diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index ba0b062cc..3b97bda71 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Language Features:
 
 
 Compiler Features:
+ * Immutable variables can be read at construction time once they are initialized.
 
 
 Bugfixes:
diff --git a/docs/contracts/constant-state-variables.rst b/docs/contracts/constant-state-variables.rst
index 01a4f164c..b67068d63 100644
--- a/docs/contracts/constant-state-variables.rst
+++ b/docs/contracts/constant-state-variables.rst
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ Immutable
 Variables declared as ``immutable`` are a bit less restricted than those
 declared as ``constant``: Immutable variables can be assigned an arbitrary
 value in the constructor of the contract or at the point of their declaration.
-They cannot be read during construction time and can only be assigned once.
+They can be assigned only once and can, from that point on, be read even during
+construction time.
 
 The contract creation code generated by the compiler will modify the
 contract's runtime code before it is returned by replacing all references
@@ -84,3 +85,14 @@ to immutables by the values assigned to the them. This is important if
 you are comparing the
 runtime code generated by the compiler with the one actually stored in the
 blockchain.
+
+.. note::
+  Immutables that are assigned at their declaration are only considered
+  initialized once the constructor of the contract is executing.
+  This means you cannot initialize immutables inline with a value
+  that depends on another immutable. You can do this, however,
+  inside the constructor of the contract.
+
+  This is a safeguard against different interpretations about the order
+  of state variable initialization and constructor execution, especially
+  with regards to inheritance.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.cpp b/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.cpp
index d6dcff351..e28236fb6 100644
--- a/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.cpp
@@ -27,30 +27,31 @@ using namespace solidity::langutil;
 
 void ImmutableValidator::analyze()
 {
-	m_inConstructionContext = true;
+	m_inCreationContext = true;
 
 	auto linearizedContracts = m_currentContract.annotation().linearizedBaseContracts | ranges::views::reverse;
 
-	for (ContractDefinition const* contract: linearizedContracts)
-		for (VariableDeclaration const* stateVar: contract->stateVariables())
-			if (stateVar->value())
-				m_initializedStateVariables.emplace(stateVar);
-
 	for (ContractDefinition const* contract: linearizedContracts)
 		for (VariableDeclaration const* stateVar: contract->stateVariables())
 			if (stateVar->value())
 				stateVar->value()->accept(*this);
 
-	for (ContractDefinition const* contract: linearizedContracts)
-		if (contract->constructor())
-			visitCallableIfNew(*contract->constructor());
-
 	for (ContractDefinition const* contract: linearizedContracts)
 		for (std::shared_ptr<InheritanceSpecifier> const& inheritSpec: contract->baseContracts())
 			if (auto args = inheritSpec->arguments())
 				ASTNode::listAccept(*args, *this);
 
-	m_inConstructionContext = false;
+	for (ContractDefinition const* contract: linearizedContracts)
+	{
+		for (VariableDeclaration const* stateVar: contract->stateVariables())
+			if (stateVar->value())
+				m_initializedStateVariables.emplace(stateVar);
+
+		if (contract->constructor())
+			visitCallableIfNew(*contract->constructor());
+	}
+
+	m_inCreationContext = false;
 
 	for (ContractDefinition const* contract: linearizedContracts)
 	{
@@ -64,6 +65,15 @@ void ImmutableValidator::analyze()
 	checkAllVariablesInitialized(m_currentContract.location());
 }
 
+bool ImmutableValidator::visit(Assignment const& _assignment)
+{
+	// Need to visit values first (rhs) as they might access other immutables.
+	_assignment.rightHandSide().accept(*this);
+	_assignment.leftHandSide().accept(*this);
+	return false;
+}
+
+
 bool ImmutableValidator::visit(FunctionDefinition const& _functionDefinition)
 {
 	return analyseCallable(_functionDefinition);
@@ -207,19 +217,37 @@ void ImmutableValidator::analyseVariableReference(VariableDeclaration const& _va
 				"Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables cannot be initialized inside an if statement."
 			);
 		else if (m_initializedStateVariables.count(&_variableReference))
+		{
+			if (!read)
+				m_errorReporter.typeError(
+					1574_error,
+					_expression.location(),
+					"Immutable state variable already initialized."
+				);
+			else
+				m_errorReporter.typeError(
+					2718_error,
+					_expression.location(),
+					"Immutable variables cannot be modified after initialization."
+				);
+		}
+		else if (read)
 			m_errorReporter.typeError(
-				1574_error,
+				3969_error,
 				_expression.location(),
-				"Immutable state variable already initialized."
+				"Immutable variables must be initialized using an assignment."
 			);
 		m_initializedStateVariables.emplace(&_variableReference);
 	}
-	if (read && m_inConstructionContext)
+	if (
+		read &&
+		m_inCreationContext &&
+		!m_initializedStateVariables.count(&_variableReference)
+	)
 		m_errorReporter.typeError(
 			7733_error,
 			_expression.location(),
-			"Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means "
-			"they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it."
+			"Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized."
 		);
 }
 
