Introduce VM version ('hard fork') column for assembly opcodes

This commit is contained in:
Alex Beregszaszi 2018-02-27 01:19:38 +01:00
parent e424bd1007
commit 8cebfb168b

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@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ If an opcode takes arguments (always from the top of the stack), they are given
Note that the order of arguments can be seen to be reversed in non-functional style (explained below).
Opcodes marked with ``-`` do not push an item onto the stack, those marked with ``*`` are
special and all others push exactly one item onto the stack.
Opcodes marked with ``F``, ``H``, ``B`` or ``C`` are present since Frontier, Homestead, Byzantium or Constantinople, respectively.
Constantinople is still in planning and all instructions marked as such will result in an invalid instruction exception.
In the following, ``mem[a...b)`` signifies the bytes of memory starting at position ``a`` up to
(excluding) position ``b`` and ``storage[p]`` signifies the storage contents at position ``p``.
@ -161,167 +163,167 @@ The opcodes ``pushi`` and ``jumpdest`` cannot be used directly.
In the grammar, opcodes are represented as pre-defined identifiers.
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Instruction | | Explanation |
+=========================+======+=================================================================+
| stop + `-` | stop execution, identical to return(0,0) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| add(x, y) | | x + y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sub(x, y) | | x - y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mul(x, y) | | x * y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| div(x, y) | | x / y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sdiv(x, y) | | x / y, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mod(x, y) | | x % y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| smod(x, y) | | x % y, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| exp(x, y) | | x to the power of y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| not(x) | | ~x, every bit of x is negated |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| lt(x, y) | | 1 if x < y, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gt(x, y) | | 1 if x > y, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| slt(x, y) | | 1 if x < y, 0 otherwise, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sgt(x, y) | | 1 if x > y, 0 otherwise, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| eq(x, y) | | 1 if x == y, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| iszero(x) | | 1 if x == 0, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| and(x, y) | | bitwise and of x and y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| or(x, y) | | bitwise or of x and y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| xor(x, y) | | bitwise xor of x and y |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| byte(n, x) | | nth byte of x, where the most significant byte is the 0th byte |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| addmod(x, y, m) | | (x + y) % m with arbitrary precision arithmetics |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mulmod(x, y, m) | | (x * y) % m with arbitrary precision arithmetics |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| signextend(i, x) | | sign extend from (i*8+7)th bit counting from least significant |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| keccak256(p, n) | | keccak(mem[p...(p+n))) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sha3(p, n) | | keccak(mem[p...(p+n))) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| jump(label) | `-` | jump to label / code position |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| jumpi(label, cond) | `-` | jump to label if cond is nonzero |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| pc | | current position in code |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| pop(x) | `-` | remove the element pushed by x |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| dup1 ... dup16 | | copy ith stack slot to the top (counting from top) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| swap1 ... swap16 | `*` | swap topmost and ith stack slot below it |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mload(p) | | mem[p..(p+32)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mstore(p, v) | `-` | mem[p..(p+32)) := v |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mstore8(p, v) | `-` | mem[p] := v & 0xff (only modifies a single byte) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sload(p) | | storage[p] |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sstore(p, v) | `-` | storage[p] := v |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| msize | | size of memory, i.e. largest accessed memory index |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gas | | gas still available to execution |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| address | | address of the current contract / execution context |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| balance(a) | | wei balance at address a |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| caller | | call sender (excluding ``delegatecall``) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| callvalue | | wei sent together with the current call |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| calldataload(p) | | call data starting from position p (32 bytes) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| calldatasize | | size of call data in bytes |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| calldatacopy(t, f, s) | `-` | copy s bytes from calldata at position f to mem at position t |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| codesize | | size of the code of the current contract / execution context |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| codecopy(t, f, s) | `-` | copy s bytes from code at position f to mem at position t |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| extcodesize(a) | | size of the code at address a |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| extcodecopy(a, t, f, s) | `-` | like codecopy(t, f, s) but take code at address a |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| returndatasize | | size of the last returndata |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| returndatacopy(t, f, s) | `-` | copy s bytes from returndata at position f to mem at position t |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| create(v, p, s) | | create new contract with code mem[p..(p+s)) and send v wei |
