diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 952b1674f..cbf184808 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ add_executable(testeth ${SRC_LIST} ${HEADERS})
 
 target_link_libraries(testeth ${Boost_UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_LIBRARIES})
 target_link_libraries(testeth ${CURL_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries(testeth ${CRYPTOPP_LIBRARIES})
 target_link_libraries(testeth ethereum)
 target_link_libraries(testeth ethcore)
 if (NOT WIN32)
diff --git a/TestHelper.cpp b/TestHelper.cpp
index 698f35122..9a1b16935 100644
--- a/TestHelper.cpp
+++ b/TestHelper.cpp
@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@ void ImportTest::importState(json_spirit::mObject& _o, State& _state, stateOptio
 			stateOptions.m_bHasCode = true;
 		}
 
-		if (code.size())
+		if (!code.empty())
 		{
 			_state.m_cache[address] = Account(balance, Account::ContractConception);
-			_state.m_cache[address].setCode(code);
+			_state.m_cache[address].setCode(std::move(code));
 		}
 		else
 			_state.m_cache[address] = Account(balance, Account::NormalCreation);
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ void ImportTest::importState(json_spirit::mObject& _o, State& _state)
 }
 
 void ImportTest::importTransaction(json_spirit::mObject& _o)
-{	
+{
 	if (_o.count("secretKey") > 0)
 	{
 		assert(_o.count("nonce") > 0);
@@ -728,10 +728,20 @@ Options::Options()
 	for (auto i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
 	{
 		auto arg = std::string{argv[i]};
-		if (arg == "--jit")
-			eth::VMFactory::setKind(eth::VMKind::JIT);
-		else if (arg == "--vm=smart")
-			eth::VMFactory::setKind(eth::VMKind::Smart);
+		if (arg == "--vm" && i + 1 < argc)
+		{
+			string vmKind = argv[++i];
+			if (vmKind == "interpreter")
+				VMFactory::setKind(VMKind::Interpreter);
+			else if (vmKind == "jit")
+				VMFactory::setKind(VMKind::JIT);
+			else if (vmKind == "smart")
+				VMFactory::setKind(VMKind::Smart);
+			else
+				cerr << "Unknown VM kind: " << vmKind << endl;
+		}
+		else if (arg == "--jit") // TODO: Remove deprecated option "--jit"
+			VMFactory::setKind(VMKind::JIT);
 		else if (arg == "--vmtrace")
 			vmtrace = true;
 		else if (arg == "--filltests")
diff --git a/TestHelper.h b/TestHelper.h
index 1c1dfb5f0..4ac59e917 100644
--- a/TestHelper.h
+++ b/TestHelper.h
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ void doTransactionTests(json_spirit::mValue& _v, bool _fillin);
 void doStateTests(json_spirit::mValue& v, bool _fillin);
 void doVMTests(json_spirit::mValue& v, bool _fillin);
 void doBlockchainTests(json_spirit::mValue& _v, bool _fillin);
+void doRlpTests(json_spirit::mValue& v, bool _fillin);
 
 template<typename mapType>
 void checkAddresses(mapType& _expectedAddrs, mapType& _resultAddrs)
diff --git a/libsolidity/SolidityEndToEndTest.cpp b/libsolidity/SolidityEndToEndTest.cpp
index a2dbc35e6..ad2175461 100644
--- a/libsolidity/SolidityEndToEndTest.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/SolidityEndToEndTest.cpp
@@ -564,20 +564,6 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(strings)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("pipeThrough(bytes2,bool)", string("\0\x02", 2), true) == encodeArgs(string("\0\x2", 2), true));
 }
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(empty_string_on_stack)
-{
-	char const* sourceCode = R"(
-		contract test {
-			function run() external returns(bytes2 ret) {
-				var y = "";
-				ret = y;
-			}
-		}
-	)";
-	compileAndRun(sourceCode);
-	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("run()") == encodeArgs(byte(0x00)));
-}
-
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(inc_dec_operators)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"(
@@ -4806,6 +4792,232 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(memory_arrays_dynamic_index_access_write)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(0x20), u256(4), data));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(memory_structs_read_write)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Test {
+			struct S { uint8 x; uint16 y; uint z; uint8[2] a; }
+			S[5] data;
+			function testInit() returns (uint8 x, uint16 y, uint z, uint8 a, bool flag) {
+				S[2] memory d;
+				x = d[0].x;
+				y = d[0].y;
+				z = d[0].z;
+				a = d[0].a[1];
+				flag = true;
+			}
