// Copyright 2020 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . // Tests that abnormal program termination (i.e.crash) and restart can recovery // the snapshot properly if the snapshot is enabled. package core import ( "bytes" "fmt" "math/big" "os" "strings" "testing" "time" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" ) // snapshotTestBasic wraps the common testing fields in the snapshot tests. type snapshotTestBasic struct { chainBlocks int // Number of blocks to generate for the canonical chain snapshotBlock uint64 // Block number of the relevant snapshot disk layer commitBlock uint64 // Block number for which to commit the state to disk expCanonicalBlocks int // Number of canonical blocks expected to remain in the database (excl. genesis) expHeadHeader uint64 // Block number of the expected head header expHeadFastBlock uint64 // Block number of the expected head fast sync block expHeadBlock uint64 // Block number of the expected head full block expSnapshotBottom uint64 // The block height corresponding to the snapshot disk layer // share fields, set in runtime datadir string db ethdb.Database genDb ethdb.Database engine consensus.Engine gspec *Genesis } func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) prepare(t *testing.T) (*BlockChain, []*types.Block) { // Create a temporary persistent database datadir := t.TempDir() db, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.OpenOptions{ Directory: datadir, AncientsDirectory: datadir, }) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to create persistent database: %v", err) } // Initialize a fresh chain var ( gspec = &Genesis{ BaseFee: big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), Config: params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, } engine = ethash.NewFullFaker() // Snapshot is enabled, the first snapshot is created from the Genesis. // The snapshot memory allowance is 256MB, it means no snapshot flush // will happen during the block insertion. cacheConfig = defaultCacheConfig ) chain, err := NewBlockChain(db, cacheConfig, gspec, nil, engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to create chain: %v", err) } genDb, blocks, _ := GenerateChainWithGenesis(gspec, engine, basic.chainBlocks, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {}) // Insert the blocks with configured settings. var breakpoints []uint64 if basic.commitBlock > basic.snapshotBlock { breakpoints = append(breakpoints, basic.snapshotBlock, basic.commitBlock) } else { breakpoints = append(breakpoints, basic.commitBlock, basic.snapshotBlock) } var startPoint uint64 for _, point := range breakpoints { if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[startPoint:point]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain start: %v", err) } startPoint = point if basic.commitBlock > 0 && basic.commitBlock == point { chain.stateCache.TrieDB().Commit(blocks[point-1].Root(), false) } if basic.snapshotBlock > 0 && basic.snapshotBlock == point { // Flushing the entire snap tree into the disk, the // relevant (a) snapshot root and (b) snapshot generator // will be persisted atomically. chain.snaps.Cap(blocks[point-1].Root(), 0) diskRoot, blockRoot := chain.snaps.DiskRoot(), blocks[point-1].Root() if !bytes.Equal(diskRoot.Bytes(), blockRoot.Bytes()) { t.Fatalf("Failed to flush disk layer change, want %x, got %x", blockRoot, diskRoot) } } } if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks[startPoint:]); err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to import canonical chain tail: %v", err) } // Set runtime fields basic.datadir = datadir basic.db = db basic.genDb = genDb basic.engine = engine basic.gspec = gspec return chain, blocks } func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) verify(t *testing.T, chain *BlockChain, blocks []*types.Block) { // Iterate over all the remaining blocks and ensure there are no gaps verifyNoGaps(t, chain, true, blocks) verifyCutoff(t, chain, true, blocks, basic.expCanonicalBlocks) if head := chain.CurrentHeader(); head.Number.Uint64() != basic.expHeadHeader { t.Errorf("Head header mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.Number, basic.expHeadHeader) } if head := chain.CurrentFastBlock(); head.NumberU64() != basic.expHeadFastBlock { t.Errorf("Head fast block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.NumberU64(), basic.expHeadFastBlock) } if head := chain.CurrentBlock(); head.NumberU64() != basic.expHeadBlock { t.Errorf("Head block mismatch: have %d, want %d", head.NumberU64(), basic.expHeadBlock) } // Check the disk layer, ensure they are matched block := chain.GetBlockByNumber(basic.expSnapshotBottom) if block == nil { t.Errorf("The corresponding block[%d] of snapshot disk layer is missing", basic.expSnapshotBottom) } else if !bytes.Equal(chain.snaps.DiskRoot().Bytes(), block.Root().Bytes()) { t.Errorf("The