Merge pull request #1019 from chriseth/sol_bytes

Basic implementation of byte arrays.

AST.cpp

@@ -403,7 +403,8 @@ void Assignment::checkTypeRequirements()
 	m_leftHandSide->checkTypeRequirements();
 	m_leftHandSide->requireLValue();
 	//@todo later, assignments to structs might be possible, but not to mappings
-	if (!m_leftHandSide->getType()->isValueType() && !m_leftHandSide->isLocalLValue())
+	if (m_leftHandSide->getType()->getCategory() != Type::Category::ByteArray &&
+			!m_leftHandSide->getType()->isValueType() && !m_leftHandSide->isLocalLValue())
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(createTypeError("Assignment to non-local non-value lvalue."));
 	m_type = m_leftHandSide->getType();
 	if (m_assigmentOperator == Token::Assign)

Compiler.cpp

@@ -207,15 +207,10 @@ void Compiler::appendReturnValuePacker(TypePointers const& _typeParameters)
 
 	for (TypePointer const& type: _typeParameters)
 	{
-		unsigned numBytes = type->getCalldataEncodedSize();
-		if (numBytes > 32)
-			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError()
-								  << errinfo_comment("Type " + type->toString() + " not yet supported."));
 		CompilerUtils(m_context).copyToStackTop(stackDepth, *type);
 		ExpressionCompiler::appendTypeConversion(m_context, *type, *type, true);
-		bool const c_leftAligned = type->getCategory() == Type::Category::String;
 		bool const c_padToWords = true;
-		dataOffset += CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(dataOffset, numBytes, c_leftAligned, c_padToWords);
+		dataOffset += CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(dataOffset, *type, c_padToWords);
 		stackDepth -= type->getSizeOnStack();
 	}
 	// note that the stack is not cleaned up here

CompilerUtils.cpp

@@ -62,20 +62,59 @@ unsigned CompilerUtils::loadFromMemory(unsigned _offset, unsigned _bytes, bool _
 	}
 }
 
-unsigned CompilerUtils::storeInMemory(unsigned _offset, unsigned _bytes, bool _leftAligned,
+unsigned CompilerUtils::storeInMemory(unsigned _offset, Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries)
-									  bool _padToWordBoundaries)
 {
-	if (_bytes == 0)
+	solAssert(_type.getCategory() != Type::Category::ByteArray, "Unable to statically store dynamic type.");
+	unsigned numBytes = prepareMemoryStore(_type, _padToWordBoundaries);
+	if (numBytes > 0)
+		m_context << u256(_offset) << eth::Instruction::MSTORE;
+	return numBytes;
+}
+
+void CompilerUtils::storeInMemoryDynamic(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries)
+{
+	if (_type.getCategory() == Type::Category::ByteArray)
 	{
-		m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+		auto const& type = dynamic_cast<ByteArrayType const&>(_type);
-		return 0;
+		solAssert(type.getLocation() == ByteArrayType::Location::Storage, "Non-storage byte arrays not yet implemented.");
+
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::SLOAD;
+		// stack here: memory_offset storage_offset length_bytes
+		// jump to end if length is zero
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::ISZERO;
+		eth::AssemblyItem loopEnd = m_context.newTag();
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(loopEnd);
+		// compute memory end offset
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP3 << eth::Instruction::ADD << eth::Instruction::SWAP2;
+		// actual array data is stored at SHA3(storage_offset)
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+		CompilerUtils(m_context).computeHashStatic();
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+
+		// stack here: memory_end_offset storage_data_offset memory_offset
+		eth::AssemblyItem loopStart = m_context.newTag();
+		m_context << loopStart
+				  // load and store
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::SLOAD
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::MSTORE
+				  // increment storage_data_offset by 1
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << u256(1) << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  // increment memory offset by 32
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << u256(32) << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  // check for loop condition
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP4 << eth::Instruction::GT;
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(loopStart);
+		m_context << loopEnd << eth::Instruction::POP << eth::Instruction::POP;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		unsigned numBytes = prepareMemoryStore(_type, _padToWordBoundaries);
+		if (numBytes > 0)
+		{
+			m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::MSTORE;
+			m_context << u256(numBytes) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
+		}
 	}
-	solAssert(_bytes <= 32, "Memory store of more than 32 bytes requested.");
-	if (_bytes != 32 && !_leftAligned && !_padToWordBoundaries)
-		// shift the value accordingly before storing
-		m_context << (u256(1) << ((32 - _bytes) * 8)) << eth::Instruction::MUL;
-	m_context << u256(_offset) << eth::Instruction::MSTORE;
-	return _padToWordBoundaries ? 32 : _bytes;
 }
 
 void CompilerUtils::moveToStackVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _variable)
@@ -114,5 +153,194 @@ unsigned CompilerUtils::getSizeOnStack(vector<shared_ptr<Type const>> const& _va
 	return size;
 }
 