+			function testCopyRead() returns (uint8 x, uint16 y, uint z, uint8 a) {
+				data[2].x = 1;
+				data[2].y = 2;
+				data[2].z = 3;
+				data[2].a[1] = 4;
+				S memory s = data[2];
+				x = s.x;
+				y = s.y;
+				z = s.z;
+				a = s.a[1];
+			}
+			function testAssign() returns (uint8 x, uint16 y, uint z, uint8 a) {
+				S memory s;
+				s.x = 1;
+				s.y = 2;
+				s.z = 3;
+				s.a[1] = 4;
+				x = s.x;
+				y = s.y;
+				z = s.z;
+				a = s.a[1];
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Test");
+
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("testInit()") == encodeArgs(u256(0), u256(0), u256(0), u256(0), true));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("testCopyRead()") == encodeArgs(u256(1), u256(2), u256(3), u256(4)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("testAssign()") == encodeArgs(u256(1), u256(2), u256(3), u256(4)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(memory_structs_as_function_args)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Test {
+			struct S { uint8 x; uint16 y; uint z; }
+			function test() returns (uint x, uint y, uint z) {
+				S memory data = combine(1, 2, 3);
+				x = extract(data, 0);
+				y = extract(data, 1);
+				z = extract(data, 2);
+			}
+			function extract(S s, uint which) internal returns (uint x) {
+				if (which == 0) return s.x;
+				else if (which == 1) return s.y;
+				else return s.z;
+			}
+			function combine(uint8 x, uint16 y, uint z) internal returns (S s) {
+				s.x = x;
+				s.y = y;
+				s.z = z;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Test");
+
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs(u256(1), u256(2), u256(3)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(memory_structs_nested)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Test {
+			struct S { uint8 x; uint16 y; uint z; }
+			struct X { uint8 x; S s; }
+			function test() returns (uint a, uint x, uint y, uint z) {
+				X memory d = combine(1, 2, 3, 4);
+				a = extract(d, 0);
+				x = extract(d, 1);
+				y = extract(d, 2);
+				z = extract(d, 3);
+			}
+			function extract(X s, uint which) internal returns (uint x) {
+				if (which == 0) return s.x;
+				else if (which == 1) return s.s.x;
+				else if (which == 2) return s.s.y;
+				else return s.s.z;
+			}
+			function combine(uint8 a, uint8 x, uint16 y, uint z) internal returns (X s) {
+				s.x = a;
+				s.s.x = x;
+				s.s.y = y;
+				s.s.z = z;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Test");
+
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs(u256(1), u256(2), u256(3), u256(4)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(memory_structs_nested_load)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Test {
+			struct S { uint8 x; uint16 y; uint z; }
+			struct X { uint8 x; S s; uint8[2] a; }
+			X m_x;
+			function load() returns (uint a, uint x, uint y, uint z, uint a1, uint a2) {
+				m_x.x = 1;
+				m_x.s.x = 2;
+				m_x.s.y = 3;
+				m_x.s.z = 4;
+				m_x.a[0] = 5;
+				m_x.a[1] = 6;
+				X memory d = m_x;
+				a = d.x;
+				x = d.s.x;
+				y = d.s.y;
+				z = d.s.z;
+				a1 = d.a[0];
+				a2 = d.a[1];
+			}
+			function store() returns (uint a, uint x, uint y, uint z, uint a1, uint a2) {
+				X memory d;
+				d.x = 1;
+				d.s.x = 2;
+				d.s.y = 3;
+				d.s.z = 4;
+				d.a[0] = 5;
+				d.a[1] = 6;
+				m_x = d;
+				a = m_x.x;
+				x = m_x.s.x;
+				y = m_x.s.y;
+				z = m_x.s.z;
+				a1 = m_x.a[0];
+				a2 = m_x.a[1];
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Test");
+
+	auto out = encodeArgs(u256(1), u256(2), u256(3), u256(4), u256(5), u256(6));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("load()") == out);
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("store()") == out);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(struct_constructor_nested)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			struct X { uint x1; uint x2; }
+			struct S { uint s1; uint[3] s2; X s3; }
+			S s;
+			function C() {
+				uint[3] memory s2;
+				s2[1] = 9;
+				s = S(1, s2, X(4, 5));
+			}
+			function get() returns (uint s1, uint[3] s2, uint x1, uint x2)
+			{
+				s1 = s.s1;
+				s2 = s.s2;
+				x1 = s.s3.x1;
+				x2 = s.s3.x2;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+
