Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into release

.travis.yml

@@ -135,10 +135,8 @@ git:
 cache:
     ccache: true
     directories:
-        - cryptopp
         - boost_1_57_0
         - build
-        - jsoncpp
 
 install:
     - test $TRAVIS_INSTALL_DEPS != On || ./scripts/install_deps.sh

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ include(EthPolicy)
 eth_policy()
 
 # project name and version should be set after cmake_policy CMP0048
-set(PROJECT_VERSION "0.4.4")
+set(PROJECT_VERSION "0.4.5")
 project(solidity VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
 
 # Let's find our dependencies
 include(EthDependencies)
+include(deps/jsoncpp.cmake)
 
 # Figure out what compiler and system are we using
 include(EthCompilerSettings)

Changelog.md

@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+### 0.4.5 (2016-11-21)
+
+Features:
+ * Function types
+ * Do-while loops: support for a ``do <block> while (<expr>);`` control structure
+ * Inline assembly: support ``invalidJumpLabel`` as a jump label.
+ * Type checker: now more eagerly searches for a common type of an inline array with mixed types
+ * Code generator: generates a runtime error when an out-of-range value is converted into an enum type.
+
+Bugfixes:
+
+ * Inline assembly: calculate stack height warning correctly even when local variables are used.
+ * Code generator: check for value transfer in non-payable constructors.
+ * Parser: disallow empty enum definitions.
+ * Type checker: disallow conversion between different enum types.
+ * Interface JSON: do not include trailing new line.
+
 ### 0.4.4 (2016-10-31)
 
 Bugfixes:

appveyor.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 branches:
   only:
-    - master
+    - release
     - develop
 os: Visual Studio 2015
 configuration:
@@ -83,14 +83,13 @@ artifacts:
 # below.
 
 deploy:
-    description: 'Development build of solidity at commit $(APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT).\n\n$(APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT_MESSAGE)\n\nCommitted by $(APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT_AUTHOR), $(APPVEYOR_REPO_COMMIT_TIMESTAMP).'
-    prerelease: true
     provider: GitHub
     auth_token:
         secure: HPjiugbDSCsEFTphj/qwHuSw80/BV1xWoSvj95CPmtb16Ukh2VQbLVB7iFtZSans
     artifact: solidity-windows-zip
     on:
         branch: release
+        appveyor_repo_tag: true
 
 notifications:
     - provider: GitHubPullRequest

cmake/EthCompilerSettings.cmake

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ if (("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "GNU") OR ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MA
 	add_compile_options(-fPIC)
 
 	# Configuration-specific compiler settings.
-	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG          "-O0 -g -DETH_DEBUG")
+	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG          "-Og -g -DETH_DEBUG")
 	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL     "-Os -DNDEBUG")
 	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE        "-O3 -DNDEBUG")
 	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "-O2 -g")

cmake/FindJsoncpp.cmake

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# Find jsoncpp
-#
-# Find the jsoncpp includes and library
-# 
-# if you nee to add a custom library search path, do it via via CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH 
-# 
-# This module defines
-#  JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIRS, where to find header, etc.
-#  JSONCPP_LIBRARIES, the libraries needed to use jsoncpp.
-#  JSONCPP_FOUND, If false, do not try to use jsoncpp.
-
-# only look in default directories
-find_path(
-	JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIR 
-	NAMES json/json.h
-	PATH_SUFFIXES jsoncpp
-	DOC "jsoncpp include dir"
-)
-
-find_library(
-	JSONCPP_LIBRARY
-	NAMES jsoncpp
-	DOC "jsoncpp library"
-)
-
-set(JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIRS ${JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIR})
-set(JSONCPP_LIBRARIES ${JSONCPP_LIBRARY})
-
-# debug library on windows
-# same naming convention as in qt (appending debug library with d)
-# boost is using the same "hack" as us with "optimized" and "debug"
-if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" STREQUAL "MSVC")
-
-	find_library(
-		JSONCPP_LIBRARY_DEBUG
-		NAMES jsoncppd
-		DOC "jsoncpp debug library"
-	)
-	
-	set(JSONCPP_LIBRARIES optimized ${JSONCPP_LIBRARIES} debug ${JSONCPP_LIBRARY_DEBUG})
-
-endif()
-
-# handle the QUIETLY and REQUIRED arguments and set JSONCPP_FOUND to TRUE
-# if all listed variables are TRUE, hide their existence from configuration view
-include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
-find_package_handle_standard_args(jsoncpp DEFAULT_MSG
-	JSONCPP_LIBRARY JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIR)
-mark_as_advanced (JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIR JSONCPP_LIBRARY)
-

cmake/UseJsoncpp.cmake

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-function(eth_apply TARGET REQUIRED)	
-	find_package (Jsoncpp 0.60)
-	eth_show_dependency(JSONCPP JsonCpp)
-	if (JSONCPP_FOUND)
-		target_include_directories(${TARGET} SYSTEM BEFORE PUBLIC ${JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-		target_link_libraries(${TARGET} ${JSONCPP_LIBRARIES})
-	elseif (NOT ${REQUIRED} STREQUAL "OPTIONAL")
-		message(FATAL_ERROR "Jsoncpp library not found")
-	endif()
-endfunction()

cmake/UseSolidity.cmake

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ function(eth_apply TARGET REQUIRED SUBMODULE)
 	target_include_directories(${TARGET} PUBLIC ${Solidity_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 
 	if (${SUBMODULE} STREQUAL "solevmasm")
-		eth_use(${TARGET} ${REQUIRED} Jsoncpp)
+		target_link_libraries(${TARGET} ${Solidity_SOLEVMASM_LIBRARIES} jsoncpp)
-		target_link_libraries(${TARGET} ${Solidity_SOLEVMASM_LIBRARIES})
 	endif()
 
 	if (${SUBMODULE} STREQUAL "lll")

deps

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit f2ede70f33633b26a27299ff39995914db2c6923
+Subproject commit b3db8905894eafb74a436b702de78ba235f3a3b1

docs/conf.py

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ copyright = '2016, Ethereum'
 # built documents.
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = '0.4.4'
+version = '0.4.5'
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = '0.4.4-develop'
+release = '0.4.5-develop'
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.

docs/control-structures.rst

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 Expressions and Control Structures
 ##################################
 
-.. index:: if, else, while, for, break, continue, return, switch, goto
+.. index:: if, else, while, do/while, for, break, continue, return, switch, goto
 
 Control Structures
 ===================
 
 Most of the control structures from C or JavaScript are available in Solidity
 except for ``switch`` and ``goto``. So
-there is: ``if``, ``else``, ``while``, ``for``, ``break``, ``continue``, ``return``, ``? :``, with
+there is: ``if``, ``else``, ``while``, ``do``, ``for``, ``break``, ``continue``, ``return``, ``? :``, with
 the usual semantics known from C or JavaScript.
 
 Parentheses can *not* be omitted for conditionals, but curly brances can be omitted
@@ -329,9 +329,10 @@ Currently, there are situations, where exceptions happen automatically in Solidi
 3. If you call a function via a message call but it does not finish properly (i.e. it runs out of gas, has no matching function, or throws an exception itself), except when a low level operation ``call``, ``send``, ``delegatecall`` or ``callcode`` is used.  The low level operations never throw exceptions but indicate failures by returning ``false``.
 4. If you create a contract using the ``new`` keyword but the contract creation does not finish properly (see above for the definition of "not finish properly").
 5. If you divide or modulo by zero (e.g. ``5 / 0`` or ``23 % 0``).
-6. If you perform an external function call targeting a contract that contains no code.
+6. If you convert a value too big or negative into an enum type.
-7. If your contract receives Ether via a public function without ``payable`` modifier (including the constructor and the fallback function).
+7. If you perform an external function call targeting a contract that contains no code.
-8. If your contract receives Ether via a public accessor function.
+8. If your contract receives Ether via a public function without ``payable`` modifier (including the constructor and the fallback function).
+9. If your contract receives Ether via a public accessor function.
 
 Internally, Solidity performs an "invalid jump" when an exception is thrown and thus causes the EVM to revert all changes made to the state. The reason for this is that there is no safe way to continue execution, because an expected effect did not occur. Because we want to retain the atomicity of transactions, the safest thing to do is to revert all changes and make the whole transaction (or at least call) without effect.
 
@@ -426,7 +427,7 @@ these curly braces, the following can be used (see the later sections for more d
 
  - literals, e.g. ``0x123``, ``42`` or ``"abc"`` (strings up to 32 characters)
  - opcodes (in "instruction style"), e.g. ``mload sload dup1 sstore``, for a list see below
- - opcodes in functional style, e.g. ``add(1, mlod(0))``
+ - opcodes in functional style, e.g. ``add(1, mload(0))``
  - labels, e.g. ``name:``
  - variable declarations, e.g. ``let x := 7`` or ``let x := add(y, 3)``
  - identifiers (externals, labels or assembly-local variables), e.g. ``jump(name)``, ``3 x add``
@@ -715,6 +716,10 @@ will have a wrong impression about the stack height at label ``two``:
         three:
     }
 
+.. note::
+
+    ``invalidJumpLabel`` is a pre-defined label. Jumping to this location will always
+    result in an invalid jump, effectively aborting execution of the code.
 
 Declaring Assembly-Local Variables
 ----------------------------------

docs/introduction-to-smart-contracts.rst

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Storage
             storedData = x;
         }
 
-        function get() constant returns (uint retVal) {
+        function get() constant returns (uint) {
             return storedData;
         }
     }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ like this one. The accessor function created by the ``public`` keyword
 is a bit more complex in this case. It roughly looks like the
 following::
 
-    function balances(address _account) returns (uint balance) {
+    function balances(address _account) returns (uint) {
         return balances[_account];
     }
 

docs/solidity-by-example.rst

@@ -170,6 +170,15 @@ of votes.
                 }
             }
         }
+        
+        // Calls winningProposal() function to get the index
+        // of the winner contained in the proposals array and then
+        // returns the name of the winner
+        function winnerName() constant
+                returns (bytes32 winnerName)
+        {
+            winnerName = proposals[winningProposal()].name;
+        }
     }
 
 Possible Improvements

docs/types.rst

@@ -234,10 +234,11 @@ Hexademical Literals behave like String Literals and have the same convertibilit
 .. _enums:
 
 Enums
-=====
+-----
 
 Enums are one way to create a user-defined type in Solidity. They are explicitly convertible
-to and from all integer types but implicit conversion is not allowed.
+to and from all integer types but implicit conversion is not allowed.  The explicit conversions
+check the value ranges at runtime and a failure causes an exception.  Enums needs at least one member.
 
 ::
 
@@ -266,6 +267,128 @@ to and from all integer types but implicit conversion is not allowed.
         }
     }
 
+.. index:: ! function type, ! type; function
+
+.. _function_types:
+
+Function Types
+--------------
+
+Function types are the types of functions. Variables of function type
+can be assigned from functions and function parameters of function type
+can be used to pass functions to and return functions from function calls.
+Function types come in two flavours - *internal* and *external* functions:
+
+Internal functions can only be used inside the current contract (more specifically,
+inside the current code unit, which also includes internal library functions
+and inherited functions) because they cannot be executed outside of the
+context of the current contract. Calling an internal function is realized
+by jumping to its entry label, just like when calling a function of the current
+contract internally.
+
+External functions consist of an address and a function signature and they can
+be passed via and returned from external function calls.
+
+Function types are notated as follows::
+
+    function (<parameter types>) {internal|external} [constant] [payable] [returns (<return types>)]
+
+In contrast to the parameter types, the return types cannot be empty - if the
+function type should not return anything, the whole ``returns (<return types>)``
+part has to be omitted.
+
+By default, function types are internal, so the ``internal`` keyword can be
+omitted.
+
+There are two ways to access a function in the current contract: Either directly
+by its name, ``f``, or using ``this.f``. The former will result in an internal
+function, the latter in an external function.
+
+If a function type variable is not initialized, calling it will result
+in an exception. The same happens if you call a function after using ``delete``
+on it.
+
+If external function types are used outside of the context of Solidity,
+they are treated as the ``function`` type, which encodes the address
+followed by the function identifier together in a single ``bytes24`` type.
+
+Example that shows how to use internal function types::
+
+    library ArrayUtils {
+      // internal functions can be used in internal library functions because
+      // they will be part of the same code context
+      function map(uint[] memory self, function (uint) returns (uint) f)
+        returns (uint[] memory r)
+      {
+        r = new uint[](self.length);
+        for (uint i = 0; i < self.length; i++) {
+          r[i] = f(self[i]);
+        }
+      }
+      function reduce(
+        uint[] memory self,
+        function (uint) returns (uint) f
+      )
+        returns (uint r)
+      {
+        r = self[0];
+        for (uint i = 1; i < self.length; i++) {
+          r = f(r, self[i]);
+        }
+      }
+      function range(uint length) returns (uint[] memory r) {
+        r = new uint[](length);
+        for (uint i = 0; i < r.length; i++) {
+          r[i] = i;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    
+    contract Pyramid {
+      using ArrayUtils for *;
+      function pyramid(uint l) return (uint) {
+        return ArrayUtils.range(l).map(square).reduce(sum);
+      }
+      function square(uint x) internal returns (uint) {
+        return x * x;
+      }
+      function sum(uint x, uint y) internal returns (uint) {
+        return x + y;
+      }
+    }
+
+Another example that uses external function types::
+
+    contract Oracle {
+      struct Request {
+        bytes data;
+        function(bytes) external callback;
+      }
+      Request[] requests;
+      event NewRequest(uint);
+      function query(bytes data, function(bytes) external callback) {
+        requests.push(Request(data, callback));
+        NewRequest(requests.length - 1);
+      }
+      function reply(uint requestID, bytes response) {
+        // Here goes the check that the reply comes from a trusted source
+        requests[requestID].callback(response);
+      }
+    }
+
+    contract OracleUser {
+      Oracle constant oracle = 0x1234567; // known contract
+      function buySomething() {
+        oracle.query("USD", oracleResponse);
+      }
+      function oracleResponse(bytes response) {
+        if (msg.sender != oracle) throw;
+        // Use the data
+      }
+    }
+
+Note that lambda or inline functions are planned but not yet supported.
+
 .. index:: ! type;reference, ! reference type, storage, memory, location, array, struct
 
 Reference Types

docs/units-and-global-variables.rst

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace and are mainly used to provide information about the blockchain.
 Block and Transaction Properties
 --------------------------------
 
-- ``block.blockhash(uint blockNumber) returns (bytes32)``: hash of the given block - only works for 256 most recent blocks
+- ``block.blockhash(uint blockNumber) returns (bytes32)``: hash of the given block - only works for 256 most recent blocks excluding current
 - ``block.coinbase`` (``address``): current block miner's address
 - ``block.difficulty`` (``uint``): current block difficulty
 - ``block.gaslimit`` (``uint``): current block gaslimit

libdevcore/Common.h

@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
 
 #include "vector_ref.h"
 
-// CryptoPP defines byte in the global namespace, so must we.
 using byte = uint8_t;
 
 // Quote a given token stream to turn it into a string.

libdevcore/CommonData.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@
  */
 
 #include "CommonData.h"
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
 #include "Exceptions.h"
 using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;

libdevcore/JSON.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/** @file JSON.h
+ * @date 2016
+ *
+ * JSON related helpers
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <json/json.h>
+
+namespace dev
+{
+
+/// Serialise the JSON object (@a _input) with identation
+std::string jsonPrettyPrint(Json::Value const& _input)
+{
+	return Json::StyledWriter().write(_input);
+}
+
+/// Serialise theJ SON object (@a _input) without identation
+std::string jsonCompactPrint(Json::Value const& _input)
+{
+	Json::FastWriter writer;
+	writer.omitEndingLineFeed();
+	return writer.write(_input);
+}
+
+}

libdevcore/SwarmHash.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/** @file SwarmHash.cpp
+ */
+
+#include <libdevcore/SwarmHash.h>
+
+#include <libdevcore/SHA3.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace dev;
+
+
+bytes toLittleEndian(size_t _size)
+{
+	bytes encoded(8);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
+		encoded[i] = (_size >> (8 * i)) & 0xff;
+	return encoded;
+}
+
+h256 swarmHashSimple(bytesConstRef _data, size_t _size)
+{
+	return keccak256(toLittleEndian(_size) + _data.toBytes());
+}
+
+h256 swarmHashIntermediate(bytes const& _input, size_t _offset, size_t _length)
+{
+	if (_length <= 0x1000)
+		return swarmHashSimple(bytesConstRef(_input.data() + _offset, _length), _length);
+	else
+	{
+		bytes innerNodes;
+		size_t maxRepresentedSize = 0x1000;
+		while (maxRepresentedSize * (0x1000 / 32) < _length)
+			maxRepresentedSize *= (0x1000 / 32);
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < _length; i += maxRepresentedSize)
+		{
+			size_t size = std::min(maxRepresentedSize, _length - i);
+			innerNodes += swarmHashIntermediate(_input, _offset + i, size).asBytes();
+		}
+		return swarmHashSimple(bytesConstRef(&innerNodes), _length);
+	}
+}
+
+h256 dev::swarmHash(bytes const& _input)
+{
+	return swarmHashIntermediate(_input, 0, _input.size());
+}

libdevcore/SwarmHash.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/** @file SwarmHash.h
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <libdevcore/FixedHash.h>
+#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
+
+namespace dev
+{
+
+/// Compute the "swarm hash" of @a _data
+h256 swarmHash(bytes const& _data);
+
+}

libevmasm/Assembly.cpp

@@ -20,13 +20,17 @@
  */
 
 #include "Assembly.h"
-#include <fstream>
+
 #include <libevmasm/CommonSubexpressionEliminator.h>
 #include <libevmasm/ControlFlowGraph.h>
+#include <libevmasm/PeepholeOptimiser.h>
 #include <libevmasm/BlockDeduplicator.h>
 #include <libevmasm/ConstantOptimiser.h>
 #include <libevmasm/GasMeter.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
 #include <json/json.h>
+
 using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::eth;
@@ -75,17 +79,17 @@ string Assembly::out() const
 	return ret.str();
 }
 
-unsigned Assembly::bytesRequired() const
+unsigned Assembly::bytesRequired(unsigned subTagSize) const
 {
-	for (unsigned br = 1;; ++br)
+	for (unsigned tagSize = subTagSize; true; ++tagSize)
 	{
 		unsigned ret = 1;
 		for (auto const& i: m_data)
 			ret += i.second.size();
 
 		for (AssemblyItem const& i: m_items)
-			ret += i.bytesRequired(br);
+			ret += i.bytesRequired(tagSize);
-		if (dev::bytesRequired(ret) <= br)
+		if (dev::bytesRequired(ret) <= tagSize)
 			return ret;
 	}
 }
@@ -132,13 +136,19 @@ ostream& Assembly::streamAsm(ostream& _out, string const& _prefix, StringMap con
 			if (i.data() == 0)
 				_out << "  PUSH [ErrorTag]";
 			else
-				_out << "  PUSH [tag" << dec << i.data() << "]";
+			{
+				size_t subId = i.splitForeignPushTag().first;
+				if (subId == size_t(-1))
+					_out << "  PUSH [tag" << dec << i.splitForeignPushTag().second << "]";
+				else
+					_out << "  PUSH [tag" << dec << subId << ":" << i.splitForeignPushTag().second << "]";
+			}
 			break;
 		case PushSub:
-			_out << "  PUSH [$" << h256(i.data()).abridgedMiddle() << "]";
+			_out << "  PUSH [$" << size_t(i.data()) << "]";
 			break;
 		case PushSubSize:
-			_out << "  PUSH #[$" << h256(i.data()).abridgedMiddle() << "]";
+			_out << "  PUSH #[$" << size_t(i.data()) << "]";
 			break;
 		case PushProgramSize:
 			_out << "  PUSHSIZE";
@@ -167,7 +177,7 @@ ostream& Assembly::streamAsm(ostream& _out, string const& _prefix, StringMap con
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < m_subs.size(); ++i)
 		{
 			_out << _prefix << "  " << hex << i << ": " << endl;
-			m_subs[i].stream(_out, _prefix + "  ", _sourceCodes);
+			m_subs[i]->stream(_out, _prefix + "  ", _sourceCodes);
 		}
 	}
 	return _out;
@@ -266,7 +276,7 @@ Json::Value Assembly::streamAsmJson(ostream& _out, StringMap const& _sourceCodes
 		{
 			std::stringstream hexStr;
 			hexStr << hex << i;
-			data[hexStr.str()] = m_subs[i].stream(_out, "", _sourceCodes, true);
+			data[hexStr.str()] = m_subs[i]->stream(_out, "", _sourceCodes, true);
 		}
 		root[".data"] = data;
 		_out << root;
@@ -308,41 +318,67 @@ void Assembly::injectStart(AssemblyItem const& _i)
 
 Assembly& Assembly::optimise(bool _enable, bool _isCreation, size_t _runs)
 {
-	if (!_enable)
+	optimiseInternal(_enable, _isCreation, _runs);
-		return *this;
+	return *this;
+}
 
+map<u256, u256> Assembly::optimiseInternal(bool _enable, bool _isCreation, size_t _runs)
+{
+	for (size_t subId = 0; subId < m_subs.size(); ++subId)
+	{
+		map<u256, u256> subTagReplacements = m_subs[subId]->optimiseInternal(_enable, false, _runs);
+		BlockDeduplicator::applyTagReplacement(m_items, subTagReplacements, subId);
+	}
+
+	map<u256, u256> tagReplacements;
 	unsigned total = 0;
 	for (unsigned count = 1; count > 0; total += count)
 	{
 		count = 0;
 
+		PeepholeOptimiser peepOpt(m_items);
+		if (peepOpt.optimise())
+			count++;
+
+		if (!_enable)
+			continue;
+
 		// This only modifies PushTags, we have to run again to actually remove code.
 		BlockDeduplicator dedup(m_items);
 		if (dedup.deduplicate())
+		{
+			tagReplacements.insert(dedup.replacedTags().begin(), dedup.replacedTags().end());
 			count++;
+		}
 
 		{
-			// Control flow graph that resets knowledge at path joins.
+			// Control flow graph optimization has been here before but is disabled because it
-			ControlFlowGraph cfg(m_items, false);
+			// assumes we only jump to tags that are pushed. This is not the case anymore with
+			// function types that can be stored in storage.
 			AssemblyItems optimisedItems;
-			for (BasicBlock const& block: cfg.optimisedBlocks())
+
+			auto iter = m_items.begin();
+			while (iter != m_items.end())
 			{
-				// We used to start with the block's initial state but it caused
+				auto end = iter;
-				// too many inconsistencies.
+				while (end != m_items.end())
+					if (SemanticInformation::altersControlFlow(*end++))
+						break;
+
 				KnownState emptyState;
 				CommonSubexpressionEliminator eliminator(emptyState);
-				auto iter = m_items.begin() + block.begin;
+				auto blockIter = iter;
-				auto const end = m_items.begin() + block.end;
+				auto const blockEnd = end;
-				while (iter < end)
+				while (blockIter < blockEnd)
 				{
-					auto orig = iter;
+					auto orig = blockIter;
-					iter = eliminator.feedItems(iter, end);
+					blockIter = eliminator.feedItems(blockIter, blockEnd);
 					bool shouldReplace = false;
 					AssemblyItems optimisedChunk;
 					try
 					{
 						optimisedChunk = eliminator.getOptimizedItems();
-						shouldReplace = (optimisedChunk.size() < size_t(iter - orig));
+						shouldReplace = (optimisedChunk.size() < size_t(blockIter - orig));
 					}
 					catch (StackTooDeepException const&)
 					{
@@ -361,10 +397,10 @@ Assembly& Assembly::optimise(bool _enable, bool _isCreation, size_t _runs)
 						optimisedItems += optimisedChunk;
 					}
 					else
-						copy(orig, iter, back_inserter(optimisedItems));
+						copy(orig, blockIter, back_inserter(optimisedItems));
 				}
+				iter = end;
 			}
-
 			if (optimisedItems.size() < m_items.size())
 			{
 				m_items = move(optimisedItems);
@@ -373,17 +409,15 @@ Assembly& Assembly::optimise(bool _enable, bool _isCreation, size_t _runs)
 		}
 	}
 
-	total += ConstantOptimisationMethod::optimiseConstants(
+	if (_enable)
-		_isCreation,
+		total += ConstantOptimisationMethod::optimiseConstants(
-		_isCreation ? 1 : _runs,
+			_isCreation,
-		*this,
+			_isCreation ? 1 : _runs,
-		m_items
+			*this,
-	);
+			m_items
+		);
 
-	for (auto& sub: m_subs)
+	return tagReplacements;
-	  sub.optimise(true, false, _runs);
-
-	return *this;
 }
 
 LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
@@ -391,20 +425,28 @@ LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
 	if (!m_assembledObject.bytecode.empty())
 		return m_assembledObject;
 
+	size_t subTagSize = 1;
+	for (auto const& sub: m_subs)
+	{
+		sub->assemble();
+		if (!sub->m_tagPositionsInBytecode.empty())
+			subTagSize = max(subTagSize, *max_element(sub->m_tagPositionsInBytecode.begin(), sub->m_tagPositionsInBytecode.end()));
+	}
+
 	LinkerObject& ret = m_assembledObject;
 
-	unsigned totalBytes = bytesRequired();
+	size_t bytesRequiredForCode = bytesRequired(subTagSize);
-	vector<unsigned> tagPos(m_usedTags);
+	m_tagPositionsInBytecode = vector<size_t>(m_usedTags, -1);
-	map<unsigned, unsigned> tagRef;
+	map<size_t, pair<size_t, size_t>> tagRef;
 	multimap<h256, unsigned> dataRef;
 	multimap<size_t, size_t> subRef;
 	vector<unsigned> sizeRef; ///< Pointers to code locations where the size of the program is inserted
-	unsigned bytesPerTag = dev::bytesRequired(totalBytes);
+	unsigned bytesPerTag = dev::bytesRequired(bytesRequiredForCode);
 	byte tagPush = (byte)Instruction::PUSH1 - 1 + bytesPerTag;
 