+void CompilerUtils::computeHashStatic(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries)
+{
+	unsigned length = storeInMemory(0, _type, _padToWordBoundaries);
+	m_context << u256(length) << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SHA3;
+}
+
+void CompilerUtils::copyByteArrayToStorage(ByteArrayType const& _targetType,
+										   ByteArrayType const& _sourceType) const
+{
+	// stack layout: [source_ref] target_ref (top)
+	// need to leave target_ref on the stack at the end
+	solAssert(_targetType.getLocation() == ByteArrayType::Location::Storage, "");
+
+	switch (_sourceType.getLocation())
+	{
+	case ByteArrayType::Location::CallData:
+	{
+		// @todo this does not take length into account. It also assumes that after "CALLDATALENGTH" we only have zeros.
+		// fetch old length and convert to words
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::SLOAD;
+		m_context << u256(31) << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  << u256(32) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DIV;
+		// stack here: target_ref target_length_words
+		// actual array data is stored at SHA3(storage_offset)
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP2;
+		CompilerUtils(m_context).computeHashStatic();
+		// compute target_data_end
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::SWAP2 << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+		// stack here: target_ref target_data_end target_data_ref
+		// store length (in bytes)
+		if (_sourceType.getOffset() == 0)
+			m_context << eth::Instruction::CALLDATASIZE;
+		else
+			m_context << _sourceType.getOffset() << eth::Instruction::CALLDATASIZE << eth::Instruction::SUB;
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP5 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+		// jump to end if length is zero
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::ISZERO;
+		eth::AssemblyItem copyLoopEnd = m_context.newTag();
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(copyLoopEnd);
+
+		m_context << _sourceType.getOffset();
+		// stack now: target_ref target_data_end target_data_ref calldata_offset
+		eth::AssemblyItem copyLoopStart = m_context.newTag();
+		m_context << copyLoopStart
+				  // copy from calldata and store
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::CALLDATALOAD
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP3 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE
+				  // increment target_data_ref by 1
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << u256(1) << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  // increment calldata_offset by 32
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << u256(32) << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  // check for loop condition
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::CALLDATASIZE << eth::Instruction::GT;
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(copyLoopStart);
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+		m_context << copyLoopEnd;
+
+		// now clear leftover bytes of the old value
+		// stack now: target_ref target_data_end target_data_ref
+		clearStorageLoop();
+
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+		break;
+	}
+	case ByteArrayType::Location::Storage:
+	{
+		// this copies source to target and also clears target if it was larger
+
+		// stack: source_ref target_ref
+		// store target_ref
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP2;
+		// fetch lengthes
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::SLOAD << eth::Instruction::SWAP2
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::SLOAD;
+		// stack: target_ref target_len_bytes target_ref source_ref source_len_bytes
+		// store new target length
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP4 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+		// compute hashes (data positions)
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP2;
+		CompilerUtils(m_context).computeHashStatic();
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+		CompilerUtils(m_context).computeHashStatic();
+		// stack: target_ref target_len_bytes source_len_bytes target_data_pos source_data_pos
+		// convert lengthes from bytes to storage slots
+		m_context << u256(31) << u256(32) << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP3
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP8 << eth::Instruction::ADD << eth::Instruction::DIV
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP2
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP6 << eth::Instruction::ADD << eth::Instruction::DIV;
+		// stack: target_ref target_len_bytes source_len_bytes target_data_pos source_data_pos target_len source_len
+		// @todo we might be able to go without a third counter
+		m_context << u256(0);
+		// stack: target_ref target_len_bytes source_len_bytes target_data_pos source_data_pos target_len source_len counter
+		eth::AssemblyItem copyLoopStart = m_context.newTag();
+		m_context << copyLoopStart;
+		// check for loop condition
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP3
+				   << eth::Instruction::GT << eth::Instruction::ISZERO;
+		eth::AssemblyItem copyLoopEnd = m_context.newTag();
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(copyLoopEnd);
+		// copy
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP4 << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  << eth::Instruction::SLOAD
+				  << eth::Instruction::DUP6 << eth::Instruction::DUP3 << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+		// increment
+		m_context << u256(1) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
+		m_context.appendJumpTo(copyLoopStart);
+		m_context << copyLoopEnd;
+
+		// zero-out leftovers in target
+		// stack: target_ref target_len_bytes source_len_bytes target_data_pos source_data_pos target_len source_len counter
+		// add counter to target_data_pos
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP5 << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP5 << eth::Instruction::POP;
+		// stack: target_ref target_len_bytes target_data_pos_updated target_data_pos source_data_pos target_len source_len
+		// add length to target_data_pos to get target_data_end
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::POP << eth::Instruction::DUP3 << eth::Instruction::ADD
+				  << eth::Instruction::SWAP4
+				  << eth::Instruction::POP  << eth::Instruction::POP << eth::Instruction::POP;
+		// stack: target_ref target_data_end target_data_pos_updated
+		clearStorageLoop();
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		solAssert(false, "Given byte array location not implemented.");
+	}
+}
+
+void CompilerUtils::clearByteArray(ByteArrayType const& _type) const
+{
+	solAssert(_type.getLocation() == ByteArrayType::Location::Storage, "");
+
+	// fetch length
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::SLOAD;
+	// set length to zero
+	m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::DUP3 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+	// convert length from bytes to storage slots
+	m_context << u256(31) << eth::Instruction::ADD
+			  << u256(32) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DIV;
+	// compute data positions
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+	CompilerUtils(m_context).computeHashStatic();
+	// stack: len data_pos
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::ADD
+			  << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+	clearStorageLoop();
+	// cleanup
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+}
+
+unsigned CompilerUtils::prepareMemoryStore(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries) const
+{
+	unsigned _encodedSize = _type.getCalldataEncodedSize();
+	unsigned numBytes = _padToWordBoundaries ? getPaddedSize(_encodedSize) : _encodedSize;
+	bool leftAligned = _type.getCategory() == Type::Category::String;
+	if (numBytes == 0)
+		m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+	else
+	{
+		solAssert(numBytes <= 32, "Memory store of more than 32 bytes requested.");
+		if (numBytes != 32 && !leftAligned && !_padToWordBoundaries)
+			// shift the value accordingly before storing
+			m_context << (u256(1) << ((32 - numBytes) * 8)) << eth::Instruction::MUL;
+	}
+	return numBytes;
+}
+
+void CompilerUtils::clearStorageLoop() const
+{
+	// stack: end_pos pos
+	eth::AssemblyItem loopStart = m_context.newTag();
+	m_context << loopStart;
+	// check for loop condition
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::DUP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP3
+			   << eth::Instruction::GT << eth::Instruction::ISZERO;
+	eth::AssemblyItem zeroLoopEnd = m_context.newTag();
+	m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(zeroLoopEnd);
+	// zero out
+	m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+	// increment
+	m_context << u256(1) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
+	m_context.appendJumpTo(loopStart);
+	// cleanup
+	m_context << zeroLoopEnd;
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+}
+
 }
 }