+	auto out = encodeArgs(u256(1), u256(0), u256(9), u256(0), u256(4), u256(5));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("get()") == out);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(struct_named_constructor)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			struct S { uint a; bool x; }
+			S public s;
+			function C() {
+				s = S({a: 1, x: true});
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("s()") == encodeArgs(u256(1), true));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(literal_strings)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Test {
+			string public long;
+			string public medium;
+			string public short;
+			string public empty;
+			function f() returns (string) {
+				long = "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+				medium = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789";
+				short = "123";
+				empty = "";
+				return "Hello, World!";
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Test");
+	string longStr = "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678900123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789001234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+	string medium = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789";
+	string shortStr = "123";
+	string hello = "Hello, World!";
+
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeDyn(hello));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("long()") == encodeDyn(longStr));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("medium()") == encodeDyn(medium));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("short()") == encodeDyn(shortStr));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("empty()") == encodeDyn(string()));
+}
+
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
 
 }
diff --git a/libsolidity/SolidityNameAndTypeResolution.cpp b/libsolidity/SolidityNameAndTypeResolution.cpp
index 4914ef975..1e40ee4f6 100644
--- a/libsolidity/SolidityNameAndTypeResolution.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/SolidityNameAndTypeResolution.cpp
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(large_string_literal)
 	char const* text = "contract test {\n"
 					   "  function f() { var x = \"123456789012345678901234567890123\"; }"
 					   "}\n";
-	BOOST_CHECK_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(text), TypeError);
+	BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(text));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(balance)
@@ -2056,6 +2056,60 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(memory_arrays_not_resizeable)
 	BOOST_CHECK_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(sourceCode), TypeError);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(struct_constructor)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			struct S { uint a; bool x; }
+			function f() {
+				S memory s = S(1, true);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(sourceCode));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(struct_constructor_nested)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			struct X { uint x1; uint x2; }
+			struct S { uint s1; uint[3] s2; X s3; }
+			function f() {
+				uint[3] memory s2;
+				S memory s = S(1, s2, X(4, 5));
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(sourceCode));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(struct_named_constructor)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			struct S { uint a; bool x; }
+			function f() {
+				S memory s = S({a: 1, x: true});
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(sourceCode));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(literal_strings)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract Foo {
+			function f() {
+				string memory long = "01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890";
+				string memory short = "123";
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK_NO_THROW(parseTextAndResolveNames(text));
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
 
 }
diff --git a/libsolidity/SolidityWallet.cpp b/libsolidity/SolidityWallet.cpp
index ba8f198f8..1c296b9f7 100644
--- a/libsolidity/SolidityWallet.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/SolidityWallet.cpp
@@ -47,12 +47,18 @@ static char const* walletCode = R"DELIMITER(
 // some number (specified in constructor) of the set of owners (specified in the constructor, modifiable) before the
 // interior is executed.
