// Copyright 2022 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . package js import ( "encoding/json" "errors" "fmt" "math/big" "time" "github.com/dop251/goja" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers" jsassets "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/tracers/js/internal/tracers" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" ) var assetTracers = make(map[string]string) // init retrieves the JavaScript transaction tracers included in go-ethereum. func init() { var err error assetTracers, err = jsassets.Load() if err != nil { panic(err) } tracers.RegisterLookup(true, newGojaTracer) } // bigIntProgram is compiled once and the exported function mostly invoked to convert // hex strings into big ints. var bigIntProgram = goja.MustCompile("bigInt", bigIntegerJS, false) type toBigFn = func(vm *goja.Runtime, val string) (goja.Value, error) type toBufFn = func(vm *goja.Runtime, val []byte) (goja.Value, error) type fromBufFn = func(vm *goja.Runtime, buf goja.Value, allowString bool) ([]byte, error) func toBuf(vm *goja.Runtime, bufType goja.Value, val []byte) (goja.Value, error) { // bufType is usually Uint8Array. This is equivalent to `new Uint8Array(val)` in JS. res, err := vm.New(bufType, vm.ToValue(val)) if err != nil { return nil, err } return vm.ToValue(res), nil } func fromBuf(vm *goja.Runtime, bufType goja.Value, buf goja.Value, allowString bool) ([]byte, error) { obj := buf.ToObject(vm) switch obj.ClassName() { case "String": if !allowString { break } return common.FromHex(obj.String()), nil case "Array": var b []byte if err := vm.ExportTo(buf, &b); err != nil { return nil, err } return b, nil case "Object": if !obj.Get("constructor").SameAs(bufType) { break } var b []byte if err := vm.ExportTo(buf, &b); err != nil { return nil, err } return b, nil } return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid buffer type") } type gojaTracer struct { vm *goja.Runtime env *vm.EVM toBig toBigFn // Converts a hex string into a JS bigint toBuf toBufFn // Converts a []byte into a JS buffer fromBuf fromBufFn // Converts an array, hex string or Uint8Array to a []byte ctx map[string]goja.Value // KV-bag passed to JS in `result` activePrecompiles []common.Address // List of active precompiles at current block traceStep bool // True if tracer object exposes a `step()` method traceFrame bool // True if tracer object exposes the `enter()` and `exit()` methods gasLimit uint64 // Amount of gas bought for the whole tx err error // Any error that should stop tracing obj *goja.Object // Trace object // Methods exposed by tracer result goja.Callable fault goja.Callable step goja.Callable enter goja.Callable exit goja.Callable // Underlying structs being passed into JS log *steplog frame *callframe frameResult *callframeResult // Goja-wrapping of types prepared for JS consumption logValue goja.Value dbValue goja.Value frameValue goja.Value frameResultValue goja.Value } func newGojaTracer(code string, ctx *tracers.Context) (tracers.Tracer, error) { if c, ok := assetTracers[code]; ok { code = c } vm := goja.New() // By default field names are exported to JS as is, i.e. capitalized. vm.SetFieldNameMapper(goja.UncapFieldNameMapper()) t := &gojaTracer{ vm: vm, ctx: make(map[string]goja.Value), } if ctx == nil { ctx = new(tracers.Context) } if ctx.BlockHash != (common.Hash{}) { t.ctx["blockHash"] = vm.ToValue(ctx.BlockHash.Bytes()) if ctx.TxHash != (common.Hash{}) { t.ctx["txIndex"] = vm.ToValue(ctx.TxIndex) t.ctx["txHash"] = vm.ToValue(ctx.TxHash.Bytes()) } } t.setTypeConverters() t.setBuiltinFunctions() ret, err := vm.RunString("(" + code + ")") if err != nil { return nil, err } // Check tracer's interface for required and optional methods. obj := ret.ToObject(vm) result, ok := goja.AssertFunction(obj.Get("result")) if !ok { return nil, errors.New("trace object must expose a function result()") } fault, ok := goja.AssertFunction(obj.Get("fault")) if !ok { return nil, errors.New("trace object must expose a function fault()") } step, ok := goja.AssertFunction(obj.Get("step")) t.traceStep = ok enter, hasEnter := goja.AssertFunction(obj.Get("enter")) exit, hasExit := goja.AssertFunction(obj.Get("exit")) if hasEnter != hasExit { return nil, errors.New("trace object must expose either both or none of enter() and exit()") } t.traceFrame = hasEnter t.obj = obj t.step = step t.enter = enter t.exit = exit t.result = result t.fault = fault // Setup objects carrying data to JS. These are created once and re-used. t.log = &steplog{ vm: vm, op: &opObj{vm: vm}, memory: &memoryObj{w: new(memoryWrapper), vm: vm, toBig: t.toBig, toBuf: t.toBuf}, stack: &stackObj{w: new(stackWrapper), vm: vm, toBig: t.toBig}, contract: &contractObj{vm: vm, toBig: t.toBig, toBuf: t.toBuf}, } t.frame = &callframe{vm: vm, toBig: t.toBig, toBuf: t.toBuf} t.frameResult = &callframeResult{vm: vm, toBuf: t.toBuf} t.frameValue = t.frame.setupObject() t.frameResultValue = t.frameResult.setupObject() t.logValue = t.log.setupObject() return t, nil } // CaptureTxStart implements the Tracer interface and is invoked at the beginning of // transaction processing. func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureTxStart(gasLimit uint64) { t.gasLimit = gasLimit } // CaptureTxStart implements the Tracer interface and is invoked at the end of // transaction processing. func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureTxEnd(restGas uint64) {} // CaptureStart implements the Tracer interface to initialize the tracing operation. func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureStart(env *vm.EVM, from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) { t.env = env db := &dbObj{db: env.StateDB, vm: t.vm, toBig: t.toBig, toBuf: t.toBuf, fromBuf: t.fromBuf} t.dbValue = db.setupObject() if create { t.ctx["type"] = t.vm.ToValue("CREATE") } else { t.ctx["type"] = t.vm.ToValue("CALL") } t.ctx["from"] = t.vm.ToValue(from.Bytes()) t.ctx["to"] = t.vm.ToValue(to.Bytes()) t.ctx["input"] = t.vm.ToValue(input) t.ctx["gas"] = t.vm.ToValue(gas) t.ctx["gasPrice"] = t.vm.ToValue(env.TxContext.GasPrice) valueBig, err := t.toBig(t.vm, value.String()) if err != nil { t.err = err return } t.ctx["value"] = valueBig t.ctx["block"] = t.vm.ToValue(env.Context.BlockNumber.Uint64()) // Update list of precompiles based on current block rules := env.ChainConfig().Rules(env.Context.BlockNumber, env.Context.Random != nil) t.activePrecompiles = vm.ActivePrecompiles(rules) t.ctx["intrinsicGas"] = t.vm.ToValue(t.gasLimit - gas) } // CaptureState implements the Tracer interface to trace a single step of VM execution. func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureState(pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, rData []byte, depth int, err error) { if !t.traceStep { return } if t.err != nil { return } log := t.log log.op.op = op log.memory.w.memory = scope.Memory log.stack.w.stack = scope.Stack log.contract.contract = scope.Contract log.pc = uint(pc) log.gas = uint(gas) log.cost = uint(cost) log.depth = uint(depth) log.err = err if _, err := t.step(t.obj, t.logValue, t.dbValue); err != nil { t.err = wrapError("step", err) } } // CaptureFault implements the Tracer interface to trace an execution fault func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureFault(pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, scope *vm.ScopeContext, depth int, err error) { if t.err != nil { return } // Other log fields have been already set as part of the last CaptureState. t.log.err = err if _, err := t.fault(t.obj, t.logValue, t.dbValue); err != nil { t.err = wrapError("fault", err) } } // CaptureEnd is called after the call finishes to finalize the tracing. func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, duration time.Duration, err error) { t.ctx["output"] = t.vm.ToValue(output) t.ctx["time"] = t.vm.ToValue(duration.String()) t.ctx["gasUsed"] = t.vm.ToValue(gasUsed) if err != nil { t.ctx["error"] = t.vm.ToValue(err.Error()) } } // CaptureEnter is called when EVM enters a new scope (via call, create or selfdestruct). func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureEnter(typ vm.OpCode, from common.Address, to