CompilerUtils.h

@@ -47,13 +47,16 @@ public:
 							bool _fromCalldata = false, bool _padToWordBoundaries = false);
 	/// Stores data from stack in memory.
 	/// @param _offset offset in memory
-	/// @param _bytes number of bytes to store
+	/// @param _type type of the data on the stack
-	/// @param _leftAligned if true, data is left aligned on stack (otherwise right aligned)
 	/// @param _padToWordBoundaries if true, pad the data to word (32 byte) boundaries
 	/// @returns the number of bytes written to memory (can be different from _bytes if
 	///          _padToWordBoundaries is true)
-	unsigned storeInMemory(unsigned _offset, unsigned _bytes = 32, bool _leftAligned = false,
+	unsigned storeInMemory(unsigned _offset, Type const& _type = IntegerType(256), bool _padToWordBoundaries = false);
-						   bool _padToWordBoundaries = false);
+	/// Dynamic version of @see storeInMemory, expects the memory offset below the value on the stack
+	/// and also updates that.
+	/// Stack pre: memory_offset value...
+	/// Stack post: (memory_offset+length)
+	void storeInMemoryDynamic(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries = true);
 	/// @returns _size rounded up to the next multiple of 32 (the number of bytes occupied in the
 	///          padded calldata)
 	static unsigned getPaddedSize(unsigned _size) { return ((_size + 31) / 32) * 32; }
@@ -69,10 +72,32 @@ public:
 	static unsigned getSizeOnStack(std::vector<T> const& _variables);
 	static unsigned getSizeOnStack(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Type const>> const& _variableTypes);
 
+	/// Appends code that computes tha SHA3 hash of the topmost stack element of type @a _type.
+	/// If @a _pad is set, padds the type to muliples of 32 bytes.
+	/// @note Only works for types of fixed size.
+	void computeHashStatic(Type const& _type = IntegerType(256), bool _padToWordBoundaries = false);
+
+	/// Copies a byte array to a byte array in storage.
+	/// Stack pre: [source_reference] target_reference
+	/// Stack post: target_reference
+	void copyByteArrayToStorage(ByteArrayType const& _targetType, ByteArrayType const& _sourceType) const;
+	/// Clears the length and data elements of the byte array referenced on the stack.
+	/// Stack pre: reference
+	/// Stack post:
+	void clearByteArray(ByteArrayType const& _type) const;
+
 	/// Bytes we need to the start of call data.
 	///  - The size in bytes of the function (hash) identifier.
 	static const unsigned int dataStartOffset;
+
 private:
+	/// Prepares the given type for storing in memory by shifting it if necessary.
+	unsigned prepareMemoryStore(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries) const;
+	/// Appends a loop that clears a sequence of storage slots (excluding end).
+	/// Stack pre: end_ref start_ref
+	/// Stack post: end_ref
+	void clearStorageLoop() const;
+
 	CompilerContext& m_context;
 };
 

ExpressionCompiler.cpp

@@ -59,13 +59,15 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendStateVariableAccessor(CompilerContext& _context,
 bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(Assignment const& _assignment)
 {
 	_assignment.getRightHandSide().accept(*this);
-	appendTypeConversion(*_assignment.getRightHandSide().getType(), *_assignment.getType());
+	if (_assignment.getType()->isValueType())
+		appendTypeConversion(*_assignment.getRightHandSide().getType(), *_assignment.getType());
 	_assignment.getLeftHandSide().accept(*this);
 	solAssert(m_currentLValue.isValid(), "LValue not retrieved.");
 
 	Token::Value op = _assignment.getAssignmentOperator();
 	if (op != Token::Assign) // compound assignment
 	{
+		solAssert(_assignment.getType()->isValueType(), "Compound operators not implemented for non-value types.");
 		if (m_currentLValue.storesReferenceOnStack())
 			m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP2;
 		m_currentLValue.retrieveValue(_assignment.getType(), _assignment.getLocation(), true);
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(Assignment const& _assignment)
 		if (m_currentLValue.storesReferenceOnStack())
 			m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
 	}
-	m_currentLValue.storeValue(_assignment);
+	m_currentLValue.storeValue(_assignment, *_assignment.getRightHandSide().getType());
 	m_currentLValue.reset();
 
 	return false;
@@ -103,7 +105,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(UnaryOperation const& _unaryOperation)
 		break;
 	case Token::Delete: // delete
 		solAssert(m_currentLValue.isValid(), "LValue not retrieved.");
-		m_currentLValue.setToZero(_unaryOperation);
+		m_currentLValue.setToZero(_unaryOperation, *_unaryOperation.getSubExpression().getType());
 		m_currentLValue.reset();
 		break;
 	case Token::Inc: // ++ (pre- or postfix)
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(UnaryOperation const& _unaryOperation)
 		// Stack for postfix: *ref [ref] (*ref)+-1
 		if (m_currentLValue.storesReferenceOnStack())
 			m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
-		m_currentLValue.storeValue(_unaryOperation, !_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation());
+		m_currentLValue.storeValue(_unaryOperation, *_unaryOperation.getType(), !_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation());
 		m_currentLValue.reset();
 		break;
 	case Token::Add: // +
@@ -274,10 +276,10 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
 			//@todo copy to memory position 0, shift as soon as we use memory
 			m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::CODECOPY;
 
