Merge pull request #951 from Denton-L/interesting-case

Document use of smaller storage variables

docs/miscellaneous.rst

@@ -15,6 +15,23 @@ Statically-sized variables (everything except mapping and dynamically-sized arra
 - If an elementary type does not fit the remaining part of a storage slot, it is moved to the next storage slot.
 - Structs and array data always start a new slot and occupy whole slots (but items inside a struct or array are packed tightly according to these rules).
 
+.. warning::
+    When using elements that are smaller than 32 bytes, your contract's gas usage may be higher.
+    This is because the EVM operates on 32 bytes at a time. Therefore, if the element is smaller
+    than that, the EVM must use more operations in order to reduce the size of the element from 32
+    bytes to the desired size.
+
+    It is only beneficial to use reduced-size arguments if you are dealing with storage values
+    because the compiler will pack multiple elements into one storage slot, and thus, combine
+    multiple reads or writes into a single operation. When dealing with function arguments or memory
+    values, there is no inherent benefit because the compiler does not pack these values.
+
+    Finally, in order to allow the EVM to optimize for this, ensure that you try to order your
+    storage variables and ``struct`` members such that they can be packed tightly. For example,
+    declaring your storage variables in the order of ``uint128, uint128, uint256`` instead of
+    ``uint128, uint256, uint128``, as the former will only take up two slots of storage whereas the
+    latter will take up three.
+
 The elements of structs and arrays are stored after each other, just as if they were given explicitly.
 
 Due to their unpredictable size, mapping and dynamically-sized array types use a ``sha3``