-	unsigned bytesRequiredIncludingData = bytesRequired();
+	unsigned bytesRequiredIncludingData = bytesRequiredForCode + 1;
 	for (auto const& sub: m_subs)
-		bytesRequiredIncludingData += sub.assemble().bytecode.size();
+		bytesRequiredIncludingData += sub->assemble().bytecode.size();
 
 	unsigned bytesPerDataRef = dev::bytesRequired(bytesRequiredIncludingData);
 	byte dataRefPush = (byte)Instruction::PUSH1 - 1 + bytesPerDataRef;
@@ -413,8 +455,8 @@ LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
 	for (AssemblyItem const& i: m_items)
 	{
 		// store position of the invalid jump destination
-		if (i.type() != Tag && tagPos[0] == 0)
+		if (i.type() != Tag && m_tagPositionsInBytecode[0] == size_t(-1))
-			tagPos[0] = ret.bytecode.size();
+			m_tagPositionsInBytecode[0] = ret.bytecode.size();
 
 		switch (i.type())
 		{
@@ -446,7 +488,7 @@ LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
 		case PushTag:
 		{
 			ret.bytecode.push_back(tagPush);
-			tagRef[ret.bytecode.size()] = (unsigned)i.data();
+			tagRef[ret.bytecode.size()] = i.splitForeignPushTag();
 			ret.bytecode.resize(ret.bytecode.size() + bytesPerTag);
 			break;
 		}
@@ -462,7 +504,7 @@ LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
 			break;
 		case PushSubSize:
 		{
-			auto s = m_subs.at(size_t(i.data())).assemble().bytecode.size();
+			auto s = m_subs.at(size_t(i.data()))->assemble().bytecode.size();
 			i.setPushedValue(u256(s));
 			byte b = max<unsigned>(1, dev::bytesRequired(s));
 			ret.bytecode.push_back((byte)Instruction::PUSH1 - 1 + b);
@@ -484,25 +526,16 @@ LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
 			ret.bytecode.resize(ret.bytecode.size() + 20);
 			break;
 		case Tag:
-			tagPos[(unsigned)i.data()] = ret.bytecode.size();
 			assertThrow(i.data() != 0, AssemblyException, "");
+			assertThrow(i.splitForeignPushTag().first == size_t(-1), AssemblyException, "Foreign tag.");
+			assertThrow(ret.bytecode.size() < 0xffffffffL, AssemblyException, "Tag too large.");
+			m_tagPositionsInBytecode[size_t(i.data())] = ret.bytecode.size();
 			ret.bytecode.push_back((byte)Instruction::JUMPDEST);
 			break;
 		default:
 			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidOpcode());
 		}
 	}
-	for (auto const& i: tagRef)
-	{
-		bytesRef r(ret.bytecode.data() + i.first, bytesPerTag);
-		auto tag = i.second;
-		if (tag >= tagPos.size())
-			tag = 0;
-		if (tag == 0)
-			assertThrow(tagPos[tag] != 0, AssemblyException, "");
-
-		toBigEndian(tagPos[tag], r);
-	}
 
 	if (!dataRef.empty() && !subRef.empty())
 		ret.bytecode.push_back(0);
@@ -516,7 +549,24 @@ LinkerObject const& Assembly::assemble() const
 			bytesRef r(ret.bytecode.data() + ref->second, bytesPerDataRef);
 			toBigEndian(ret.bytecode.size(), r);
 		}
-		ret.append(m_subs[i].assemble());
+		ret.append(m_subs[i]->assemble());
+	}
+	for (auto const& i: tagRef)
+	{
+		size_t subId;
+		size_t tagId;
+		tie(subId, tagId) = i.second;
+		assertThrow(subId == size_t(-1) || subId < m_subs.size(), AssemblyException, "Invalid sub id");
+		std::vector<size_t> const& tagPositions =
+			subId == size_t(-1) ?
+			m_tagPositionsInBytecode :
+			m_subs[subId]->m_tagPositionsInBytecode;
+		assertThrow(tagId < tagPositions.size(), AssemblyException, "Reference to non-existing tag.");
+		size_t pos = tagPositions[tagId];
+		assertThrow(pos != size_t(-1), AssemblyException, "Reference to tag without position.");
+		assertThrow(dev::bytesRequired(pos) <= bytesPerTag, AssemblyException, "Tag too large for reserved space.");
+		bytesRef r(ret.bytecode.data() + i.first, bytesPerTag);
+		toBigEndian(pos, r);
 	}
 	for (auto const& dataItem: m_data)
 	{

libevmasm/Assembly.h

@@ -14,30 +14,32 @@
 	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
-/** @file Assembly.h
- * @author Gav Wood <i@gavwood.com>
- * @date 2014
- */
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <iostream>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
-#include <libdevcore/Assertions.h>
-#include <libdevcore/SHA3.h>
 #include <libevmasm/Instruction.h>
 #include <libevmasm/SourceLocation.h>
 #include <libevmasm/AssemblyItem.h>
 #include <libevmasm/LinkerObject.h>
-#include "Exceptions.h"
+#include <libevmasm/Exceptions.h>
+
+#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
+#include <libdevcore/Assertions.h>
+#include <libdevcore/SHA3.h>
+
 #include <json/json.h>
 
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <memory>
+
 namespace dev
 {
 namespace eth
 {
 
+using AssemblyPointer = std::shared_ptr<Assembly>;
+
 class Assembly
 {
 public:
@@ -46,20 +48,18 @@ public:
 	AssemblyItem newTag() { return AssemblyItem(Tag, m_usedTags++); }
 	AssemblyItem newPushTag() { return AssemblyItem(PushTag, m_usedTags++); }
 	AssemblyItem newData(bytes const& _data) { h256 h(dev::keccak256(asString(_data))); m_data[h] = _data; return AssemblyItem(PushData, h); }
-	AssemblyItem newSub(Assembly const& _sub) { m_subs.push_back(_sub); return AssemblyItem(PushSub, m_subs.size() - 1); }
+	AssemblyItem newSub(AssemblyPointer const& _sub) { m_subs.push_back(_sub); return AssemblyItem(PushSub, m_subs.size() - 1); }
-	Assembly const& sub(size_t _sub) const { return m_subs.at(_sub); }
+	Assembly const& sub(size_t _sub) const { return *m_subs.at(_sub); }
-	Assembly& sub(size_t _sub) { return m_subs.at(_sub); }
+	Assembly& sub(size_t _sub) { return *m_subs.at(_sub); }
 	AssemblyItem newPushString(std::string const& _data) { h256 h(dev::keccak256(_data)); m_strings[h] = _data; return AssemblyItem(PushString, h); }
 	AssemblyItem newPushSubSize(u256 const& _subId) { return AssemblyItem(PushSubSize, _subId); }
 	AssemblyItem newPushLibraryAddress(std::string const& _identifier);
 
-	AssemblyItem append() { return append(newTag()); }
 	void append(Assembly const& _a);
 	void append(Assembly const& _a, int _deposit);
 	AssemblyItem const& append(AssemblyItem const& _i);
 	AssemblyItem const& append(std::string const& _data) { return append(newPushString(_data)); }
 	AssemblyItem const& append(bytes const& _data) { return append(newData(_data)); }
-	AssemblyItem appendSubSize(Assembly const& _a) { auto ret = newSub(_a); append(newPushSubSize(ret.data())); return ret; }
 	/// Pushes the final size of the current assembly itself. Use this when the code is modified
 	/// after compilation and CODESIZE is not an option.
 	void appendProgramSize() { append(AssemblyItem(PushProgramSize)); }
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ public:
 	/// execution gas usage is optimised. @a _isCreation should be true for the top-level assembly.
 	/// @a _runs specifes an estimate on how often each opcode in this assembly will be executed,
 	/// i.e. use a small value to optimise for size and a large value to optimise for runtime.
+	/// If @a _enable is not set, will perform some simple peephole optimizations.
 	Assembly& optimise(bool _enable, bool _isCreation = true, size_t _runs = 200);
 	Json::Value stream(
 		std::ostream& _out,
@@ -110,9 +111,13 @@ public:
 	) const;
 
 protected:
+	/// Does the same operations as @a optimise, but should only be applied to a sub and
+	/// returns the replaced tags.
+	std::map<u256, u256> optimiseInternal(bool _enable, bool _isCreation, size_t _runs);
+
 	std::string locationFromSources(StringMap const& _sourceCodes, SourceLocation const& _location) const;
 	void donePath() { if (m_totalDeposit != INT_MAX && m_totalDeposit != m_deposit) BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InvalidDeposit()); }
-	unsigned bytesRequired() const;
+	unsigned bytesRequired(unsigned subTagSize) const;
 
 private:
 	Json::Value streamAsmJson(std::ostream& _out, StringMap const& _sourceCodes) const;
@@ -124,11 +129,12 @@ protected:
 	unsigned m_usedTags = 1;
 	AssemblyItems m_items;
 	std::map<h256, bytes> m_data;
-	std::vector<Assembly> m_subs;
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Assembly>> m_subs;
 	std::map<h256, std::string> m_strings;
 	std::map<h256, std::string> m_libraries; ///< Identifiers of libraries to be linked.
 
 	mutable LinkerObject m_assembledObject;
+	mutable std::vector<size_t> m_tagPositionsInBytecode;
 
 	int m_deposit = 0;
 	int m_baseDeposit = 0;

libevmasm/AssemblyItem.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,29 @@ using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::eth;
 
+AssemblyItem AssemblyItem::toSubAssemblyTag(size_t _subId) const
+{
+	assertThrow(m_data < (u256(1) << 64), Exception, "Tag already has subassembly set.");
+
+	assertThrow(m_type == PushTag || m_type == Tag, Exception, "");
+	AssemblyItem r = *this;
+	r.m_type = PushTag;
+	r.setPushTagSubIdAndTag(_subId, size_t(m_data));
+	return r;
+}
+
+pair<size_t, size_t> AssemblyItem::splitForeignPushTag() const
+{
+	assertThrow(m_type == PushTag || m_type == Tag, Exception, "");
+	return make_pair(size_t(m_data / (u256(1) << 64)) - 1, size_t(m_data));
+}
+
+void AssemblyItem::setPushTagSubIdAndTag(size_t _subId, size_t _tag)
+{
+	assertThrow(m_type == PushTag || m_type == Tag, Exception, "");
+	setData(_tag + (u256(_subId + 1) << 64));
+}
+
 unsigned AssemblyItem::bytesRequired(unsigned _addressLength) const
 {
 	switch (m_type)
@@ -104,8 +127,14 @@ ostream& dev::eth::operator<<(ostream& _out, AssemblyItem const& _item)
 		_out << " PushString"  << hex << (unsigned)_item.data();
 		break;
 	case PushTag:
-		_out << " PushTag " << _item.data();
+	{
+		size_t subId = _item.splitForeignPushTag().first;
+		if (subId == size_t(-1))
+			_out << " PushTag " << _item.splitForeignPushTag().second;
+		else
+			_out << " PushTag " << subId << ":" << _item.splitForeignPushTag().second;
 		break;
+	}
 	case Tag:
 		_out << " Tag " << _item.data();
 		break;
@@ -113,10 +142,10 @@ ostream& dev::eth::operator<<(ostream& _out, AssemblyItem const& _item)
 		_out << " PushData " << hex << (unsigned)_item.data();
 		break;
 	case PushSub:
-		_out << " PushSub " << hex << h256(_item.data()).abridgedMiddle();
+		_out << " PushSub " << hex << size_t(_item.data());
 		break;
 	case PushSubSize:
-		_out << " PushSubSize " << hex << h256(_item.data()).abridgedMiddle();
+		_out << " PushSubSize " << hex << size_t(_item.data());
 		break;
 	case PushProgramSize:
 		_out << " PushProgramSize";

libevmasm/AssemblyItem.h

@@ -69,6 +69,14 @@ public:
 
 	AssemblyItem tag() const { assertThrow(m_type == PushTag || m_type == Tag, Exception, ""); return AssemblyItem(Tag, m_data); }
 	AssemblyItem pushTag() const { assertThrow(m_type == PushTag || m_type == Tag, Exception, ""); return AssemblyItem(PushTag, m_data); }
+	/// Converts the tag to a subassembly tag. This has to be called in order to move a tag across assemblies.
+	/// @param _subId the identifier of the subassembly the tag is taken from.
+	AssemblyItem toSubAssemblyTag(size_t _subId) const;
+	/// @returns splits the data of the push tag into sub assembly id and actual tag id.
+	/// The sub assembly id of non-foreign push tags is -1.
+	std::pair<size_t, size_t> splitForeignPushTag() const;
+	/// Sets sub-assembly part and tag for a push tag.
+	void setPushTagSubIdAndTag(size_t _subId, size_t _tag);
 
 	AssemblyItemType type() const { return m_type; }
 	u256 const& data() const { return m_data; }

libevmasm/BlockDeduplicator.cpp

@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ bool BlockDeduplicator::deduplicate()
 	{
 		//@todo this should probably be optimized.
 		set<size_t, function<bool(size_t, size_t)>> blocksSeen(comparator);
-		map<u256, u256> tagReplacement;
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < m_items.size(); ++i)
 		{
 			if (m_items.at(i).type() != Tag)
@@ -86,22 +85,40 @@ bool BlockDeduplicator::deduplicate()
 			if (it == blocksSeen.end())
 				blocksSeen.insert(i);
 			else
-				tagReplacement[m_items.at(i).data()] = m_items.at(*it).data();
+				m_replacedTags[m_items.at(i).data()] = m_items.at(*it).data();
 		}
 
-		bool changed = false;
+		if (!applyTagReplacement(m_items, m_replacedTags))
-		for (AssemblyItem& item: m_items)
-			if (item.type() == PushTag && tagReplacement.count(item.data()))
-			{
-				changed = true;
-				item.setData(tagReplacement.at(item.data()));
-			}
-		if (!changed)
 			break;
 	}
 	return iterations > 0;
 }
 
+bool BlockDeduplicator::applyTagReplacement(
+	AssemblyItems& _items,
+	map<u256, u256> const& _replacements,
+	size_t _subId
+)
+{
+	bool changed = false;
+	for (AssemblyItem& item: _items)
+		if (item.type() == PushTag)
+		{
+			size_t subId;
+			size_t tagId;
+			tie(subId, tagId) = item.splitForeignPushTag();
+			if (subId != _subId)
+				continue;
+			auto it = _replacements.find(tagId);
+			if (it != _replacements.end())
+			{
+				changed = true;
+				item.setPushTagSubIdAndTag(subId, size_t(it->second));
+			}
+		}
+	return changed;
+}
+
 BlockDeduplicator::BlockIterator& BlockDeduplicator::BlockIterator::operator++()
 {
 	if (it == end)

libevmasm/BlockDeduplicator.h

@@ -23,9 +23,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <libdevcore/Common.h>
+
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <vector>
 #include <functional>
+#include <map>
 
 namespace dev
 {
@@ -45,6 +48,18 @@ public:
 	BlockDeduplicator(AssemblyItems& _items): m_items(_items) {}
 	/// @returns true if something was changed
 	bool deduplicate();
+	/// @returns the tags that were replaced.
+	std::map<u256, u256> const& replacedTags() const { return m_replacedTags; }
+
+	/// Replaces all PushTag operations insied @a _items that match a key in
+	/// @a _replacements by the respective value. If @a _subID is not -1, only
+	/// apply the replacement for foreign tags from this sub id.
+	/// @returns true iff a replacement was performed.
+	static bool applyTagReplacement(
+		AssemblyItems& _items,
+		std::map<u256, u256> const& _replacements,
+		size_t _subID = size_t(-1)
+	);
 
 private:
 	/// Iterator that skips tags and skips to the end if (all branches of) the control
@@ -70,6 +85,7 @@ private:
 		AssemblyItem const* replaceWith;
 	};
 
+	std::map<u256, u256> m_replacedTags;
 	AssemblyItems& m_items;
 };
 

libevmasm/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ file(GLOB HEADERS "*.h")
 
 include_directories(BEFORE ..)
 add_library(${EXECUTABLE} ${SRC_LIST} ${HEADERS})
-eth_use(${EXECUTABLE} REQUIRED Jsoncpp Dev::soldevcore)
+eth_use(${EXECUTABLE} REQUIRED Dev::soldevcore)
+target_link_libraries(${EXECUTABLE} jsoncpp)
 
 install( TARGETS ${EXECUTABLE} RUNTIME DESTINATION bin ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib LIBRARY DESTINATION lib )

libevmasm/ControlFlowGraph.h

@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ struct BasicBlock
 
 using BasicBlocks = std::vector<BasicBlock>;
 
+/**
+ * Control flow graph optimizer.
+ * ASSUMES THAT WE ONLY JUMP TO TAGS THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY PUSHED. THIS IS NOT TRUE ANYMORE
+ * NOW THAT FUNCTION TAGS CAN BE STORED IN STORAGE.
+ */
 class ControlFlowGraph
 {
 public:

libevmasm/GasMeter.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ GasMeter::GasConsumption& GasMeter::GasConsumption::operator+=(GasConsumption co
 	return *this;
 }
 
-GasMeter::GasConsumption GasMeter::estimateMax(AssemblyItem const& _item)
+GasMeter::GasConsumption GasMeter::estimateMax(AssemblyItem const& _item, bool _includeExternalCosts)
 {
 	GasConsumption gas;
 	switch (_item.type())
@@ -128,23 +128,35 @@ GasMeter::GasConsumption GasMeter::estimateMax(AssemblyItem const& _item)
 		case Instruction::CALLCODE:
 		case Instruction::DELEGATECALL:
 		{
-			gas = GasCosts::callGas;
+			if (_includeExternalCosts)
-			if (u256 const* value = classes.knownConstant(m_state->relativeStackElement(0)))
+				// We assume that we do not know the target contract and thus, the consumption is infinite.
-				gas += (*value);
-			else
 				gas = GasConsumption::infinite();
-			if (_item.instruction() == Instruction::CALL)
+			else
-				gas += GasCosts::callNewAccountGas; // We very rarely know whether the address exists.
+			{
-			int valueSize = _item.instruction() == Instruction::DELEGATECALL ? 0 : 1;
+				gas = GasCosts::callGas;
-			if (!classes.knownZero(m_state->relativeStackElement(-1 - valueSize)))
+				if (u256 const* value = classes.knownConstant(m_state->relativeStackElement(0)))
-				gas += GasCosts::callValueTransferGas;
+					gas += (*value);
-			gas += memoryGas(-2 - valueSize, -3 - valueSize);
+				else
-			gas += memoryGas(-4 - valueSize, -5 - valueSize);
+					gas = GasConsumption::infinite();
+				if (_item.instruction() == Instruction::CALL)
+					gas += GasCosts::callNewAccountGas; // We very rarely know whether the address exists.
+				int valueSize = _item.instruction() == Instruction::DELEGATECALL ? 0 : 1;
+				if (!classes.knownZero(m_state->relativeStackElement(-1 - valueSize)))
+					gas += GasCosts::callValueTransferGas;
+				gas += memoryGas(-2 - valueSize, -3 - valueSize);
+				gas += memoryGas(-4 - valueSize, -5 - valueSize);
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		case Instruction::CREATE:
-			gas = GasCosts::createGas;
+			if (_includeExternalCosts)
-			gas += memoryGas(-1, -2);
+				// We assume that we do not know the target contract and thus, the consumption is infinite.
+				gas = GasConsumption::infinite();
+			else
+			{
+				gas = GasCosts::createGas;
+				gas += memoryGas(-1, -2);
+			}
 			break;
 		case Instruction::EXP:
 			gas = GasCosts::expGas;

libevmasm/GasMeter.h

@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ public:
 
 	/// @returns an upper bound on the gas consumed by the given instruction and updates
 	/// the state.
-	GasConsumption estimateMax(AssemblyItem const& _item);
+	/// @param _inculdeExternalCosts if true, include costs caused by other contracts in calls.
+	GasConsumption estimateMax(AssemblyItem const& _item, bool _includeExternalCosts = true);
 
 	u256 const& largestMemoryAccess() const { return m_largestMemoryAccess; }
 

libevmasm/PeepholeOptimiser.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+/*
+	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/**
+ * @file PeepholeOptimiser.h
+ * Performs local optimising code changes to assembly.
+ */
+
+#include "PeepholeOptimiser.h"
+
+#include <libevmasm/AssemblyItem.h>
+#include <libevmasm/SemanticInformation.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace dev::eth;
+using namespace dev;
+
+// TODO: Extend this to use the tools from ExpressionClasses.cpp
+
+struct Identity
+{
+	static size_t windowSize() { return 1; }
+	static bool apply(AssemblyItems::const_iterator _in, std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems> _out)
+	{
+		*_out = *_in;
+		return true;
+	}
+};
+
+struct PushPop
+{
+	static size_t windowSize() { return 2; }
+	static bool apply(AssemblyItems::const_iterator _in, std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems>)
+	{
+		auto t = _in[0].type();
+		if (_in[1] == Instruction::POP && (
+			SemanticInformation::isDupInstruction(_in[0]) ||
+			t == Push || t == PushString || t == PushTag || t == PushSub ||
+			t == PushSubSize || t == PushProgramSize || t == PushData || t == PushLibraryAddress
+		))
+			return true;
+		else
+			return false;
+	}
+};
+
+struct DoubleSwap
+{
+	static size_t windowSize() { return 2; }
+	static bool apply(AssemblyItems::const_iterator _in, std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems>)
+	{
+		if (_in[0] == _in[1] && SemanticInformation::isSwapInstruction(_in[0]))
+			return true;
+		else
+			return false;
+	}
+};
+
+struct JumpToNext
+{
+	static size_t windowSize() { return 3; }
+	static bool apply(AssemblyItems::const_iterator _in, std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems> _out)
+	{
+		if (
+			_in[0].type() == PushTag &&
+			(_in[1] == Instruction::JUMP || _in[1] == Instruction::JUMPI) &&
+			_in[2].type() == Tag &&
+			_in[0].data() == _in[2].data()
+		)
+		{
+			if (_in[1] == Instruction::JUMPI)
+				*_out = AssemblyItem(Instruction::POP, _in[1].location());
+			*_out = _in[2];
+			return true;
+		}
+		else
+			return false;
+	}
+};
+
+struct TagConjunctions
+{
+	static size_t windowSize() { return 3; }
+	static bool apply(AssemblyItems::const_iterator _in, std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems> _out)
+	{
+		if (
+			_in[0].type() == PushTag &&
+			_in[2] == Instruction::AND &&
+			_in[1].type() == Push &&
+			(_in[1].data() & u256(0xFFFFFFFF)) == u256(0xFFFFFFFF)
+		)
+		{
+			*_out = _in[0];
+			return true;
+		}
+		else
+			return false;
+	}
+};
+
+struct OptimiserState
+{
+	AssemblyItems const& items;
+	size_t i;
+	std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems> out;
+};
+
+void applyMethods(OptimiserState&)
+{
+	assertThrow(false, OptimizerException, "Peephole optimizer failed to apply identity.");
+}
+
+template <typename Method, typename... OtherMethods>
+void applyMethods(OptimiserState& _state, Method, OtherMethods... _other)
+{
+	if (_state.i + Method::windowSize() <= _state.items.size() && Method::apply(_state.items.begin() + _state.i, _state.out))
+		_state.i += Method::windowSize();
+	else
+		applyMethods(_state, _other...);
+}
+
+bool PeepholeOptimiser::optimise()
+{
+	OptimiserState state {m_items, 0, std::back_inserter(m_optimisedItems)};
+	while (state.i < m_items.size())
+		applyMethods(state, PushPop(), DoubleSwap(), JumpToNext(), TagConjunctions(), Identity());
+	if (m_optimisedItems.size() < m_items.size())
+	{
+		m_items = std::move(m_optimisedItems);
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
+		return false;
+
+}

libevmasm/PeepholeOptimiser.h

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/**
+ * @file PeepholeOptimiser.h
+ * Performs local optimising code changes to assembly.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace dev
+{
+namespace eth
+{
+class AssemblyItem;
+using AssemblyItems = std::vector<AssemblyItem>;
+
+class PeepholeOptimisationMethod
+{
+public:
+	virtual size_t windowSize() const;
+	virtual bool apply(AssemblyItems::const_iterator _in, std::back_insert_iterator<AssemblyItems> _out);
+};
+
+class PeepholeOptimiser
+{
+public:
+	explicit PeepholeOptimiser(AssemblyItems& _items): m_items(_items) {}
+
+	bool optimise();
+
+private:
+	AssemblyItems& m_items;
+	AssemblyItems m_optimisedItems;
+};
+
+}
+}

libevmasm/SourceLocation.h

@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ struct SourceLocation
 		return *this;
 	}
 
-	bool operator==(SourceLocation const& _other) const { return start == _other.start && end == _other.end;}
+	bool operator==(SourceLocation const& _other) const
+	{
+		return start == _other.start && end == _other.end &&
+			((!sourceName && !_other.sourceName) || (sourceName && _other.sourceName && *sourceName == *_other.sourceName));
+	}
 	bool operator!=(SourceLocation const& _other) const { return !operator==(_other); }
 	inline bool operator<(SourceLocation const& _other) const;
 	inline bool contains(SourceLocation const& _other) const;
@@ -79,20 +83,21 @@ inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& _out, SourceLocation const& _locat
 bool SourceLocation::operator<(SourceLocation const& _other) const
 {
 	if (!sourceName || !_other.sourceName)
-		return int(!!sourceName) < int(!!_other.sourceName);
+		return std::make_tuple(int(!!sourceName), start, end) < std::make_tuple(int(!!_other.sourceName), _other.start, _other.end);
-	return make_tuple(*sourceName, start, end) < make_tuple(*_other.sourceName, _other.start, _other.end);
+	else
+		return std::make_tuple(*sourceName, start, end) < std::make_tuple(*_other.sourceName, _other.start, _other.end);
 }
 
 bool SourceLocation::contains(SourceLocation const& _other) const
 {
-	if (isEmpty() || _other.isEmpty() || !sourceName || !_other.sourceName || *sourceName != *_other.sourceName)
+	if (isEmpty() || _other.isEmpty() || ((!sourceName || !_other.sourceName || *sourceName != *_other.sourceName) && (sourceName || _other.sourceName)))
 		return false;
 	return start <= _other.start && _other.end <= end;
 }
 
 bool SourceLocation::intersects(SourceLocation const& _other) const
 {
-	if (isEmpty() || _other.isEmpty() || !sourceName || !_other.sourceName || *sourceName != *_other.sourceName)
+	if (isEmpty() || _other.isEmpty() || ((!sourceName || !_other.sourceName || *sourceName != *_other.sourceName) && (sourceName || _other.sourceName)))
 		return false;
 	return _other.start < end && start < _other.end;
 }

liblll/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DSTATICLIB")
 
 aux_source_directory(. SRC_LIST)
 
-#include_directories(BEFORE ${JSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-#include_directories(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-
 set(EXECUTABLE lll)
 
 file(GLOB HEADERS "*.h")

liblll/CodeFragment.cpp

@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
 using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::eth;
-namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
-namespace px = boost::phoenix;
-namespace sp = boost::spirit;
 
 void CodeFragment::finalise(CompilerState const& _cs)
 {
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ CodeFragment::CodeFragment(sp::utree const& _t, CompilerState& _s, bool _allowAS
 			m_asm.append(_s.args.at(s).m_asm);
 		else if (_s.outers.count(s))
 			m_asm.append(_s.outers.at(s).m_asm);
-		else if (us.find_first_of("1234567890") != 0 && us.find_first_not_of("QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM1234567890_") == string::npos)
+		else if (us.find_first_of("1234567890") != 0 && us.find_first_not_of("QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM1234567890_-") == string::npos)
 		{
 			auto it = _s.vars.find(s);
 			if (it == _s.vars.end())
@@ -477,7 +474,7 @@ void CodeFragment::constructOperation(sp::utree const& _t, CompilerState& _s)
 			requireSize(2);
 			requireDeposit(0, 1);
 
-			auto begin = m_asm.append();
+			auto begin = m_asm.append(m_asm.newTag());
 			m_asm.append(code[0].m_asm);
 			if (us == "WHILE")
 				m_asm.append(Instruction::ISZERO);
@@ -492,7 +489,7 @@ void CodeFragment::constructOperation(sp::utree const& _t, CompilerState& _s)
 			requireDeposit(1, 1);
 
 			m_asm.append(code[0].m_asm, 0);
-			auto begin = m_asm.append();
+			auto begin = m_asm.append(m_asm.newTag());
 			m_asm.append(code[1].m_asm);
 			m_asm.append(Instruction::ISZERO);
 			auto end = m_asm.appendJumpI();
@@ -523,7 +520,8 @@ void CodeFragment::constructOperation(sp::utree const& _t, CompilerState& _s)
 			requireMaxSize(3);
 			requireDeposit(1, 1);
 