diff --git a/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.h b/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.h
index 1ff58f0eb..e6d837efe 100644
--- a/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.h
+++ b/libsolidity/analysis/ImmutableValidator.h
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ namespace solidity::frontend
 
 /**
  * Validates access and initialization of immutable variables:
- * must be directly initialized in their respective c'tor
- * can not be read by any function/modifier called by the c'tor (or the c'tor itself)
+ * must be directly initialized in their respective c'tor or inline
+ * cannot be read before being initialized
+ * cannot be read when initializing state variables inline
  * must be initialized outside loops (only one initialization)
  * must be initialized outside ifs (must be initialized unconditionally)
  * must be initialized exactly once (no multiple statements)
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ public:
 	void analyze();
 
 private:
+	bool visit(Assignment const& _assignment);
 	bool visit(FunctionDefinition const& _functionDefinition);
 	bool visit(ModifierDefinition const& _modifierDefinition);
 	bool visit(MemberAccess const& _memberAccess);
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ private:
 	FunctionDefinition const* m_currentConstructor = nullptr;
 	bool m_inLoop = false;
 	bool m_inBranch = false;
-	bool m_inConstructionContext = false;
+	bool m_inCreationContext = true;
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/libsolidity/codegen/LValue.cpp b/libsolidity/codegen/LValue.cpp
index e7e069352..2622f2967 100644
--- a/libsolidity/codegen/LValue.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/codegen/LValue.cpp
@@ -155,9 +155,15 @@ ImmutableItem::ImmutableItem(CompilerContext& _compilerContext, VariableDeclarat
 void ImmutableItem::retrieveValue(SourceLocation const&, bool) const
 {
 	solUnimplementedAssert(m_dataType->isValueType(), "");
-	solAssert(!m_context.runtimeContext(), "Tried to read immutable at construction time.");
-	for (auto&& slotName: m_context.immutableVariableSlotNames(m_variable))
-		m_context.appendImmutable(slotName);
+
+	if (m_context.runtimeContext())
+		CompilerUtils(m_context).loadFromMemory(
+			static_cast<unsigned>(m_context.immutableMemoryOffset(m_variable)),
+			*m_dataType
+		);
+	else
+		for (auto&& slotName: m_context.immutableVariableSlotNames(m_variable))
+			m_context.appendImmutable(slotName);
 }
 
 void ImmutableItem::storeValue(Type const& _sourceType, SourceLocation const&, bool _move) const
diff --git a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerationContext.h b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerationContext.h
index 1790655a2..b8affcbd8 100644
--- a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerationContext.h
+++ b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerationContext.h
@@ -65,13 +65,17 @@ using InternalDispatchMap = std::map<YulArity, DispatchSet>;
 class IRGenerationContext
 {
 public:
+	enum class ExecutionContext { Creation, Deployed };
+
 	IRGenerationContext(
 		langutil::EVMVersion _evmVersion,
+		ExecutionContext _executionContext,
 		RevertStrings _revertStrings,
 		OptimiserSettings _optimiserSettings,
 		std::map<std::string, unsigned> _sourceIndices
 	):
 		m_evmVersion(_evmVersion),
+		m_executionContext(_executionContext),
 		m_revertStrings(_revertStrings),
 		m_optimiserSettings(std::move(_optimiserSettings)),
 		m_sourceIndices(std::move(_sourceIndices))
@@ -139,6 +143,7 @@ public:
 	YulUtilFunctions utils();
 
 	langutil::EVMVersion evmVersion() const { return m_evmVersion; }
+	ExecutionContext executionContext() const { return m_executionContext; }
 
 	void setArithmetic(Arithmetic _value) { m_arithmetic = _value; }
 	Arithmetic arithmetic() const { return m_arithmetic; }
@@ -162,8 +167,11 @@ public:
 
 	std::map<std::string, unsigned> const& sourceIndices() const { return m_sourceIndices; }
 