-			unsigned length = bytecode.size();
+			m_context << u256(bytecode.size());
-			length += appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(arguments, function.getParameterTypes(), length);
+			appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(arguments, function.getParameterTypes());
 			// size, offset, endowment
-			m_context << u256(length) << u256(0);
+			m_context << u256(0);
 			if (function.valueSet())
 				m_context << eth::dupInstruction(3);
 			else
@@ -327,8 +329,9 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
 			break;
 		case Location::SHA3:
 		{
-			unsigned length = appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(arguments, TypePointers(), 0, function.padArguments());
+			m_context << u256(0);
-			m_context << u256(length) << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SHA3;
+			appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(arguments, TypePointers(), function.padArguments());
+			m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SHA3;
 			break;
 		}
 		case Location::Log0:
@@ -343,23 +346,16 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
 				arguments[arg]->accept(*this);
 				appendTypeConversion(*arguments[arg]->getType(), *function.getParameterTypes()[arg], true);
 			}
-			unsigned length = appendExpressionCopyToMemory(*function.getParameterTypes().front(),
+			m_context << u256(0);
-														   *arguments.front());
+			appendExpressionCopyToMemory(*function.getParameterTypes().front(), *arguments.front());
-			solAssert(length == 32, "Log data should be 32 bytes long (for now).");
+			m_context << u256(0) << eth::logInstruction(logNumber);
-			m_context << u256(length) << u256(0) << eth::logInstruction(logNumber);
 			break;
 		}
 		case Location::Event:
 		{
 			_functionCall.getExpression().accept(*this);
 			auto const& event = dynamic_cast<EventDefinition const&>(function.getDeclaration());
-			// Copy all non-indexed arguments to memory (data)
 			unsigned numIndexed = 0;
-			unsigned memLength = 0;
-			for (unsigned arg = 0; arg < arguments.size(); ++arg)
-				if (!event.getParameters()[arg]->isIndexed())
-					memLength += appendExpressionCopyToMemory(*function.getParameterTypes()[arg],
-															  *arguments[arg], memLength);
 			// All indexed arguments go to the stack
 			for (unsigned arg = arguments.size(); arg > 0; --arg)
 				if (event.getParameters()[arg - 1]->isIndexed())
@@ -372,7 +368,12 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
 			m_context << u256(h256::Arith(dev::sha3(function.getCanonicalSignature(event.getName()))));
 			++numIndexed;
 			solAssert(numIndexed <= 4, "Too many indexed arguments.");
-			m_context << u256(memLength) << u256(0) << eth::logInstruction(numIndexed);
+			// Copy all non-indexed arguments to memory (data)
+			m_context << u256(0);
+			for (unsigned arg = 0; arg < arguments.size(); ++arg)
+				if (!event.getParameters()[arg]->isIndexed())
+					appendExpressionCopyToMemory(*function.getParameterTypes()[arg], *arguments[arg]);
+			m_context << u256(0) << eth::logInstruction(numIndexed);
 			break;
 		}
 		case Location::BlockHash:
@@ -472,6 +473,10 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess)
 			m_context << eth::Instruction::GAS;
 		else if (member == "gasprice")
 			m_context << eth::Instruction::GASPRICE;
+		else if (member == "data")
+		{
+			// nothing to store on the stack
+		}
 		else
 			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_comment("Unknown magic member."));
 		break;
@@ -508,12 +513,16 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(IndexAccess const& _indexAccess)
 {
 	_indexAccess.getBaseExpression().accept(*this);
 
-	TypePointer const& keyType = dynamic_cast<MappingType const&>(*_indexAccess.getBaseExpression().getType()).getKeyType();
+	Type const& baseType = *_indexAccess.getBaseExpression().getType();
-	unsigned length = appendExpressionCopyToMemory(*keyType, _indexAccess.getIndexExpression());
+	solAssert(baseType.getCategory() == Type::Category::Mapping, "");
-	solAssert(length == 32, "Mapping key has to take 32 bytes in memory (for now).");
+	Type const& keyType = *dynamic_cast<MappingType const&>(baseType).getKeyType();
-	// @todo move this once we actually use memory
+	m_context << u256(0);
-	length += CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(length);
+	appendExpressionCopyToMemory(keyType, _indexAccess.getIndexExpression());
-	m_context << u256(length) << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SHA3;
+	solAssert(baseType.getSizeOnStack() == 1,
+			  "Unexpected: Not exactly one stack slot taken by subscriptable expression.");
+	m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+	appendTypeMoveToMemory(IntegerType(256));
+	m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SHA3;
 
 	m_currentLValue = LValue(m_context, LValue::LValueType::Storage, *_indexAccess.getType());
 	m_currentLValue.retrieveValueIfLValueNotRequested(_indexAccess);
@@ -804,26 +813,30 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendExternalFunctionCall(FunctionType const& _functio
 	unsigned gasStackPos = m_context.currentToBaseStackOffset(gasValueSize);
 	unsigned valueStackPos = m_context.currentToBaseStackOffset(1);
 