-			auto subPush = m_asm.appendSubSize(code[0].assembly(ns));
+			auto subPush = m_asm.newSub(make_shared<Assembly>(code[0].assembly(ns)));
+			m_asm.append(m_asm.newPushSubSize(subPush.data()));
 			m_asm.append(Instruction::DUP1);
 			if (code.size() == 3)
 			{
@@ -584,10 +582,14 @@ void CodeFragment::constructOperation(sp::utree const& _t, CompilerState& _s)
 		{
 			m_asm.appendJump(m_asm.errorTag());
 		}
-		else if (us.find_first_of("1234567890") != 0 && us.find_first_not_of("QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM1234567890_") == string::npos)
+		else if (us == "BYTECODESIZE")
+		{
+			m_asm.appendProgramSize();
+		}
+		else if (us.find_first_of("1234567890") != 0 && us.find_first_not_of("QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM1234567890_-") == string::npos)
 			m_asm.append((u256)varAddress(s));
 		else
-			error<InvalidOperation>();
+			error<InvalidOperation>("Unsupported keyword: '" + us + "'");
 	}
 }
 

liblll/CodeFragment.h

@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ private:
 	void finalise(CompilerState const& _cs);
 
 	template <class T> void error() const { BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(T() ); }
+	template <class T> void error(std::string const& reason) const {
+		auto err = T();
+		err << errinfo_comment(reason);
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(err);
+	}
 	void constructOperation(sp::utree const& _t, CompilerState& _s);
 
 	bool m_finalised = false;

liblll/Compiler.cpp

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ bytes dev::eth::compileLLL(string const& _src, bool _opt, vector<string>* _error
 	{
 		CompilerState cs;
 		cs.populateStandard();
-		auto f = CodeFragment::compile(_src, cs);
+		bytes ret = CodeFragment::compile(_src, cs).assembly(cs).optimise(_opt).assemble().bytecode;
-		bytes ret = f.assembly(cs).optimise(_opt).assemble().bytecode;
 		for (auto i: cs.treesToKill)
 			killBigints(i);
 		return ret;
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ bytes dev::eth::compileLLL(string const& _src, bool _opt, vector<string>* _error
 	catch (...)
 	{
 		if (_errors)
-			_errors->push_back("Internal parse exception.");
+			_errors->push_back("Internal compiler exception.");
 	}
 	return bytes();
 }
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ std::string dev::eth::compileLLLToAsm(std::string const& _src, bool _opt, std::v
 	catch (...)
 	{
 		if (_errors)
-			_errors->push_back("Internal parse exception.");
+			_errors->push_back("Internal compiler exception.");
 	}
 	return string();
 }

liblll/Parser.cpp

@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ void dev::eth::parseTreeLLL(string const& _s, sp::utree& o_out)
 	qi::rule<it, string()> strsh = '\'' > qi::lexeme[+(~qi::char_(std::string(" ;$@()[]{}:\n\t") + '\0'))];
 	qi::rule<it, symbol_type()> symbol = qi::lexeme[+(~qi::char_(std::string(" $@[]{}:();\"\x01-\x1f\x7f") + '\0'))];
 	qi::rule<it, string()> intstr = qi::lexeme[ qi::no_case["0x"][qi::_val = "0x"] >> *qi::char_("0-9a-fA-F")[qi::_val += qi::_1]] | qi::lexeme[+qi::char_("0-9")[qi::_val += qi::_1]];
-	qi::rule<it, bigint()> integer = intstr;
+	qi::rule<it, sp::utree()> integer = intstr[qi::_val = px::construct<sp::any_ptr>(px::new_<bigint>(qi::_1))];
-	qi::rule<it, space_type, sp::utree()> atom = integer[qi::_val = px::construct<sp::any_ptr>(px::new_<bigint>(qi::_1))] | (str | strsh)[qi::_val = qi::_1] | symbol[qi::_val = qi::_1];
+	qi::rule<it, space_type, sp::utree()> atom = integer[qi::_val = qi::_1] | (str | strsh)[qi::_val = qi::_1] | symbol[qi::_val = qi::_1];
 	qi::rule<it, space_type, sp::utree::list_type()> seq = '{' > *element > '}';
 	qi::rule<it, space_type, sp::utree::list_type()> mload = '@' > element;
 	qi::rule<it, space_type, sp::utree::list_type()> sload = qi::lit("@@") > element;
@@ -135,10 +135,19 @@ void dev::eth::parseTreeLLL(string const& _s, sp::utree& o_out)
 			s.push_back(i);
 	}
 	auto ret = s.cbegin();
-	qi::phrase_parse(ret, s.cend(), element, space, qi::skip_flag::dont_postskip, o_out);
+	try
+	{
+		qi::phrase_parse(ret, s.cend(), element, space, qi::skip_flag::dont_postskip, o_out);
+	}
+	catch (qi::expectation_failure<it> const& e)
+	{
+		std::string fragment(e.first, e.last);
+		std::string loc = std::to_string(std::distance(s.cbegin(), e.first) - 1);
+		std::string reason("Lexer failure at " + loc + ": '" + fragment + "'");
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(ParserException() << errinfo_comment(reason));
+	}
 	for (auto i = ret; i != s.cend(); ++i)
 		if (!isspace(*i)) {
 			BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(ParserException() << errinfo_comment("Non-whitespace left in parser"));
 		}
 }
-

libsolidity/analysis/ReferencesResolver.cpp

@@ -83,6 +83,31 @@ void ReferencesResolver::endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _typeName)
 		fatalTypeError(_typeName.location(), "Name has to refer to a struct, enum or contract.");
 }
 
+void ReferencesResolver::endVisit(FunctionTypeName const& _typeName)
+{
+	switch (_typeName.visibility())
+	{
+	case VariableDeclaration::Visibility::Default:
+	case VariableDeclaration::Visibility::Internal:
+	case VariableDeclaration::Visibility::External:
+		break;
+	default:
+		typeError(_typeName.location(), "Invalid visibility, can only be \"external\" or \"internal\".");
+	}
+
+	if (_typeName.isPayable() && _typeName.visibility() != VariableDeclaration::Visibility::External)
+		fatalTypeError(_typeName.location(), "Only external function types can be payable.");
+	if (_typeName.visibility() == VariableDeclaration::Visibility::External)
+		for (auto const& t: _typeName.parameterTypes() + _typeName.returnParameterTypes())
+		{
+			solAssert(t->annotation().type, "Type not set for parameter.");
+			if (!t->annotation().type->canBeUsedExternally(false))
+				fatalTypeError(t->location(), "Internal type cannot be used for external function type.");
+		}
+
+	_typeName.annotation().type = make_shared<FunctionType>(_typeName);
+}
+
 void ReferencesResolver::endVisit(Mapping const& _typeName)
 {
 	TypePointer keyType = _typeName.keyType().annotation().type;

libsolidity/analysis/ReferencesResolver.h

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ private:
 	virtual bool visit(Identifier const& _identifier) override;
 	virtual bool visit(ElementaryTypeName const& _typeName) override;
 	virtual void endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _typeName) override;
+	virtual void endVisit(FunctionTypeName const& _typeName) override;
 	virtual void endVisit(Mapping const& _typeName) override;
 	virtual void endVisit(ArrayTypeName const& _typeName) override;
 	virtual bool visit(InlineAssembly const& _inlineAssembly) override;

libsolidity/analysis/TypeChecker.cpp

@@ -574,6 +574,14 @@ bool TypeChecker::visit(EventDefinition const& _eventDef)
 	return false;
 }
 
+void TypeChecker::endVisit(FunctionTypeName const& _funType)
+{
+	FunctionType const& fun = dynamic_cast<FunctionType const&>(*_funType.annotation().type);
+	if (fun.location() == FunctionType::Location::External)
+		if (!fun.canBeUsedExternally(false))
+			typeError(_funType.location(), "External function type uses internal types.");
+}
+
 bool TypeChecker::visit(InlineAssembly const& _inlineAssembly)
 {
 	// Inline assembly does not have its own type-checking phase, so we just run the
@@ -996,9 +1004,9 @@ bool TypeChecker::visit(TupleExpression const& _tuple)
 						fatalTypeError(components[i]->location(), "Invalid mobile type.");
 
 					if (i == 0)
-						inlineArrayType = types[i]->mobileType();
+						inlineArrayType = types[i];
 					else if (inlineArrayType)
-						inlineArrayType = Type::commonType(inlineArrayType, types[i]->mobileType());
+						inlineArrayType = Type::commonType(inlineArrayType, types[i]);
 				}
 			}
 			else

libsolidity/analysis/TypeChecker.h

@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ private:
 	/// case this is a base constructor call.
 	void visitManually(ModifierInvocation const& _modifier, std::vector<ContractDefinition const*> const& _bases);
 	virtual bool visit(EventDefinition const& _eventDef) override;
+	virtual void endVisit(FunctionTypeName const& _funType) override;
 	virtual bool visit(InlineAssembly const& _inlineAssembly) override;
 	virtual bool visit(IfStatement const& _ifStatement) override;
 	virtual bool visit(WhileStatement const& _whileStatement) override;

libsolidity/ast/AST.cpp

@@ -160,22 +160,22 @@ vector<pair<FixedHash<4>, FunctionTypePointer>> const& ContractDefinition::inter
 	return *m_interfaceFunctionList;
 }
 
-string const& ContractDefinition::devDocumentation() const
+Json::Value const& ContractDefinition::devDocumentation() const
 {
 	return m_devDocumentation;
 }
 
-string const& ContractDefinition::userDocumentation() const
+Json::Value const& ContractDefinition::userDocumentation() const
 {
 	return m_userDocumentation;
 }
 
-void ContractDefinition::setDevDocumentation(string const& _devDocumentation)
+void ContractDefinition::setDevDocumentation(Json::Value const& _devDocumentation)
 {
 	m_devDocumentation = _devDocumentation;
 }
 
-void ContractDefinition::setUserDocumentation(string const& _userDocumentation)
+void ContractDefinition::setUserDocumentation(Json::Value const& _userDocumentation)
 {
 	m_userDocumentation = _userDocumentation;
 }

libsolidity/ast/AST.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <libsolidity/ast/Types.h>
 #include <libsolidity/interface/Exceptions.h>
 #include <libsolidity/ast/ASTAnnotations.h>
+#include <json/json.h>
 
 namespace dev
 {
@@ -343,11 +344,11 @@ public:
 	/// Returns the fallback function or nullptr if no fallback function was specified.
 	FunctionDefinition const* fallbackFunction() const;
 
-	std::string const& userDocumentation() const;
+	Json::Value const& userDocumentation() const;
-	void setUserDocumentation(std::string const& _userDocumentation);
+	void setUserDocumentation(Json::Value const& _userDocumentation);
 
-	std::string const& devDocumentation() const;
+	Json::Value const& devDocumentation() const;
-	void setDevDocumentation(std::string const& _devDocumentation);
+	void setDevDocumentation(Json::Value const& _devDocumentation);
 
 	virtual TypePointer type() const override;
 
@@ -359,8 +360,8 @@ private:
 	bool m_isLibrary;
 
 	// parsed Natspec documentation of the contract.
-	std::string m_userDocumentation;
+	Json::Value m_userDocumentation;
-	std::string m_devDocumentation;
+	Json::Value m_devDocumentation;
 
 	std::vector<ContractDefinition const*> m_linearizedBaseContracts;
 	mutable std::unique_ptr<std::vector<std::pair<FixedHash<4>, FunctionTypePointer>>> m_interfaceFunctionList;
@@ -821,6 +822,41 @@ private:
 	std::vector<ASTString> m_namePath;
 };
 
+/**
+ * A literal function type. Its source form is "function (paramType1, paramType2) internal / external returns (retType1, retType2)"
+ */
+class FunctionTypeName: public TypeName
+{
+public:
+	FunctionTypeName(
+		SourceLocation const& _location,
+		ASTPointer<ParameterList> const& _parameterTypes,
+		ASTPointer<ParameterList> const& _returnTypes,
+		Declaration::Visibility _visibility,
+		bool _isDeclaredConst,
+		bool _isPayable
+	):
+		TypeName(_location), m_parameterTypes(_parameterTypes), m_returnTypes(_returnTypes),
+		m_visibility(_visibility), m_isDeclaredConst(_isDeclaredConst), m_isPayable(_isPayable)
+	{}
+	virtual void accept(ASTVisitor& _visitor) override;
+	virtual void accept(ASTConstVisitor& _visitor) const override;
+
+	std::vector<ASTPointer<VariableDeclaration>> const& parameterTypes() const { return m_parameterTypes->parameters(); }
+	std::vector<ASTPointer<VariableDeclaration>> const& returnParameterTypes() const { return m_returnTypes->parameters(); }
+
+	Declaration::Visibility visibility() const { return m_visibility; }
+	bool isDeclaredConst() const { return m_isDeclaredConst; }
+	bool isPayable() const { return m_isPayable; }
+
+private:
+	ASTPointer<ParameterList> m_parameterTypes;
+	ASTPointer<ParameterList> m_returnTypes;
+	Declaration::Visibility m_visibility;
+	bool m_isDeclaredConst;
+	bool m_isPayable;
+};
+
 /**
  * A mapping type. Its source form is "mapping('keyType' => 'valueType')"
  */
@@ -1005,18 +1041,22 @@ public:
 		SourceLocation const& _location,
 		ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString,
 		ASTPointer<Expression> const& _condition,
-		ASTPointer<Statement> const& _body
+		ASTPointer<Statement> const& _body,
+		bool _isDoWhile
 	):
-		BreakableStatement(_location, _docString), m_condition(_condition), m_body(_body) {}
+		BreakableStatement(_location, _docString), m_condition(_condition), m_body(_body),
+		m_isDoWhile(_isDoWhile) {}
 	virtual void accept(ASTVisitor& _visitor) override;
 	virtual void accept(ASTConstVisitor& _visitor) const override;
 
 	Expression const& condition() const { return *m_condition; }
 	Statement const& body() const { return *m_body; }
+	bool isDoWhile() const { return m_isDoWhile; }
 
 private:
 	ASTPointer<Expression> m_condition;
 	ASTPointer<Statement> m_body;
+	bool m_isDoWhile;
 };
 
 /**

libsolidity/ast/ASTForward.h

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class MagicVariableDeclaration;
 class TypeName;
 class ElementaryTypeName;
 class UserDefinedTypeName;
+class FunctionTypeName;
 class Mapping;
 class ArrayTypeName;
 class Statement;

libsolidity/ast/ASTJsonConverter.cpp

@@ -174,7 +174,8 @@ bool ASTJsonConverter::visit(FunctionDefinition const& _node)
 	addJsonNode(_node, "FunctionDefinition", {
 		make_pair("name", _node.name()),
 		make_pair("public", _node.isPublic()),
-		make_pair("constant", _node.isDeclaredConst())
+		make_pair("constant", _node.isDeclaredConst()),
+		make_pair("payable", _node.isPayable())
 	}, true);
 	return true;
 }
@@ -225,6 +226,20 @@ bool ASTJsonConverter::visit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _node)
 	return true;
 }
 
+bool ASTJsonConverter::visit(FunctionTypeName const& _node)
+{
+	string visibility = "internal";
+	if (_node.visibility() == Declaration::Visibility::External)
+		visibility = "external";
+
+	addJsonNode(_node, "FunctionTypeName", {
+		make_pair("payable", _node.isPayable()),
+		make_pair("visibility", visibility),
+		make_pair("constant", _node.isDeclaredConst())
+	}, true);
+	return true;
+}
+
 bool ASTJsonConverter::visit(Mapping const& _node)
 {
 	addJsonNode(_node, "Mapping", {}, true);
@@ -263,7 +278,11 @@ bool ASTJsonConverter::visit(IfStatement const& _node)
 
 bool ASTJsonConverter::visit(WhileStatement const& _node)
 {
-	addJsonNode(_node, "WhileStatement", {}, true);
+	addJsonNode(
+		_node,
+		_node.isDoWhile() ? "DoWhileStatement" : "WhileStatement",
+		{},
+		true);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -502,6 +521,11 @@ void ASTJsonConverter::endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const&)
 {
 }
 
+void ASTJsonConverter::endVisit(FunctionTypeName const&)
+{
+	goUp();
+}
+
 void ASTJsonConverter::endVisit(Mapping const&)
 {
 	goUp();

libsolidity/ast/ASTJsonConverter.h

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ public:
 	bool visit(TypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(ElementaryTypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _node) override;
+	bool visit(FunctionTypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(Mapping const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(ArrayTypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(InlineAssembly const& _node) override;
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ public:
 	void endVisit(TypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(ElementaryTypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const&) override;
+	void endVisit(FunctionTypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(Mapping const&) override;
 	void endVisit(ArrayTypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(InlineAssembly const&) override;

libsolidity/ast/ASTPrinter.cpp

@@ -164,6 +164,13 @@ bool ASTPrinter::visit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _node)
 	return goDeeper();
 }
 
+bool ASTPrinter::visit(FunctionTypeName const& _node)
+{
+	writeLine("FunctionTypeName");
+	printSourcePart(_node);
+	return goDeeper();
+}
+
 bool ASTPrinter::visit(Mapping const& _node)
 {
 	writeLine("Mapping");
@@ -208,7 +215,7 @@ bool ASTPrinter::visit(IfStatement const& _node)
 
 bool ASTPrinter::visit(WhileStatement const& _node)
 {
-	writeLine("WhileStatement");
+	writeLine(_node.isDoWhile() ? "DoWhileStatement" : "WhileStatement");
 	printSourcePart(_node);
 	return goDeeper();
 }
@@ -442,6 +449,11 @@ void ASTPrinter::endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const&)
 	m_indentation--;
 }
 
+void ASTPrinter::endVisit(FunctionTypeName const&)
+{
+	m_indentation--;
+}
+
 void ASTPrinter::endVisit(Mapping const&)
 {
 	m_indentation--;

libsolidity/ast/ASTPrinter.h

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ public:
 	bool visit(TypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(ElementaryTypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _node) override;
+	bool visit(FunctionTypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(Mapping const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(ArrayTypeName const& _node) override;
 	bool visit(InlineAssembly const& _node) override;
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ public:
 	void endVisit(TypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(ElementaryTypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const&) override;
+	void endVisit(FunctionTypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(Mapping const&) override;
 	void endVisit(ArrayTypeName const&) override;
 	void endVisit(InlineAssembly const&) override;

libsolidity/ast/ASTVisitor.h

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ public:
 	virtual bool visit(TypeName& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(ElementaryTypeName& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(UserDefinedTypeName& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
+	virtual bool visit(FunctionTypeName& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(Mapping& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(ArrayTypeName& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(InlineAssembly& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ public:
 	virtual void endVisit(TypeName& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(ElementaryTypeName& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
+	virtual void endVisit(FunctionTypeName& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(Mapping& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(ArrayTypeName& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(InlineAssembly& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
@@ -163,6 +165,7 @@ public:
 	virtual bool visit(TypeName const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(ElementaryTypeName const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
+	virtual bool visit(FunctionTypeName const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(Mapping const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(ArrayTypeName const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
 	virtual bool visit(Block const& _node) { return visitNode(_node); }
@@ -208,6 +211,7 @@ public:
 	virtual void endVisit(TypeName const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(ElementaryTypeName const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(UserDefinedTypeName const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
+	virtual void endVisit(FunctionTypeName const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(Mapping const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(ArrayTypeName const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }
 	virtual void endVisit(Block const& _node) { endVisitNode(_node); }

libsolidity/ast/AST_accept.h

@@ -327,6 +327,26 @@ void UserDefinedTypeName::accept(ASTConstVisitor& _visitor) const
 	_visitor.endVisit(*this);
 }
 
+void FunctionTypeName::accept(ASTVisitor& _visitor)
+{
+	if (_visitor.visit(*this))
+	{
+		m_parameterTypes->accept(_visitor);
+		m_returnTypes->accept(_visitor);
+	}
+	_visitor.endVisit(*this);
+}
+
+void FunctionTypeName::accept(ASTConstVisitor& _visitor) const
+{
+	if (_visitor.visit(*this))
+	{
+		m_parameterTypes->accept(_visitor);
+		m_returnTypes->accept(_visitor);
+	}
+	_visitor.endVisit(*this);
+}
+
 void Mapping::accept(ASTVisitor& _visitor)
 {
 	if (_visitor.visit(*this))

libsolidity/ast/Types.cpp

@@ -200,10 +200,10 @@ TypePointer Type::commonType(TypePointer const& _a, TypePointer const& _b)
 {
 	if (!_a || !_b)
 		return TypePointer();
-	else if (_b->isImplicitlyConvertibleTo(*_a))
+	else if (_b->isImplicitlyConvertibleTo(*_a->mobileType()))
-		return _a;
+		return _a->mobileType();
-	else if (_a->isImplicitlyConvertibleTo(*_b))
+	else if (_a->isImplicitlyConvertibleTo(*_b->mobileType()))
-		return _b;
+		return _b->mobileType();
 	else
 		return TypePointer();
 }
@@ -1265,6 +1265,7 @@ TypePointer ArrayType::decodingType() const
 
 TypePointer ArrayType::interfaceType(bool _inLibrary) const
 {
+	// Note: This has to fulfill canBeUsedExternally(_inLibrary) ==  !!interfaceType(_inLibrary)
 	if (_inLibrary && location() == DataLocation::Storage)
 		return shared_from_this();
 
@@ -1282,6 +1283,21 @@ TypePointer ArrayType::interfaceType(bool _inLibrary) const
 		return make_shared<ArrayType>(DataLocation::Memory, baseExt, m_length);
 }
 
+bool ArrayType::canBeUsedExternally(bool _inLibrary) const
+{
+	// Note: This has to fulfill canBeUsedExternally(_inLibrary) ==  !!interfaceType(_inLibrary)
+	if (_inLibrary && location() == DataLocation::Storage)
+		return true;
+	else if (m_arrayKind != ArrayKind::Ordinary)
+		return true;
+	else if (!m_baseType->canBeUsedExternally(_inLibrary))
+		return false;
+	else if (m_baseType->category() == Category::Array && m_baseType->isDynamicallySized())
+		return false;
+	else
+		return true;
+}
+
 u256 ArrayType::memorySize() const
 {
 	solAssert(!isDynamicallySized(), "");
@@ -1451,7 +1467,7 @@ u256 StructType::storageSize() const
 
 string StructType::toString(bool _short) const
 {
-	string ret = "struct " + m_struct.name();
+	string ret = "struct " + m_struct.annotation().canonicalName;
 	if (!_short)
 		ret += " " + stringForReferencePart();
 	return ret;
@@ -1561,7 +1577,7 @@ bool EnumType::operator==(Type const& _other) const
 
 unsigned EnumType::storageBytes() const
 {
-	size_t elements = m_enum.members().size();
+	size_t elements = numberOfMembers();
 	if (elements <= 1)
 		return 1;
 	else
@@ -1570,7 +1586,7 @@ unsigned EnumType::storageBytes() const
 
 string EnumType::toString(bool) const
 {
-	return string("enum ") + m_enum.name();
+	return string("enum ") + m_enum.annotation().canonicalName;
 }
 
 string EnumType::canonicalName(bool) const
@@ -1578,9 +1594,14 @@ string EnumType::canonicalName(bool) const
 	return m_enum.annotation().canonicalName;
 }
 
+size_t EnumType::numberOfMembers() const
+{
+	return m_enum.members().size();
+};
+
 bool EnumType::isExplicitlyConvertibleTo(Type const& _convertTo) const
 {
-	return _convertTo.category() == category() || _convertTo.category() == Category::Integer;
+	return _convertTo == *this || _convertTo.category() == Category::Integer;
 }
 
 unsigned EnumType::memberValue(ASTString const& _member) const
@@ -1699,7 +1720,7 @@ TypePointer TupleType::closestTemporaryType(TypePointer const& _targetType) cons
 FunctionType::FunctionType(FunctionDefinition const& _function, bool _isInternal):
 	m_location(_isInternal ? Location::Internal : Location::External),
 	m_isConstant(_function.isDeclaredConst()),
-	m_isPayable(_function.isPayable()),
+	m_isPayable(_isInternal ? false : _function.isPayable()),
 	m_declaration(&_function)
 {
 	TypePointers params;
@@ -1800,6 +1821,38 @@ FunctionType::FunctionType(EventDefinition const& _event):
 	swap(paramNames, m_parameterNames);
 }
 
+FunctionType::FunctionType(FunctionTypeName const& _typeName):
+	m_location(_typeName.visibility() == VariableDeclaration::Visibility::External ? Location::External : Location::Internal),
+	m_isConstant(_typeName.isDeclaredConst()),
+	m_isPayable(_typeName.isPayable())
+{
+	if (_typeName.isPayable())
+	{
+		solAssert(m_location == Location::External, "Internal payable function type used.");
+		solAssert(!m_isConstant, "Payable constant function");
+	}
+	for (auto const& t: _typeName.parameterTypes())
+	{
+		solAssert(t->annotation().type, "Type not set for parameter.");
+		if (m_location == Location::External)
+			solAssert(
+				t->annotation().type->canBeUsedExternally(false),
+				"Internal type used as parameter for external function."
+			);
+		m_parameterTypes.push_back(t->annotation().type);
+	}
+	for (auto const& t: _typeName.returnParameterTypes())
+	{
+		solAssert(t->annotation().type, "Type not set for return parameter.");
+		if (m_location == Location::External)
+			solAssert(
+				t->annotation().type->canBeUsedExternally(false),
+				"Internal type used as return parameter for external function."
+			);
+		m_returnParameterTypes.push_back(t->annotation().type);
+	}
+}
+
 FunctionTypePointer FunctionType::newExpressionType(ContractDefinition const& _contract)
 {
 	FunctionDefinition const* constructor = _contract.constructor();
@@ -1875,22 +1928,69 @@ bool FunctionType::operator==(Type const& _other) const
 	return true;
 }
 
+TypePointer FunctionType::unaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator) const
+{
+	if (_operator == Token::Value::Delete)
+		return make_shared<TupleType>();
+	return TypePointer();
+}
+
+string FunctionType::canonicalName(bool) const
+{
+	solAssert(m_location == Location::External, "");
+	return "function";
+}
+
 string FunctionType::toString(bool _short) const
 {
 	string name = "function (";
 	for (auto it = m_parameterTypes.begin(); it != m_parameterTypes.end(); ++it)
 		name += (*it)->toString(_short) + (it + 1 == m_parameterTypes.end() ? "" : ",");
-	name += ") returns (";
+	name += ")";
-	for (auto it = m_returnParameterTypes.begin(); it != m_returnParameterTypes.end(); ++it)
+	if (m_isConstant)
-		name += (*it)->toString(_short) + (it + 1 == m_returnParameterTypes.end() ? "" : ",");
+		name += " constant";
-	return name + ")";
+	if (m_isPayable)
+		name += " payable";
+	if (m_location == Location::External)
+		name += " external";
+	if (!m_returnParameterTypes.empty())
+	{
+		name += " returns (";
+		for (auto it = m_returnParameterTypes.begin(); it != m_returnParameterTypes.end(); ++it)
+			name += (*it)->toString(_short) + (it + 1 == m_returnParameterTypes.end() ? "" : ",");
+		name += ")";
+	}
+	return name;
+}
+
+unsigned FunctionType::calldataEncodedSize(bool _padded) const
+{
+	unsigned size = storageBytes();
+	if (_padded)
+		size = ((size + 31) / 32) * 32;
+	return size;
 }
 
 u256 FunctionType::storageSize() const
 {
-	BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+	if (m_location == Location::External || m_location == Location::Internal)
-		InternalCompilerError()
+		return 1;
-			<< errinfo_comment("Storage size of non-storable function type requested."));
+	else
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+			InternalCompilerError()
+				<< errinfo_comment("Storage size of non-storable function type requested."));
+}
+
+unsigned FunctionType::storageBytes() const
+{
+	if (m_location == Location::External)
+		return 20 + 4;
+	else if (m_location == Location::Internal)
+		return 8; // it should really not be possible to create larger programs
+	else
+		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(
+			InternalCompilerError()
+				<< errinfo_comment("Storage size of non-storable function type requested."));
 }
 
 unsigned FunctionType::sizeOnStack() const
@@ -2013,6 +2113,23 @@ MemberList::MemberMap FunctionType::nativeMembers(ContractDefinition const*) con
 	}
 }
 