+	bool immutableRegistered(VariableDeclaration const& _varDecl) const { return m_immutableVariables.count(&_varDecl); }
+
 private:
 	langutil::EVMVersion m_evmVersion;
+	ExecutionContext m_executionContext;
 	RevertStrings m_revertStrings;
 	OptimiserSettings m_optimiserSettings;
 	std::map<std::string, unsigned> m_sourceIndices;
diff --git a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.cpp b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.cpp
index ddbe4054b..418d112e0 100644
--- a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.cpp
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ string IRGenerator::generate(
 		}
 	)");
 
-	resetContext(_contract);
+	resetContext(_contract, ExecutionContext::Creation);
 	for (VariableDeclaration const* var: ContractType(_contract).immutableVariables())
 		m_context.registerImmutableVariable(*var);
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ string IRGenerator::generate(
 	bool creationInvolvesAssembly = m_context.inlineAssemblySeen();
 	t("memoryInitCreation", memoryInit(!creationInvolvesAssembly));
 
-	resetContext(_contract);
+	resetContext(_contract, ExecutionContext::Deployed);
 
 	// NOTE: Function pointers can be passed from creation code via storage variables. We need to
 	// get all the functions they could point to into the dispatch functions even if they're never
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ string IRGenerator::memoryInit(bool _useMemoryGuard)
 		).render();
 }
 
-void IRGenerator::resetContext(ContractDefinition const& _contract)
+void IRGenerator::resetContext(ContractDefinition const& _contract, ExecutionContext _context)
 {
 	solAssert(
 		m_context.functionGenerationQueueEmpty(),
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ void IRGenerator::resetContext(ContractDefinition const& _contract)
 		m_context.internalDispatchClean(),
 		"Reset internal dispatch map without consuming it."
 	);
-	IRGenerationContext newContext(m_evmVersion, m_context.revertStrings(), m_optimiserSettings, m_context.sourceIndices());
+	IRGenerationContext newContext(m_evmVersion, _context, m_context.revertStrings(), m_optimiserSettings, m_context.sourceIndices());
 	newContext.copyFunctionIDsFrom(m_context);
 	m_context = move(newContext);
 
diff --git a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.h b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.h
index 528fc3c7b..85d611108 100644
--- a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.h
+++ b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGenerator.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class SourceUnit;
 class IRGenerator
 {
 public:
+	using ExecutionContext = IRGenerationContext::ExecutionContext;
+
 	IRGenerator(
 		langutil::EVMVersion _evmVersion,
 		RevertStrings _revertStrings,
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ public:
 	):
 		m_evmVersion(_evmVersion),
 		m_optimiserSettings(_optimiserSettings),
-		m_context(_evmVersion, _revertStrings, std::move(_optimiserSettings), std::move(_sourceIndices)),
+		m_context(_evmVersion, ExecutionContext::Creation, _revertStrings, std::move(_optimiserSettings), std::move(_sourceIndices)),
 		m_utils(_evmVersion, m_context.revertStrings(), m_context.functionCollector())
 	{}
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ private:
 	/// to perform memory optimizations.
 	std::string memoryInit(bool _useMemoryGuard);
 
-	void resetContext(ContractDefinition const& _contract);
+	void resetContext(ContractDefinition const& _contract, ExecutionContext _context);
 