snapshot disk layer root is incorrect, want %x, get %x", block.Root(), chain.snaps.DiskRoot()) } // Check the snapshot, ensure it's integrated if err := chain.snaps.Verify(block.Root()); err != nil { t.Errorf("The disk layer is not integrated %v", err) } } //nolint:unused func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) dump() string { buffer := new(strings.Builder) fmt.Fprint(buffer, "Chain:\n G") for i := 0; i < basic.chainBlocks; i++ { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "->C%d", i+1) } fmt.Fprint(buffer, " (HEAD)\n\n") fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Commit: G") if basic.commitBlock > 0 { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, ", C%d", basic.commitBlock) } fmt.Fprint(buffer, "\n") fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Snapshot: G") if basic.snapshotBlock > 0 { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, ", C%d", basic.snapshotBlock) } fmt.Fprint(buffer, "\n") //if crash { // fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "\nCRASH\n\n") //} else { // fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "\nSetHead(%d)\n\n", basic.setHead) //} fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "------------------------------\n\n") fmt.Fprint(buffer, "Expected in leveldb:\n G") for i := 0; i < basic.expCanonicalBlocks; i++ { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "->C%d", i+1) } fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "\n\n") fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Expected head header : C%d\n", basic.expHeadHeader) fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Expected head fast block: C%d\n", basic.expHeadFastBlock) if basic.expHeadBlock == 0 { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Expected head block : G\n") } else { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Expected head block : C%d\n", basic.expHeadBlock) } if basic.expSnapshotBottom == 0 { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Expected snapshot disk : G\n") } else { fmt.Fprintf(buffer, "Expected snapshot disk : C%d\n", basic.expSnapshotBottom) } return buffer.String() } func (basic *snapshotTestBasic) teardown() { basic.db.Close() basic.genDb.Close() os.RemoveAll(basic.datadir) } // snapshotTest is a test case type for normal snapshot recovery. // It can be used for testing that restart Geth normally. type snapshotTest struct { snapshotTestBasic } func (snaptest *snapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) { // It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input // log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true)))) // fmt.Println(tt.dump()) chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t) // Restart the chain normally chain.Stop() newchain, err := NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, nil, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } defer newchain.Stop() snaptest.verify(t, newchain, blocks) } // crashSnapshotTest is a test case type for innormal snapshot recovery. // It can be used for testing that restart Geth after the crash. type crashSnapshotTest struct { snapshotTestBasic } func (snaptest *crashSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) { // It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input // log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true)))) // fmt.Println(tt.dump()) chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t) // Pull the plug on the database, simulating a hard crash db := chain.db db.Close() chain.stopWithoutSaving() // Start a new blockchain back up and see where the repair leads us newdb, err := rawdb.Open(rawdb.OpenOptions{ Directory: snaptest.datadir, AncientsDirectory: snaptest.datadir, }) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to reopen persistent database: %v", err) } defer newdb.Close() // The interesting thing is: instead of starting the blockchain after // the crash, we do restart twice here: one after the crash and one // after the normal stop. It's used to ensure the broken snapshot // can be detected all the time. newchain, err := NewBlockChain(newdb, nil, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } newchain.Stop() newchain, err = NewBlockChain(newdb, nil, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } defer newchain.Stop() snaptest.verify(t, newchain, blocks) } // gappedSnapshotTest is a test type used to test this scenario: // - have a complete snapshot // - restart without enabling the snapshot // - insert a few blocks // - restart with enabling the snapshot again type gappedSnapshotTest struct { snapshotTestBasic gapped int // Number of blocks to insert without enabling snapshot } func (snaptest *gappedSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) { // It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input // log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true)))) // fmt.Println(tt.dump()) chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t) // Insert blocks without enabling snapshot if gapping is required. chain.Stop() gappedBlocks, _ := GenerateChain(params.TestChainConfig, blocks[len(blocks)-1], snaptest.engine, snaptest.genDb, snaptest.gapped, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {}) // Insert a few more blocks without enabling snapshot var cacheConfig = &CacheConfig{ TrieCleanLimit: 256, TrieDirtyLimit: 256, TrieTimeLimit: 5 * time.Minute, SnapshotLimit: 0, } newchain, err := NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, cacheConfig, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } newchain.InsertChain(gappedBlocks) newchain.Stop() // Restart the chain with enabling the snapshot newchain, err = NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, nil, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } defer newchain.Stop() snaptest.verify(t, newchain, blocks) } // setHeadSnapshotTest is the test type used to test this scenario: // - have a complete snapshot // - set the head to a lower point // - restart type setHeadSnapshotTest struct { snapshotTestBasic setHead uint64 // Block number to set head back to } func (snaptest *setHeadSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) { // It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input // log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true)))) // fmt.Println(tt.dump()) chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t) // Rewind the chain if setHead operation is required. chain.SetHead(snaptest.setHead) chain.Stop() newchain, err := NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, nil, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } defer newchain.Stop() snaptest.verify(t, newchain, blocks) } // wipeCrashSnapshotTest is the test type used to test this scenario: // - have a complete snapshot // - restart, insert more blocks without enabling the snapshot // - restart again with enabling the snapshot // - crash type wipeCrashSnapshotTest struct { snapshotTestBasic newBlocks int } func (snaptest *wipeCrashSnapshotTest) test(t *testing.T) { // It's hard to follow the test case, visualize the input // log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlTrace, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true)))) // fmt.Println(tt.dump()) chain, blocks := snaptest.prepare(t) // Firstly, stop the chain properly, with all snapshot journal // and state committed. chain.Stop() config := &CacheConfig{ TrieCleanLimit: 256, TrieDirtyLimit: 256, TrieTimeLimit: 5 * time.Minute, SnapshotLimit: 0, } newchain, err := NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, config, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } newBlocks, _ := GenerateChain(params.TestChainConfig, blocks[len(blocks)-1], snaptest.engine, snaptest.genDb, snaptest.newBlocks, func(i int, b *BlockGen) {}) newchain.InsertChain(newBlocks) newchain.Stop() // Restart the chain, the wiper should starts working config = &CacheConfig{ TrieCleanLimit: 256, TrieDirtyLimit: 256, TrieTimeLimit: 5 * time.Minute, SnapshotLimit: 256, SnapshotWait: false, // Don't wait rebuild } tmp, err := NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, config, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } // Simulate the blockchain crash. tmp.stopWithoutSaving() newchain, err = NewBlockChain(snaptest.db, nil, snaptest.gspec, nil, snaptest.engine, vm.Config{}, nil, nil) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("Failed to recreate chain: %v", err) } defer newchain.Stop() snaptest.verify(t, newchain, blocks) } // Tests a Geth restart with valid snapshot. Before the shutdown, all snapshot // journal will be persisted correctly. In this case no snapshot recovery is // required. func TestRestartWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G // Snapshot: G // // SetHead(0) // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 // // Expected head header : C8 // Expected head fast block: C8 // Expected head block : C8 // Expected snapshot disk : G test := &snapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 0, commitBlock: 0, expCanonicalBlocks: 8, expHeadHeader: 8, expHeadFastBlock: 8, expHeadBlock: 8, expSnapshotBottom: 0, // Initial disk layer built from genesis }, } test.test(t) test.teardown() } // Tests a Geth was crashed and restarts with a broken snapshot. In this case the // chain head should be rewound to the point with available state. And also the // new head should must be lower than disk layer. But there is no committed point // so the chain should be rewound to genesis and the disk layer should be left // for recovery. func TestNoCommitCrashWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G // Snapshot: G, C4 // // CRASH // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 // // Expected head header : C8 // Expected head fast block: C8 // Expected head block : G // Expected snapshot disk : C4 test := &crashSnapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 4, commitBlock: 0, expCanonicalBlocks: 8, expHeadHeader: 8, expHeadFastBlock: 8, expHeadBlock: 0, expSnapshotBottom: 4, // Last committed disk layer, wait recovery }, } test.test(t) test.teardown() } // Tests a Geth was crashed and restarts with a broken snapshot. In this case the // chain head should be rewound to the point with available state. And also the // new head should must be lower than disk layer. But there is only a low committed // point so the chain should be rewound to committed point and the disk layer // should be left for recovery. func TestLowCommitCrashWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G, C2 // Snapshot: G, C4 // // CRASH // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 // // Expected head header : C8 // Expected head fast block: C8 // Expected head block : C2 // Expected snapshot disk : C4 test := &crashSnapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 4, commitBlock: 2, expCanonicalBlocks: 8, expHeadHeader: 8, expHeadFastBlock: 8, expHeadBlock: 2, expSnapshotBottom: 4, // Last committed disk layer, wait recovery }, } test.test(t) test.teardown() } // Tests a Geth was crashed and restarts with a broken snapshot. In this case // the chain head should be rewound to the point with available state. And also // the new head should must be lower than disk layer. But there is only a high // committed point so the chain should be rewound to genesis and the disk layer // should be left for recovery. func TestHighCommitCrashWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G, C6 // Snapshot: G, C4 // // CRASH // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 // // Expected head header : C8 // Expected head fast block: C8 // Expected head block : G // Expected snapshot disk : C4 test := &crashSnapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 4, commitBlock: 6, expCanonicalBlocks: 8, expHeadHeader: 8, expHeadFastBlock: 8, expHeadBlock: 0, expSnapshotBottom: 4, // Last committed disk layer, wait recovery }, } test.test(t) test.teardown() } // Tests a Geth was running with snapshot enabled. Then restarts without // enabling snapshot and after that re-enable the snapshot again. In this // case the snapshot should be rebuilt with latest chain head. func TestGappedNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G // Snapshot: G // // SetHead(0) // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8->C9->C10 // // Expected head header : C10 // Expected head fast block: C10 // Expected head block : C10 // Expected snapshot disk : C10 test := &gappedSnapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic: snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 0, commitBlock: 0, expCanonicalBlocks: 10, expHeadHeader: 10, expHeadFastBlock: 10, expHeadBlock: 10, expSnapshotBottom: 10, // Rebuilt snapshot from the latest HEAD }, gapped: 2, } test.test(t) test.teardown() } // Tests the Geth was running with snapshot enabled and resetHead is applied. // In this case the head is rewound to the target(with state available). After // that the chain is restarted and the original disk layer is kept. func TestSetHeadWithNewSnapshot(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G // Snapshot: G // // SetHead(4) // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4 // // Expected head header : C4 // Expected head fast block: C4 // Expected head block : C4 // Expected snapshot disk : G test := &setHeadSnapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic: snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 0, commitBlock: 0, expCanonicalBlocks: 4, expHeadHeader: 4, expHeadFastBlock: 4, expHeadBlock: 4, expSnapshotBottom: 0, // The initial disk layer is built from the genesis }, setHead: 4, } test.test(t) test.teardown() } // Tests the Geth was running with a complete snapshot and then imports a few // more new blocks on top without enabling the snapshot. After the restart, // crash happens. Check everything is ok after the restart. func TestRecoverSnapshotFromWipingCrash(t *testing.T) { // Chain: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8 (HEAD) // // Commit: G // Snapshot: G // // SetHead(0) // // ------------------------------ // // Expected in leveldb: // G->C1->C2->C3->C4->C5->C6->C7->C8->C9->C10 // // Expected head header : C10 // Expected head fast block: C10 // Expected head block : C8 // Expected snapshot disk : C10 test := &wipeCrashSnapshotTest{ snapshotTestBasic: snapshotTestBasic{ chainBlocks: 8, snapshotBlock: 4, commitBlock: 0, expCanonicalBlocks: 10, expHeadHeader: 10, expHeadFastBlock: 10, expHeadBlock: 10, expSnapshotBottom: 10, }, newBlocks: 2, } test.test(t) test.teardown() }