+TypePointer FunctionType::encodingType() const
+{
+	// Only external functions can be encoded, internal functions cannot leave code boundaries.
+	if (m_location == Location::External)
+		return shared_from_this();
+	else
+		return TypePointer();
+}
+
+TypePointer FunctionType::interfaceType(bool /*_inLibrary*/) const
+{
+	if (m_location == Location::External)
+		return shared_from_this();
+	else
+		return TypePointer();
+}
+
 bool FunctionType::canTakeArguments(TypePointers const& _argumentTypes, TypePointer const& _selfType) const
 {
 	solAssert(!bound() || _selfType, "");

libsolidity/ast/Types.h

@@ -254,6 +254,9 @@ public:
 	/// @param _inLibrary if set, returns types as used in a library, e.g. struct and contract types
 	/// are returned without modification.
 	virtual TypePointer interfaceType(bool /*_inLibrary*/) const { return TypePointer(); }
+	/// @returns true iff this type can be passed on via calls (to libraries if _inLibrary is true),
+	/// should be have identical to !!interfaceType(_inLibrary) but might do optimizations.
+	virtual bool canBeUsedExternally(bool _inLibrary) const { return !!interfaceType(_inLibrary); }
 
 private:
 	/// @returns a member list containing all members added to this type by `using for` directives.
@@ -580,6 +583,7 @@ public:
 	virtual TypePointer encodingType() const override;
 	virtual TypePointer decodingType() const override;
 	virtual TypePointer interfaceType(bool _inLibrary) const override;
+	virtual bool canBeUsedExternally(bool _inLibrary) const override;
 
 	/// @returns true if this is a byte array or a string
 	bool isByteArray() const { return m_arrayKind != ArrayKind::Ordinary; }
@@ -738,6 +742,7 @@ public:
 	EnumDefinition const& enumDefinition() const { return m_enum; }
 	/// @returns the value that the string has in the Enum
 	unsigned int memberValue(ASTString const& _member) const;
+	size_t numberOfMembers() const;
 
 private:
 	EnumDefinition const& m_enum;
@@ -820,6 +825,8 @@ public:
 	explicit FunctionType(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl);
 	/// Creates the function type of an event.
 	explicit FunctionType(EventDefinition const& _event);
+	/// Creates the type of a function type name.
+	explicit FunctionType(FunctionTypeName const& _typeName);
 	/// Function type constructor to be used for a plain type (not derived from a declaration).
 	FunctionType(
 		strings const& _parameterTypes,
@@ -889,12 +896,19 @@ public:
 	TypePointer selfType() const;
 
 	virtual bool operator==(Type const& _other) const override;
+	virtual TypePointer unaryOperatorResult(Token::Value _operator) const override;
+	virtual std::string canonicalName(bool /*_addDataLocation*/) const override;
 	virtual std::string toString(bool _short) const override;
-	virtual bool canBeStored() const override { return false; }
+	virtual unsigned calldataEncodedSize(bool _padded) const override;
+	virtual bool canBeStored() const override { return m_location == Location::Internal || m_location == Location::External; }
 	virtual u256 storageSize() const override;
-	virtual bool canLiveOutsideStorage() const override { return false; }
+	virtual unsigned storageBytes() const override;
+	virtual bool isValueType() const override { return true; }
+	virtual bool canLiveOutsideStorage() const override { return m_location == Location::Internal || m_location == Location::External; }
 	virtual unsigned sizeOnStack() const override;
 	virtual MemberList::MemberMap nativeMembers(ContractDefinition const* _currentScope) const override;
+	virtual TypePointer encodingType() const override;
+	virtual TypePointer interfaceType(bool _inLibrary) const override;
 
 	/// @returns TypePointer of a new FunctionType object. All input/return parameters are an
 	/// appropriate external types (i.e. the interfaceType()s) of input/return parameters of

libsolidity/codegen/ArrayUtils.cpp

@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void ArrayUtils::copyArrayToStorage(ArrayType const& _targetType, ArrayType cons
 
 void ArrayUtils::copyArrayToMemory(ArrayType const& _sourceType, bool _padToWordBoundaries) const
 {
-	solAssert(
+	solUnimplementedAssert(
 		!_sourceType.baseType()->isDynamicallySized(),
 		"Nested dynamic arrays not implemented here."
 	);

libsolidity/codegen/Compiler.cpp

@@ -33,14 +33,15 @@ void Compiler::compileContract(
 	std::map<const ContractDefinition*, eth::Assembly const*> const& _contracts
 )
 {
-	ContractCompiler runtimeCompiler(m_runtimeContext, m_optimize);
+	ContractCompiler runtimeCompiler(nullptr, m_runtimeContext, m_optimize);
 	runtimeCompiler.compileContract(_contract, _contracts);
 
-	ContractCompiler creationCompiler(m_context, m_optimize);
+	// This might modify m_runtimeContext because it can access runtime functions at
-	m_runtimeSub = creationCompiler.compileConstructor(m_runtimeContext, _contract, _contracts);
+	// creation time.
+	ContractCompiler creationCompiler(&runtimeCompiler, m_context, m_optimize);
+	m_runtimeSub = creationCompiler.compileConstructor(_contract, _contracts);
 
-	if (m_optimize)
+	m_context.optimise(m_optimize, m_optimizeRuns);
-		m_context.optimise(m_optimizeRuns);
 
 	if (_contract.isLibrary())
 	{
@@ -54,11 +55,11 @@ void Compiler::compileClone(
 	map<ContractDefinition const*, eth::Assembly const*> const& _contracts
 )
 {
-	ContractCompiler cloneCompiler(m_context, m_optimize);
+	ContractCompiler runtimeCompiler(nullptr, m_runtimeContext, m_optimize);
+	ContractCompiler cloneCompiler(&runtimeCompiler, m_context, m_optimize);
 	m_runtimeSub = cloneCompiler.compileClone(_contract, _contracts);
 
-	if (m_optimize)
+	m_context.optimise(m_optimize, m_optimizeRuns);
-		m_context.optimise(m_optimizeRuns);
 }
 
 eth::AssemblyItem Compiler::functionEntryLabel(FunctionDefinition const& _function) const

libsolidity/codegen/Compiler.h

@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ class Compiler
 public:
 	explicit Compiler(bool _optimize = false, unsigned _runs = 200):
 		m_optimize(_optimize),
-		m_optimizeRuns(_runs)
+		m_optimizeRuns(_runs),
+		m_runtimeContext(),
+		m_context(&m_runtimeContext)
 	{ }
 
 	void compileContract(
@@ -69,9 +71,9 @@ public:
 private:
 	bool const m_optimize;
 	unsigned const m_optimizeRuns;
-	CompilerContext m_context;
-	size_t m_runtimeSub = size_t(-1); ///< Identifier of the runtime sub-assembly, if present.
 	CompilerContext m_runtimeContext;
+	size_t m_runtimeSub = size_t(-1); ///< Identifier of the runtime sub-assembly, if present.
+	CompilerContext m_context;
 };
 
 }

libsolidity/codegen/CompilerContext.cpp

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ void CompilerContext::startFunction(Declaration const& _function)
 void CompilerContext::addVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _declaration,
 								  unsigned _offsetToCurrent)
 {
-	solAssert(m_asm.deposit() >= 0 && unsigned(m_asm.deposit()) >= _offsetToCurrent, "");
+	solAssert(m_asm->deposit() >= 0 && unsigned(m_asm->deposit()) >= _offsetToCurrent, "");
-	m_localVariables[&_declaration] = unsigned(m_asm.deposit()) - _offsetToCurrent;
+	m_localVariables[&_declaration] = unsigned(m_asm->deposit()) - _offsetToCurrent;
 }
 
 void CompilerContext::removeVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _declaration)
@@ -92,22 +92,22 @@ eth::AssemblyItem CompilerContext::functionEntryLabelIfExists(Declaration const&
 	return m_functionCompilationQueue.entryLabelIfExists(_declaration);
 }
 
-eth::AssemblyItem CompilerContext::virtualFunctionEntryLabel(FunctionDefinition const& _function)
+FunctionDefinition const& CompilerContext::resolveVirtualFunction(FunctionDefinition const& _function)
 {
 	// Libraries do not allow inheritance and their functions can be inlined, so we should not
 	// search the inheritance hierarchy (which will be the wrong one in case the function
 	// is inlined).
 	if (auto scope = dynamic_cast<ContractDefinition const*>(_function.scope()))
 		if (scope->isLibrary())
-			return functionEntryLabel(_function);
+			return _function;
 	solAssert(!m_inheritanceHierarchy.empty(), "No inheritance hierarchy set.");
-	return virtualFunctionEntryLabel(_function, m_inheritanceHierarchy.begin());
+	return resolveVirtualFunction(_function, m_inheritanceHierarchy.begin());
 }
 
-eth::AssemblyItem CompilerContext::superFunctionEntryLabel(FunctionDefinition const& _function, ContractDefinition const& _base)
+FunctionDefinition const& CompilerContext::superFunction(FunctionDefinition const& _function, ContractDefinition const& _base)
 {
 	solAssert(!m_inheritanceHierarchy.empty(), "No inheritance hierarchy set.");
-	return virtualFunctionEntryLabel(_function, superContract(_base));
+	return resolveVirtualFunction(_function, superContract(_base));
 }
 
 FunctionDefinition const* CompilerContext::nextConstructor(ContractDefinition const& _contract) const
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ unsigned CompilerContext::baseStackOffsetOfVariable(Declaration const& _declarat
 
 unsigned CompilerContext::baseToCurrentStackOffset(unsigned _baseOffset) const
 {
-	return m_asm.deposit() - _baseOffset - 1;
+	return m_asm->deposit() - _baseOffset - 1;
 }
 
 unsigned CompilerContext::currentToBaseStackOffset(unsigned _offset) const
 {
-	return m_asm.deposit() - _offset - 1;
+	return m_asm->deposit() - _offset - 1;
 }
 
 pair<u256, unsigned> CompilerContext::storageLocationOfVariable(const Declaration& _declaration) const
@@ -217,17 +217,17 @@ void CompilerContext::appendInlineAssembly(
 		return true;
 	};
 
-	solAssert(assembly::InlineAssemblyStack().parseAndAssemble(*assembly, m_asm, identifierAccess), "");
+	solAssert(assembly::InlineAssemblyStack().parseAndAssemble(*assembly, *m_asm, identifierAccess), "");
 }
 
 void CompilerContext::injectVersionStampIntoSub(size_t _subIndex)
 {
-	eth::Assembly& sub = m_asm.sub(_subIndex);
+	eth::Assembly& sub = m_asm->sub(_subIndex);
 	sub.injectStart(Instruction::POP);
 	sub.injectStart(fromBigEndian<u256>(binaryVersion()));
 }
 
-eth::AssemblyItem CompilerContext::virtualFunctionEntryLabel(
+FunctionDefinition const& CompilerContext::resolveVirtualFunction(
 	FunctionDefinition const& _function,
 	vector<ContractDefinition const*>::const_iterator _searchStart
 )
@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ eth::AssemblyItem CompilerContext::virtualFunctionEntryLabel(
 				!function->isConstructor() &&
 				FunctionType(*function).hasEqualArgumentTypes(functionType)
 			)
-				return functionEntryLabel(*function);
+				return *function;
 	solAssert(false, "Super function " + name + " not found.");
-	return m_asm.newTag(); // not reached
+	return _function; // not reached
 }
 
 vector<ContractDefinition const*>::const_iterator CompilerContext::superContract(ContractDefinition const& _contract) const
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ vector<ContractDefinition const*>::const_iterator CompilerContext::superContract
 
 void CompilerContext::updateSourceLocation()
 {
-	m_asm.setSourceLocation(m_visitedNodes.empty() ? SourceLocation() : m_visitedNodes.top()->location());
+	m_asm->setSourceLocation(m_visitedNodes.empty() ? SourceLocation() : m_visitedNodes.top()->location());
 }
 
 eth::AssemblyItem CompilerContext::FunctionCompilationQueue::entryLabel(

libsolidity/codegen/CompilerContext.h

@@ -44,6 +44,14 @@ namespace solidity {
 class CompilerContext
 {
 public:
+	CompilerContext(CompilerContext* _runtimeContext = nullptr):
+		m_asm(std::make_shared<eth::Assembly>()),
+		m_runtimeContext(_runtimeContext)
+	{
+		if (m_runtimeContext)
+			m_runtimeSub = size_t(m_asm->newSub(m_runtimeContext->m_asm).data());
+	}
+
 	void addMagicGlobal(MagicVariableDeclaration const& _declaration);
 	void addStateVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _declaration, u256 const& _storageOffset, unsigned _byteOffset);
 	void addVariable(VariableDeclaration const& _declaration, unsigned _offsetToCurrent = 0);
@@ -52,9 +60,9 @@ public:
 	void setCompiledContracts(std::map<ContractDefinition const*, eth::Assembly const*> const& _contracts) { m_compiledContracts = _contracts; }
 	eth::Assembly const& compiledContract(ContractDefinition const& _contract) const;
 
-	void setStackOffset(int _offset) { m_asm.setDeposit(_offset); }
+	void setStackOffset(int _offset) { m_asm->setDeposit(_offset); }
-	void adjustStackOffset(int _adjustment) { m_asm.adjustDeposit(_adjustment); }
+	void adjustStackOffset(int _adjustment) { m_asm->adjustDeposit(_adjustment); }
-	unsigned stackHeight() const { solAssert(m_asm.deposit() >= 0, ""); return unsigned(m_asm.deposit()); }
+	unsigned stackHeight() const { solAssert(m_asm->deposit() >= 0, ""); return unsigned(m_asm->deposit()); }
 
 	bool isMagicGlobal(Declaration const* _declaration) const { return m_magicGlobals.count(_declaration) != 0; }
 	bool isLocalVariable(Declaration const* _declaration) const;
@@ -67,10 +75,10 @@ public:
 	eth::AssemblyItem functionEntryLabelIfExists(Declaration const& _declaration) const;
 	void setInheritanceHierarchy(std::vector<ContractDefinition const*> const& _hierarchy) { m_inheritanceHierarchy = _hierarchy; }
 	/// @returns the entry label of the given function and takes overrides into account.
-	eth::AssemblyItem virtualFunctionEntryLabel(FunctionDefinition const& _function);
+	FunctionDefinition const& resolveVirtualFunction(FunctionDefinition const& _function);
-	/// @returns the entry label of a function that overrides the given declaration from the most derived class just
+	/// @returns the function that overrides the given declaration from the most derived class just
 	/// above _base in the current inheritance hierarchy.
-	eth::AssemblyItem superFunctionEntryLabel(FunctionDefinition const& _function, ContractDefinition const& _base);
+	FunctionDefinition const& superFunction(FunctionDefinition const& _function, ContractDefinition const& _base);
 	FunctionDefinition const* nextConstructor(ContractDefinition const& _contract) const;
 
 	/// @returns the next function in the queue of functions that are still to be compiled
@@ -95,30 +103,33 @@ public:
 	std::pair<u256, unsigned> storageLocationOfVariable(Declaration const& _declaration) const;
 
 	/// Appends a JUMPI instruction to a new tag and @returns the tag
-	eth::AssemblyItem appendConditionalJump() { return m_asm.appendJumpI().tag(); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem appendConditionalJump() { return m_asm->appendJumpI().tag(); }
 	/// Appends a JUMPI instruction to @a _tag
-	CompilerContext& appendConditionalJumpTo(eth::AssemblyItem const& _tag) { m_asm.appendJumpI(_tag); return *this; }
+	CompilerContext& appendConditionalJumpTo(eth::AssemblyItem const& _tag) { m_asm->appendJumpI(_tag); return *this; }
 	/// Appends a JUMP to a new tag and @returns the tag
-	eth::AssemblyItem appendJumpToNew() { return m_asm.appendJump().tag(); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem appendJumpToNew() { return m_asm->appendJump().tag(); }
 	/// Appends a JUMP to a tag already on the stack
 	CompilerContext&  appendJump(eth::AssemblyItem::JumpType _jumpType = eth::AssemblyItem::JumpType::Ordinary);
 	/// Returns an "ErrorTag"
-	eth::AssemblyItem errorTag() { return m_asm.errorTag(); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem errorTag() { return m_asm->errorTag(); }
 	/// Appends a JUMP to a specific tag
-	CompilerContext& appendJumpTo(eth::AssemblyItem const& _tag) { m_asm.appendJump(_tag); return *this; }
+	CompilerContext& appendJumpTo(eth::AssemblyItem const& _tag) { m_asm->appendJump(_tag); return *this; }
 	/// Appends pushing of a new tag and @returns the new tag.
-	eth::AssemblyItem pushNewTag() { return m_asm.append(m_asm.newPushTag()).tag(); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem pushNewTag() { return m_asm->append(m_asm->newPushTag()).tag(); }
 	/// @returns a new tag without pushing any opcodes or data
-	eth::AssemblyItem newTag() { return m_asm.newTag(); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem newTag() { return m_asm->newTag(); }
 	/// Adds a subroutine to the code (in the data section) and pushes its size (via a tag)
-	/// on the stack. @returns the assembly item corresponding to the pushed subroutine, i.e. its offset.
+	/// on the stack. @returns the pushsub assembly item.
-	eth::AssemblyItem addSubroutine(eth::Assembly const& _assembly) { return m_asm.appendSubSize(_assembly); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem addSubroutine(eth::AssemblyPointer const& _assembly) { auto sub = m_asm->newSub(_assembly); m_asm->append(m_asm->newPushSubSize(size_t(sub.data()))); return sub; }
+	void pushSubroutineSize(size_t _subRoutine) { m_asm->append(m_asm->newPushSubSize(_subRoutine)); }
+	/// Pushes the offset of the subroutine.
+	void pushSubroutineOffset(size_t _subRoutine) { m_asm->append(eth::AssemblyItem(eth::PushSub, _subRoutine)); }
 	/// Pushes the size of the final program
-	void appendProgramSize() { return m_asm.appendProgramSize(); }
+	void appendProgramSize() { m_asm->appendProgramSize(); }
 	/// Adds data to the data section, pushes a reference to the stack
-	eth::AssemblyItem appendData(bytes const& _data) { return m_asm.append(_data); }
+	eth::AssemblyItem appendData(bytes const& _data) { return m_asm->append(_data); }
 	/// Appends the address (virtual, will be filled in by linker) of a library.
-	void appendLibraryAddress(std::string const& _identifier) { m_asm.appendLibraryAddress(_identifier); }
+	void appendLibraryAddress(std::string const& _identifier) { m_asm->appendLibraryAddress(_identifier); }
 	/// Resets the stack of visited nodes with a new stack having only @c _node
 	void resetVisitedNodes(ASTNode const* _node);
 	/// Pops the stack of visited nodes
@@ -127,10 +138,10 @@ public:
 	void pushVisitedNodes(ASTNode const* _node) { m_visitedNodes.push(_node); updateSourceLocation(); }
 
 	/// Append elements to the current instruction list and adjust @a m_stackOffset.
-	CompilerContext& operator<<(eth::AssemblyItem const& _item) { m_asm.append(_item); return *this; }
+	CompilerContext& operator<<(eth::AssemblyItem const& _item) { m_asm->append(_item); return *this; }
-	CompilerContext& operator<<(Instruction _instruction) { m_asm.append(_instruction); return *this; }
+	CompilerContext& operator<<(Instruction _instruction) { m_asm->append(_instruction); return *this; }
-	CompilerContext& operator<<(u256 const& _value) { m_asm.append(_value); return *this; }
+	CompilerContext& operator<<(u256 const& _value) { m_asm->append(_value); return *this; }
-	CompilerContext& operator<<(bytes const& _data) { m_asm.append(_data); return *this; }
+	CompilerContext& operator<<(bytes const& _data) { m_asm->append(_data); return *this; }
 
 	/// Appends inline assembly. @a _replacements are string-matching replacements that are performed
 	/// prior to parsing the inline assembly.
@@ -144,22 +155,27 @@ public:
 	/// Prepends "PUSH <compiler version number> POP"
 	void injectVersionStampIntoSub(size_t _subIndex);
 
-	void optimise(unsigned _runs = 200) { m_asm.optimise(true, true, _runs); }
+	void optimise(bool _fullOptimsation, unsigned _runs = 200) { m_asm->optimise(_fullOptimsation, true, _runs); }
 
-	eth::Assembly const& assembly() const { return m_asm; }
+	/// @returns the runtime context if in creation mode and runtime context is set, nullptr otherwise.
+	CompilerContext* runtimeContext() { return m_runtimeContext; }
+	/// @returns the identifier of the runtime subroutine.
+	size_t runtimeSub() const { return m_runtimeSub; }
+
+	eth::Assembly const& assembly() const { return *m_asm; }
 	/// @returns non-const reference to the underlying assembly. Should be avoided in favour of
 	/// wrappers in this class.
-	eth::Assembly& nonConstAssembly() { return m_asm; }
+	eth::Assembly& nonConstAssembly() { return *m_asm; }
 
 	/// @arg _sourceCodes is the map of input files to source code strings
 	/// @arg _inJsonFormat shows whether the out should be in Json format
 	Json::Value streamAssembly(std::ostream& _stream, StringMap const& _sourceCodes = StringMap(), bool _inJsonFormat = false) const
 	{
-		return m_asm.stream(_stream, "", _sourceCodes, _inJsonFormat);
+		return m_asm->stream(_stream, "", _sourceCodes, _inJsonFormat);
 	}
 
-	eth::LinkerObject const& assembledObject() { return m_asm.assemble(); }
+	eth::LinkerObject const& assembledObject() { return m_asm->assemble(); }
-	eth::LinkerObject const& assembledRuntimeObject(size_t _subIndex) { return m_asm.sub(_subIndex).assemble(); }
+	eth::LinkerObject const& assembledRuntimeObject(size_t _subIndex) { return m_asm->sub(_subIndex).assemble(); }
 
 	/**
 	 * Helper class to pop the visited nodes stack when a scope closes
@@ -172,9 +188,9 @@ public:
 	};
 
 private:
-	/// @returns the entry label of the given function - searches the inheritance hierarchy
+	/// Searches the inheritance hierarchy towards the base starting from @a _searchStart and returns
-	/// startig from the given point towards the base.
+	/// the first function definition that is overwritten by _function.
-	eth::AssemblyItem virtualFunctionEntryLabel(
+	FunctionDefinition const& resolveVirtualFunction(
 		FunctionDefinition const& _function,
 		std::vector<ContractDefinition const*>::const_iterator _searchStart
 	);
@@ -215,7 +231,7 @@ private:
 		mutable std::queue<Declaration const*> m_functionsToCompile;
 	} m_functionCompilationQueue;
 
-	eth::Assembly m_asm;
+	eth::AssemblyPointer m_asm;
 	/// Magic global variables like msg, tx or this, distinguished by type.
 	std::set<Declaration const*> m_magicGlobals;
 	/// Other already compiled contracts to be used in contract creation calls.
@@ -228,6 +244,10 @@ private:
 	std::vector<ContractDefinition const*> m_inheritanceHierarchy;
 	/// Stack of current visited AST nodes, used for location attachment
 	std::stack<ASTNode const*> m_visitedNodes;
+	/// The runtime context if in Creation mode, this is used for generating tags that would be stored into the storage and then used at runtime.
+	CompilerContext *m_runtimeContext;
+	/// The index of the runtime subroutine.
+	size_t m_runtimeSub = -1;
 };
 
 }

libsolidity/codegen/CompilerUtils.cpp

@@ -133,12 +133,22 @@ void CompilerUtils::storeInMemoryDynamic(Type const& _type, bool _padToWordBound
 			m_context << u256(str->value().size());
 		m_context << Instruction::ADD;
 	}
+	else if (
+		_type.category() == Type::Category::Function &&
+		dynamic_cast<FunctionType const&>(_type).location() == FunctionType::Location::External
+	)
+	{
+		solUnimplementedAssert(_padToWordBoundaries, "Non-padded store for function not implemented.");
+		combineExternalFunctionType(true);
+		m_context << Instruction::DUP2 << Instruction::MSTORE;
+		m_context << u256(_padToWordBoundaries ? 32 : 24) << Instruction::ADD;
+	}
 	else
 	{
 		unsigned numBytes = prepareMemoryStore(_type, _padToWordBoundaries);
 		if (numBytes > 0)
 		{
-			solAssert(
+			solUnimplementedAssert(
 				_type.sizeOnStack() == 1,
 				"Memory store of types with stack size != 1 not implemented."
 			);
@@ -161,7 +171,7 @@ void CompilerUtils::encodeToMemory(
 	solAssert(targetTypes.size() == _givenTypes.size(), "");
 	for (TypePointer& t: targetTypes)
 	{
-		solAssert(
+		solUnimplementedAssert(
 			t->mobileType() &&
 			t->mobileType()->interfaceType(_encodeAsLibraryTypes) &&
 			t->mobileType()->interfaceType(_encodeAsLibraryTypes)->encodingType(),
@@ -206,7 +216,8 @@ void CompilerUtils::encodeToMemory(
 			else if (
 				_givenTypes[i]->dataStoredIn(DataLocation::Storage) ||
 				_givenTypes[i]->dataStoredIn(DataLocation::CallData) ||
-				_givenTypes[i]->category() == Type::Category::StringLiteral
+				_givenTypes[i]->category() == Type::Category::StringLiteral ||
+				_givenTypes[i]->category() == Type::Category::Function
 			)
 				type = _givenTypes[i]; // delay conversion
 			else
@@ -304,6 +315,49 @@ void CompilerUtils::memoryCopy()
 	m_context << Instruction::POP; // ignore return value
 }
 
+void CompilerUtils::splitExternalFunctionType(bool _leftAligned)
+{
+	// We have to split the left-aligned <address><function identifier> into two stack slots:
+	// address (right aligned), function identifier (right aligned)
+	if (_leftAligned)
+	{
+		m_context << Instruction::DUP1 << (u256(1) << (64 + 32)) << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
+		// <input> <address>
+		m_context << Instruction::SWAP1 << (u256(1) << 64) << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		m_context << Instruction::DUP1 << (u256(1) << 32) << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
+		m_context << ((u256(1) << 160) - 1) << Instruction::AND << Instruction::SWAP1;
+	}
+	m_context << u256(0xffffffffUL) << Instruction::AND;
+}
+
+void CompilerUtils::combineExternalFunctionType(bool _leftAligned)
+{
+	// <address> <function_id>
+	m_context << u256(0xffffffffUL) << Instruction::AND << Instruction::SWAP1;
+	if (!_leftAligned)
+		m_context << ((u256(1) << 160) - 1) << Instruction::AND;
+	m_context << (u256(1) << 32) << Instruction::MUL;
+	m_context << Instruction::OR;
+	if (_leftAligned)
+		m_context << (u256(1) << 64) << Instruction::MUL;
+}
+
+void CompilerUtils::pushCombinedFunctionEntryLabel(Declaration const& _function)
+{
+	m_context << m_context.functionEntryLabel(_function).pushTag();
+	// If there is a runtime context, we have to merge both labels into the same
+	// stack slot in case we store it in storage.
+	if (CompilerContext* rtc = m_context.runtimeContext())
+		m_context <<
+			(u256(1) << 32) <<
+			Instruction::MUL <<
+			rtc->functionEntryLabel(_function).toSubAssemblyTag(m_context.runtimeSub()) <<
+			Instruction::OR;
+}
+
 void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetType, bool _cleanupNeeded)
 {
 	// For a type extension, we need to remove all higher-order bits that we might have ignored in
@@ -315,6 +369,8 @@ void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetTyp
 	Type::Category stackTypeCategory = _typeOnStack.category();
 	Type::Category targetTypeCategory = _targetType.category();
 