common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) { if !t.traceFrame { return } if t.err != nil { return } t.frame.typ = typ.String() t.frame.from = from t.frame.to = to t.frame.input = common.CopyBytes(input) t.frame.gas = uint(gas) t.frame.value = nil if value != nil { t.frame.value = new(big.Int).SetBytes(value.Bytes()) } if _, err := t.enter(t.obj, t.frameValue); err != nil { t.err = wrapError("enter", err) } } // CaptureExit is called when EVM exits a scope, even if the scope didn't // execute any code. func (t *gojaTracer) CaptureExit(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, err error) { if !t.traceFrame { return } t.frameResult.gasUsed = uint(gasUsed) t.frameResult.output = common.CopyBytes(output) t.frameResult.err = err if _, err := t.exit(t.obj, t.frameResultValue); err != nil { t.err = wrapError("exit", err) } } // GetResult calls the Javascript 'result' function and returns its value, or any accumulated error func (t *gojaTracer) GetResult() (json.RawMessage, error) { ctx := t.vm.ToValue(t.ctx) res, err := t.result(t.obj, ctx, t.dbValue) if err != nil { return nil, wrapError("result", err) } encoded, err := json.Marshal(res) if err != nil { return nil, err } return json.RawMessage(encoded), t.err } // Stop terminates execution of the tracer at the first opportune moment. func (t *gojaTracer) Stop(err error) { t.vm.Interrupt(err) t.env.Cancel() } // setBuiltinFunctions injects Go functions which are available to tracers into the environment. // It depends on type converters having been set up. func (t *gojaTracer) setBuiltinFunctions() { vm := t.vm // TODO: load console from goja-nodejs vm.Set("toHex", func(v goja.Value) string { b, err := t.fromBuf(vm, v, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } return hexutil.Encode(b) }) vm.Set("toWord", func(v goja.Value) goja.Value { // TODO: add test with []byte len < 32 or > 32 b, err := t.fromBuf(vm, v, true) if err != nil { panic(err) } b = common.BytesToHash(b).Bytes() res, err := t.toBuf(vm, b) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res }) vm.Set("toAddress", func(v goja.Value) goja.Value { a, err := t.fromBuf(vm, v, true) if err != nil { panic(err) } a = common.BytesToAddress(a).Bytes() res, err := t.toBuf(vm, a) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res }) vm.Set("toContract", func(from goja.Value, nonce uint) goja.Value { a, err := t.fromBuf(vm, from, true) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) b := crypto.CreateAddress(addr, uint64(nonce)).Bytes() res, err := t.toBuf(vm, b) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res }) vm.Set("toContract2", func(from goja.Value, salt string, initcode goja.Value) goja.Value { a, err := t.fromBuf(vm, from, true) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) code, err := t.fromBuf(vm, initcode, true) if err != nil { panic(err) } code = common.CopyBytes(code) codeHash := crypto.Keccak256(code) b := crypto.CreateAddress2(addr, common.HexToHash(salt), codeHash).Bytes() res, err := t.toBuf(vm, b) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res }) vm.Set("isPrecompiled", func(v goja.Value) bool { a, err := t.fromBuf(vm, v, true) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) for _, p := range t.activePrecompiles { if p == addr { return true } } return false }) vm.Set("slice", func(slice goja.Value, start, end int) goja.Value { b, err := t.fromBuf(vm, slice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } if start < 0 || start > end || end > len(b) { log.Warn("Tracer accessed out of bound memory", "available", len(b), "offset", start, "size", end-start) } res, err := t.toBuf(vm, b[start:end]) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res }) } // setTypeConverters sets up utilities for converting Go types into those // suitable for JS consumption. func (t *gojaTracer) setTypeConverters() error { // Inject bigint logic. // TODO: To be replaced after goja adds support for native JS bigint. toBigCode, err := t.vm.RunProgram(bigIntProgram) if err != nil { return err } // Used to create JS bigint objects from go. toBigFn, ok := goja.AssertFunction(toBigCode) if !ok { return errors.New("failed to bind bigInt func") } toBigWrapper := func(vm *goja.Runtime, val string) (goja.Value, error) { return toBigFn(goja.Undefined(), vm.ToValue(val)) } t.toBig = toBigWrapper // NOTE: We need this workaround to create JS buffers because // goja doesn't at the moment expose constructors for typed arrays. // // Cache uint8ArrayType once to be used every time for less overhead. uint8ArrayType := t.vm.Get("Uint8Array") toBufWrapper := func(vm *goja.Runtime, val []byte) (goja.Value, error) { return toBuf(vm, uint8ArrayType, val) } t.toBuf = toBufWrapper fromBufWrapper := func(vm *goja.Runtime, buf goja.Value, allowString bool) ([]byte, error) { return fromBuf(vm, uint8ArrayType, buf, allowString) } t.fromBuf = fromBufWrapper return nil } type opObj struct { vm *goja.Runtime op vm.OpCode } func (o *opObj) ToNumber() int { return int(o.op) } func (o *opObj) ToString() string { return o.op.String() } func (o *opObj) IsPush() bool { return o.op.IsPush() } func (o *opObj) setupObject() *goja.Object { obj := o.vm.NewObject() obj.Set("toNumber", o.vm.ToValue(o.ToNumber)) obj.Set("toString", o.vm.ToValue(o.ToString)) obj.Set("isPush", o.vm.ToValue(o.IsPush)) return obj } type memoryObj struct { w *memoryWrapper vm *goja.Runtime toBig toBigFn toBuf toBufFn } func (mo *memoryObj) Slice(begin, end int64) goja.Value { b := mo.w.slice(begin, end) res, err := mo.toBuf(mo.vm, b) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (mo *memoryObj) GetUint(addr int64) goja.Value { value := mo.w.getUint(addr) res, err := mo.toBig(mo.vm, value.String()) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (mo *memoryObj) Length() int { return mo.w.memory.Len() } func (m *memoryObj) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := m.vm.NewObject() o.Set("slice", m.vm.ToValue(m.Slice)) o.Set("getUint", m.vm.ToValue(m.GetUint)) o.Set("length", m.vm.ToValue(m.Length)) return o } type stackObj struct { w *stackWrapper vm *goja.Runtime toBig toBigFn } func (s *stackObj) Peek(idx int) goja.Value { value := s.w.peek(idx) res, err := s.toBig(s.vm, value.String()) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (s *stackObj) Length() int { return len(s.w.stack.Data()) } func (s *stackObj) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := s.vm.NewObject() o.Set("peek", s.vm.ToValue(s.Peek)) o.Set("length", s.vm.ToValue(s.Length)) return o } type dbObj struct { db vm.StateDB vm *goja.Runtime toBig toBigFn toBuf toBufFn fromBuf fromBufFn } func (do *dbObj) GetBalance(addrSlice goja.Value) goja.Value { a, err := do.fromBuf(do.vm, addrSlice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) value := do.db.GetBalance(addr) res, err := do.toBig(do.vm, value.String()) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (do *dbObj) GetNonce(addrSlice goja.Value) uint64 { a, err := do.fromBuf(do.vm, addrSlice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) return do.db.GetNonce(addr) } func (do *dbObj) GetCode(addrSlice goja.Value) goja.Value { a, err := do.fromBuf(do.vm, addrSlice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) code := do.db.GetCode(addr) res, err := do.toBuf(do.vm, code) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (do *dbObj) GetState(addrSlice goja.Value, hashSlice goja.Value) goja.Value { a, err := do.fromBuf(do.vm, addrSlice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) h, err := do.fromBuf(do.vm, hashSlice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } hash := common.BytesToHash(h) state := do.db.GetState(addr, hash).Bytes() res, err := do.toBuf(do.vm, state) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (do *dbObj) Exists(addrSlice goja.Value) bool { a, err := do.fromBuf(do.vm, addrSlice, false) if err != nil { panic(err) } addr := common.BytesToAddress(a) return do.db.Exist(addr) } func (do *dbObj) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := do.vm.NewObject() o.Set("getBalance", do.vm.ToValue(do.GetBalance)) o.Set("getNonce", do.vm.ToValue(do.GetNonce)) o.Set("getCode", do.vm.ToValue(do.GetCode)) o.Set("getState", do.vm.ToValue(do.GetState)) o.Set("exists", do.vm.ToValue(do.Exists)) return