solidity/libsolidity/codegen/ExpressionCompiler.h

/*
	This file is part of solidity.

	solidity is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	solidity is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with solidity.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
/**
 * @author Christian <c@ethdev.com>
 * @author Gav Wood <g@ethdev.com>
 * @date 2014
 * Solidity AST to EVM bytecode compiler for expressions.
 */

#pragma once

#include <libsolidity/ast/ASTVisitor.h>
#include <libsolidity/codegen/LValue.h>
#include <libsolidity/interface/DebugSettings.h>
#include <liblangutil/Exceptions.h>
#include <liblangutil/SourceLocation.h>
#include <libsolutil/Common.h>

#include <functional>
#include <memory>

namespace solidity::evmasm
{
class AssemblyItem; // forward
}

namespace solidity::frontend
{

// forward declarations
class CompilerContext;
class CompilerUtils;
class Type;
class IntegerType;
class ArrayType;

/**
 * Compiler for expressions, i.e. converts an AST tree whose root is an Expression into a stream
 * of EVM instructions. It needs a compiler context that is the same for the whole compilation
 * unit.
 */
class ExpressionCompiler: private ASTConstVisitor
{
public:
	ExpressionCompiler(
		CompilerContext& _compilerContext,
		bool _optimiseOrderLiterals
	):
		m_optimiseOrderLiterals(_optimiseOrderLiterals),
		m_context(_compilerContext)
	{}

	/// Compile the given @a _expression and leave its value on the stack.
	void compile(Expression const& _expression);

	/// Appends code to set a state variable to its initial value/expression.
	void appendStateVariableInitialization(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl);

	/// Appends code for a State Variable accessor function
	void appendStateVariableAccessor(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl);

	/// Appends code for a Constant State Variable accessor function
	void appendConstStateVariableAccessor(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl);

private:
	bool visit(Conditional const& _condition) override;
	bool visit(Assignment const& _assignment) override;
	bool visit(TupleExpression const& _tuple) override;
	bool visit(UnaryOperation const& _unaryOperation) override;
	bool visit(BinaryOperation const& _binaryOperation) override;
	bool visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall) override;
	bool visit(FunctionCallOptions const& _functionCallOptions) override;
	bool visit(NewExpression const& _newExpression) override;
	bool visit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess) override;
	bool visit(IndexAccess const& _indexAccess) override;
	bool visit(IndexRangeAccess const& _indexAccess) override;
	void endVisit(Identifier const& _identifier) override;
	void endVisit(Literal const& _literal) override;

	///@{
	///@name Append code for various operator types
	void appendAndOrOperatorCode(BinaryOperation const& _binaryOperation);
	void appendCompareOperatorCode(Token _operator, Type const& _type);
	void appendOrdinaryBinaryOperatorCode(Token _operator, Type const& _type);

	void appendArithmeticOperatorCode(Token _operator, Type const& _type);
	void appendBitOperatorCode(Token _operator);
	void appendShiftOperatorCode(Token _operator, Type const& _valueType, Type const& _shiftAmountType);
	void appendExpOperatorCode(Type const& _valueType, Type const& _exponentType);
	/// @}

	/// Appends code to call a function of the given type with the given arguments.
	/// @param _tryCall if true, this is the external call of a try statement. In that case,
	///                 returns success flag on top of stack and does not revert on failure.
	void appendExternalFunctionCall(
		FunctionType const& _functionType,
		std::vector<ASTPointer<Expression const>> const& _arguments,
		bool _tryCall
	);
	/// Appends code that evaluates a single expression and moves the result to memory. The memory offset is
	/// expected to be on the stack and is updated by this call.
	void appendExpressionCopyToMemory(Type const& _expectedType, Expression const& _expression);

	/// Appends code for a variable that might be a constant or not
	void appendVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _variable, Expression const& _expression);
	/// Sets the current LValue to a new one (of the appropriate type) from the given declaration.
	/// Also retrieves the value if it was not requested by @a _expression.
	void setLValueFromDeclaration(Declaration const& _declaration, Expression const& _expression);
	/// Sets the current LValue to a StorageItem holding the type of @a _expression. The reference is assumed
	/// to be on the stack.
	/// Also retrieves the value if it was not requested by @a _expression.
	void setLValueToStorageItem(Expression const& _expression);
	/// Sets the current LValue to a new LValue constructed from the arguments.
	/// Also retrieves the value if it was not requested by @a _expression.
	template <class LValueType, class... Arguments>
	void setLValue(Expression const& _expression, Arguments const&... _arguments);

	/// @returns true if the operator applied to the given type requires a cleanup prior to the
	/// operation.
	static bool cleanupNeededForOp(Type::Category _type, Token _op, Arithmetic _arithmetic);

	void acceptAndConvert(Expression const& _expression, Type const& _type, bool _cleanupNeeded = false);

	/// @returns the CompilerUtils object containing the current context.
	CompilerUtils utils();

	bool m_optimiseOrderLiterals;
	CompilerContext& m_context;
	std::unique_ptr<LValue> m_currentLValue;

};

template <class LValueType, class... Arguments>
void ExpressionCompiler::setLValue(Expression const& _expression, Arguments const&... _arguments)
{
	solAssert(!m_currentLValue, "Current LValue not reset before trying to set new one.");
	std::unique_ptr<LValueType> lvalue = std::make_unique<LValueType>(m_context, _arguments...);
	if (_expression.annotation().willBeWrittenTo)
		m_currentLValue = move(lvalue);
	else
		lvalue->retrieveValue(_expression.location(), true);
}

}