+	bool enumOverflowCheckPending = (targetTypeCategory == Type::Category::Enum || stackTypeCategory == Type::Category::Enum);
+
 	switch (stackTypeCategory)
 	{
 	case Type::Category::FixedBytes:
@@ -348,10 +404,18 @@ void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetTyp
 	}
 		break;
 	case Type::Category::Enum:
-		solAssert(targetTypeCategory == Type::Category::Integer || targetTypeCategory == Type::Category::Enum, "");
+		solAssert(_targetType == _typeOnStack || targetTypeCategory == Type::Category::Integer, "");
+		if (enumOverflowCheckPending)
+		{
+			EnumType const& enumType = dynamic_cast<decltype(enumType)>(_typeOnStack);
+			solAssert(enumType.numberOfMembers() > 0, "empty enum should have caused a parser error.");
+			m_context << u256(enumType.numberOfMembers() - 1) << Instruction::DUP2 << Instruction::GT;
+			m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(m_context.errorTag());
+			enumOverflowCheckPending = false;
+		}
 		break;
 	case Type::Category::FixedPoint:
-		solAssert(false, "Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
+		solUnimplemented("Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
 	case Type::Category::Integer:
 	case Type::Category::Contract:
 	case Type::Category::RationalNumber:
@@ -372,6 +436,11 @@ void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetTyp
 			solAssert(_typeOnStack.mobileType(), "");
 			// just clean
 			convertType(_typeOnStack, *_typeOnStack.mobileType(), true);
+			EnumType const& enumType = dynamic_cast<decltype(enumType)>(_targetType);
+			solAssert(enumType.numberOfMembers() > 0, "empty enum should have caused a parser error.");
+			m_context << u256(enumType.numberOfMembers() - 1) << Instruction::DUP2 << Instruction::GT;
+			m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(m_context.errorTag());
+			enumOverflowCheckPending = false;
 		}
 		else if (targetTypeCategory == Type::Category::FixedPoint)
 		{
@@ -386,7 +455,7 @@ void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetTyp
 			if (auto typeOnStack = dynamic_cast<IntegerType const*>(&_typeOnStack))
 				if (targetFixedPointType.integerBits() > typeOnStack->numBits())
 					cleanHigherOrderBits(*typeOnStack);
-			solAssert(false, "Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
+			solUnimplemented("Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -399,7 +468,7 @@ void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetTyp
 				RationalNumberType const& constType = dynamic_cast<RationalNumberType const&>(_typeOnStack);
 				// We know that the stack is clean, we only have to clean for a narrowing conversion
 				// where cleanup is forced.
-				solAssert(!constType.isFractional(), "Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
+				solUnimplementedAssert(!constType.isFractional(), "Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
 				if (targetType.numBits() < constType.integerType()->numBits() && _cleanupNeeded)
 					cleanHigherOrderBits(targetType);
 			}
@@ -651,15 +720,26 @@ void CompilerUtils::convertType(Type const& _typeOnStack, Type const& _targetTyp
 		solAssert(_targetType == _typeOnStack, "Invalid conversion for bool.");
 		if (_cleanupNeeded)
 			m_context << Instruction::ISZERO << Instruction::ISZERO;
+		break;
 	default:
 		// All other types should not be convertible to non-equal types.
 		solAssert(_typeOnStack == _targetType, "Invalid type conversion requested.");
 		break;
 	}
+
+	solAssert(!enumOverflowCheckPending, "enum overflow checking missing.");
 }
 
 void CompilerUtils::pushZeroValue(Type const& _type)
 {
+	if (auto const* funType = dynamic_cast<FunctionType const*>(&_type))
+	{
+		if (funType->location() == FunctionType::Location::Internal)
+		{
+			m_context << m_context.errorTag();
+			return;
+		}
+	}
 	auto const* referenceType = dynamic_cast<ReferenceType const*>(&_type);
 	if (!referenceType || referenceType->location() == DataLocation::Storage)
 	{
@@ -804,21 +884,27 @@ void CompilerUtils::storeStringData(bytesConstRef _data)
 unsigned CompilerUtils::loadFromMemoryHelper(Type const& _type, bool _fromCalldata, bool _padToWordBoundaries)
 {
 	unsigned numBytes = _type.calldataEncodedSize(_padToWordBoundaries);
-	bool leftAligned = _type.category() == Type::Category::FixedBytes;
+	bool isExternalFunctionType = false;
+	if (auto const* funType = dynamic_cast<FunctionType const*>(&_type))
+		if (funType->location() == FunctionType::Location::External)
+			isExternalFunctionType = true;
 	if (numBytes == 0)
-		m_context << Instruction::POP << u256(0);
-	else
 	{
-		solAssert(numBytes <= 32, "Static memory load of more than 32 bytes requested.");
+		m_context << Instruction::POP << u256(0);
-		m_context << (_fromCalldata ? Instruction::CALLDATALOAD : Instruction::MLOAD);
+		return numBytes;
-		if (numBytes != 32)
+	}
-		{
+	solAssert(numBytes <= 32, "Static memory load of more than 32 bytes requested.");
-			// add leading or trailing zeros by dividing/multiplying depending on alignment
+	m_context << (_fromCalldata ? Instruction::CALLDATALOAD : Instruction::MLOAD);
-			u256 shiftFactor = u256(1) << ((32 - numBytes) * 8);
+	if (isExternalFunctionType)
-			m_context << shiftFactor << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
+		splitExternalFunctionType(true);
-			if (leftAligned)
+	else if (numBytes != 32)
-				m_context << shiftFactor << Instruction::MUL;
+	{
-		}
+		bool leftAligned = _type.category() == Type::Category::FixedBytes;
+		// add leading or trailing zeros by dividing/multiplying depending on alignment
+		u256 shiftFactor = u256(1) << ((32 - numBytes) * 8);
+		m_context << shiftFactor << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
+		if (leftAligned)
+			m_context << shiftFactor << Instruction::MUL;
 	}
 
 	return numBytes;

libsolidity/codegen/CompilerUtils.h

@@ -114,6 +114,17 @@ public:
 	/// Stack post:
 	void memoryCopy();
 
+	/// Converts the combined and left-aligned (right-aligned if @a _rightAligned is true)
+	/// external function type <address><function identifier> into two stack slots:
+	/// address (right aligned), function identifier (right aligned)
+	void splitExternalFunctionType(bool _rightAligned);
+	/// Performs the opposite operation of splitExternalFunctionType(_rightAligned)
+	void combineExternalFunctionType(bool _rightAligned);
+	/// Appends code that combines the construction-time (if available) and runtime function
+	/// entry label of the given function into a single stack slot.
+	/// Note: This might cause the compilation queue of the runtime context to be extended.
+	void pushCombinedFunctionEntryLabel(Declaration const& _function);
+
 	/// Appends code for an implicit or explicit type conversion. This includes erasing higher
 	/// order bits (@see appendHighBitCleanup) when widening integer but also copy to memory
 	/// if a reference type is converted from calldata or storage to memory.

libsolidity/codegen/ContractCompiler.cpp

@@ -60,14 +60,13 @@ void ContractCompiler::compileContract(
 }
 
 size_t ContractCompiler::compileConstructor(
-	CompilerContext const& _runtimeContext,
 	ContractDefinition const& _contract,
 	std::map<const ContractDefinition*, eth::Assembly const*> const& _contracts
 )
 {
 	CompilerContext::LocationSetter locationSetter(m_context, _contract);
 	initializeContext(_contract, _contracts);
-	return packIntoContractCreator(_contract, _runtimeContext);
+	return packIntoContractCreator(_contract);
 }
 
 size_t ContractCompiler::compileClone(
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ size_t ContractCompiler::compileClone(
 	appendInitAndConstructorCode(_contract);
 
 	//@todo determine largest return size of all runtime functions
-	eth::AssemblyItem runtimeSub = m_context.addSubroutine(cloneRuntime());
+	auto runtimeSub = m_context.addSubroutine(cloneRuntime());
 
 	// stack contains sub size
 	m_context << Instruction::DUP1 << runtimeSub << u256(0) << Instruction::CODECOPY;
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@ size_t ContractCompiler::compileClone(
 
 	appendMissingFunctions();
 
-	solAssert(runtimeSub.data() < numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), "");
 	return size_t(runtimeSub.data());
 }
 
@@ -104,6 +102,13 @@ void ContractCompiler::initializeContext(
 	m_context.resetVisitedNodes(&_contract);
 }
 
+void ContractCompiler::appendCallValueCheck()
+{
+	// Throw if function is not payable but call contained ether.
+	m_context << Instruction::CALLVALUE;
+	m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(m_context.errorTag());
+}
+
 void ContractCompiler::appendInitAndConstructorCode(ContractDefinition const& _contract)
 {
 	// Determine the arguments that are used for the base constructors.
@@ -139,23 +144,35 @@ void ContractCompiler::appendInitAndConstructorCode(ContractDefinition const& _c
 		appendConstructor(*constructor);
 	else if (auto c = m_context.nextConstructor(_contract))
 		appendBaseConstructor(*c);
+	else
+		appendCallValueCheck();
 }
 
-size_t ContractCompiler::packIntoContractCreator(ContractDefinition const& _contract, CompilerContext const& _runtimeContext)
+size_t ContractCompiler::packIntoContractCreator(ContractDefinition const& _contract)
 {
+	solAssert(!!m_runtimeCompiler, "");
+
 	appendInitAndConstructorCode(_contract);
 
-	eth::AssemblyItem runtimeSub = m_context.addSubroutine(_runtimeContext.assembly());
+	// We jump to the deploy routine because we first have to append all missing functions,
+	// which can cause further functions to be added to the runtime context.
+	eth::AssemblyItem deployRoutine = m_context.appendJumpToNew();
 
-	// stack contains sub size
+	// We have to include copies of functions in the construction time and runtime context
-	m_context << Instruction::DUP1 << runtimeSub << u256(0) << Instruction::CODECOPY;
+	// because of absolute jumps.
+	appendMissingFunctions();
+	m_runtimeCompiler->appendMissingFunctions();
+
+	m_context << deployRoutine;
+
+	solAssert(m_context.runtimeSub() != size_t(-1), "Runtime sub not registered");
+	m_context.pushSubroutineSize(m_context.runtimeSub());
+	m_context << Instruction::DUP1;
+	m_context.pushSubroutineOffset(m_context.runtimeSub());
+	m_context << u256(0) << Instruction::CODECOPY;
 	m_context << u256(0) << Instruction::RETURN;
 
-	// note that we have to include the functions again because of absolute jump labels
+	return m_context.runtimeSub();
-	appendMissingFunctions();
-
-	solAssert(runtimeSub.data() < numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), "");
-	return size_t(runtimeSub.data());
 }
 
 void ContractCompiler::appendBaseConstructor(FunctionDefinition const& _constructor)
@@ -176,6 +193,9 @@ void ContractCompiler::appendBaseConstructor(FunctionDefinition const& _construc
 void ContractCompiler::appendConstructor(FunctionDefinition const& _constructor)
 {
 	CompilerContext::LocationSetter locationSetter(m_context, _constructor);
+	if (!_constructor.isPayable())
+		appendCallValueCheck();
+
 	// copy constructor arguments from code to memory and then to stack, they are supplied after the actual program
 	if (!_constructor.parameters().empty())
 	{
@@ -243,11 +263,8 @@ void ContractCompiler::appendFunctionSelector(ContractDefinition const& _contrac
 	if (fallback)
 	{
 		if (!fallback->isPayable())
-		{
+			appendCallValueCheck();
-			// Throw if function is not payable but call contained ether.
+
-			m_context << Instruction::CALLVALUE;
-			m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(m_context.errorTag());
-		}
 		eth::AssemblyItem returnTag = m_context.pushNewTag();
 		fallback->accept(*this);
 		m_context << returnTag;
@@ -266,11 +283,7 @@ void ContractCompiler::appendFunctionSelector(ContractDefinition const& _contrac
 		// We have to allow this for libraries, because value of the previous
 		// call is still visible in the delegatecall.
 		if (!functionType->isPayable() && !_contract.isLibrary())
-		{
+			appendCallValueCheck();
-			// Throw if function is not payable but call contained ether.
-			m_context << Instruction::CALLVALUE;
-			m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(m_context.errorTag());
-		}
 
 		eth::AssemblyItem returnTag = m_context.pushNewTag();
 		m_context << CompilerUtils::dataStartOffset;
@@ -293,13 +306,14 @@ void ContractCompiler::appendCalldataUnpacker(TypePointers const& _typeParameter
 	{
 		// stack: v1 v2 ... v(k-1) base_offset current_offset
 		TypePointer type = parameterType->decodingType();
+		solAssert(type, "No decoding type found.");
 		if (type->category() == Type::Category::Array)
 		{
 			auto const& arrayType = dynamic_cast<ArrayType const&>(*type);
-			solAssert(!arrayType.baseType()->isDynamicallySized(), "Nested arrays not yet implemented.");
+			solUnimplementedAssert(!arrayType.baseType()->isDynamicallySized(), "Nested arrays not yet implemented.");
 			if (_fromMemory)
 			{
-				solAssert(
+				solUnimplementedAssert(
 					arrayType.baseType()->isValueType(),
 					"Nested memory arrays not yet implemented here."
 				);
@@ -515,7 +529,19 @@ bool ContractCompiler::visit(InlineAssembly const& _inlineAssembly)
 			{
 				solAssert(!!decl->type(), "Type of declaration required but not yet determined.");
 				if (FunctionDefinition const* functionDef = dynamic_cast<FunctionDefinition const*>(decl))
-					_assembly.append(m_context.virtualFunctionEntryLabel(*functionDef).pushTag());
+				{
+					functionDef = &m_context.resolveVirtualFunction(*functionDef);
+					_assembly.append(m_context.functionEntryLabel(*functionDef).pushTag());
+					// If there is a runtime context, we have to merge both labels into the same
+					// stack slot in case we store it in storage.
+					if (CompilerContext* rtc = m_context.runtimeContext())
+					{
+						_assembly.append(u256(1) << 32);
+						_assembly.append(Instruction::MUL);
+						_assembly.append(rtc->functionEntryLabel(*functionDef).toSubAssemblyTag(m_context.runtimeSub()));
+						_assembly.append(Instruction::OR);
+					}
+				}
 				else if (auto variable = dynamic_cast<VariableDeclaration const*>(decl))
 				{
 					solAssert(!variable->isConstant(), "");
@@ -611,12 +637,25 @@ bool ContractCompiler::visit(WhileStatement const& _whileStatement)
 	m_breakTags.push_back(loopEnd);
 
 	m_context << loopStart;
-	compileExpression(_whileStatement.condition());
+
-	m_context << Instruction::ISZERO;
+	// While loops have the condition prepended
-	m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(loopEnd);
+	if (!_whileStatement.isDoWhile())
+	{
+		compileExpression(_whileStatement.condition());
+		m_context << Instruction::ISZERO;
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(loopEnd);
+	}
 
 	_whileStatement.body().accept(*this);
 
+	// Do-while loops have the condition appended
+	if (_whileStatement.isDoWhile())
+	{
+		compileExpression(_whileStatement.condition());
+		m_context << Instruction::ISZERO;
+		m_context.appendConditionalJumpTo(loopEnd);
+	}
+
 	m_context.appendJumpTo(loopStart);
 	m_context << loopEnd;
 
@@ -858,7 +897,7 @@ void ContractCompiler::compileExpression(Expression const& _expression, TypePoin
 		CompilerUtils(m_context).convertType(*_expression.annotation().type, *_targetType);
 }
 
-eth::Assembly ContractCompiler::cloneRuntime()
+eth::AssemblyPointer ContractCompiler::cloneRuntime()
 {
 	eth::Assembly a;
 	a << Instruction::CALLDATASIZE;
@@ -876,5 +915,5 @@ eth::Assembly ContractCompiler::cloneRuntime()
 	a.appendJumpI(a.errorTag());
 	//@todo adjust for larger return values, make this dynamic.
 	a << u256(0x20) << u256(0) << Instruction::RETURN;
-	return a;
+	return make_shared<eth::Assembly>(a);
 }

libsolidity/codegen/ContractCompiler.h

@@ -38,11 +38,12 @@ namespace solidity {
 class ContractCompiler: private ASTConstVisitor
 {
 public:
-	explicit ContractCompiler(CompilerContext& _context, bool _optimise):
+	explicit ContractCompiler(ContractCompiler* _runtimeCompiler, CompilerContext& _context, bool _optimise):
 		m_optimise(_optimise),
+		m_runtimeCompiler(_runtimeCompiler),
 		m_context(_context)
 	{
-		m_context = CompilerContext();
+		m_context = CompilerContext(_runtimeCompiler ? &_runtimeCompiler->m_context : nullptr);
 	}
 
 	void compileContract(
@@ -52,7 +53,6 @@ public:
 	/// Compiles the constructor part of the contract.
 	/// @returns the identifier of the runtime sub-assembly.
 	size_t compileConstructor(
-		CompilerContext const& _runtimeContext,
 		ContractDefinition const& _contract,
 		std::map<ContractDefinition const*, eth::Assembly const*> const& _contracts
 	);
@@ -74,12 +74,13 @@ private:
 	/// Adds the code that is run at creation time. Should be run after exchanging the run-time context
 	/// with a new and initialized context. Adds the constructor code.
 	/// @returns the identifier of the runtime sub assembly
-	size_t packIntoContractCreator(ContractDefinition const& _contract, CompilerContext const& _runtimeContext);
+	size_t packIntoContractCreator(ContractDefinition const& _contract);
 	/// Appends state variable initialisation and constructor code.
 	void appendInitAndConstructorCode(ContractDefinition const& _contract);
 	void appendBaseConstructor(FunctionDefinition const& _constructor);
 	void appendConstructor(FunctionDefinition const& _constructor);
 	void appendFunctionSelector(ContractDefinition const& _contract);
+	void appendCallValueCheck();
 	/// Creates code that unpacks the arguments for the given function represented by a vector of TypePointers.
 	/// From memory if @a _fromMemory is true, otherwise from call data.
 	/// Expects source offset on the stack, which is removed.
@@ -114,9 +115,11 @@ private:
 	void compileExpression(Expression const& _expression, TypePointer const& _targetType = TypePointer());
 
 	/// @returns the runtime assembly for clone contracts.
-	static eth::Assembly cloneRuntime();
+	static eth::AssemblyPointer cloneRuntime();
 
 	bool const m_optimise;
+	/// Pointer to the runtime compiler in case this is a creation compiler.
+	ContractCompiler* m_runtimeCompiler = nullptr;
 	CompilerContext& m_context;
 	std::vector<eth::AssemblyItem> m_breakTags; ///< tag to jump to for a "break" statement
 	std::vector<eth::AssemblyItem> m_continueTags; ///< tag to jump to for a "continue" statement

libsolidity/codegen/ExpressionCompiler.cpp

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendStateVariableAccessor(VariableDeclaration const&
 		if (auto mappingType = dynamic_cast<MappingType const*>(returnType.get()))
 		{
 			solAssert(CompilerUtils::freeMemoryPointer >= 0x40, "");
-			solAssert(
+			solUnimplementedAssert(
 				!paramTypes[i]->isDynamicallySized(),
 				"Accessors for mapping with dynamically-sized keys not yet implemented."
 			);
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(Assignment const& _assignment)
 	Token::Value op = _assignment.assignmentOperator();
 	if (op != Token::Assign) // compound assignment
 	{
-		solAssert(_assignment.annotation().type->isValueType(), "Compound operators not implemented for non-value types.");
+		solUnimplementedAssert(_assignment.annotation().type->isValueType(), "Compound operators not implemented for non-value types.");
 		unsigned lvalueSize = m_currentLValue->sizeOnStack();
 		unsigned itemSize = _assignment.annotation().type->sizeOnStack();
 		if (lvalueSize > 0)
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(UnaryOperation const& _unaryOperation)
 		if (!_unaryOperation.isPrefixOperation())
 		{
 			// store value for later
-			solAssert(_unaryOperation.annotation().type->sizeOnStack() == 1, "Stack size != 1 not implemented.");
+			solUnimplementedAssert(_unaryOperation.annotation().type->sizeOnStack() == 1, "Stack size != 1 not implemented.");
 			m_context << Instruction::DUP1;
 			if (m_currentLValue->sizeOnStack() > 0)
 				for (unsigned i = 1 + m_currentLValue->sizeOnStack(); i > 0; --i)
@@ -488,6 +488,13 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
 				parameterSize += function.selfType()->sizeOnStack();
 			}
 
+			if (m_context.runtimeContext())
+				// We have a runtime context, so we need the creation part.
+				m_context << (u256(1) << 32) << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
+			else
+				// Extract the runtime part.
+				m_context << ((u256(1) << 32) - 1) << Instruction::AND;
+
 			m_context.appendJump(eth::AssemblyItem::JumpType::IntoFunction);
 			m_context << returnLabel;
 
@@ -521,8 +528,11 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(FunctionCall const& _functionCall)
 			// copy the contract's code into memory
 			eth::Assembly const& assembly = m_context.compiledContract(contract);
 			utils().fetchFreeMemoryPointer();
+			// TODO we create a copy here, which is actually what we want.
+			// This should be revisited at the point where we fix
+			// https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/1092
 			// pushes size
-			eth::AssemblyItem subroutine = m_context.addSubroutine(assembly);
+			auto subroutine = m_context.addSubroutine(make_shared<eth::Assembly>(assembly));
 			m_context << Instruction::DUP1 << subroutine;
 			m_context << Instruction::DUP4 << Instruction::CODECOPY;
 
@@ -845,9 +855,8 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess)
 			);
 			if (funType->location() == FunctionType::Location::Internal)
 			{
-				m_context << m_context.functionEntryLabel(
+				FunctionDefinition const& funDef = dynamic_cast<decltype(funDef)>(funType->declaration());
-					dynamic_cast<FunctionDefinition const&>(funType->declaration())
+				utils().pushCombinedFunctionEntryLabel(funDef);
-				).pushTag();
 				utils().moveIntoStack(funType->selfType()->sizeOnStack(), 1);
 			}
 			else
@@ -883,7 +892,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess)
 					// us to link against it although we actually do not need it.
 					auto const* function = dynamic_cast<FunctionDefinition const*>(_memberAccess.annotation().referencedDeclaration);
 					solAssert(!!function, "Function not found in member access");
-					m_context << m_context.functionEntryLabel(*function).pushTag();
+					utils().pushCombinedFunctionEntryLabel(*function);
 				}
 			}
 			else if (dynamic_cast<TypeType const*>(_memberAccess.annotation().type.get()))
@@ -915,10 +924,10 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess)
 		if (type.isSuper())
 		{
 			solAssert(!!_memberAccess.annotation().referencedDeclaration, "Referenced declaration not resolved.");
-			m_context << m_context.superFunctionEntryLabel(
+			utils().pushCombinedFunctionEntryLabel(m_context.superFunction(
 				dynamic_cast<FunctionDefinition const&>(*_memberAccess.annotation().referencedDeclaration),
 				type.contractDefinition()
-			).pushTag();
+			));
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -1141,7 +1150,7 @@ bool ExpressionCompiler::visit(IndexAccess const& _indexAccess)
 			break;
 		case DataLocation::CallData:
 			//@todo if we implement this, the value in calldata has to be added to the base offset
-			solAssert(!arrayType.baseType()->isDynamicallySized(), "Nested arrays not yet implemented.");
+			solUnimplementedAssert(!arrayType.baseType()->isDynamicallySized(), "Nested arrays not yet implemented.");
 			if (arrayType.baseType()->isValueType())
 				CompilerUtils(m_context).loadFromMemoryDynamic(
 					*arrayType.baseType(),
@@ -1203,7 +1212,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::endVisit(Identifier const& _identifier)
 		}
 	}
 	else if (FunctionDefinition const* functionDef = dynamic_cast<FunctionDefinition const*>(declaration))
-		m_context << m_context.virtualFunctionEntryLabel(*functionDef).pushTag();
+		utils().pushCombinedFunctionEntryLabel(m_context.resolveVirtualFunction(*functionDef));
 	else if (auto variable = dynamic_cast<VariableDeclaration const*>(declaration))
 		appendVariable(*variable, static_cast<Expression const&>(_identifier));
 	else if (auto contract = dynamic_cast<ContractDefinition const*>(declaration))
@@ -1266,6 +1275,17 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendCompareOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator, Type
 {
 	if (_operator == Token::Equal || _operator == Token::NotEqual)
 	{
+		if (FunctionType const* funType = dynamic_cast<decltype(funType)>(&_type))
+		{
+			if (funType->location() == FunctionType::Location::Internal)
+			{
+				// We have to remove the upper bits (construction time value) because they might
+				// be "unknown" in one of the operands and not in the other.
+				m_context << ((u256(1) << 32) - 1) << Instruction::AND;
+				m_context << Instruction::SWAP1;
+				m_context << ((u256(1) << 32) - 1) << Instruction::AND;
+			}
+		}
 		m_context << Instruction::EQ;
 		if (_operator == Token::NotEqual)
 			m_context << Instruction::ISZERO;
@@ -1318,7 +1338,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendArithmeticOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator, Ty
 	bool const c_isSigned = type.isSigned();
 
 	if (_type.category() == Type::Category::FixedPoint)
-		solAssert(false, "Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
+		solUnimplemented("Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
 
 	switch (_operator)
 	{
@@ -1372,7 +1392,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendBitOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator)
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::appendShiftOperatorCode(Token::Value _operator)
 {
-	BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_comment("Shift operators not yet implemented."));
+	BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(UnimplementedFeatureError() << errinfo_comment("Shift operators not yet implemented."));
 	switch (_operator)
 	{
 	case Token::SHL:
@@ -1634,7 +1654,7 @@ void ExpressionCompiler::appendExternalFunctionCall(
 
 void ExpressionCompiler::appendExpressionCopyToMemory(Type const& _expectedType, Expression const& _expression)
 {
-	solAssert(_expectedType.isValueType(), "Not implemented for non-value types.");
+	solUnimplementedAssert(_expectedType.isValueType(), "Not implemented for non-value types.");
 	_expression.accept(*this);
 	utils().convertType(*_expression.annotation().type, _expectedType, true);
 	utils().storeInMemoryDynamic(_expectedType);

libsolidity/codegen/LValue.cpp

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ void MemoryItem::storeValue(Type const& _sourceType, SourceLocation const&, bool
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		solAssert(_sourceType == *m_dataType, "Conversion not implemented for assignment to memory.");
+		solUnimplementedAssert(_sourceType == *m_dataType, "Conversion not implemented for assignment to memory.");
 
 		solAssert(m_dataType->sizeOnStack() == 1, "");
 		if (!_move)
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ StorageItem::StorageItem(CompilerContext& _compilerContext, Type const& _type):
 {
 	if (m_dataType->isValueType())
 	{
-		solAssert(m_dataType->storageSize() == m_dataType->sizeOnStack(), "");
+		if (m_dataType->category() != Type::Category::Function)
+			solAssert(m_dataType->storageSize() == m_dataType->sizeOnStack(), "");
 		solAssert(m_dataType->storageSize() == 1, "Invalid storage size.");
 	}
 }
@@ -176,21 +177,39 @@ void StorageItem::retrieveValue(SourceLocation const&, bool _remove) const
 		m_context << Instruction::POP << Instruction::SLOAD;
 	else
 	{
+		bool cleaned = false;
 		m_context
 			<< Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::SLOAD << Instruction::SWAP1
 			<< u256(0x100) << Instruction::EXP << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
 		if (m_dataType->category() == Type::Category::FixedPoint)
 			// implementation should be very similar to the integer case.
-			solAssert(false, "Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
+			solUnimplemented("Not yet implemented - FixedPointType.");
 		if (m_dataType->category() == Type::Category::FixedBytes)
+		{
 			m_context << (u256(0x1) << (256 - 8 * m_dataType->storageBytes())) << Instruction::MUL;
+			cleaned = true;
+		}
 		else if (
 			m_dataType->category() == Type::Category::Integer &&
 			dynamic_cast<IntegerType const&>(*m_dataType).isSigned()
 		)
+		{
 			m_context << u256(m_dataType->storageBytes() - 1) << Instruction::SIGNEXTEND;
-		else
+			cleaned = true;
+		}
+		else if (FunctionType const* fun = dynamic_cast<decltype(fun)>(m_dataType))
+		{
+			if (fun->location() == FunctionType::Location::External)
+			{
+				CompilerUtils(m_context).splitExternalFunctionType(false);
+				cleaned = true;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!cleaned)
+		{
+			solAssert(m_dataType->sizeOnStack() == 1, "");
 			m_context << ((u256(0x1) << (8 * m_dataType->storageBytes())) - 1) << Instruction::AND;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -204,6 +223,7 @@ void StorageItem::storeValue(Type const& _sourceType, SourceLocation const& _loc
 		solAssert(m_dataType->storageBytes() > 0, "Invalid storage bytes size.");
 		if (m_dataType->storageBytes() == 32)
 		{
+			solAssert(m_dataType->sizeOnStack() == 1, "Invalid stack size.");
 			// offset should be zero
 			m_context << Instruction::POP;
 			if (!_move)
@@ -222,16 +242,27 @@ void StorageItem::storeValue(Type const& _sourceType, SourceLocation const& _loc
 			m_context
 				<< Instruction::DUP2 << ((u256(1) << (8 * m_dataType->storageBytes())) - 1)
 				<< Instruction::MUL;
-			m_context << Instruction::NOT << Instruction::AND;
+			m_context << Instruction::NOT << Instruction::AND << Instruction::SWAP1;
-			// stack: value storage_ref multiplier cleared_value
+			// stack: value storage_ref cleared_value multiplier
-			m_context
+			utils.copyToStackTop(3 + m_dataType->sizeOnStack(), m_dataType->sizeOnStack());
-				<< Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DUP4;
 			// stack: value storage_ref cleared_value multiplier value
-			if (m_dataType->category() == Type::Category::FixedBytes)
+			if (FunctionType const* fun = dynamic_cast<decltype(fun)>(m_dataType))
+			{
+				if (fun->location() == FunctionType::Location::External)
+					// Combine the two-item function type into a single stack slot.
+					utils.combineExternalFunctionType(false);
+				else
+					m_context <<
+						((u256(1) << (8 * m_dataType->storageBytes())) - 1) <<
+						Instruction::AND;
+			}
+			else if (m_dataType->category() == Type::Category::FixedBytes)
 				m_context
 					<< (u256(0x1) << (256 - 8 * dynamic_cast<FixedBytesType const&>(*m_dataType).numBytes()))
 					<< Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::DIV;
 			else
+			{
+				solAssert(m_dataType->sizeOnStack() == 1, "Invalid stack size for opaque type.");
 				// remove the higher order bits
 				m_context
 					<< (u256(1) << (8 * (32 - m_dataType->storageBytes())))
@@ -239,11 +270,12 @@ void StorageItem::storeValue(Type const& _sourceType, SourceLocation const& _loc
 					<< Instruction::DUP2
 					<< Instruction::MUL
 					<< Instruction::DIV;
+			}
 			m_context  << Instruction::MUL << Instruction::OR;
 			// stack: value storage_ref updated_value
 			m_context << Instruction::SWAP1 << Instruction::SSTORE;
 			if (_move)
-				m_context << Instruction::POP;
+				utils.popStackElement(*m_dataType);
 		}
 	}
 	else

libsolidity/formal/Why3Translator.cpp

@@ -410,6 +410,16 @@ bool Why3Translator::visit(WhileStatement const& _node)
 {
 	addSourceFromDocStrings(_node.annotation());
 