 contract multiowned {
+
+	// TYPES
+
 	// struct for the status of a pending operation.
 	struct PendingState {
 		uint yetNeeded;
 		uint ownersDone;
 		uint index;
 	}
+
+	// EVENTS
+
 	// this contract only has five types of events: it can accept a confirmation, in which case
 	// we record owner and operation (hash) alongside it.
 	event Confirmation(address owner, bytes32 operation);
@@ -63,14 +69,9 @@ contract multiowned {
 	event OwnerRemoved(address oldOwner);
 	// the last one is emitted if the required signatures change
 	event RequirementChanged(uint newRequirement);
-	// constructor is given number of sigs required to do protected "onlymanyowners" transactions
-	// as well as the selection of addresses capable of confirming them.
-	function multiowned() {
-		m_required = 1;
-		m_numOwners = 1;
-		m_owners[m_numOwners] = uint(msg.sender);
-		m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)] = m_numOwners;
-	}
+
+	// MODIFIERS
+
 	// simple single-sig function modifier.
 	modifier onlyowner {
 		if (isOwner(msg.sender))
@@ -80,9 +81,21 @@ contract multiowned {
 	// that later attempts can be realised as the same underlying operation and
 	// thus count as confirmations.
 	modifier onlymanyowners(bytes32 _operation) {
-		if (confirmed(_operation))
+		if (confirmAndCheck(_operation))
 			_
 	}
+
+	// METHODS
+
+	// constructor is given number of sigs required to do protected "onlymanyowners" transactions
+	// as well as the selection of addresses capable of confirming them.
+	function multiowned() {
+		m_required = 1;
+		m_numOwners = 1;
+		m_owners[m_numOwners] = uint(msg.sender);
+		m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)] = m_numOwners;
+	}
+
 	// Revokes a prior confirmation of the given operation
 	function revoke(bytes32 _operation) external {
 		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)];
@@ -96,7 +109,75 @@ contract multiowned {
 			Revoke(msg.sender, _operation);
 		}
 	}
-	function confirmed(bytes32 _operation) internal returns (bool) {
+
+	// Replaces an owner `_from` with another `_to`.
+	function changeOwner(address _from, address _to) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
+		if (isOwner(_to)) return;
+		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_from)];
+		if (ownerIndex == 0) return;
+
+		clearPending();
+		m_owners[ownerIndex] = uint(_to);
+		m_ownerIndex[uint(_from)] = 0;
+		m_ownerIndex[uint(_to)] = ownerIndex;
+		OwnerChanged(_from, _to);
+	}
+	function addOwner(address _owner) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
+		if (isOwner(_owner)) return;
+
+		clearPending();
+		if (m_numOwners >= c_maxOwners)
+			reorganizeOwners();
+		if (m_numOwners >= c_maxOwners)
+			return;
+		m_numOwners++;
+		m_owners[m_numOwners] = uint(_owner);
+		m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)] = m_numOwners;
+		OwnerAdded(_owner);
+	}
+
+	function removeOwner(address _owner) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
+		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)];
+		if (ownerIndex == 0) return;
+		if (m_required > m_numOwners - 1) return;
+
+		m_owners[ownerIndex] = 0;
+		m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)] = 0;
+		clearPending();
+		reorganizeOwners(); //make sure m_numOwner is equal to the number of owners and always points to the optimal free slot
+		OwnerRemoved(_owner);
+	}
+
+	function changeRequirement(uint _newRequired) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
+		if (_newRequired > m_numOwners) return;
+		m_required = _newRequired;
+		clearPending();
+		RequirementChanged(_newRequired);
+	}
+
+	function isOwner(address _addr) returns (bool) {
+		return m_ownerIndex[uint(_addr)] > 0;
+	}
+
+	function hasConfirmed(bytes32 _operation, address _owner) constant returns (bool) {
+		var pending = m_pending[_operation];
+		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)];
+
+		// make sure they're an owner
+		if (ownerIndex == 0) return false;
+
+		// determine the bit to set for this owner.