| | | and return the new address |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| create2(v, n, p, s) | | create new contract with code mem[p..(p+s)) at address |
| | | keccak256(<address> . n . keccak256(mem[p..(p+s))) and send v |
| | | wei and return the new address |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| call(g, a, v, in, | | call contract at address a with input mem[in..(in+insize)) |
| insize, out, outsize) | | providing g gas and v wei and output area |
| | | mem[out..(out+outsize)) returning 0 on error (eg. out of gas) |
| | | and 1 on success |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| callcode(g, a, v, in, | | identical to ``call`` but only use the code from a and stay |
| insize, out, outsize) | | in the context of the current contract otherwise |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| delegatecall(g, a, in, | | identical to ``callcode`` but also keep ``caller`` |
| insize, out, outsize) | | and ``callvalue`` |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| staticcall(g, a, in, | | identical to ``call(g, a, 0, in, insize, out, outsize)`` but do |
| insize, out, outsize) | | not allow state modifications |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| return(p, s) | `-` | end execution, return data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| revert(p, s) | `-` | end execution, revert state changes, return data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| selfdestruct(a) | `-` | end execution, destroy current contract and send funds to a |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| invalid | `-` | end execution with invalid instruction |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log0(p, s) | `-` | log without topics and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log1(p, s, t1) | `-` | log with topic t1 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log2(p, s, t1, t2) | `-` | log with topics t1, t2 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log3(p, s, t1, t2, t3) | `-` | log with topics t1, t2, t3 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log4(p, s, t1, t2, t3, | `-` | log with topics t1, t2, t3, t4 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
| t4) | | |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| origin | | transaction sender |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gasprice | | gas price of the transaction |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| blockhash(b) | | hash of block nr b - only for last 256 blocks excluding current |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| coinbase | | current mining beneficiary |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | | timestamp of the current block in seconds since the epoch |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| number | | current block number |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| difficulty | | difficulty of the current block |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gaslimit | | block gas limit of the current block |
+-------------------------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Instruction | | | Explanation |
+=========================+=====+===+=================================================================+
| stop + `-` | F | stop execution, identical to return(0,0) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| add(x, y) | | F | x + y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sub(x, y) | | F | x - y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mul(x, y) | | F | x * y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| div(x, y) | | F | x / y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sdiv(x, y) | | F | x / y, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mod(x, y) | | F | x % y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| smod(x, y) | | F | x % y, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| exp(x, y) | | F | x to the power of y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| not(x) | | F | ~x, every bit of x is negated |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| lt(x, y) | | F | 1 if x < y, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gt(x, y) | | F | 1 if x > y, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| slt(x, y) | | F | 1 if x < y, 0 otherwise, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sgt(x, y) | | F | 1 if x > y, 0 otherwise, for signed numbers in two's complement |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| eq(x, y) | | F | 1 if x == y, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| iszero(x) | | F | 1 if x == 0, 0 otherwise |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| and(x, y) | | F | bitwise and of x and y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| or(x, y) | | F | bitwise or of x and y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| xor(x, y) | | F | bitwise xor of x and y |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| byte(n, x) | | F | nth byte of x, where the most significant byte is the 0th byte |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| addmod(x, y, m) | | F | (x + y) % m with arbitrary precision arithmetics |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mulmod(x, y, m) | | F | (x * y) % m with arbitrary precision arithmetics |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| signextend(i, x) | | F | sign extend from (i*8+7)th bit counting from least significant |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| keccak256(p, n) | | F | keccak(mem[p...(p+n))) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sha3(p, n) | | F | keccak(mem[p...