+	// Why3 does not appear to support do-while loops,
+	// so we will simulate them by performing a while
+	// loop with the body prepended once.
+
+	if (_node.isDoWhile())
+	{
+		visitIndentedUnlessBlock(_node.body());
+		newLine();
+	}
+
 	add("while ");
 	_node.condition().accept(*this);
 	newLine();

libsolidity/grammar.txt

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ StructDefinition = 'struct' Identifier '{'
                      ( VariableDeclaration ';' (VariableDeclaration ';')* )? '}'
 ModifierDefinition = 'modifier' Identifier ParameterList? Block
 FunctionDefinition = 'function' Identifier? ParameterList
-                     ( FunctionCall | Identifier | 'constant' | 'external' | 'public' | 'internal' | 'private' )*
+                     ( FunctionCall | Identifier | 'constant' |' payable' | 'external' | 'public' | 'internal' | 'private' )*
                      ( 'returns' ParameterList )? Block
 EventDefinition = 'event' Identifier IndexedParameterList 'anonymous'? ';'
 
@@ -31,18 +31,21 @@ EnumDefinition = 'enum' Identifier '{' EnumValue? (',' EnumValue)* '}'
 
 IndexedParameterList = '(' ( TypeName 'indexed'? Identifier? (',' TypeName 'indexed'? Identifier?)* )? ')'
 ParameterList =        '(' ( TypeName            Identifier? (',' TypeName            Identifier?)* )? ')'
+TypeNameList =         '(' ( TypeName (',' TypeName )* )? ')'
 
 // semantic restriction: mappings and structs (recursively) containing mappings
 // are not allowed in argument lists
 VariableDeclaration = TypeName Identifier
-TypeName = ElementaryTypeName | Identifier StorageLocation? | Mapping | ArrayTypeName
+TypeName = ElementaryTypeName | Identifier StorageLocation? | Mapping | ArrayTypeName | FunctionTypeName
 Mapping = 'mapping' '(' ElementaryTypeName '=>' TypeName ')'
 ArrayTypeName = TypeName StorageLocation? '[' Expression? ']'
+FunctionTypeName = 'function' TypeNameList ( 'internal' | 'external' | 'constant' | 'payable' )*
+                   ( 'returns' TypeNameList )?
 StorageLocation = 'memory' | 'storage'
 
 Block = '{' Statement* '}'
 Statement = IfStatement | WhileStatement | ForStatement | Block |
-            ( PlaceholderStatement | Continue | Break | Return |
+            ( DoWhileStatement | PlaceholderStatement | Continue | Break | Return |
               Throw | SimpleStatement ) ';'
 
 ExpressionStatement = Expression
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ WhileStatement = 'while' '(' Expression ')' Statement
 PlaceholderStatement = '_'
 SimpleStatement = VariableDefinition | ExpressionStatement
 ForStatement = 'for' '(' (SimpleStatement)? ';' (Expression)? ';' (ExpressionStatement)? ')' Statement
+DoWhileStatement = 'do' Statement 'while' '(' Expression ')'
 Continue = 'continue'
 Break = 'break'
 Return = 'return' Expression?
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ Expression =
   | Expression '**' Expression
   | Expression ('*' | '/' | '%') Expression
   | Expression ('+' | '-') Expression
-  | Expression ('<<' | '>>' | '>>>')
+  | Expression ('<<' | '>>')
   | Expression '&' Expression
   | Expression '^' Expression
   | Expression '|' Expression

libsolidity/inlineasm/AsmCodeGen.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,11 @@ struct GeneratorState
 class LabelOrganizer: public boost::static_visitor<>
 {
 public:
-	LabelOrganizer(GeneratorState& _state): m_state(_state) {}
+	LabelOrganizer(GeneratorState& _state): m_state(_state)
+	{
+		// Make the Solidity ErrorTag available to inline assembly
+		m_state.labels.insert(make_pair("invalidJumpLabel", m_state.assembly.errorTag()));
+	}
 
 	template <class T>
 	void operator()(T const& /*_item*/) { }
@@ -216,10 +220,18 @@ public:
 		size_t numVariables = m_state.variables.size();
 		int deposit = m_state.assembly.deposit();
 		std::for_each(_block.statements.begin(), _block.statements.end(), boost::apply_visitor(*this));
-		deposit = m_state.assembly.deposit() - deposit;
+
+		// pop variables
+		while (m_state.variables.size() > numVariables)
+		{
+			m_state.assembly.append(solidity::Instruction::POP);
+			m_state.variables.pop_back();
+		}
 
 		m_state.assembly.setSourceLocation(_block.location);
 
+		deposit = m_state.assembly.deposit() - deposit;
+
 		// issue warnings for stack height discrepancies
 		if (deposit < 0)
 		{
@@ -238,12 +250,6 @@ public:
 			);
 		}
 
-		// pop variables
-		while (m_state.variables.size() > numVariables)
-		{
-			m_state.assembly.append(solidity::Instruction::POP);
-			m_state.variables.pop_back();
-		}
 	}
 
 private:

libsolidity/interface/CompilerStack.cpp

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <libsolidity/interface/InterfaceHandler.h>
 #include <libsolidity/formal/Why3Translator.h>
 
+#include <libevmasm/Exceptions.h>
 #include <libdevcore/SHA3.h>
 
 #include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
@@ -345,17 +346,17 @@ map<string, unsigned> CompilerStack::sourceIndices() const
 	return indices;
 }
 
-string const& CompilerStack::interface(string const& _contractName) const
+Json::Value const& CompilerStack::interface(string const& _contractName) const
 {
 	return metadata(_contractName, DocumentationType::ABIInterface);
 }
 
-string const& CompilerStack::metadata(string const& _contractName, DocumentationType _type) const
+Json::Value const& CompilerStack::metadata(string const& _contractName, DocumentationType _type) const
 {
 	if (!m_parseSuccessful)
 		BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(CompilerError() << errinfo_comment("Parsing was not successful."));
 
-	std::unique_ptr<string const>* doc;
+	std::unique_ptr<Json::Value const>* doc;
 	Contract const& currentContract = contract(_contractName);
 
 	// checks wheather we already have the documentation
@@ -376,7 +377,7 @@ string const& CompilerStack::metadata(string const& _contractName, Documentation
 
 	// caches the result
 	if (!*doc)
-		doc->reset(new string(InterfaceHandler::documentation(*currentContract.contract, _type)));
+		doc->reset(new Json::Value(InterfaceHandler::documentation(*currentContract.contract, _type)));
 
 	return *(*doc);
 }
@@ -590,9 +591,19 @@ void CompilerStack::compileContract(
 	compiledContract.runtimeObject = compiler->runtimeObject();
 	_compiledContracts[compiledContract.contract] = &compiler->assembly();
 
-	Compiler cloneCompiler(_optimize, _runs);
+	try
-	cloneCompiler.compileClone(_contract, _compiledContracts);
+	{
-	compiledContract.cloneObject = cloneCompiler.assembledObject();
+		Compiler cloneCompiler(_optimize, _runs);
+		cloneCompiler.compileClone(_contract, _compiledContracts);
+		compiledContract.cloneObject = cloneCompiler.assembledObject();
+	}
+	catch (eth::AssemblyException const&)
+	{
+		// In some cases (if the constructor requests a runtime function), it is not
+		// possible to compile the clone.
+
+		// TODO: Report error / warning
+	}
 }
 
 std::string CompilerStack::defaultContractName() const

libsolidity/interface/CompilerStack.h

@@ -162,14 +162,14 @@ public:
 	/// @returns a mapping assigning each source name its index inside the vector returned
 	/// by sourceNames().
 	std::map<std::string, unsigned> sourceIndices() const;
-	/// @returns a string representing the contract interface in JSON.
+	/// @returns a JSON representing the contract interface.
 	/// Prerequisite: Successful call to parse or compile.
-	std::string const& interface(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
+	Json::Value const& interface(std::string const& _contractName = "") const;
-	/// @returns a string representing the contract's documentation in JSON.
+	/// @returns a JSON representing the contract's documentation.
 	/// Prerequisite: Successful call to parse or compile.
 	/// @param type The type of the documentation to get.
 	/// Can be one of 4 types defined at @c DocumentationType
-	std::string const& metadata(std::string const& _contractName, DocumentationType _type) const;
+	Json::Value const& metadata(std::string const& _contractName, DocumentationType _type) const;
 
 	/// @returns the previously used scanner, useful for counting lines during error reporting.
 	Scanner const& scanner(std::string const& _sourceName = "") const;
@@ -213,9 +213,9 @@ private:
 		eth::LinkerObject object;
 		eth::LinkerObject runtimeObject;
 		eth::LinkerObject cloneObject;
-		mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> interface;
+		mutable std::unique_ptr<Json::Value const> interface;
-		mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> userDocumentation;
+		mutable std::unique_ptr<Json::Value const> userDocumentation;
-		mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> devDocumentation;
+		mutable std::unique_ptr<Json::Value const> devDocumentation;
 		mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> sourceMapping;
 		mutable std::unique_ptr<std::string const> runtimeSourceMapping;
 	};

libsolidity/interface/Exceptions.h

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ using ErrorList = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Error const>>;
 struct CompilerError: virtual Exception {};
 struct InternalCompilerError: virtual Exception {};
 struct FatalError: virtual Exception {};
+struct UnimplementedFeatureError: virtual Exception{};
 
 class Error: virtual public Exception
 {

libsolidity/interface/InterfaceHandler.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::solidity;
 
-string InterfaceHandler::documentation(
+Json::Value InterfaceHandler::documentation(
 	ContractDefinition const& _contractDef,
 	DocumentationType _type
 )
@@ -24,10 +24,9 @@ string InterfaceHandler::documentation(
 	}
 
 	BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(InternalCompilerError() << errinfo_comment("Unknown documentation type"));
-	return "";
 }
 
-string InterfaceHandler::abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
+Json::Value InterfaceHandler::abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
 {
 	Json::Value abi(Json::arrayValue);
 
@@ -67,8 +66,9 @@ string InterfaceHandler::abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
 	{
 		Json::Value method;
 		method["type"] = "constructor";
-		auto externalFunction = FunctionType(*_contractDef.constructor()).interfaceFunctionType();
+		auto externalFunction = FunctionType(*_contractDef.constructor(), false).interfaceFunctionType();
 		solAssert(!!externalFunction, "");
+		method["payable"] = externalFunction->isPayable();
 		method["inputs"] = populateParameters(
 			externalFunction->parameterNames(),
 			externalFunction->parameterTypeNames(_contractDef.isLibrary())
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ string InterfaceHandler::abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
 	}
 	if (_contractDef.fallbackFunction())
 	{
-		auto externalFunctionType = FunctionType(*_contractDef.fallbackFunction()).interfaceFunctionType();
+		auto externalFunctionType = FunctionType(*_contractDef.fallbackFunction(), false).interfaceFunctionType();
 		solAssert(!!externalFunctionType, "");
 		Json::Value method;
 		method["type"] = "fallback";
@@ -103,10 +103,11 @@ string InterfaceHandler::abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
 		event["inputs"] = params;
 		abi.append(event);
 	}
-	return Json::FastWriter().write(abi);
+
+	return abi;
 }
 
-string InterfaceHandler::userDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
+Json::Value InterfaceHandler::userDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
 {
 	Json::Value doc;
 	Json::Value methods(Json::objectValue);
@@ -126,10 +127,10 @@ string InterfaceHandler::userDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDe
 			}
 	doc["methods"] = methods;
 
-	return Json::StyledWriter().write(doc);
+	return doc;
 }
 
-string InterfaceHandler::devDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
+Json::Value InterfaceHandler::devDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef)
 {
 	Json::Value doc;
 	Json::Value methods(Json::objectValue);
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ string InterfaceHandler::devDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef
 	}
 	doc["methods"] = methods;
 
-	return Json::StyledWriter().write(doc);
+	return doc;
 }
 
 string InterfaceHandler::extractDoc(multimap<string, DocTag> const& _tags, string const& _name)

libsolidity/interface/InterfaceHandler.h

@@ -64,24 +64,24 @@ public:
 	/// @param _contractDef The contract definition
 	/// @param _type        The type of the documentation. Can be one of the
 	///                     types provided by @c DocumentationType
-	/// @return             A string with the json representation of provided type
+	/// @return             A JSON representation of provided type
-	static std::string documentation(
+	static Json::Value documentation(
 		ContractDefinition const& _contractDef,
 		DocumentationType _type
 	);
 	/// Get the ABI Interface of the contract
 	/// @param _contractDef The contract definition
-	/// @return             A string with the json representation of the contract's ABI Interface
+	/// @return             A JSONrepresentation of the contract's ABI Interface
-	static std::string abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef);
+	static Json::Value abiInterface(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef);
 	/// Get the User documentation of the contract
 	/// @param _contractDef The contract definition
-	/// @return             A string with the json representation of the contract's user documentation
+	/// @return             A JSON representation of the contract's user documentation
-	static std::string userDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef);
+	static Json::Value userDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef);
 	/// Genereates the Developer's documentation of the contract
 	/// @param _contractDef The contract definition
-	/// @return             A string with the json representation
+	/// @return             A JSON representation
 	///                     of the contract's developer documentation
-	static std::string devDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef);
+	static Json::Value devDocumentation(ContractDefinition const& _contractDef);
 
 private:
 	/// @returns concatenation of all content under the given tag name.

libsolidity/interface/Utils.h

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ namespace dev
 namespace solidity
 {
 struct InternalCompilerError;
+struct UnimplementedFeatureError;
 }
 }
 
@@ -37,3 +38,8 @@ struct InternalCompilerError;
 #define solAssert(CONDITION, DESCRIPTION) \
 	assertThrow(CONDITION, ::dev::solidity::InternalCompilerError, DESCRIPTION)
 
+#define solUnimplementedAssert(CONDITION, DESCRIPTION) \
+	assertThrow(CONDITION, ::dev::solidity::UnimplementedFeatureError, DESCRIPTION)
+
+#define solUnimplemented(DESCRIPTION) \
+	solUnimplementedAssert(false, DESCRIPTION)

libsolidity/parsing/Parser.cpp

@@ -217,7 +217,9 @@ ASTPointer<ContractDefinition> Parser::parseContractDefinition(bool _isLibrary)
 		if (currentTokenValue == Token::RBrace)
 			break;
 		else if (currentTokenValue == Token::Function)
-			subNodes.push_back(parseFunctionDefinition(name.get()));
+			// This can be a function or a state variable of function type (especially
+			// complicated to distinguish fallback function from function type state variable)
+			subNodes.push_back(parseFunctionDefinitionOrFunctionTypeStateVariable(name.get()));
 		else if (currentTokenValue == Token::Struct)
 			subNodes.push_back(parseStructDefinition());
 		else if (currentTokenValue == Token::Enum)
@@ -288,81 +290,121 @@ Declaration::Visibility Parser::parseVisibilitySpecifier(Token::Value _token)
 	return visibility;
 }
 
-ASTPointer<FunctionDefinition> Parser::parseFunctionDefinition(ASTString const* _contractName)
+Parser::FunctionHeaderParserResult Parser::parseFunctionHeader(bool _forceEmptyName, bool _allowModifiers)
+{
+	FunctionHeaderParserResult result;
+	expectToken(Token::Function);
+	if (_forceEmptyName || m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::LParen)
+		result.name = make_shared<ASTString>(); // anonymous function
+	else
+		result.name = expectIdentifierToken();
+	VarDeclParserOptions options;
+	options.allowLocationSpecifier = true;
+	result.parameters = parseParameterList(options);
+	while (true)
+	{
+		Token::Value token = m_scanner->currentToken();
+		if (token == Token::Const)
+		{
+			result.isDeclaredConst = true;
+			m_scanner->next();
+		}
+		else if (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::Payable)
+		{
+			result.isPayable = true;
+			m_scanner->next();
+		}
+		else if (_allowModifiers && token == Token::Identifier)
+		{
+			// This can either be a modifier (function declaration) or the name of the
+			// variable (function type name plus variable).
+			if (
+				m_scanner->peekNextToken() == Token::Semicolon ||
+				m_scanner->peekNextToken() == Token::Assign
+			)
+				// Variable declaration, break here.
+				break;
+			else
+				result.modifiers.push_back(parseModifierInvocation());
+		}
+		else if (Token::isVisibilitySpecifier(token))
+		{
+			if (result.visibility != Declaration::Visibility::Default)
+				fatalParserError(string("Multiple visibility specifiers."));
+			result.visibility = parseVisibilitySpecifier(token);
+		}
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+	if (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::Returns)
+	{
+		bool const permitEmptyParameterList = false;
+		m_scanner->next();
+		result.returnParameters = parseParameterList(options, permitEmptyParameterList);
+	}
+	else
+		result.returnParameters = createEmptyParameterList();
+	return result;
+}
+
+ASTPointer<ASTNode> Parser::parseFunctionDefinitionOrFunctionTypeStateVariable(ASTString const* _contractName)
 {
 	ASTNodeFactory nodeFactory(*this);
 	ASTPointer<ASTString> docstring;
 	if (m_scanner->currentCommentLiteral() != "")
 		docstring = make_shared<ASTString>(m_scanner->currentCommentLiteral());
 
-	expectToken(Token::Function);
+	FunctionHeaderParserResult header = parseFunctionHeader(false, true);
-	ASTPointer<ASTString> name;
+
-	if (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::LParen)
+	if (
-		name = make_shared<ASTString>(); // anonymous function
+		!header.modifiers.empty() ||
-	else
+		!header.name->empty() ||
-		name = expectIdentifierToken();
+		m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::Semicolon ||
-	VarDeclParserOptions options;
+		m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::LBrace
-	options.allowLocationSpecifier = true;
+	)
-	ASTPointer<ParameterList> parameters(parseParameterList(options));
-	bool isDeclaredConst = false;
-	bool isPayable = false;
-	Declaration::Visibility visibility(Declaration::Visibility::Default);
-	vector<ASTPointer<ModifierInvocation>> modifiers;
-	while (true)
 	{
-		Token::Value token = m_scanner->currentToken();
+		// this has to be a function
-		if (token == Token::Const)
+		ASTPointer<Block> block = ASTPointer<Block>();
+		nodeFactory.markEndPosition();
+		if (m_scanner->currentToken() != Token::Semicolon)
 		{
-			isDeclaredConst = true;
+			block = parseBlock();
-			m_scanner->next();
+			nodeFactory.setEndPositionFromNode(block);
-		}
-		else if (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::Payable)
-		{
-			isPayable = true;
-			m_scanner->next();
-		}
-		else if (token == Token::Identifier)
-			modifiers.push_back(parseModifierInvocation());
-		else if (Token::isVisibilitySpecifier(token))
-		{
-			if (visibility != Declaration::Visibility::Default)
-				fatalParserError(string("Multiple visibility specifiers."));
-			visibility = parseVisibilitySpecifier(token);
 		}
 		else
-			break;
+			m_scanner->next(); // just consume the ';'
-	}
+		bool const c_isConstructor = (_contractName && *header.name == *_contractName);
-	ASTPointer<ParameterList> returnParameters;
+		return nodeFactory.createNode<FunctionDefinition>(
-	if (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::Returns)
+			header.name,
-	{
+			header.visibility,
-		bool const permitEmptyParameterList = false;
+			c_isConstructor,
-		m_scanner->next();
+			docstring,
-		returnParameters = parseParameterList(options, permitEmptyParameterList);
+			header.parameters,
+			header.isDeclaredConst,
+			header.modifiers,
+			header.returnParameters,
+			header.isPayable,
+			block
+		);
 	}
 	else
-		returnParameters = createEmptyParameterList();
-	ASTPointer<Block> block = ASTPointer<Block>();
-	nodeFactory.markEndPosition();
-	if (m_scanner->currentToken() != Token::Semicolon)
 	{
-		block = parseBlock();
+		// this has to be a state variable
-		nodeFactory.setEndPositionFromNode(block);
+		ASTPointer<TypeName> type = nodeFactory.createNode<FunctionTypeName>(
+			header.parameters,
+			header.returnParameters,
+			header.visibility,
+			header.isDeclaredConst,
+			header.isPayable
+		);
+		type = parseTypeNameSuffix(type, nodeFactory);
+		VarDeclParserOptions options;
+		options.isStateVariable = true;
+		options.allowInitialValue = true;
+		auto node = parseVariableDeclaration(options, type);
+		expectToken(Token::Semicolon);
+		return node;
 	}
-	else
-		m_scanner->next(); // just consume the ';'
-	bool const c_isConstructor = (_contractName && *name == *_contractName);
-	return nodeFactory.createNode<FunctionDefinition>(
-		name,
-		visibility,
-		c_isConstructor,
-		docstring,
-		parameters,
-		isDeclaredConst,
-		modifiers,
-		returnParameters,
-		isPayable,
-		block
-	);
 }
 
 ASTPointer<StructDefinition> Parser::parseStructDefinition()
@@ -406,6 +448,8 @@ ASTPointer<EnumDefinition> Parser::parseEnumDefinition()
 		if (m_scanner->currentToken() != Token::Identifier)
 			fatalParserError(string("Expected Identifier after ','"));
 	}
+	if (members.size() == 0)
+		parserError({"enum with no members is not allowed."});
 
 	nodeFactory.markEndPosition();
 	expectToken(Token::RBrace);
@@ -609,6 +653,21 @@ ASTPointer<UserDefinedTypeName> Parser::parseUserDefinedTypeName()
 	return nodeFactory.createNode<UserDefinedTypeName>(identifierPath);
 }
 
+ASTPointer<TypeName> Parser::parseTypeNameSuffix(ASTPointer<TypeName> type, ASTNodeFactory& nodeFactory)
+{
+	while (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::LBrack)
+	{
+		m_scanner->next();
+		ASTPointer<Expression> length;
+		if (m_scanner->currentToken() != Token::RBrack)
+			length = parseExpression();
+		nodeFactory.markEndPosition();
+		expectToken(Token::RBrack);
+		type = nodeFactory.createNode<ArrayTypeName>(type, length);
+	}
+	return type;
+}
+
 ASTPointer<TypeName> Parser::parseTypeName(bool _allowVar)
 {
 	ASTNodeFactory nodeFactory(*this);
@@ -629,6 +688,8 @@ ASTPointer<TypeName> Parser::parseTypeName(bool _allowVar)
 			fatalParserError(string("Expected explicit type name."));
 		m_scanner->next();
 	}
+	else if (token == Token::Function)
+		type = parseFunctionType();
 	else if (token == Token::Mapping)
 		type = parseMapping();
 	else if (token == Token::Identifier)
@@ -638,19 +699,23 @@ ASTPointer<TypeName> Parser::parseTypeName(bool _allowVar)
 
 	if (type)
 		// Parse "[...]" postfixes for arrays.
-		while (m_scanner->currentToken() == Token::LBrack)
+		type = parseTypeNameSuffix(type, nodeFactory);
-		{
-			m_scanner->next();
-			ASTPointer<Expression> length;
-			if (m_scanner->currentToken() != Token::RBrack)
-				length = parseExpression();
-			nodeFactory.markEndPosition();
-			expectToken(Token::RBrack);
-			type = nodeFactory.createNode<ArrayTypeName>(type, length);
-		}
 	return type;
 }
 
+ASTPointer<FunctionTypeName> Parser::parseFunctionType()
+{
+	ASTNodeFactory nodeFactory(*this);
+	FunctionHeaderParserResult header = parseFunctionHeader(true, false);
+	return nodeFactory.createNode<FunctionTypeName>(
+		header.parameters,
+		header.returnParameters,
+		header.visibility,
+		header.isDeclaredConst,
+		header.isPayable
+	);
+}
+
 ASTPointer<Mapping> Parser::parseMapping()
 {
 	ASTNodeFactory nodeFactory(*this);
@@ -722,6 +787,8 @@ ASTPointer<Statement> Parser::parseStatement()
 		return parseIfStatement(docString);
 	case Token::While:
 		return parseWhileStatement(docString);
+	case Token::Do:
+		return parseDoWhileStatement(docString);
 	case Token::For:
 		return parseForStatement(docString);
 	case Token::LBrace:
@@ -816,9 +883,24 @@ ASTPointer<WhileStatement> Parser::parseWhileStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> con
 	expectToken(Token::RParen);
 	ASTPointer<Statement> body = parseStatement();
 	nodeFactory.setEndPositionFromNode(body);
-	return nodeFactory.createNode<WhileStatement>(_docString, condition, body);
+	return nodeFactory.createNode<WhileStatement>(_docString, condition, body, false);
 }
 
+ASTPointer<WhileStatement> Parser::parseDoWhileStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString)
+{
+	ASTNodeFactory nodeFactory(*this);
+	expectToken(Token::Do);
+	ASTPointer<Statement> body = parseStatement();
+	expectToken(Token::While);
+	expectToken(Token::LParen);
+	ASTPointer<Expression> condition = parseExpression();
+	expectToken(Token::RParen);
+	nodeFactory.markEndPosition();
+	expectToken(Token::Semicolon);
+	return nodeFactory.createNode<WhileStatement>(_docString, condition, body, true);
+}
+
+
 ASTPointer<ForStatement> Parser::parseForStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString)
 {
 	ASTNodeFactory nodeFactory(*this);
@@ -1259,7 +1341,7 @@ Parser::LookAheadInfo Parser::peekStatementType() const
 	Token::Value token(m_scanner->currentToken());
 	bool mightBeTypeName = (Token::isElementaryTypeName(token) || token == Token::Identifier);
 