-	if (!bare)
-	{
-		// copy function identifier
-		m_context << eth::dupInstruction(gasValueSize + 1);
-		CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(0, CompilerUtils::dataStartOffset);
-	}
-
-	// reserve space for the function identifier
-	unsigned dataOffset = bare ? 0 : CompilerUtils::dataStartOffset;
-	// For bare call, activate "4 byte pad exception": If the first argument has exactly 4 bytes,
-	// do not pad it to 32 bytes.
-	dataOffset += appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(_arguments, _functionType.getParameterTypes(), dataOffset,
-											  _functionType.padArguments(), bare);
-
 	//@todo only return the first return value for now
 	Type const* firstType = _functionType.getReturnParameterTypes().empty() ? nullptr :
 							_functionType.getReturnParameterTypes().front().get();
 	unsigned retSize = firstType ? CompilerUtils::getPaddedSize(firstType->getCalldataEncodedSize()) : 0;
-	// CALL arguments: outSize, outOff, inSize, inOff, value, addr, gas (stack top)
+	m_context << u256(retSize) << u256(0);
-	m_context << u256(retSize) << u256(0) << u256(dataOffset) << u256(0);
+
+	if (bare)
+		m_context << u256(0);
+	else
+	{
+		// copy function identifier
+		m_context << eth::dupInstruction(gasValueSize + 3);
+		CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(0, IntegerType(CompilerUtils::dataStartOffset * 8));
+		m_context << u256(CompilerUtils::dataStartOffset);
+	}
+
+	// For bare call, activate "4 byte pad exception": If the first argument has exactly 4 bytes,
+	// do not pad it to 32 bytes.
+	appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(_arguments, _functionType.getParameterTypes(),
+								_functionType.padArguments(), bare);
+
+	// CALL arguments: outSize, outOff, inSize, (already present up to here)
+	// inOff, value, addr, gas (stack top)
+	m_context << u256(0);
 	if (_functionType.valueSet())
 		m_context << eth::dupInstruction(m_context.baseToCurrentStackOffset(valueStackPos));
 	else
@@ -852,14 +865,12 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendExternalFunctionCall(FunctionType const& _functio
 	}
 }
 
-unsigned ExpressionCompiler::appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(vector<ASTPointer<Expression const>> const& _arguments,
+void ExpressionCompiler::appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(vector<ASTPointer<Expression const>> const& _arguments,
-														 TypePointers const& _types,
+													 TypePointers const& _types,
-														 unsigned _memoryOffset,
+													 bool _padToWordBoundaries,
-														 bool _padToWordBoundaries,
+													 bool _padExceptionIfFourBytes)
-														 bool _padExceptionIfFourBytes)
 {
 	solAssert(_types.empty() || _types.size() == _arguments.size(), "");
-	unsigned length = 0;
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < _arguments.size(); ++i)
 	{
 		_arguments[i]->accept(*this);
@@ -869,31 +880,20 @@ unsigned ExpressionCompiler::appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(vector<ASTPointer<Expre
 		// Do not pad if the first argument has exactly four bytes
 		if (i == 0 && pad && _padExceptionIfFourBytes && expectedType->getCalldataEncodedSize() == 4)
 			pad = false;
-		length += appendTypeMoveToMemory(*expectedType, _arguments[i]->getLocation(),
+		appendTypeMoveToMemory(*expectedType, pad);
-										 _memoryOffset + length, pad);
 	}
-	return length;
 }
 
-unsigned ExpressionCompiler::appendTypeMoveToMemory(Type const& _type, Location const& _location, unsigned _memoryOffset, bool _padToWordBoundaries)
+void ExpressionCompiler::appendTypeMoveToMemory(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries)
 {
-	unsigned const c_encodedSize = _type.getCalldataEncodedSize();
+	CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemoryDynamic(_type, _padToWordBoundaries);
-	unsigned const c_numBytes = _padToWordBoundaries ? CompilerUtils::getPaddedSize(c_encodedSize) : c_encodedSize;
-	if (c_numBytes == 0 || c_numBytes > 32)
-		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError()
-							  << errinfo_sourceLocation(_location)
-							  << errinfo_comment("Type " + _type.toString() + " not yet supported."));
-	bool const c_leftAligned = _type.getCategory() == Type::Category::String;
-	return CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(_memoryOffset, c_numBytes, c_leftAligned, _padToWordBoundaries);
 }
 
-unsigned ExpressionCompiler::appendExpressionCopyToMemory(Type const& _expectedType,
+void ExpressionCompiler::appendExpressionCopyToMemory(Type const& _expectedType, Expression const& _expression)
-														  Expression const& _expression,
-														  unsigned _memoryOffset)
 {
 	_expression.accept(*this);
 	appendTypeConversion(*_expression.getType(), _expectedType, true);
-	return appendTypeMoveToMemory(_expectedType, _expression.getLocation(), _memoryOffset);
+	appendTypeMoveToMemory(_expectedType);
 }
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::appendStateVariableAccessor(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl)
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendStateVariableAccessor(VariableDeclaration const&
 	TypePointers const& paramTypes = accessorType.getParameterTypes();
 	// move arguments to memory
 	for (TypePointer const& paramType: boost::adaptors::reverse(paramTypes))
-		length += appendTypeMoveToMemory(*paramType, Location(), length);
+		length += CompilerUtils(m_context).storeInMemory(length, *paramType, true);
 
 	// retrieve the position of the variable
 	m_context << m_context.getStorageLocationOfVariable(_varDecl);
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::retrieveValueFromStorage(TypePointer const& _ty
 		}
 }
 