(p+n))) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| jump(label) | `-` | F | jump to label / code position |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| jumpi(label, cond) | `-` | F | jump to label if cond is nonzero |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| pc | | F | current position in code |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| pop(x) | `-` | F | remove the element pushed by x |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| dup1 ... dup16 | | F | copy ith stack slot to the top (counting from top) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| swap1 ... swap16 | `*` | F | swap topmost and ith stack slot below it |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mload(p) | | F | mem[p..(p+32)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mstore(p, v) | `-` | F | mem[p..(p+32)) := v |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mstore8(p, v) | `-` | F | mem[p] := v & 0xff (only modifies a single byte) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sload(p) | | F | storage[p] |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sstore(p, v) | `-` | F | storage[p] := v |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| msize | | F | size of memory, i.e. largest accessed memory index |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gas | | F | gas still available to execution |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| address | | F | address of the current contract / execution context |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| balance(a) | | F | wei balance at address a |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| caller | | F | call sender (excluding ``delegatecall``) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| callvalue | | F | wei sent together with the current call |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| calldataload(p) | | F | call data starting from position p (32 bytes) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| calldatasize | | F | size of call data in bytes |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| calldatacopy(t, f, s) | `-` | F | copy s bytes from calldata at position f to mem at position t |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| codesize | | F | size of the code of the current contract / execution context |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| codecopy(t, f, s) | `-` | F | copy s bytes from code at position f to mem at position t |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| extcodesize(a) | | F | size of the code at address a |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| extcodecopy(a, t, f, s) | `-` | F | like codecopy(t, f, s) but take code at address a |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| returndatasize | | B | size of the last returndata |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| returndatacopy(t, f, s) | `-` | B | copy s bytes from returndata at position f to mem at position t |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| create(v, p, s) | | F | create new contract with code mem[p..(p+s)) and send v wei |
| | | | and return the new address |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| create2(v, n, p, s) | | C | create new contract with code mem[p..(p+s)) at address |
| | | | keccak256(<address> . n . keccak256(mem[p..(p+s))) and send v |
| | | | wei and return the new address |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| call(g, a, v, in, | | F | call contract at address a with input mem[in..(in+insize)) |
| insize, out, outsize) | | | providing g gas and v wei and output area |
| | | | mem[out..(out+outsize)) returning 0 on error (eg. out of gas) |
| | | | and 1 on success |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| callcode(g, a, v, in, | | F | identical to ``call`` but only use the code from a and stay |
| insize, out, outsize) | | | in the context of the current contract otherwise |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| delegatecall(g, a, in, | | H | identical to ``callcode`` but also keep ``caller`` |
| insize, out, outsize) | | | and ``callvalue`` |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| staticcall(g, a, in, | | B | identical to ``call(g, a, 0, in, insize, out, outsize)`` but do |
| insize, out, outsize) | | | not allow state modifications |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| return(p, s) | `-` | F | end execution, return data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| revert(p, s) | `-` | B | end execution, revert state changes, return data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| selfdestruct(a) | `-` | F | end execution, destroy current contract and send funds to a |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| invalid | `-` | F | end execution with invalid instruction |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log0(p, s) | `-` | F | log without topics and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log1(p, s, t1) | `-` | F | log with topic t1 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log2(p, s, t1, t2) | `-` | F | log with topics t1, t2 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log3(p, s, t1, t2, t3) | `-` | F | log with topics t1, t2, t3 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| log4(p, s, t1, t2, t3, | `-` | F | log with topics t1, t2, t3, t4 and data mem[p..(p+s)) |
| t4) | | | |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| origin | | F | transaction sender |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gasprice | | F | gas price of the transaction |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| blockhash(b) | | F | hash of block nr b - only for last 256 blocks excluding current |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| coinbase | | F | current mining beneficiary |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | | F | timestamp of the current block in seconds since the epoch |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| number | | F | current block number |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| difficulty | | F | difficulty of the current block |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| gaslimit | | F | block gas limit of the current block |
+-------------------------+-----+---+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Literals
--------