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contracts.rst
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assembly.rst
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cheatsheet.rst
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grammar.rst
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:caption: Compiler
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using-the-compiler.rst
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analysing-compilation-output.rst
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ir-breaking-changes.rst
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:caption: Internals
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internals/layout_in_storage.rst
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internals/layout_in_memory.rst
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internals/layout_in_calldata.rst
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internals/variable_cleanup.rst
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internals/source_mappings.rst
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internals/optimizer.rst
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metadata.rst
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abi-spec.rst
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:caption: Additional Material
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050-breaking-changes.rst
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060-breaking-changes.rst
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070-breaking-changes.rst
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080-breaking-changes.rst
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natspec-format.rst
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security-considerations.rst
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smtchecker.rst
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resources.rst
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path-resolution.rst
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yul.rst
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style-guide.rst
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common-patterns.rst
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bugs.rst
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contributing.rst
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brand-guide.rst
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language-influences.rst
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