-void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::storeValue(Expression const& _expression, bool _move) const
+void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::storeValue(Expression const& _expression, Type const& _sourceType, bool _move) const
 {
 	switch (m_type)
 	{
@@ -1032,28 +1032,46 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::storeValue(Expression const& _expression, bool
 		break;
 	}
 	case LValueType::Storage:
-		if (!_expression.getType()->isValueType())
+		// stack layout: value value ... value target_ref
-			break; // no distinction between value and reference for non-value types
+		if (_expression.getType()->isValueType())
-		// stack layout: value value ... value ref
-		if (!_move) // copy values
 		{
-			if (m_size + 1 > 16)
+			if (!_move) // copy values
-				BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_expression.getLocation())
+			{
-													  << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+				if (m_size + 1 > 16)
+					BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_expression.getLocation())
+														  << errinfo_comment("Stack too deep."));
+				for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
+					*m_context << eth::dupInstruction(m_size + 1) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+			}
+			if (m_size > 0) // store high index value first
+				*m_context << u256(m_size - 1) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
 			for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
-				*m_context << eth::dupInstruction(m_size + 1) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1;
+			{
+				if (i + 1 >= m_size)
+					*m_context << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+				else
+					// stack here: value value ... value value (target_ref+offset)
+					*m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP2
+							   << eth::Instruction::SSTORE
+							   << u256(1) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::SUB;
+			}
 		}
-		if (m_size > 0) // store high index value first
+		else
-			*m_context << u256(m_size - 1) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
 		{
-			if (i + 1 >= m_size)
+			solAssert(!_move, "Move assign for non-value types not implemented.");
-				*m_context << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+			solAssert(_sourceType.getCategory() == _expression.getType()->getCategory(), "");
+			if (_expression.getType()->getCategory() == Type::Category::ByteArray)
+				CompilerUtils(*m_context).copyByteArrayToStorage(
+							dynamic_cast<ByteArrayType const&>(*_expression.getType()),
+							dynamic_cast<ByteArrayType const&>(_sourceType));
+			else if (_expression.getType()->getCategory() == Type::Category::Struct)
+			{
+				//@todo
+				solAssert(false, "Struct copy not yet implemented.");
+			}
 			else
-				// v v ... v v r+x
+				BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_expression.getLocation())
-				*m_context << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::DUP2
+															  << errinfo_comment("Invalid non-value type for assignment."));
-						   << eth::Instruction::SSTORE
-						   << u256(1) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::SUB;
 		}
 		break;
 	case LValueType::Memory:
@@ -1069,7 +1087,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::storeValue(Expression const& _expression, bool
 	}
 }
 
-void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::setToZero(Expression const& _expression) const
+void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::setToZero(Expression const& _expression, Type const& _type) const
 {
 	switch (m_type)
 	{
@@ -1086,20 +1104,21 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::setToZero(Expression const& _expression) const
 		break;
 	}
 	case LValueType::Storage:
-		if (m_size == 0)
+		if (_type.getCategory() == Type::Category::ByteArray)
-			*m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
+			CompilerUtils(*m_context).clearByteArray(dynamic_cast<ByteArrayType const&>(_type));
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
+		else
 		{
-			if (i + 1 >= m_size)
+			if (m_size == 0)
-				*m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+				*m_context << eth::Instruction::POP;
-			else
+			for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_size; ++i)
-				*m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE
+				if (i + 1 >= m_size)
-							<< u256(1) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
+					*m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::SWAP1 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE;
+				else
+					*m_context << u256(0) << eth::Instruction::DUP2 << eth::Instruction::SSTORE
+								<< u256(1) << eth::Instruction::ADD;
 		}
 		break;
 	case LValueType::Memory:
-		if (!_expression.getType()->isValueType())
-			break; // no distinction between value and reference for non-value types
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_sourceLocation(_expression.getLocation())
 													  << errinfo_comment("Location type not yet implemented."));
 		break;
@@ -1108,7 +1127,6 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::setToZero(Expression const& _expression) const
 													  << errinfo_comment("Unsupported location type."));
 		break;
 	}
-
 }
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::retrieveValueIfLValueNotRequested(Expression const& _expression)
@@ -1145,5 +1163,6 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::LValue::fromIdentifier(Identifier const& _identifier, D
 													  << errinfo_comment("Identifier type not supported or identifier not found."));
 }
 
+
 }
 }

ExpressionCompiler.h

@@ -92,21 +92,18 @@ private:
 	/// Appends code to call a function of the given type with the given arguments.
 	void appendExternalFunctionCall(FunctionType const& _functionType, std::vector<ASTPointer<Expression const>> const& _arguments,
 									bool bare = false);
-	/// Appends code that evaluates the given arguments and moves the result to memory (with optional offset).
+	/// Appends code that evaluates the given arguments and moves the result to memory. The memory offset is
-	/// @returns the number of bytes moved to memory
+	/// expected to be on the stack and is updated by this call.
-	unsigned appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(std::vector<ASTPointer<Expression const>> const& _arguments,
+	void appendArgumentsCopyToMemory(std::vector<ASTPointer<Expression const>> const& _arguments,
-										 TypePointers const& _types = {},
+									 TypePointers const& _types = {},
-										 unsigned _memoryOffset = 0,
+									 bool _padToWordBoundaries = true,
-										 bool _padToWordBoundaries = true,
+									 bool _padExceptionIfFourBytes = false);
-										 bool _padExceptionIfFourBytes = false);
+	/// Appends code that moves a stack element of the given type to memory. The memory offset is
-	/// Appends code that moves a stack element of the given type to memory
+	/// expected below the stack element and is updated by this call.
-	/// @returns the number of bytes moved to memory
+	void appendTypeMoveToMemory(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBoundaries = true);
-	unsigned appendTypeMoveToMemory(Type const& _type, Location const& _location, unsigned _memoryOffset,
+	/// Appends code that evaluates a single expression and moves the result to memory. The memory offset is
-									bool _padToWordBoundaries = true);
+	/// expected to be on the stack and is updated by this call.
-	/// Appends code that evaluates a single expression and moves the result to memory (with optional offset).
+	void appendExpressionCopyToMemory(Type const& _expectedType, Expression const& _expression);
-	/// @returns the number of bytes moved to memory
-	unsigned appendExpressionCopyToMemory(Type const& _expectedType, Expression const& _expression,
-										  unsigned _memoryOffset = 0);
 