+		uint ownerIndexBit = 2**ownerIndex;
+		if (pending.ownersDone & ownerIndexBit == 0) {
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// INTERNAL METHODS
+
+	function confirmAndCheck(bytes32 _operation) internal returns (bool) {
 		// determine what index the present sender is:
 		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(msg.sender)];
 		// make sure they're an owner
@@ -132,42 +213,7 @@ contract multiowned {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	// Replaces an owner `_from` with another `_to`.
-	function changeOwner(address _from, address _to) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
-		if (isOwner(_to)) return;
-		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_from)];
-		if (ownerIndex == 0) return;
 
-		clearPending();
-		m_owners[ownerIndex] = uint(_to);
-		m_ownerIndex[uint(_from)] = 0;
-		m_ownerIndex[uint(_to)] = ownerIndex;
-		OwnerChanged(_from, _to);
-	}
-	function addOwner(address _owner) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
-		if (isOwner(_owner)) return;
-
-		clearPending();
-		if (m_numOwners >= c_maxOwners)
-			reorganizeOwners();
-		if (m_numOwners >= c_maxOwners)
-			return;
-		m_numOwners++;
-		m_owners[m_numOwners] = uint(_owner);
-		m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)] = m_numOwners;
-		OwnerAdded(_owner);
-	}
-	function removeOwner(address _owner) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
-		uint ownerIndex = m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)];
-		if (ownerIndex == 0) return;
-		if (m_required > m_numOwners - 1) return;
-
-		m_owners[ownerIndex] = 0;
-		m_ownerIndex[uint(_owner)] = 0;
-		clearPending();
-		reorganizeOwners(); //make sure m_numOwner is equal to the number of owners and always points to the optimal free slot
-		OwnerRemoved(_owner);
-	}
 	function reorganizeOwners() private returns (bool) {
 		uint free = 1;
 		while (free < m_numOwners)
@@ -182,6 +228,7 @@ contract multiowned {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	function clearPending() internal {
 		uint length = m_pendingIndex.length;
 		for (uint i = 0; i < length; ++i)
@@ -189,46 +236,54 @@ contract multiowned {
 				delete m_pending[m_pendingIndex[i]];
 		delete m_pendingIndex;
 	}
-	function changeRequirement(uint _newRequired) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
-		if (_newRequired > m_numOwners) return;
-		m_required = _newRequired;
-		clearPending();
-		RequirementChanged(_newRequired);
-	}
-	function isOwner(address _addr) returns (bool) {
-		return m_ownerIndex[uint(_addr)] > 0;
-	}
+
+	// FIELDS
 
 	// the number of owners that must confirm the same operation before it is run.
 	uint public m_required;
 	// pointer used to find a free slot in m_owners
 	uint public m_numOwners;
+
 	// list of owners
-	uint[256] public m_owners;
+	uint[256] m_owners;
 	uint constant c_maxOwners = 250;
 	// index on the list of owners to allow reverse lookup
-	mapping(uint => uint) public m_ownerIndex;
+	mapping(uint => uint) m_ownerIndex;
 	// the ongoing operations.
-	mapping(bytes32 => PendingState) public m_pending;
-	bytes32[] public m_pendingIndex;
+	mapping(bytes32 => PendingState) m_pending;
+	bytes32[] m_pendingIndex;
 }
 
 // inheritable "property" contract that enables methods to be protected by placing a linear limit (specifiable)
 // on a particular resource per calendar day. is multiowned to allow the limit to be altered. resource that method
 // uses is specified in the modifier.
 contract daylimit is multiowned {
+
+	// MODIFIERS
+
+	// simple modifier for daily limit.
+	modifier limitedDaily(uint _value) {
+		if (underLimit(_value))
+			_
+	}
+
+	// METHODS
+
 	// constructor - just records the present day's index.
 	function daylimit() {
 		m_lastDay = today();
 	}
 	// (re)sets the daily limit. needs many of the owners to confirm. doesn't alter the amount already spent today.