-	if (token == Token::Mapping || token == Token::Var)
+	if (token == Token::Mapping || token == Token::Function || token == Token::Var)
 		return LookAheadInfo::VariableDeclarationStatement;
 	if (mightBeTypeName)
 	{

libsolidity/parsing/Parser.h

@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ private:
 		bool allowLocationSpecifier = false;
 	};
 
+	/// This struct is shared for parsing a function header and a function type.
+	struct FunctionHeaderParserResult
+	{
+		ASTPointer<ASTString> name;
+		ASTPointer<ParameterList> parameters;
+		ASTPointer<ParameterList> returnParameters;
+		Declaration::Visibility visibility = Declaration::Visibility::Default;
+		bool isDeclaredConst = false;
+		bool isPayable = false;
+		std::vector<ASTPointer<ModifierInvocation>> modifiers;
+	};
+
 	///@{
 	///@name Parsing functions for the AST nodes
 	ASTPointer<PragmaDirective> parsePragmaDirective();
@@ -60,6 +72,8 @@ private:
 	ASTPointer<ContractDefinition> parseContractDefinition(bool _isLibrary);
 	ASTPointer<InheritanceSpecifier> parseInheritanceSpecifier();
 	Declaration::Visibility parseVisibilitySpecifier(Token::Value _token);
+	FunctionHeaderParserResult parseFunctionHeader(bool _forceEmptyName, bool _allowModifiers);
+	ASTPointer<ASTNode> parseFunctionDefinitionOrFunctionTypeStateVariable(ASTString const* _contractName);
 	ASTPointer<FunctionDefinition> parseFunctionDefinition(ASTString const* _contractName);
 	ASTPointer<StructDefinition> parseStructDefinition();
 	ASTPointer<EnumDefinition> parseEnumDefinition();
@@ -74,7 +88,9 @@ private:
 	ASTPointer<ModifierInvocation> parseModifierInvocation();
 	ASTPointer<Identifier> parseIdentifier();
 	ASTPointer<UserDefinedTypeName> parseUserDefinedTypeName();
+	ASTPointer<TypeName> parseTypeNameSuffix(ASTPointer<TypeName> type, ASTNodeFactory& nodeFactory);
 	ASTPointer<TypeName> parseTypeName(bool _allowVar);
+	ASTPointer<FunctionTypeName> parseFunctionType();
 	ASTPointer<Mapping> parseMapping();
 	ASTPointer<ParameterList> parseParameterList(
 		VarDeclParserOptions const& _options,
@@ -85,6 +101,7 @@ private:
 	ASTPointer<InlineAssembly> parseInlineAssembly(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString = {});
 	ASTPointer<IfStatement> parseIfStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString);
 	ASTPointer<WhileStatement> parseWhileStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString);
+	ASTPointer<WhileStatement> parseDoWhileStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString);
 	ASTPointer<ForStatement> parseForStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString);
 	/// A "simple statement" can be a variable declaration statement or an expression statement.
 	ASTPointer<Statement> parseSimpleStatement(ASTPointer<ASTString> const& _docString);

lllc/main.cpp

@@ -27,11 +27,18 @@
 #include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonData.h>
 #include <libevmasm/Instruction.h>
+#include <solidity/BuildInfo.h>
+
 using namespace std;
 using namespace dev;
 using namespace dev::solidity;
 using namespace dev::eth;
 
+static string const VersionString =
+        string(ETH_PROJECT_VERSION) +
+        (string(SOL_VERSION_PRERELEASE).empty() ? "" : "-" + string(SOL_VERSION_PRERELEASE)) +
+        (string(SOL_VERSION_BUILDINFO).empty() ? "" : "+" + string(SOL_VERSION_BUILDINFO));
+
 void help()
 {
 	cout
@@ -50,7 +57,7 @@ void help()
 void version()
 {
 	cout << "LLLC, the Lovely Little Language Compiler " << endl;
-	cout << "  By Gav Wood, (c) 2014." << endl;
+	cout << "Version: " << VersionString << endl;
 	exit(0);
 }
 

scripts/install_deps.sh

@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 
         brew install boost
         brew install cmake
-        brew install jsoncpp
 
         # We should really 'brew install' our eth client here, but at the time of writing
         # the bottle is known broken, so we will just cheat and use a hardcoded ZIP for
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ case $(uname -s) in
                 # See https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/
 
                 apk update
-                apk add boost-dev build-base cmake jsoncpp-dev
+                apk add boost-dev build-base cmake
 
                 ;;
 
@@ -219,7 +218,6 @@ case $(uname -s) in
                     gcc \
                     git \
                     libboost-all-dev \
-                    libjsoncpp-dev \
                     unzip
 
                 ;;
@@ -321,8 +319,7 @@ case $(uname -s) in
                     build-essential \
                     cmake \
                     git \
-                    libboost-all-dev \
+                    libboost-all-dev
-                    libjsoncpp-dev
 
                 # Install 'eth', for use in the Solidity Tests-over-IPC.
                 sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum
@@ -363,9 +360,6 @@ case $(uname -s) in
                     sudo yum -y remove boost-devel
                     sudo wget http://repo.enetres.net/enetres.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/enetres.repo
                     sudo yum install boost-devel
-
-                    # And finally jsoncpp
-                    sudo yum -y install jsoncpp-devel
                 else
                     echo "Aborted CentOS Solidity Dependency Installation";
                     exit 1

scripts/release_ppa.sh

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ cd $distribution
 git clone --recursive https://github.com/ethereum/solidity.git -b "$branch"
 mv solidity solc
 
+# Fetch jsoncpp dependency
+mkdir -p ./solc/deps/downloads/ 2>/dev/null || true
+wget -O ./solc/deps/downloads/jsoncpp-1.7.7.tar.gz https://github.com/open-source-parsers/jsoncpp/archive/1.7.7.tar.gz
+
 # Determine version
 cd solc
 version=`grep -oP "PROJECT_VERSION \"?\K[0-9.]+(?=\")"? CMakeLists.txt`
@@ -76,21 +80,6 @@ cp /tmp/${packagename}_${debversion}.orig.tar.gz ../
 
 # Create debian package information
 
-case $distribution in
-    trusty)
-        jsoncpplib=libjsoncpp0
-        ;;
-    vivid)
-        jsoncpplib=libjsoncpp0
-        ;;
-    wily)
-        jsoncpplib=libjsoncpp0v5
-        ;;
-    *)
-        jsoncpplib=libjsoncpp1
-        ;;
-esac
-
 mkdir debian
 echo 9 > debian/compat
 cat <<EOF > debian/control
@@ -99,7 +88,6 @@ Section: science
 Priority: extra
 Maintainer: Christian (Buildserver key) <builds@ethereum.org>
 Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9.0.0),
-               libcryptopp-dev,
                cmake,
                g++-4.8,
                git,
@@ -107,8 +95,7 @@ Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9.0.0),
                libboost-all-dev,
                automake,
                libtool,
-               scons,
+               scons
-               libjsoncpp-dev
 Standards-Version: 3.9.5
 Homepage: https://ethereum.org
 Vcs-Git: git://github.com/ethereum/solidity.git
@@ -117,7 +104,7 @@ Vcs-Browser: https://github.com/ethereum/solidity
 Package: solc
 Architecture: any-i386 any-amd64
 Multi-Arch: same
-Depends: \${shlibs:Depends}, \${misc:Depends}, $jsoncpplib
+Depends: \${shlibs:Depends}, \${misc:Depends}
 Replaces: lllc (<< 1:0.3.6)
 Conflicts: libethereum (<= 1.2.9)
 Description: Solidity compiler.

scripts/tests.sh

@@ -28,8 +28,22 @@
 
 set -e
 
-# There is an implicit assumption here that we HAVE to run from root directory.
+REPO_ROOT="$(dirname "$0")"/..
-REPO_ROOT=$(pwd)
+
+ # Compile all files in std and examples.
+
+for f in "$REPO_ROOT"/std/*.sol
+do
+    echo "Compiling $f..."
+    set +e
+    output=$("$REPO_ROOT"/build/solc/solc "$f" 2>&1)
+    failed=$?
+    # Remove the pre-release warning from the compiler output
+    output=$(echo "$output" | grep -v 'pre-release')
+    echo "$output"
+    set -e
+    test -z "$output" -a "$failed" -eq 0
+done
 
 # This conditional is only needed because we don't have a working Homebrew
 # install for `eth` at the time of writing, so we unzip the ZIP file locally

scripts/travis-emscripten/build_emscripten.sh

@@ -40,32 +40,6 @@ apt-get -y install git-core
 
 export WORKSPACE=/src
 
-# CryptoPP
-echo -en 'travis_fold:start:compiling_cryptopp\\r'
-cd "$WORKSPACE/cryptopp"
-# if .git exists, it is a fresh checkout, otherwise it comes from the cache
-# and is already compiled
-test -e .git && (
-emcmake cmake -DCRYPTOPP_LIBRARY_TYPE=STATIC -DCRYPTOPP_RUNTIME_TYPE=STATIC && emmake make -j 4
-ln -s . src/cryptopp || true
-rm -rf .git
-)
-echo -en 'travis_fold:end:compiling_cryptopp\\r'
-
-# Json-CPP
-echo -en 'travis_fold:start:compiling_jsoncpp\\r'
-cd "$WORKSPACE/jsoncpp"
-# if .git exists, it is a fresh checkout, otherwise it comes from the cache
-# and is already compiled
-test -e .git && (
-emcmake cmake -DJSONCPP_LIB_BUILD_STATIC=ON -DJSONCPP_LIB_BUILD_SHARED=OFF \
-              -DJSONCPP_WITH_TESTS=OFF -DJSONCPP_WITH_POST_BUILD_UNITTEST=OFF \
-              -G "Unix Makefiles" .
-emmake make -j 4
-rm -rf .git
-)
-echo -en 'travis_fold:end:compiling_jsoncpp\\r'
-
 # Boost
 echo -en 'travis_fold:start:compiling_boost\\r'
 cd "$WORKSPACE"/boost_1_57_0
@@ -112,10 +86,6 @@ emcmake cmake \
   -DBoost_THREAD_LIBRARIES="$WORKSPACE"/boost_1_57_0/libboost_thread.a \
   -DBoost_UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_LIBRARY="$WORKSPACE"/boost_1_57_0/libboost_unit_test_framework.a \
   -DBoost_UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_LIBRARIES="$WORKSPACE"/boost_1_57_0/libboost_unit_test_framework.a \
-  -DJSONCPP_LIBRARY="$WORKSPACE"/jsoncpp/src/lib_json/libjsoncpp.a \
-  -DJSONCPP_INCLUDE_DIR="$WORKSPACE"/jsoncpp/include/ \
-  -DCRYPTOPP_LIBRARY="$WORKSPACE"/cryptopp/src/libcryptlib.a \
-  -DCRYPTOPP_INCLUDE_DIR="$WORKSPACE"/cryptopp/src/ \
   -DDev_DEVCORE_LIBRARY="$WORKSPACE"/solidity/build/libdevcore/libsoldevcore.a \
   -DEth_EVMASM_LIBRARY="$WORKSPACE"/solidity/build/libevmasm/libsolevmasm.a \
   -DETH_STATIC=1 -DTESTS=0 \

scripts/travis-emscripten/install_deps.sh

@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@
 set -ev
 
 echo -en 'travis_fold:start:installing_dependencies\\r'
-test -e cryptopp -a -e cryptopp/src || git clone https://github.com/mmoss/cryptopp.git
-test -e jsoncpp -a -e jsoncpp/include || git clone https://github.com/open-source-parsers/jsoncpp.git
 test -e boost_1_57_0 -a -e boost_1_57_0/boost || (
 wget 'http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/'\
 '1.57.0/boost_1_57_0.tar.bz2?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2F'\

solc/CommandLineInterface.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <libdevcore/Common.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonData.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>
+#include <libdevcore/JSON.h>
 #include <libevmasm/Instruction.h>
 #include <libevmasm/GasMeter.h>
 #include <libsolidity/interface/Version.h>
@@ -230,12 +231,18 @@ void CommandLineInterface::handleMeta(DocumentationType _type, string const& _co
 
 	if (m_args.count(argName))
 	{
+		std::string output;
+		if (_type == DocumentationType::ABIInterface)
+			output = dev::jsonCompactPrint(m_compiler->metadata(_contract, _type));
+		else
+			output = dev::jsonPrettyPrint(m_compiler->metadata(_contract, _type));
+
 		if (m_args.count("output-dir"))
-			createFile(_contract + suffix, m_compiler->metadata(_contract, _type));
+			createFile(_contract + suffix, output);
 		else
 		{
 			cout << title << endl;
-			cout << m_compiler->metadata(_contract, _type) << endl;
+			cout << output << endl;
 		}
 
 	}
@@ -604,6 +611,12 @@ bool CommandLineInterface::processInput()
 			 << boost::diagnostic_information(_exception);
 		return false;
 	}
+	catch (UnimplementedFeatureError const& _exception)
+	{
+		cerr << "Unimplemented feature:" << endl
+			 << boost::diagnostic_information(_exception);
+		return false;
+	}
 	catch (Error const& _error)
 	{
 		if (_error.type() == Error::Type::DocstringParsingError)
@@ -645,7 +658,7 @@ void CommandLineInterface::handleCombinedJSON()
 	{
 		Json::Value contractData(Json::objectValue);
 		if (requests.count("abi"))
-			contractData["abi"] = m_compiler->interface(contractName);
+			contractData["abi"] = dev::jsonCompactPrint(m_compiler->interface(contractName));
 		if (requests.count("bin"))
 			contractData["bin"] = m_compiler->object(contractName).toHex();
 		if (requests.count("bin-runtime"))
@@ -670,9 +683,9 @@ void CommandLineInterface::handleCombinedJSON()
 			contractData["srcmap-runtime"] = map ? *map : "";
 		}
 		if (requests.count("devdoc"))
-			contractData["devdoc"] = m_compiler->metadata(contractName, DocumentationType::NatspecDev);
+			contractData["devdoc"] = dev::jsonCompactPrint(m_compiler->metadata(contractName, DocumentationType::NatspecDev));
 		if (requests.count("userdoc"))
-			contractData["userdoc"] = m_compiler->metadata(contractName, DocumentationType::NatspecUser);
+			contractData["userdoc"] = dev::jsonCompactPrint(m_compiler->metadata(contractName, DocumentationType::NatspecUser));
 		output["contracts"][contractName] = contractData;
 	}
 
@@ -696,7 +709,7 @@ void CommandLineInterface::handleCombinedJSON()
 			output["sources"][sourceCode.first]["AST"] = converter.json();
 		}
 	}
-	cout << Json::FastWriter().write(output) << endl;
+	cout << dev::jsonCompactPrint(output) << endl;
 }
 
 void CommandLineInterface::handleAst(string const& _argStr)

solc/jsonCompiler.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <libdevcore/Common.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonData.h>
 #include <libdevcore/CommonIO.h>
+#include <libdevcore/JSON.h>
 #include <libevmasm/Instruction.h>
 #include <libevmasm/GasMeter.h>
 #include <libsolidity/parsing/Scanner.h>
@@ -189,6 +190,10 @@ string compile(StringMap const& _sources, bool _optimize, CStyleReadFileCallback
 	{
 		errors.append(formatError(exception, "Internal compiler error", scannerFromSourceName));
 	}
+	catch (UnimplementedFeatureError const& exception)
+	{
+		errors.append(formatError(exception, "Unimplemented feature", scannerFromSourceName));
+	}
 	catch (Exception const& exception)
 	{
 		errors.append("Exception during compilation: " + boost::diagnostic_information(exception));
@@ -209,7 +214,7 @@ string compile(StringMap const& _sources, bool _optimize, CStyleReadFileCallback
 			for (string const& contractName: compiler.contractNames())
 			{
 				Json::Value contractData(Json::objectValue);
-				contractData["interface"] = compiler.interface(contractName);
+				contractData["interface"] = dev::jsonCompactPrint(compiler.interface(contractName));
 				contractData["bytecode"] = compiler.object(contractName).toHex();
 				contractData["runtimeBytecode"] = compiler.runtimeObject(contractName).toHex();
 				contractData["opcodes"] = solidity::disassemble(compiler.object(contractName).bytecode);
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ string compile(StringMap const& _sources, bool _optimize, CStyleReadFileCallback
 
 	try
 	{
-		return Json::FastWriter().write(output);
+		return dev::jsonCompactPrint(output);
 	}
 	catch (...)
 	{
@@ -288,7 +293,7 @@ string compileMulti(string const& _input, bool _optimize, CStyleReadFileCallback
 		errors.append("Error parsing input JSON: " + reader.getFormattedErrorMessages());
 		Json::Value output(Json::objectValue);
 		output["errors"] = errors;
-		return Json::FastWriter().write(output);
+		return dev::jsonCompactPrint(output);
 	}
 	else
 	{

std/StandardToken.sol

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
+
 import "./Token.sol";
 
 contract StandardToken is Token {

std/Token.sol

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
+
 contract Token {
 	event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint256 _value);
 	event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint256 _value);

std/mortal.sol

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
+
 import "./owned.sol";
 
 contract mortal is owned {

std/owned.sol

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
+
 contract owned {
     address owner;
 

std/std.sol

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
+
 import "./owned.sol";
 import "./mortal.sol";
 import "./Token.sol";

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0015 NEW)
 
 aux_source_directory(. SRC_LIST)
-aux_source_directory(contracts SRC_LIST)
+aux_source_directory(libdevcore SRC_LIST)
+aux_source_directory(libevmasm SRC_LIST)
 aux_source_directory(libsolidity SRC_LIST)
+aux_source_directory(contracts SRC_LIST)
 
 get_filename_component(TESTS_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" ABSOLUTE)
 

test/contracts/Wallet.cpp

@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ contract Wallet is multisig, multiowned, daylimit {
 
 	// constructor - just pass on the owner array to the multiowned and
 	// the limit to daylimit
-	function Wallet(address[] _owners, uint _required, uint _daylimit)
+	function Wallet(address[] _owners, uint _required, uint _daylimit) payable
 			multiowned(_owners, _required) daylimit(_daylimit) {
 	}
 

test/libdevcore/SwarmHash.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+	This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+	along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/**
+ * Unit tests for the swarm hash computation routine.
+ */
+
+#include <libdevcore/SwarmHash.h>
+
+#include "../TestHelper.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace dev
+{
+namespace test
+{
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(SwarmHash)
+
+string swarmHashHex(bytes const& _input)
+{
+	return toHex(swarmHash(_input).asBytes());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_zeros)
+{
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes()), string("011b4d03dd8c01f1049143cf9c4c817e4b167f1d1b83e5c6f0f10d89ba1e7bce"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x1000 - 1, 0)), string("32f0faabc4265ac238cd945087133ce3d7e9bb2e536053a812b5373c54043adb"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x1000, 0)), string("411dd45de7246e94589ff5888362c41e85bd3e582a92d0fda8f0e90b76439bec"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x1000 + 1, 0)), string("69754a0098432bbc2e84fe1205276870748a61a065ab6ef44d6a2e7b13ce044d"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x2000 - 1, 0)), string("69ad3c581043404f775ffa8d6f1b25ad4a9ee812971190e90209c0966116a321"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x2000, 0)), string("f00222373ff82d0a178dc6271c78953e9c88f74130a52d401f5ec51475f63c43"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x2000 + 1, 0)), string("86d6773e79e02fd8145ee1aedba89ace0c15f2566db1249654000039a9a134bf"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x80000, 0)), string("cc0854fe2c6b98e920d5c14b1a88e6d4223e55b8f78883f60939aa2485e361bf"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x80020, 0)), string("ee9ffca246e70d3704740ba4df450fa6988d14a1c2439c7e734c7a77a4eb6fd3"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(0x800020, 0)), string("78b90b20c90559fb904535181a7c28929ea2f30a2329dbc25232de579709f12f"));
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(swarmHashHex(bytes(2095104, 0)), string("a9958184589fc11b4027a4c233e777ebe2e99c66f96b74aef2a0638a94dd5439"));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+}
+}

test/libevmasm/SourceLocation.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+    This file is part of cpp-ethereum.
+
+    cpp-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    cpp-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with cpp-ethereum.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/**
+ * @author Yoichi Hirai <yoichi@ethereum.org>
+ * @date 2016
+ * Unit tests for the SourceLocation class.
+ */
+
+#include <libevmasm/SourceLocation.h>
+
+#include "../TestHelper.h"
+
+namespace dev
+{
+namespace solidity
+{
+namespace test
+{
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(SourceLocationTest)
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_fail)
+{
+	BOOST_CHECK(SourceLocation() == SourceLocation());
+	BOOST_CHECK(SourceLocation(0, 3, std::make_shared<std::string>("sourceA")) != SourceLocation(0, 3, std::make_shared<std::string>("sourceB")));
+	BOOST_CHECK(SourceLocation(0, 3, std::make_shared<std::string>("source")) == SourceLocation(0, 3, std::make_shared<std::string>("source")));
+	BOOST_CHECK(SourceLocation(3, 7, std::make_shared<std::string>("source")).contains(SourceLocation(4, 6, std::make_shared<std::string>("source"))));
+	BOOST_CHECK(!SourceLocation(3, 7, std::make_shared<std::string>("sourceA")).contains(SourceLocation(4, 6, std::make_shared<std::string>("sourceB"))));
+	BOOST_CHECK(SourceLocation(3, 7, std::make_shared<std::string>("sourceA")) < SourceLocation(4, 6, std::make_shared<std::string>("sourceB")));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
+
+}
+}
+} // end namespaces

test/libsolidity/ASTJSON.cpp

@@ -94,20 +94,6 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(using_for_directive)
 	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(usingFor["children"][1]["attributes"]["name"], "uint");    
 }
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(enum_definition)
-{
-	CompilerStack c;
-	c.addSource("a", "contract C { enum E {} }");
-	c.parse();
-	map<string, unsigned> sourceIndices;
-	sourceIndices["a"] = 1;
-	Json::Value astJson = ASTJsonConverter(c.ast("a"), sourceIndices).json();
-	Json::Value enumDefinition = astJson["children"][0]["children"][0];
-	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(enumDefinition["name"], "EnumDefinition");
-	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(enumDefinition["attributes"]["name"], "E");
-	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(enumDefinition["src"], "13:9:1");
-}
-
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(enum_value)
 {
 	CompilerStack c;
@@ -211,6 +197,37 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(non_utf8)
 	BOOST_CHECK(literal["attributes"]["type"].asString().find("invalid") != string::npos);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type)
+{
+	CompilerStack c;
+	c.addSource("a",
+		"contract C { function f(function() external payable returns (uint) x) "
+		"returns (function() external constant returns (uint)) {} }"
+	);
+	c.parse();
+	map<string, unsigned> sourceIndices;
+	sourceIndices["a"] = 1;
+	Json::Value astJson = ASTJsonConverter(c.ast("a"), sourceIndices).json();
+	Json::Value fun = astJson["children"][0]["children"][0];
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(fun["name"], "FunctionDefinition");
+	Json::Value argument = fun["children"][0]["children"][0];
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(argument["name"], "VariableDeclaration");
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(argument["attributes"]["name"], "x");
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(argument["attributes"]["type"], "function () payable external returns (uint256)");
+	Json::Value funType = argument["children"][0];
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(funType["attributes"]["constant"], false);
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(funType["attributes"]["payable"], true);
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(funType["attributes"]["visibility"], "external");
+	Json::Value retval = fun["children"][1]["children"][0];
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(retval["name"], "VariableDeclaration");
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(retval["attributes"]["name"], "");
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(retval["attributes"]["type"], "function () constant external returns (uint256)");
+	funType = retval["children"][0];
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(funType["attributes"]["constant"], true);
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(funType["attributes"]["payable"], false);
+	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(funType["attributes"]["visibility"], "external");
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
 
 }

test/libsolidity/Assembly.cpp

@@ -91,8 +91,10 @@ void checkAssemblyLocations(AssemblyItems const& _items, vector<SourceLocation>
 		BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(
 			_items[i].location() == _locations[i],
 			"Location mismatch for assembly item " + to_string(i) + ". Found: " +
+					(_items[i].location().sourceName ? *_items[i].location().sourceName + ":" : "(null source name)") +
 					to_string(_items[i].location().start) + "-" +
 					to_string(_items[i].location().end) + ", expected: " +
+					(_locations[i].sourceName ? *_locations[i].sourceName + ":" : "(null source name)") +
 					to_string(_locations[i].start) + "-" +
 					to_string(_locations[i].end));
 	}
@@ -111,13 +113,13 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(location_test)
 		}
 	}
 	)";
-	shared_ptr<string const> n = make_shared<string>("source");
+	shared_ptr<string const> n = make_shared<string>("");
 	AssemblyItems items = compileContract(sourceCode);
 	vector<SourceLocation> locations =
-		vector<SourceLocation>(18, SourceLocation(2, 75, n)) +
+		vector<SourceLocation>(16, SourceLocation(2, 75, n)) +
-		vector<SourceLocation>(31, SourceLocation(20, 72, n)) +
+		vector<SourceLocation>(27, SourceLocation(20, 72, n)) +
 		vector<SourceLocation>{SourceLocation(42, 51, n), SourceLocation(65, 67, n)} +
-		vector<SourceLocation>(4, SourceLocation(58, 67, n)) +
+		vector<SourceLocation>(2, SourceLocation(58, 67, n)) +
 		vector<SourceLocation>(3, SourceLocation(20, 72, n));
 	checkAssemblyLocations(items, locations);
 }

test/libsolidity/InlineAssembly.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace test
 namespace
 {
 
-bool successParse(std::string const& _source, bool _assemble = false)
+bool successParse(std::string const& _source, bool _assemble = false, bool _allowWarnings = true)
 {
 	assembly::InlineAssemblyStack stack;
 	try
@@ -51,8 +51,9 @@ bool successParse(std::string const& _source, bool _assemble = false)
 		if (_assemble)
 		{
 			stack.assemble();
-			if (!stack.errors().empty() && !Error::containsOnlyWarnings(stack.errors()))
+			if (!stack.errors().empty())
-				return false;
+				if (!_allowWarnings || !Error::containsOnlyWarnings(stack.errors()))
+					return false;
 		}
 	}
 	catch (FatalError const&)
@@ -67,9 +68,9 @@ bool successParse(std::string const& _source, bool _assemble = false)
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool successAssemble(string const& _source)
+bool successAssemble(string const& _source, bool _allowWarnings = true)
 {
-	return successParse(_source, true);
+	return successParse(_source, true, _allowWarnings);
 }
 
 }
@@ -169,6 +170,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(magic_variables)
 	BOOST_CHECK(successAssemble("{ let ecrecover := 1 ecrecover }"));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(imbalanced_stack)
+{
+	BOOST_CHECK(successAssemble("{ 1 2 mul pop }", false));
+	BOOST_CHECK(!successAssemble("{ 1 }", false));
+	BOOST_CHECK(successAssemble("{ let x := 4 7 add }", false));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(error_tag)
+{
+	BOOST_CHECK(successAssemble("{ invalidJumpLabel }"));
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
 