 	/// Appends code for a State Variable accessor function
 	void appendStateVariableAccessor(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl);
@@ -148,10 +145,11 @@ private:
 		/// be on the top of the stack, if any) in the lvalue and removes the reference.
 		/// Also removes the stored value from the stack if @a _move is
 		/// true. @a _expression is the current expression, used for error reporting.
-		void storeValue(Expression const& _expression, bool _move = false) const;
+		/// @a _sourceType is the type of the expression that is assigned.
+		void storeValue(Expression const& _expression, Type const& _sourceType, bool _move = false) const;
 		/// Stores zero in the lvalue.
 		/// @a _expression is the current expression, used for error reporting.
-		void setToZero(Expression const& _expression) const;
+		void setToZero(Expression const& _expression, Type const& _type) const;
 		/// Convenience function to convert the stored reference to a value and reset type to NONE if
 		/// the reference was not requested by @a _expression.
 		void retrieveValueIfLValueNotRequested(Expression const& _expression);
@@ -159,6 +157,8 @@ private:
 	private:
 		/// Convenience function to retrieve Value from Storage. Specific version of @ref retrieveValue
 		void retrieveValueFromStorage(TypePointer const& _type, bool _remove = false) const;
+		/// Copies from a byte array to a byte array in storage, both references on the stack.
+		void copyByteArrayToStorage(ByteArrayType const& _targetType, ByteArrayType const& _sourceType) const;
 
 		CompilerContext* m_context;
 		LValueType m_type = LValueType::None;

Token.h

@@ -176,8 +176,7 @@ namespace solidity
 	K(SubFinney, "finney", 0)                                           \
 	K(SubEther, "ether", 0)                                             \
 	/* type keywords, keep them in this order, keep int as first keyword
-	 * the implementation in Types.cpp has to be synced to this here
+	 * the implementation in Types.cpp has to be synced to this here */\
-	 *  TODO more to be added */                                       \
 	K(Int, "int", 0)                                                   \
 	K(Int8, "int8", 0)                                                 \
 	K(Int16, "int16", 0)                                               \
@@ -279,7 +278,8 @@ namespace solidity
 	K(Hash256, "hash256", 0)                                           \
 	K(Address, "address", 0)                                           \
 	K(Bool, "bool", 0)                                                 \
-	K(StringType, "string", 0)                                        \
+	K(Bytes, "bytes", 0)                                               \
+	K(StringType, "string", 0)                                         \
 	K(String0, "string0", 0)                                           \
 	K(String1, "string1", 0)                                           \
 	K(String2, "string2", 0)                                           \

Types.cpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace dev
 namespace solidity
 {
 
-shared_ptr<Type const> Type::fromElementaryTypeName(Token::Value _typeToken)
+TypePointer Type::fromElementaryTypeName(Token::Value _typeToken)
 {
 	solAssert(Token::isElementaryTypeName(_typeToken), "Elementary type name expected.");
 
@@ -57,12 +57,19 @@ shared_ptr<Type const> Type::fromElementaryTypeName(Token::Value _typeToken)
 		return make_shared<BoolType>();
 	else if (Token::String0 <= _typeToken && _typeToken <= Token::String32)
 		return make_shared<StaticStringType>(int(_typeToken) - int(Token::String0));
+	else if (_typeToken == Token::Bytes)
+		return make_shared<ByteArrayType>(ByteArrayType::Location::Storage, 0, 0, true);
 	else
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_comment("Unable to convert elementary typename " +
 																		 std::string(Token::toString(_typeToken)) + " to type."));
 }
 
-shared_ptr<Type const> Type::fromUserDefinedTypeName(UserDefinedTypeName const& _typeName)
+TypePointer Type::fromElementaryTypeName(string const& _name)
+{
+	return fromElementaryTypeName(Token::fromIdentifierOrKeyword(_name));
+}
+
+TypePointer Type::fromUserDefinedTypeName(UserDefinedTypeName const& _typeName)
 {
 	Declaration const* declaration = _typeName.getReferencedDeclaration();
 	if (StructDefinition const* structDef = dynamic_cast<StructDefinition const*>(declaration))
@@ -71,21 +78,21 @@ shared_ptr<Type const> Type::fromUserDefinedTypeName(UserDefinedTypeName const&
 		return make_shared<FunctionType>(*function);
 	else if (ContractDefinition const* contract = dynamic_cast<ContractDefinition const*>(declaration))
 		return make_shared<ContractType>(*contract);
-	return shared_ptr<Type const>();
+	return TypePointer();
 }
 
-shared_ptr<Type const> Type::fromMapping(Mapping const& _typeName)
+TypePointer Type::fromMapping(Mapping const& _typeName)
 {
-	shared_ptr<Type const> keyType = _typeName.getKeyType().toType();
+	TypePointer keyType = _typeName.getKeyType().toType();
 	if (!keyType)
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_comment("Error resolving type name."));
-	shared_ptr<Type const> valueType = _typeName.getValueType().toType();
+	TypePointer valueType = _typeName.getValueType().toType();
 	if (!valueType)
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(_typeName.getValueType().createTypeError("Invalid type name"));
 	return make_shared<MappingType>(keyType, valueType);
 }
 
-shared_ptr<Type const> Type::forLiteral(Literal const& _literal)
+TypePointer Type::forLiteral(Literal const& _literal)
 {
 	switch (_literal.getToken())
 	{
@@ -506,6 +513,40 @@ TypePointer ContractType::unaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator) const
 	return _operator == Token::Delete ? make_shared<VoidType>() : TypePointer();
 }
 