-	function setDailyLimit(uint _newLimit) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
+	function setDailyLimit(uint _newLimit) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
 		m_dailyLimit = _newLimit;
 	}
 	// (re)sets the daily limit. needs many of the owners to confirm. doesn't alter the amount already spent today.
-	function resetSpentToday() onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
+	function resetSpentToday() onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
 		m_spentToday = 0;
 	}
+
+	// INTERNAL METHODS
+
 	// checks to see if there is at least `_value` left from the daily limit today. if there is, subtracts it and
 	// returns true. otherwise just returns false.
 	function underLimit(uint _value) internal onlyowner returns (bool) {
@@ -244,60 +299,76 @@ contract daylimit is multiowned {
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	// simple modifier for daily limit.
-	modifier limitedDaily(uint _value) {
-		if (underLimit(_value))
-			_
-	}
 	// determines today's index.
 	function today() private constant returns (uint) { return now / 1 days; }
-	uint public m_spentToday;
+
+	// FIELDS
+
 	uint public m_dailyLimit;
-	uint public m_lastDay;
+	uint m_spentToday;
+	uint m_lastDay;
 }
+
 // interface contract for multisig proxy contracts; see below for docs.
 contract multisig {
-	event Deposit(address from, uint value);
-	event SingleTransact(address owner, uint value, address to, bytes data);
-	event MultiTransact(address owner, bytes32 operation, uint value, address to, bytes data);
-	event ConfirmationNeeded(bytes32 operation, address initiator, uint value, address to, bytes data);
-	function changeOwner(address _from, address _to) external;
-	function execute(address _to, uint _value, bytes _data) external returns (bytes32);
-	function confirm(bytes32 _h) returns (bool);
-}
-// usage:
-// bytes32 h = Wallet(w).from(oneOwner).transact(to, value, data);
-// Wallet(w).from(anotherOwner).confirm(h);
-contract Wallet is multisig, multiowned, daylimit {
-	// Transaction structure to remember details of transaction lest it need be saved for a later call.
-	struct Transaction {
-		address to;
-		uint value;
-		bytes data;
-	}
-	/*
+
+	// EVENTS
+
 	// logged events:
 	// Funds has arrived into the wallet (record how much).
 	event Deposit(address from, uint value);
 	// Single transaction going out of the wallet (record who signed for it, how much, and to whom it's going).
 	event SingleTransact(address owner, uint value, address to, bytes data);
 	// Multi-sig transaction going out of the wallet (record who signed for it last, the operation hash, how much, and to whom it's going).
-	event MultiTransact(address owner, bytes32 operation, uint value, address to, bytes data);*/
-	// constructor - just pass on the owner arra to the multiowned.
-	event Created();
-	function Wallet() {
-		Created();
+	event MultiTransact(address owner, bytes32 operation, uint value, address to, bytes data);
+	// Confirmation still needed for a transaction.
+	event ConfirmationNeeded(bytes32 operation, address initiator, uint value, address to, bytes data);
+
+	// FUNCTIONS
+
+	// TODO: document
+	function changeOwner(address _from, address _to) external;
+	function execute(address _to, uint _value, bytes _data) external returns (bytes32);
+	function confirm(bytes32 _h) returns (bool);
+}
+
+// usage:
+// bytes32 h = Wallet(w).from(oneOwner).transact(to, value, data);
+// Wallet(w).from(anotherOwner).confirm(h);
+contract Wallet is multisig, multiowned, daylimit {
+
+	// TYPES
+
+	// Transaction structure to remember details of transaction lest it need be saved for a later call.
+	struct Transaction {
+		address to;
+		uint value;
+		bytes data;
 	}
+
+	// EVENTS
+
+	event Created(bytes32 indexed identifier);
+
+	// METHODS
+
+	// constructor - just pass on the owner arra to the multiowned.