o } type contractObj struct { contract *vm.Contract vm *goja.Runtime toBig toBigFn toBuf toBufFn } func (co *contractObj) GetCaller() goja.Value { caller := co.contract.Caller().Bytes() res, err := co.toBuf(co.vm, caller) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (co *contractObj) GetAddress() goja.Value { addr := co.contract.Address().Bytes() res, err := co.toBuf(co.vm, addr) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (co *contractObj) GetValue() goja.Value { value := co.contract.Value() res, err := co.toBig(co.vm, value.String()) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (co *contractObj) GetInput() goja.Value { input := co.contract.Input res, err := co.toBuf(co.vm, input) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (c *contractObj) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := c.vm.NewObject() o.Set("getCaller", c.vm.ToValue(c.GetCaller)) o.Set("getAddress", c.vm.ToValue(c.GetAddress)) o.Set("getValue", c.vm.ToValue(c.GetValue)) o.Set("getInput", c.vm.ToValue(c.GetInput)) return o } type callframe struct { vm *goja.Runtime toBig toBigFn toBuf toBufFn typ string from common.Address to common.Address input []byte gas uint value *big.Int } func (f *callframe) GetType() string { return f.typ } func (f *callframe) GetFrom() goja.Value { from := f.from.Bytes() res, err := f.toBuf(f.vm, from) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (f *callframe) GetTo() goja.Value { to := f.to.Bytes() res, err := f.toBuf(f.vm, to) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (f *callframe) GetInput() goja.Value { input := f.input res, err := f.toBuf(f.vm, input) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (f *callframe) GetGas() uint { return f.gas } func (f *callframe) GetValue() goja.Value { if f.value == nil { return goja.Undefined() } res, err := f.toBig(f.vm, f.value.String()) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (f *callframe) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := f.vm.NewObject() o.Set("getType", f.vm.ToValue(f.GetType)) o.Set("getFrom", f.vm.ToValue(f.GetFrom)) o.Set("getTo", f.vm.ToValue(f.GetTo)) o.Set("getInput", f.vm.ToValue(f.GetInput)) o.Set("getGas", f.vm.ToValue(f.GetGas)) o.Set("getValue", f.vm.ToValue(f.GetValue)) return o } type callframeResult struct { vm *goja.Runtime toBuf toBufFn gasUsed uint output []byte err error } func (r *callframeResult) GetGasUsed() uint { return r.gasUsed } func (r *callframeResult) GetOutput() goja.Value { res, err := r.toBuf(r.vm, r.output) if err != nil { panic(err) } return res } func (r *callframeResult) GetError() goja.Value { if r.err != nil { return r.vm.ToValue(r.err.Error()) } return goja.Undefined() } func (r *callframeResult) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := r.vm.NewObject() o.Set("getGasUsed", r.vm.ToValue(r.GetGasUsed)) o.Set("getOutput", r.vm.ToValue(r.GetOutput)) o.Set("getError", r.vm.ToValue(r.GetError)) return o } type steplog struct { vm *goja.Runtime op *opObj memory *memoryObj stack *stackObj contract *contractObj pc uint gas uint cost uint depth uint refund uint err error } func (l *steplog) GetPC() uint { return l.pc } func (l *steplog) GetGas() uint { return l.gas } func (l *steplog) GetCost() uint { return l.cost } func (l *steplog) GetDepth() uint { return l.depth } func (l *steplog) GetRefund() uint { return l.refund } func (l *steplog) GetError() goja.Value { if l.err != nil { return l.vm.ToValue(l.err.Error()) } return goja.Undefined() } func (l *steplog) setupObject() *goja.Object { o := l.vm.NewObject() // Setup basic fields. o.Set("getPC", l.vm.ToValue(l.GetPC)) o.Set("getGas", l.vm.ToValue(l.GetGas)) o.Set("getCost", l.vm.ToValue(l.GetCost)) o.Set("getDepth", l.vm.ToValue(l.GetDepth)) o.Set("getRefund", l.vm.ToValue(l.GetRefund)) o.Set("getError", l.vm.ToValue(l.GetError)) // Setup nested objects. o.Set("op", l.op.setupObject()) o.Set("stack", l.stack.setupObject()) o.Set("memory", l.memory.setupObject()) o.Set("contract", l.contract.setupObject()) return o }