+bool ByteArrayType::isImplicitlyConvertibleTo(const Type& _convertTo) const
+{
+	if (*this == _convertTo)
+		return true;
+	if (_convertTo.getCategory() != Category::ByteArray)
+		return false;
+	auto const& other = dynamic_cast<ByteArrayType const&>(_convertTo);
+	return (m_dynamicLength == other.m_dynamicLength || m_length == other.m_length);
+}
+
+TypePointer ByteArrayType::unaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator) const
+{
+	if (_operator == Token::Delete)
+		return make_shared<VoidType>();
+	return TypePointer();
+}
+
+bool ByteArrayType::operator==(Type const& _other) const
+{
+	if (_other.getCategory() != getCategory())
+		return false;
+	ByteArrayType const& other = dynamic_cast<ByteArrayType const&>(_other);
+	return other.m_location == m_location && other.m_dynamicLength == m_dynamicLength
+			&& other.m_length == m_length && other.m_offset == m_offset;
+}
+
+unsigned ByteArrayType::getSizeOnStack() const
+{
+	if (m_location == Location::CallData)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
 bool ContractType::operator==(Type const& _other) const
 {
 	if (_other.getCategory() != getCategory())
@@ -525,8 +566,8 @@ MemberList const& ContractType::getMembers() const
 	if (!m_members)
 	{
 		// All address members and all interface functions
-		map<string, shared_ptr<Type const>> members(IntegerType::AddressMemberList.begin(),
+		map<string, TypePointer> members(IntegerType::AddressMemberList.begin(),
-													IntegerType::AddressMemberList.end());
+										 IntegerType::AddressMemberList.end());
 		if (m_super)
 		{
 			for (ContractDefinition const* base: m_contract.getLinearizedBaseContracts())
@@ -581,14 +622,14 @@ bool StructType::operator==(Type const& _other) const
 u256 StructType::getStorageSize() const
 {
 	u256 size = 0;
-	for (pair<string, shared_ptr<Type const>> const& member: getMembers())
+	for (pair<string, TypePointer> const& member: getMembers())
 		size += member.second->getStorageSize();
 	return max<u256>(1, size);
 }
 
 bool StructType::canLiveOutsideStorage() const
 {
-	for (pair<string, shared_ptr<Type const>> const& member: getMembers())
+	for (pair<string, TypePointer> const& member: getMembers())
 		if (!member.second->canLiveOutsideStorage())
 			return false;
 	return true;
@@ -604,7 +645,7 @@ MemberList const& StructType::getMembers() const
 	// We need to lazy-initialize it because of recursive references.
 	if (!m_members)
 	{
-		map<string, shared_ptr<Type const>> members;
+		map<string, TypePointer> members;
 		for (ASTPointer<VariableDeclaration> const& variable: m_struct.getMembers())
 			members[variable->getName()] = variable->getType();
 		m_members.reset(new MemberList(members));
@@ -811,7 +852,7 @@ TypePointers FunctionType::parseElementaryTypeVector(strings const& _types)
 	TypePointers pointers;
 	pointers.reserve(_types.size());
 	for (string const& type: _types)
-		pointers.push_back(Type::fromElementaryTypeName(Token::fromIdentifierOrKeyword(type)));
+		pointers.push_back(Type::fromElementaryTypeName(type));
 	return pointers;
 }
 
@@ -941,7 +982,8 @@ MagicType::MagicType(MagicType::Kind _kind):
 	case Kind::Message:
 		m_members = MemberList({{"sender", make_shared<IntegerType>(0, IntegerType::Modifier::Address)},
 								{"gas", make_shared<IntegerType>(256)},
-								{"value", make_shared<IntegerType>(256)}});
+								{"value", make_shared<IntegerType>(256)},
+								{"data", make_shared<ByteArrayType>(ByteArrayType::Location::CallData)}});
 		break;
 	case Kind::Transaction:
 		m_members = MemberList({{"origin", make_shared<IntegerType>(0, IntegerType::Modifier::Address)},

Types.h

@@ -76,15 +76,17 @@ class Type: private boost::noncopyable, public std::enable_shared_from_this<Type
 public:
 	enum class Category
 	{
-		Integer, IntegerConstant, Bool, Real,
+		Integer, IntegerConstant, Bool, Real, String,
-		String, Contract, Struct, Function,
+		ByteArray, Mapping,
-		Mapping, Void, TypeType, Modifier, Magic
+		Contract, Struct, Function,
+		Void, TypeType, Modifier, Magic
 	};
 
 	///@{
 	///@name Factory functions
 	/// Factory functions that convert an AST @ref TypeName to a Type.
 	static TypePointer fromElementaryTypeName(Token::Value _typeToken);
+	static TypePointer fromElementaryTypeName(std::string const& _name);
 	static TypePointer fromUserDefinedTypeName(UserDefinedTypeName const& _typeName);
 	static TypePointer fromMapping(Mapping const& _typeName);
 	static TypePointer fromFunction(FunctionDefinition const& _function);
@@ -263,7 +265,7 @@ class BoolType: public Type
 {
 public:
 	BoolType() {}
-	virtual Category getCategory() const { return Category::Bool; }
+	virtual Category getCategory() const override { return Category::Bool; }
 	virtual bool isExplicitlyConvertibleTo(Type const& _convertTo) const override;
 	virtual TypePointer unaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator) const override;
 	virtual TypePointer binaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator, TypePointer const& _other) const override;
@@ -275,6 +277,36 @@ public:
 	virtual u256 literalValue(Literal const* _literal) const override;
 };
 
+/**
+ * The type of a byte array, prototype for a general array.
+ */
+class ByteArrayType: public Type
+{
+public:
+	enum class Location { Storage, CallData, Memory };
+
+	virtual Category getCategory() const override { return Category::ByteArray; }
+	explicit ByteArrayType(Location _location, u256 const& _offset = 0, u256 const& _length = 0,
+						   bool _dynamicLength = false):
+		m_location(_location), m_offset(_offset), m_length(_length), m_dynamicLength(_dynamicLength) {}
+	virtual bool isImplicitlyConvertibleTo(Type const& _convertTo) const override;
+	virtual TypePointer unaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator) const override;
+	virtual bool operator==(const Type& _other) const override;
+	virtual unsigned getSizeOnStack() const override;
+	virtual std::string toString() const override { return "bytes"; }
+
+	Location getLocation() const { return m_location; }
+	u256 const& getOffset() const { return m_offset; }
+	u256 const& getLength() const { return m_length; }
+	bool hasDynamicLength() const { return m_dynamicLength; }
+
+private:
+	Location m_location;
+	u256 m_offset;
+	u256 m_length;
+	bool m_dynamicLength;
+};
+
 /**
  * The type of a contract instance, there is one distinct type for each contract definition.
  */