+	function Wallet(bytes32 identifier) {
+		Created(identifier);
+	}
+
 	// kills the contract sending everything to `_to`.
-	function kill(address _to) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data)) external {
+	function kill(address _to) onlymanyowners(sha3(msg.data, block.number)) external {
 		suicide(_to);
 	}
+
 	// gets called when no other function matches
 	function() {
 		// just being sent some cash?
 		if (msg.value > 0)
 			Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
 	}
+
 	// Outside-visible transact entry point. Executes transacion immediately if below daily spend limit.
 	// If not, goes into multisig process. We provide a hash on return to allow the sender to provide
 	// shortcuts for the other confirmations (allowing them to avoid replicating the _to, _value
@@ -311,7 +382,7 @@ contract Wallet is multisig, multiowned, daylimit {
 			return 0;
 		}
 		// determine our operation hash.
-		_r = sha3(msg.data);
+		_r = sha3(msg.data, block.number);
 		if (!confirm(_r) && m_txs[_r].to == 0) {
 			m_txs[_r].to = _to;
 			m_txs[_r].value = _value;
@@ -319,6 +390,7 @@ contract Wallet is multisig, multiowned, daylimit {
 			ConfirmationNeeded(_r, msg.sender, _value, _to, _data);
 		}
 	}
+
 	// confirm a transaction through just the hash. we use the previous transactions map, m_txs, in order
 	// to determine the body of the transaction from the hash provided.
 	function confirm(bytes32 _h) onlymanyowners(_h) returns (bool) {
@@ -329,20 +401,20 @@ contract Wallet is multisig, multiowned, daylimit {
 			return true;
 		}
 	}
+
+	// INTERNAL METHODS
+
 	function clearPending() internal {
 		uint length = m_pendingIndex.length;
 		for (uint i = 0; i < length; ++i)
 			delete m_txs[m_pendingIndex[i]];
 		super.clearPending();
 	}
-	// // internally confirm transaction with all of the info. returns true iff confirmed good and executed.
-	// function confirmVerbose(bytes32 _h, address _to, uint _value, bytes _data) private onlymanyowners(_h) returns (bool) {
-	//     _to.call.value(_value)(_data);
-	//     MultiTransact("out", msg.sender, _h, _value, _to);
-	//     return true;
-	// }
+
+	// FIELDS
+
 	// pending transactions we have at present.
-	mapping (bytes32 => Transaction) public m_txs;
+	mapping (bytes32 => Transaction) m_txs;
 }
 )DELIMITER";
 
@@ -443,7 +515,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(multisig_value_transfer)
 	// 4 owners, set required to 3
 	BOOST_REQUIRE(callContractFunction("changeRequirement(uint256)", u256(3)) == encodeArgs());
 	// check that balance is and stays zero at destination address
-	h256 opHash("f916231db11c12e0142dc51f23632bc655de87c63f83fc928c443e90f7aa364a");
+	h256 opHash("8f27f478ebcfaf28b0c354f4809ace8087000d668b89c8bc3b1b608bfdbe6654");
 	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(m_state.balance(Address(0x05)), 0);
 	m_sender = Address(0x12);
 	BOOST_REQUIRE(callContractFunction("execute(address,uint256,bytes)", h256(0x05), 100, 0x60, 0x00) == encodeArgs(opHash));
diff --git a/libsolidity/solidityExecutionFramework.h b/libsolidity/solidityExecutionFramework.h
index 200940a43..03a201c72 100644
--- a/libsolidity/solidityExecutionFramework.h
+++ b/libsolidity/solidityExecutionFramework.h
@@ -145,6 +145,12 @@ public:
 	{
 		return bytes();
 	}
+	//@todo might be extended in the future
+	template <class Arg>
+	static bytes encodeDyn(Arg const& _arg)
+	{
+		return encodeArgs(u256(0x20), u256(_arg.size()), _arg);
+	}
 
 private:
 	template <class CppFunction, class... Args>