 }

test/libsolidity/SolidityABIJSON.cpp

@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ public:
 	void checkInterface(std::string const& _code, std::string const& _expectedInterfaceString)
 	{
 		ETH_TEST_REQUIRE_NO_THROW(m_compilerStack.parse("pragma solidity >=0.0;\n" + _code), "Parsing contract failed");
-		std::string generatedInterfaceString = m_compilerStack.metadata("", DocumentationType::ABIInterface);
+
-		Json::Value generatedInterface;
+		Json::Value generatedInterface = m_compilerStack.metadata("", DocumentationType::ABIInterface);
-		m_reader.parse(generatedInterfaceString, generatedInterface);
 		Json::Value expectedInterface;
 		m_reader.parse(_expectedInterfaceString, expectedInterface);
 		BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(
 			expectedInterface == generatedInterface,
-			"Expected:\n" << expectedInterface.toStyledString() << "\n but got:\n" << generatedInterface.toStyledString()
+			"Expected:\n" << expectedInterface.toStyledString() <<
+			"\n but got:\n" << generatedInterface.toStyledString()
 		);
 	}
 
@@ -524,6 +524,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(constructor_abi)
 				"type": "bool"
 			}
 		],
+		"payable": false,
 		"type": "constructor"
 	}
 	])";
@@ -567,6 +568,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(return_param_in_abi)
 					"type": "uint8"
 				}
 			],
+			"payable": false,
 			"type": "constructor"
 		}
 	]
@@ -684,7 +686,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(payable_function)
 	checkInterface(sourceCode, interface);
 }
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(payable_fallback_unction)
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(payable_fallback_function)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"(
 		contract test {
@@ -703,6 +705,32 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(payable_fallback_unction)
 	checkInterface(sourceCode, interface);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract test {
+			function g(function(uint) external returns (uint) x) {}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	char const* interface = R"(
+	[
+	{
+		"constant" : false,
+		"payable": false,
+		"inputs": [{
+			"name": "x",
+			"type": "function"
+		}],
+		"name": "g",
+		"outputs": [],
+		"type" : "function"
+	}
+	]
+	)";
+	checkInterface(sourceCode, interface);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
 
 }

test/libsolidity/SolidityEndToEndTest.cpp

@@ -353,6 +353,34 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(while_loop)
 	testSolidityAgainstCppOnRange("f(uint256)", while_loop_cpp, 0, 5);
 }
 
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(do_while_loop)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function f(uint n) returns(uint nfac) {\n"
+							 "    nfac = 1;\n"
+							 "    var i = 2;\n"
+							 "    do { nfac *= i++; } while (i <= n);\n"
+							 "  }\n"
+							 "}\n";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode);
+
+	auto do_while_loop_cpp = [](u256 const& n) -> u256
+	{
+		u256 nfac = 1;
+		u256 i = 2;
+		do
+		{
+			nfac *= i++;
+		}
+		while (i <= n);
+
+		return nfac;
+	};
+
+	testSolidityAgainstCppOnRange("f(uint256)", do_while_loop_cpp, 0, 5);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(nested_loops)
 {
 	// tests that break and continue statements in nested loops jump to the correct place
@@ -1309,6 +1337,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(struct_accessor)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(balance)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function test() payable {}\n"
 							 "  function getBalance() returns (uint256 balance) {\n"
 							 "    return address(this).balance;\n"
 							 "  }\n"
@@ -1320,6 +1349,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(balance)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(blockchain)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function test() payable {}\n"
 							 "  function someInfo() payable returns (uint256 value, address coinbase, uint256 blockNumber) {\n"
 							 "    value = msg.value;\n"
 							 "    coinbase = block.coinbase;\n"
@@ -1535,6 +1565,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(convert_uint_to_fixed_bytes_greater_size)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(send_ether)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function test() payable {}\n"
 							 "  function a(address addr, uint amount) returns (uint ret) {\n"
 							 "    addr.send(amount);\n"
 							 "    return address(this).balance;\n"
@@ -1647,6 +1678,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(log_in_constructor)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(suicide)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function test() payable {}\n"
 							 "  function a(address receiver) returns (uint ret) {\n"
 							 "    suicide(receiver);\n"
 							 "    return 10;\n"
@@ -1663,6 +1695,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(suicide)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(selfdestruct)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
+							 "  function test() payable {}\n"
 							 "  function a(address receiver) returns (uint ret) {\n"
 							 "    selfdestruct(receiver);\n"
 							 "    return 10;\n"
@@ -2928,24 +2961,24 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(generic_call)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(generic_callcode)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"**(
-			contract receiver {
+			contract Receiver {
 				uint public received;
 				function receive(uint256 x) payable { received = x; }
 			}
-			contract sender {
+			contract Sender {
 				uint public received;
-				function sender() payable { }
+				function Sender() payable { }
 				function doSend(address rec) returns (uint d)
 				{
 					bytes4 signature = bytes4(bytes32(sha3("receive(uint256)")));
 					rec.callcode.value(2)(signature, 23);
-					return receiver(rec).received();
+					return Receiver(rec).received();
 				}
 			}
 	)**";
-	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "receiver");
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Receiver");
 	u160 const c_receiverAddress = m_contractAddress;
-	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 50, "sender");
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 50, "Sender");
 	u160 const c_senderAddress = m_contractAddress;
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("doSend(address)", c_receiverAddress) == encodeArgs(0));
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("received()") == encodeArgs(23));
@@ -2960,16 +2993,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(generic_callcode)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(generic_delegatecall)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"**(
-			contract receiver {
+			contract Receiver {
 				uint public received;
 				address public sender;
 				uint public value;
+				function Receiver() payable {}
 				function receive(uint256 x) payable { received = x; sender = msg.sender; value = msg.value; }
 			}
-			contract sender {
+			contract Sender {
 				uint public received;
 				address public sender;
 				uint public value;
+				function Sender() payable {}
 				function doSend(address rec) payable
 				{
 					bytes4 signature = bytes4(bytes32(sha3("receive(uint256)")));
@@ -2977,9 +3012,9 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(generic_delegatecall)
 				}
 			}
 	)**";
-	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "receiver");
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Receiver");
 	u160 const c_receiverAddress = m_contractAddress;
-	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 50, "sender");
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 50, "Sender");
 	u160 const c_senderAddress = m_contractAddress;
 	BOOST_CHECK(m_sender != c_senderAddress); // just for sanity
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunctionWithValue("doSend(address)", 11, c_receiverAddress) == encodeArgs());
@@ -3314,6 +3349,42 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(using_enums)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("getChoice()") == encodeArgs(2));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(enum_explicit_overflow)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+			contract test {
+				enum ActionChoices { GoLeft, GoRight, GoStraight }
+				function test()
+				{
+				}
+				function getChoiceExp(uint x) returns (uint d)
+				{
+					choice = ActionChoices(x);
+					d = uint256(choice);
+				}
+				function getChoiceFromSigned(int x) returns (uint d)
+				{
+					choice = ActionChoices(x);
+					d = uint256(choice);
+				}
+				function getChoiceFromNegativeLiteral() returns (uint d)
+				{
+					choice = ActionChoices(-1);
+					d = uint256(choice);
+				}
+				ActionChoices choice;
+			}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode);
+	// These should throw
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("getChoiceExp(uint256)", 3) == encodeArgs());
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("getChoiceFromSigned(int256)", -1) == encodeArgs());
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("getChoiceFromNegativeLiteral()") == encodeArgs());
+	// These should work
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("getChoiceExp(uint256)", 2) == encodeArgs(2));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("getChoiceExp(uint256)", 0) == encodeArgs(0));
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(using_contract_enums_with_explicit_contract_name)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"(
@@ -4435,6 +4506,67 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(external_types_in_calls)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t2()") == encodeArgs(u256(9)));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(invalid_enum_as_external_ret)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			enum X { A, B }
+
+			function test_return() returns (X) {
+				X garbled;
+				assembly {
+					garbled := 5
+				}
+				return garbled;
+			}
+			function test_inline_assignment() returns (X _ret) {
+				assembly {
+					_ret := 5
+				}
+			}
+			function test_assignment() returns (X _ret) {
+				X tmp;
+				assembly {
+					tmp := 5
+				}
+				_ret = tmp;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	// both should throw
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test_return()") == encodeArgs());
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test_inline_assignment()") == encodeArgs());
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test_assignment()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(invalid_enum_as_external_arg)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			enum X { A, B }
+
+			function tested (X x) returns (uint) {
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			function test() returns (uint) {
+				X garbled;
+
+				assembly {
+					garbled := 5
+				}
+
+				return this.tested(garbled);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	// should throw
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(proper_order_of_overwriting_of_attributes)
 {
 	// bug #1798
@@ -4693,6 +4825,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(failing_send)
 			}
 		}
 		contract Main {
+			function Main() payable {}
 			function callHelper(address _a) returns (bool r, uint bal) {
 				r = !_a.send(5);
 				bal = this.balance;
@@ -4715,6 +4848,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(send_zero_ether)
 			}
 		}
 		contract Main {
+			function Main() payable {}
 			function s() returns (bool) {
 				var r = new Receiver();
 				return r.send(0);
@@ -6216,6 +6350,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(reject_ether_sent_to_library)
 	char const* sourceCode = R"(
 		library lib {}
 		contract c {
+			function c() payable {}
 			function f(address x) returns (bool) {
 				return x.send(1);
 			}
@@ -6325,6 +6460,20 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(decayed_tuple)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(2)));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(inline_tuple_with_rational_numbers)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract c {
+			function f() returns (int8) {
+				int8[5] memory foo3 = [int8(1), -1, 0, 0, 0];
+				return foo3[0];
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode);
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(1)));
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(destructuring_assignment)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"(
@@ -7140,6 +7289,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(failed_create)
 		contract D { function D() payable {} }
 		contract C {
 			uint public x;
+			function C() payable {}
 			function f(uint amount) returns (address) {
 				x++;
 				return (new D).value(amount)();
@@ -7253,7 +7403,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(mutex)
 		}
 		contract Fund is mutexed {
 			uint shares;
-			function Fund() { shares = msg.value; }
+			function Fund() payable { shares = msg.value; }
 			function withdraw(uint amount) protected returns (uint) {
 				// NOTE: It is very bad practice to write this function this way.
 				// Please refer to the documentation of how to do this properly.
@@ -7467,6 +7617,568 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(mem_resize_is_not_paid_at_call)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f(address)", cAddrOpt) == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(calling_uninitialized_function)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function intern() returns (uint) {
+				function (uint) internal returns (uint) x;
+				x(2);
+				return 7;
+			}
+			function extern() returns (uint) {
+				function (uint) external returns (uint) x;
+				x(2);
+				return 7;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	// This should throw exceptions
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("intern()") == encodeArgs());
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("extern()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(calling_uninitialized_function_in_detail)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function() internal returns (uint) x;
+			int mutex;
+			function t() returns (uint) {
+				if (mutex > 0)
+					return 7;
+				mutex = 1;
+				// Avoid re-executing this function if we jump somewhere.
+				x();
+				return 2;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(pass_function_types_internally)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f(uint x) returns (uint) {
+				return eval(g, x);
+			}
+			function eval(function(uint) returns (uint) x, uint a) internal returns (uint) {
+				return x(a);
+			}
+			function g(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 1; }
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f(uint256)", 7) == encodeArgs(u256(8)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(pass_function_types_externally)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f(uint x) returns (uint) {
+				return this.eval(this.g, x);
+			}
+			function f2(uint x) returns (uint) {
+				return eval(this.g, x);
+			}
+			function eval(function(uint) external returns (uint) x, uint a) returns (uint) {
+				return x(a);
+			}
+			function g(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 1; }
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f(uint256)", 7) == encodeArgs(u256(8)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f2(uint256)", 7) == encodeArgs(u256(8)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(receive_external_function_type)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function g() returns (uint) { return 7; }
+			function f(function() external returns (uint) g) returns (uint) {
+				return g();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction(
+		"f(function)",
+		m_contractAddress.asBytes() + FixedHash<4>(dev::keccak256("g()")).asBytes() + bytes(32 - 4 - 20, 0)
+	) == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(return_external_function_type)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function g() {}
+			function f() returns (function() external) {
+				return this.g;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(
+		callContractFunction("f()") ==
+		m_contractAddress.asBytes() + FixedHash<4>(dev::keccak256("g()")).asBytes() + bytes(32 - 4 - 20, 0)
+	);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(store_function)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Other {
+			function addTwo(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 2; }
+		}
+		contract C {
+			function (function (uint) external returns (uint)) returns (uint) ev;
+			function (uint) external returns (uint) x;
+			function store(function(uint) external returns (uint) y) {
+				x = y;
+			}
+			function eval(function(uint) external returns (uint) y) returns (uint) {
+				return y(7);
+			}
+			function t() returns (uint) {
+				ev = eval;
+				this.store((new Other()).addTwo);
+				return ev(x);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t()") == encodeArgs(u256(9)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(store_function_in_constructor)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			uint public result_in_constructor;
+			function (uint) internal returns (uint) x;
+			function C () {
+				x = double;
+				result_in_constructor = use(2);
+			}
+			function double(uint _arg) returns (uint _ret) {
+				_ret = _arg * 2;
+			}
+			function use(uint _arg) returns (uint) {
+				return x(_arg);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("use(uint256)", encodeArgs(u256(3))) == encodeArgs(u256(6)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("result_in_constructor()") == encodeArgs(u256(4)));
+}
+
+// TODO: store bound internal library functions
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(store_internal_unused_function_in_constructor)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function () internal returns (uint) x;
+			function C () {
+				x = unused;
+			}
+			function unused() internal returns (uint) {
+				return 7;
+			}
+			function t() returns (uint) {
+				return x();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(store_internal_unused_library_function_in_constructor)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		library L { function x() internal returns (uint) { return 7; } }
+		contract C {
+			function () internal returns (uint) x;
+			function C () {
+				x = L.x;
+			}
+			function t() returns (uint) {
+				return x();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(same_function_in_construction_and_runtime)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			uint public initial;
+			function C() {
+				initial = double(2);
+			}
+			function double(uint _arg) returns (uint _ret) {
+				_ret = _arg * 2;
+			}
+			function runtime(uint _arg) returns (uint) {
+				return double(_arg);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("runtime(uint256)", encodeArgs(u256(3))) == encodeArgs(u256(6)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("initial()") == encodeArgs(u256(4)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(same_function_in_construction_and_runtime_equality_check)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function (uint) internal returns (uint) x;
+			function C() {
+				x = double;
+			}
+			function test() returns (bool) {
+				return x == double;
+			}
+			function double(uint _arg) returns (uint _ret) {
+				_ret = _arg * 2;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs(true));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type_library_internal)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		library Utils {
+			function reduce(uint[] memory array, function(uint, uint) returns (uint) f, uint init) internal returns (uint) {
+				for (uint i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+					init = f(array[i], init);
+				}
+				return init;
+			}
+			function sum(uint a, uint b) internal returns (uint) {
+				return a + b;
+			}
+		}
+		contract C {
+			function f(uint[] x) returns (uint) {
+				return Utils.reduce(x, Utils.sum, 0);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f(uint256[])", 0x20, 3, u256(1), u256(7), u256(3)) == encodeArgs(u256(11)));
+}
+
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(call_function_returning_function)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract test {
+			function f0() returns (uint) {
+				return 2;
+			}
+			function f1() internal returns (function() returns (uint)) {
+				return f0;
+			}
+			function f2() internal returns (function() returns (function () returns (uint))) {
+				return f1;
+			}
+			function f3() internal returns (function() returns (function () returns (function () returns (uint))))
+			{
+				return f2;
+			}
+			function f() returns (uint) {
+				function() returns(function() returns(function() returns(function() returns(uint)))) x;
+				x = f3;
+				return x()()()();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "test");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(2)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(mapping_of_functions)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract Flow {
+			bool public success;
+
+			mapping (address => function () internal) stages;
+
+			function stage0() internal {
+				stages[msg.sender] = stage1;
+			}
+
+			function stage1() internal {
+				stages[msg.sender] = stage2;
+			}
+
+			function stage2() internal {
+				success = true;
+			}
+
+			function Flow() {
+				stages[msg.sender] = stage0;
+			}
+
+			function f() returns (uint) {
+				stages[msg.sender]();
+				return 7;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "Flow");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("success()") == encodeArgs(false));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("success()") == encodeArgs(false));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("success()") == encodeArgs(true));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(packed_functions)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			// these should take the same slot
+			function() returns (uint) a;
+			function() external returns (uint) b;
+			function() external returns (uint) c;
+			function() returns (uint) d;
+			uint8 public x;
+
+			function set() {
+				x = 2;
+				d = g;
+				c = this.h;
+				b = this.h;
+				a = g;
+			}
+			function t1() returns (uint) {
+				return a();
+			}
+			function t2() returns (uint) {
+				return b();
+			}
+			function t3() returns (uint) {
+				return a();
+			}
+			function t4() returns (uint) {
+				return b();
+			}
+			function g() returns (uint) {
+				return 7;
+			}
+			function h() returns (uint) {
+				return 8;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("set()") == encodeArgs());
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t1()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t2()") == encodeArgs(u256(8)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t3()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("t4()") == encodeArgs(u256(8)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("x()") == encodeArgs(u256(2)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_memory_array)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function a(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 1; }
+			function b(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 2; }
+			function c(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 3; }
+			function d(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 5; }
+			function e(uint x) returns (uint) { return x + 8; }
+			function test(uint x, uint i) returns (uint) {
+				function(uint) internal returns (uint)[] memory arr =
+					new function(uint) internal returns (uint)[](10);
+				arr[0] = a;
+				arr[1] = b;
+				arr[2] = c;
+				arr[3] = d;
+				arr[4] = e;
+				return arr[i](x);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test(uint256,uint256)", u256(10), u256(0)) == encodeArgs(u256(11)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test(uint256,uint256)", u256(10), u256(1)) == encodeArgs(u256(12)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test(uint256,uint256)", u256(10), u256(2)) == encodeArgs(u256(13)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test(uint256,uint256)", u256(10), u256(3)) == encodeArgs(u256(15)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test(uint256,uint256)", u256(10), u256(4)) == encodeArgs(u256(18)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test(uint256,uint256)", u256(10), u256(5)) == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_delete_storage)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function a() returns (uint) { return 7; }
+			function() internal returns (uint) y;
+			function set() returns (uint) {
+				y = a;
+				return y();
+			}
+			function d() returns (uint) {
+				delete y;
+				return 1;
+			}
+			function ca() returns (uint) {
+				return y();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("set()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("ca()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("d()") == encodeArgs(u256(1)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("ca()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_delete_stack)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function a() returns (uint) { return 7; }
+			function test() returns (uint) {
+				var y = a;
+				delete y;
+				y();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(copy_function_storage_array)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function() internal returns (uint)[] x;
+			function() internal returns (uint)[] y;
+			function test() returns (uint) {
+				x.length = 10;
+				x[9] = a;
+				y = x;
+				return y[9]();
+			}
+			function a() returns (uint) {
+				return 7;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs(u256(7)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_array_cross_calls)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract D {
+			function f(function() external returns (function() external returns (uint))[] x)
+				returns (function() external returns (uint)[3] r)
+			{
+				r[0] = x[0]();
+				r[1] = x[1]();
+				r[2] = x[2]();
+			}
+		}
+		contract C {
+			function test() returns (uint, uint, uint) {
+				function() external returns (function() external returns (uint))[] memory x =
+					new function() external returns (function() external returns (uint))[](10);
+				for (uint i = 0; i < x.length; i ++)
+					x[i] = this.h;
+				x[0] = this.htwo;
+				var y = (new D()).f(x);
+				return (y[0](), y[1](), y[2]());
+			}
+			function e() returns (uint) { return 5; }
+			function f() returns (uint) { return 6; }
+			function g() returns (uint) { return 7; }
+			uint counter;
+			function h() returns (function() external returns (uint)) {
+				return counter++ == 0 ? this.f : this.g;
+			}
+			function htwo() returns (function() external returns (uint)) {
+				return this.e;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("test()") == encodeArgs(u256(5), u256(6), u256(7)));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(copy_internal_function_array_to_storage)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function() internal returns (uint)[20] x;
+			int mutex;
+			function one() returns (uint) {
+				function() internal returns (uint)[20] xmem;
+				x = xmem;
+				return 3;
+			}
+			function two() returns (uint) {
+				if (mutex > 0)
+					return 7;
+				mutex = 1;
+				// If this test fails, it might re-execute this function.
+				x[0]();
+				return 2;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("one()") == encodeArgs(u256(3)));
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("two()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(shift_constant_left)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = R"(
@@ -7553,6 +8265,21 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(packed_storage_overflow)
 	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs(u256(0x1234), u256(0), u256(0), u256(0xfffe)));
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(inline_assembly_invalidjumplabel)
+{
+	char const* sourceCode = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() {
+				assembly {
+					jump(invalidJumpLabel)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	compileAndRun(sourceCode, 0, "C");
+	BOOST_CHECK(callContractFunction("f()") == encodeArgs());
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()
 
 }

test/libsolidity/SolidityExpressionCompiler.cpp

@@ -325,12 +325,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(arithmetics)
 					   byte(Instruction::ADD),
 					   byte(Instruction::DUP2),
 					   byte(Instruction::ISZERO),
-					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x2,
+					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x0,
 					   byte(Instruction::JUMPI),
 					   byte(Instruction::MOD),
 					   byte(Instruction::DUP2),
 					   byte(Instruction::ISZERO),
-					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x2,
+					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x0,
 					   byte(Instruction::JUMPI),
 					   byte(Instruction::DIV),
 					   byte(Instruction::MUL)});
@@ -425,39 +425,6 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(assignment)
 	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(code.begin(), code.end(), expectation.begin(), expectation.end());
 }
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_call)
-{
-	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"
-							 "  function f(uint a, uint b) { a += g(a + 1, b) * 2; }\n"
-							 "  function g(uint a, uint b) returns (uint c) {}\n"
-							 "}\n";
-	bytes code = compileFirstExpression(sourceCode, {{"test", "g"}},
-										{{"test", "f", "a"}, {"test", "f", "b"}});
-
-	// Stack: a, b
-	bytes expectation({byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x02,
-					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x0c,
-					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x01,
-					   byte(Instruction::DUP5),
-					   byte(Instruction::ADD),
-					   // Stack here: a b 2 <ret label> (a+1)
-					   byte(Instruction::DUP4),
-					   byte(Instruction::PUSH1), 0x13,
-					   byte(Instruction::JUMP),
-					   byte(Instruction::JUMPDEST),
-					   // Stack here: a b 2 g(a+1, b)
-					   byte(Instruction::MUL),
-					   // Stack here: a b g(a+1, b)*2
-					   byte(Instruction::DUP3),
-					   byte(Instruction::ADD),
-					   // Stack here: a b a+g(a+1, b)*2
-					   byte(Instruction::SWAP2),
-					   byte(Instruction::POP),
-					   byte(Instruction::DUP2),
-					   byte(Instruction::JUMPDEST)});
-	BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL_COLLECTIONS(code.begin(), code.end(), expectation.begin(), expectation.end());
-}
-
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(negative_literals_8bits)
 {
 	char const* sourceCode = "contract test {\n"

test/libsolidity/SolidityNameAndTypeResolution.cpp

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ parseAnalyseAndReturnError(string const& _source, bool _reportWarnings = false,
 	{
 		sourceUnit = parser.parse(std::make_shared<Scanner>(CharStream(source)));
 		if(!sourceUnit)
-			return make_pair(sourceUnit, nullptr);
+			BOOST_FAIL("Parsing failed in type checker test.");
 
 		SyntaxChecker syntaxChecker(errors);
 		if (!syntaxChecker.checkSyntax(*sourceUnit))
@@ -1535,6 +1535,21 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(enum_implicit_conversion_is_not_okay)
 	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(enum_to_enum_conversion_is_not_okay)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract test {
+			enum Paper { Up, Down, Left, Right }
+			enum Ground { North, South, West, East }
+			function test()
+			{
+				Ground(Paper.Up);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(enum_duplicate_values)
 {
 	char const* text = R"(
@@ -4015,8 +4030,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(calling_payable)
 	char const* text = R"(
 		contract receiver { function pay() payable {} }
 		contract test {
-			funciton f() { (new receiver()).pay.value(10)(); }
+			function f() { (new receiver()).pay.value(10)(); }
-			recevier r = new receiver();
+			receiver r = new receiver();
 			function g() { r.pay.value(10)(); }
 		}
 	)";
@@ -4117,6 +4132,231 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(using_directive_for_missing_selftype)
 	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text, false) == Error::Type::TypeError);
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() {
+				function(uint) returns (uint) x;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type_parameter)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f(function(uint) external returns (uint) g) returns (function(uint) external returns (uint)) {
+				return g;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type_returned)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() returns (function(uint) external returns (uint) g) {
+				return g;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(private_function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() {
+				function(uint) private returns (uint) x;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(public_function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() {
+				function(uint) public returns (uint) x;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(payable_internal_function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function (uint) internal payable returns (uint) x;
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(call_value_on_non_payable_function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function (uint) external returns (uint) x;
+			function f() {
+				x.value(2)();
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(external_function_type_returning_internal)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function() external returns (function () internal) x;
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(external_function_type_taking_internal)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function(function () internal) external x;
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(call_value_on_payable_function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function (uint) external payable returns (uint) x;
+			function f() {
+				x.value(2)(1);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(internal_function_as_external_parameter)
+{
+	// It should not be possible to give internal functions
+	// as parameters to external functions.
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f(function(uint) internal returns (uint) x) {
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(internal_function_returned_from_public_function)
+{
+	// It should not be possible to return internal functions from external functions.
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() returns (function(uint) internal returns (uint) x) {
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(internal_function_as_external_parameter_in_library_internal)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		library L {
+			function f(function(uint) internal returns (uint) x) internal {
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(internal_function_as_external_parameter_in_library_external)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		library L {
+			function f(function(uint) internal returns (uint) x) {
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(function_type_arrays)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function(uint) external returns (uint)[] public x;
+			function(uint) internal returns (uint)[10] y;
+			function f() {
+				function(uint) returns (uint)[10] memory a;
+				function(uint) returns (uint)[10] storage b = y;
+				function(uint) external returns (uint)[] memory c;
+				c = new function(uint) external returns (uint)[](200);
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(delete_function_type)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function(uint) external returns (uint) x;
+			function(uint) internal returns (uint) y;
+			function f() {
+				delete x;
+				var a = y;
+				delete a;
+				delete y;
+				var c = f;
+				delete c;
+				function(uint) internal returns (uint) g;
+				delete g;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(success(text));
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(delete_function_type_invalid)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() {
+				delete f;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text, false) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(delete_external_function_type_invalid)
+{
+	char const* text = R"(
+		contract C {
+			function f() {
+				delete this.f;
+			}
+		}
+	)";
+	BOOST_CHECK(expectError(text, false) == Error::Type::TypeError);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(invalid_fixed_point_literal)
 {
 	char const* text = R"(

test/libsolidity/SolidityNatspecJSON.cpp

@@ -45,21 +45,19 @@ public:
 		bool _userDocumentation
 	)
 	{
-		std::string generatedDocumentationString;
 		ETH_TEST_REQUIRE_NO_THROW(m_compilerStack.parse("pragma solidity >=0.0;\n" + _code), "Parsing failed");
 
-		if (_userDocumentation)
-			generatedDocumentationString = m_compilerStack.metadata("", DocumentationType::NatspecUser);
-		else
-			generatedDocumentationString = m_compilerStack.metadata("", DocumentationType::NatspecDev);
 		Json::Value generatedDocumentation;
-		m_reader.parse(generatedDocumentationString, generatedDocumentation);
+		if (_userDocumentation)
+			generatedDocumentation = m_compilerStack.metadata("", DocumentationType::NatspecUser);
+		else
+			generatedDocumentation = m_compilerStack.metadata("", DocumentationType::NatspecDev);
 		Json::Value expectedDocumentation;
 		m_reader.parse(_expectedDocumentationString, expectedDocumentation);
 		BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(
 			expectedDocumentation == generatedDocumentation,
-			"Expected " << _expectedDocumentationString <<
+			"Expected " << expectedDocumentation.toStyledString() <<
-			"\n but got:\n" << generatedDocumentationString
+			"\n but got:\n" << generatedDocumentation.toStyledString()
 		);
 	}