 	langutil::EVMVersion const m_evmVersion;
 	OptimiserSettings const m_optimiserSettings;
diff --git a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGeneratorForStatements.cpp b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGeneratorForStatements.cpp
index 96b8c991d..bee0e1611 100644
--- a/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGeneratorForStatements.cpp
+++ b/libsolidity/codegen/ir/IRGeneratorForStatements.cpp
@@ -2934,7 +2934,14 @@ IRVariable IRGeneratorForStatements::readFromLValue(IRLValue const& _lvalue)
 			solUnimplementedAssert(_lvalue.type.isValueType(), "");
 			solUnimplementedAssert(_lvalue.type.sizeOnStack() == 1, "");
 			solAssert(_lvalue.type == *_immutable.variable->type(), "");
-			define(result) << "loadimmutable(\"" << to_string(_immutable.variable->id()) << "\")\n";
+			if (m_context.executionContext() == IRGenerationContext::ExecutionContext::Creation)
+				define(result) <<
+					m_utils.readFromMemory(*_immutable.variable->type()) <<
+					"(" <<
+					to_string(m_context.immutableMemoryOffset(*_immutable.variable)) <<
+					")\n";
+			else
+				define(result) << "loadimmutable(\"" << to_string(_immutable.variable->id()) << "\")\n";
 		},
 		[&](IRLValue::Tuple const&) {
 			solAssert(false, "Attempted to read from tuple lvalue.");
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/assign_from_immutables.sol b/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/assign_from_immutables.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e8610bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/assign_from_immutables.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+contract C {
+	uint immutable public a;
+	uint immutable public b;
+	uint immutable public c;
+	uint immutable public d;
+
+	constructor() {
+		a = 1;
+		b = a;
+		c = b;
+		d = c;
+	}
+}
+// ====
+// compileViaYul: also
+// ----
+// a() -> 1
+// b() -> 1
+// c() -> 1
+// d() -> 1
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/fun_read_in_ctor.sol b/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/fun_read_in_ctor.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b402ea8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/fun_read_in_ctor.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+contract A {
+	uint8 immutable a;
+	uint8 x;
+
+	constructor() {
+		a = 3;
+		x = readA();
+	}
+
+	function readX() public view returns (uint8) {
+		return x;
+	}
+
+	function readA() public view returns (uint8) {
+		return a;
+	}
+}
+// ====
+// compileViaYul: also
+// ----
+// readX() -> 3
+// readA() -> 3
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/read_in_ctor.sol b/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/read_in_ctor.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b1201306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/semanticTests/immutable/read_in_ctor.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+contract A {
+	uint8 immutable a;
+	uint8 x;
+
+	constructor() {
+		a = 3;
+		x = a;
+	}
+
+	function readX() public view returns (uint8) {
+		return x;
+	}
+}
+// ====
+// compileViaYul: also
+// ----
+// readX() -> 3
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_indirect_reading.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_indirect_reading.sol
index 509e0d311..0ee583b56 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_indirect_reading.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_indirect_reading.sol
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ contract C {
     function f() public pure returns (uint) { return 3 + x; }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (136-137): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (136-137): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_reading.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_reading.sol
index 9f944a890..38ff92945 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_reading.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_initialization_reading.sol
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ contract C {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (71-72): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (71-72): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_modifier_reading.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_modifier_reading.sol
index 61c13828d..5e3442e55 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_modifier_reading.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/ctor_modifier_reading.sol
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ contract C {
     function f(uint a) internal pure {}
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (119-120): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (119-120): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/decrement.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/decrement.sol
index 5717f05c8..dd081438a 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/decrement.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/decrement.sol
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ contract C {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (63-64): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 3969: (63-64): Immutable variables must be initialized using an assignment.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete.sol
index 541fceb53..bbb418c17 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete.sol
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ contract C {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (70-71): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 3969: (70-71): Immutable variables must be initialized using an assignment.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete_and_initialize.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete_and_initialize.sol
index 859a30a77..1e55d90ce 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete_and_initialize.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/delete_and_initialize.sol
@@ -5,5 +5,4 @@ contract C {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 1574: (74-75): Immutable state variable already initialized.
-// TypeError 7733: (74-75): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 2718: (74-75): Immutable variables cannot be modified after initialization.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_initialization_reading.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_initialization_reading.sol
index a50ca6dd3..7933f8e7f 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_initialization_reading.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_initialization_reading.sol
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ contract C {
     function f() public pure returns (uint) { return 3 + x; }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (99-100): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (99-100): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_initializing.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_initializing.sol
index cc175d083..0d9dabf90 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_initializing.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_initializing.sol
@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ contract C is B(C.f) {
 }
 // ----
 // TypeError 1581: (200-201): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.
+// TypeError 1574: (109-110): Immutable state variable already initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_reading.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_reading.sol
index 10726cc04..e94fd155c 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_reading.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/function_pointer_reading.sol
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ contract C is B(C.f) {
     function f() internal returns(uint) { return x + 2; }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (200-201): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (200-201): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment.sol
index 11959ebc7..020620159 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment.sol
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ contract C {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (63-64): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 3969: (63-64): Immutable variables must be initialized using an assignment.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment_decrement.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment_decrement.sol
index ccfaf1920..7b8092e1e 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment_decrement.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/increment_decrement.sol
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ contract C {
   }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (77-78): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
-// TypeError 7733: (86-87): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 3969: (77-78): Immutable variables must be initialized using an assignment.
+// TypeError 3969: (86-87): Immutable variables must be initialized using an assignment.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/indirect_reading_during_statevar_init.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/indirect_reading_during_statevar_init.sol
index 11e56b2a8..eaa2186f1 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/indirect_reading_during_statevar_init.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/indirect_reading_during_statevar_init.sol
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ contract C {
     function f() internal returns(uint) { return x; }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (107-108): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (107-108): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_ctor_inherit_specifier_argument_reading.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_ctor_inherit_specifier_argument_reading.sol
index 4b4780452..2c670df6c 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_ctor_inherit_specifier_argument_reading.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_ctor_inherit_specifier_argument_reading.sol
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ contract C is B(C.y) {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (104-107): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (104-107): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions.sol
index a241ee84c..dc11b8a61 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions.sol
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ contract C is B {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (253-254): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (253-254): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_direct_call.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_direct_call.sol
index 7dfd75d52..b8ca24a2f 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_direct_call.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_direct_call.sol
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ contract C is B {
         B.readX;
     }
 
-    function readX() internal override returns(uint) {
+    function readX() internal pure override returns(uint) {
         return 3;
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (109-110): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_super.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_super.sol
index 4782e7702..ffb699262 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_super.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_functions_super.sol
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ contract C is B {
         super.readX();
     }
 
-    function readX() internal view override returns(uint) {
+    function readX() internal pure override returns(uint) {
         return 1;
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (114-115): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_modifiers.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_modifiers.sol
index 3f4eba73e..95ea3e686 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_modifiers.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/inheritance_virtual_modifiers.sol
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ contract C is B {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (245-246): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (245-246): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_ctor_param.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_ctor_param.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b67d149b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_ctor_param.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+contract C { constructor(uint) {} }
+contract D is C {
+  uint immutable t;
+  constructor() C(t=2) {}
+}
+// ----
+// TypeError 1581: (92-93): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_inheritance_specifier_param.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_inheritance_specifier_param.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63662e1b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_inheritance_specifier_param.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+contract C { constructor(uint) {} }
+contract D is C(D.t = 2) {
+  uint immutable t;
+}
+// ----
+// TypeError 1581: (52-55): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_modifier_param.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_modifier_param.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e354b4e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/init_in_modifier_param.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+contract D {
+  uint immutable t;
+  modifier m(uint) { _; }
+  constructor() m(t=2) {}
+}
+// ----
+// TypeError 1581: (77-78): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions.sol
index 36363159c..33749c8cd 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions.sol
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ contract C is A, B {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (489-490): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (489-490): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions_with_super.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions_with_super.sol
index e97e72b44..11da864db 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions_with_super.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/multiple_inheritance_virtual_functions_with_super.sol
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ contract C is A, B {
     }
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (493-494): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (493-494): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/private_state_var.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/private_state_var.sol
index 6e9ae734a..50af6ace8 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/private_state_var.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/private_state_var.sol
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ contract C is B {
 
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (202-203): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (202-203): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/read_in_function_before_init.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/read_in_function_before_init.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ca0df270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/read_in_function_before_init.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+abstract contract A {
+	uint public t;
+	constructor() { t = f(); }
+
+	function f() virtual view internal returns (uint);
+}
+contract B is A {
+	uint immutable x = 2;
+	function f() override view internal returns (uint) { return x; }
+}
+// ----
+// TypeError 7733: (223-224): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/read_in_function_before_init2.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/read_in_function_before_init2.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e939b0b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/read_in_function_before_init2.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+contract C {
+  uint immutable t = 2;
+  uint x = f();
+  function f() internal pure returns (uint) { return t; }
+}
+// ----
+// TypeError 7733: (106-107): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_after_initialization_function.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_after_initialization_function.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70d4ac4c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_after_initialization_function.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+contract C {
+    uint immutable x ;
+
+	constructor()
+	{
+		readX();
+		x = 3;
+		readX();
+	}
+
+	function readX() public view returns(uint) {
+		return x;
+	}
+}
+// ----
+// TypeError 7733: (145-146): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_during_statevar_init.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_during_statevar_init.sol
index 2f4b98c3f..ae73679ea 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_during_statevar_init.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/reading_during_statevar_init.sol
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@ contract C {
     uint y = x;
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 7733: (52-53): Immutable variables cannot be read during contract creation time, which means they cannot be read in the constructor or any function or modifier called from it.
+// TypeError 7733: (52-53): Immutable variables cannot be read before they are initialized.
diff --git a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/variable_declaration_already.sol b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/variable_declaration_already.sol
index 73fe59801..06d2bfa79 100644
--- a/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/variable_declaration_already.sol
+++ b/test/libsolidity/syntaxTests/immutable/variable_declaration_already.sol
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ contract C {
     uint immutable y = 5;
 }
 // ----
-// TypeError 1581: (62-63): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.
 // TypeError 1581: (66-67): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.
+// TypeError 1581: (62-63): Cannot write to immutable here: Immutable variables can only be initialized inline or assigned directly in the constructor.