// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . package core import ( "bytes" "encoding/hex" "encoding/json" "errors" "fmt" "math/big" "strings" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params" "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp" ) //go:generate gencodec -type Genesis -field-override genesisSpecMarshaling -out gen_genesis.go //go:generate gencodec -type GenesisAccount -field-override genesisAccountMarshaling -out gen_genesis_account.go var errGenesisNoConfig = errors.New("genesis has no chain configuration") // Genesis specifies the header fields, state of a genesis block. It also defines hard // fork switch-over blocks through the chain configuration. type Genesis struct { Config *params.ChainConfig `json:"config"` Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce"` Timestamp uint64 `json:"timestamp"` ExtraData []byte `json:"extraData"` GasLimit uint64 `json:"gasLimit" gencodec:"required"` Difficulty *big.Int `json:"difficulty" gencodec:"required"` Mixhash common.Hash `json:"mixHash"` Coinbase common.Address `json:"coinbase"` Alloc GenesisAlloc `json:"alloc" gencodec:"required"` // These fields are used for consensus tests. Please don't use them // in actual genesis blocks. Number uint64 `json:"number"` GasUsed uint64 `json:"gasUsed"` ParentHash common.Hash `json:"parentHash"` } // GenesisAlloc specifies the initial state that is part of the genesis block. type GenesisAlloc map[common.Address]GenesisAccount func (ga *GenesisAlloc) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error { m := make(map[common.UnprefixedAddress]GenesisAccount) if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &m); err != nil { return err } *ga = make(GenesisAlloc) for addr, a := range m { (*ga)[common.Address(addr)] = a } return nil } // GenesisAccount is an account in the state of the genesis block. type GenesisAccount struct { Code []byte `json:"code,omitempty"` Storage map[common.Hash]common.Hash `json:"storage,omitempty"` Balance *big.Int `json:"balance" gencodec:"required"` Nonce uint64 `json:"nonce,omitempty"` PrivateKey []byte `json:"secretKey,omitempty"` // for tests } // field type overrides for gencodec type genesisSpecMarshaling struct { Nonce math.HexOrDecimal64 Timestamp math.HexOrDecimal64 ExtraData hexutil.Bytes GasLimit math.HexOrDecimal64 GasUsed math.HexOrDecimal64 Number math.HexOrDecimal64 Difficulty *math.HexOrDecimal256 Alloc map[common.UnprefixedAddress]GenesisAccount } type genesisAccountMarshaling struct { Code hexutil.Bytes Balance *math.HexOrDecimal256 Nonce math.HexOrDecimal64 Storage map[storageJSON]storageJSON PrivateKey hexutil.Bytes } // storageJSON represents a 256 bit byte array, but allows less than 256 bits when // unmarshaling from hex. type storageJSON common.Hash func (h *storageJSON) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error { text = bytes.TrimPrefix(text, []byte("0x")) if len(text) > 64 { return fmt.Errorf("too many hex characters in storage key/value %q", text) } offset := len(h) - len(text)/2 // pad on the left if _, err := hex.Decode(h[offset:], text); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return fmt.Errorf("invalid hex storage key/value %q", text) } return nil } func (h storageJSON) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) { return hexutil.Bytes(h[:]).MarshalText() } // GenesisMismatchError is raised when trying to overwrite an existing // genesis block with an incompatible one. type GenesisMismatchError struct { Stored, New common.Hash } func (e *GenesisMismatchError) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("database contains incompatible genesis (have %x, new %x)", e.Stored, e.New) } // SetupGenesisBlock writes or updates the genesis block in db. // The block that will be used is: // // genesis == nil genesis != nil // +------------------------------------------ // db has no genesis | main-net default | genesis // db has genesis | from DB | genesis (if compatible) // // The stored chain configuration will be updated if it is compatible (i.e. does not // specify a fork block below the local head block). In case of a conflict, the // error is a *params.ConfigCompatError and the new, unwritten config is returned. // // The returned chain configuration is never nil. func SetupGenesisBlock(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis) (*params.ChainConfig, common.Hash, error) { if genesis != nil && genesis.Config == nil { return params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, common.Hash{}, errGenesisNoConfig } // Just commit the new block if there is no stored genesis block. stored := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(db, 0) if (stored == common.Hash{}) { if genesis == nil { log.Info("Writing default main-net genesis block") genesis = DefaultGenesisBlock() } else { log.Info("Writing custom genesis block") } block, err := genesis.Commit(db) return genesis.Config, block.Hash(), err } // We have the genesis block in database(perhaps in ancient database) // but the corresponding state is missing. header := rawdb.ReadHeader(db, stored, 0) if _, err := state.New(header.Root, state.NewDatabaseWithCache(db, 0)); err != nil { if genesis == nil { genesis = DefaultGenesisBlock() } // Ensure the stored genesis matches with the given one. hash := genesis.ToBlock(nil).Hash() if hash != stored { return genesis.Config, hash, &GenesisMismatchError{stored, hash} } block, err := genesis.Commit(db) return genesis.Config, block.Hash(), err } // Check whether the genesis block is already written. if genesis != nil { hash := genesis.ToBlock(nil).Hash() if hash != stored { return genesis.Config, hash, &GenesisMismatchError{stored, hash} } } // Get the existing chain configuration. newcfg := genesis.configOrDefault(stored) storedcfg := rawdb.ReadChainConfig(db, stored) if storedcfg == nil { log.Warn("Found genesis block without chain config") rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, stored, newcfg) return newcfg, stored, nil } // Special case: don't change the existing config of a non-mainnet chain if no new // config is supplied. These chains would get AllProtocolChanges (and a compat error) // if we just continued here. if genesis == nil && stored != params.MainnetGenesisHash { return storedcfg, stored, nil } // Check config compatibility and write the config. Compatibility errors // are returned to the caller unless we're already at block zero. height := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(db, rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(db)) if height == nil { return newcfg, stored, fmt.Errorf("missing block number for head header hash") } compatErr := storedcfg.CheckCompatible(newcfg, *height) if compatErr != nil && *height != 0 && compatErr.RewindTo != 0 { return newcfg, stored, compatErr } rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, stored, newcfg) return newcfg, stored, nil } func (g *Genesis) configOrDefault(ghash common.Hash) *params.ChainConfig { switch { case g != nil: return g.Config case ghash == params.MainnetGenesisHash: return params.MainnetChainConfig case ghash == params.TestnetGenesisHash: return params.TestnetChainConfig default: return params.AllEthashProtocolChanges } } // ToBlock creates the genesis block and writes state of a genesis specification // to the given database (or discards it if nil). func (g *Genesis) ToBlock(db ethdb.Database) *types.Block { if db == nil { db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase() } statedb, _ := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(db)) for addr, account := range g.Alloc { statedb.AddBalance(addr, account.Balance) statedb.SetCode(addr, account.Code) statedb.SetNonce(addr, account.Nonce) for key, value := range account.Storage { statedb.SetState(addr, key, value) } } root := statedb.IntermediateRoot(false) head := &types.Header{ Number: new(big.Int).SetUint64(g.Number), Nonce: types.EncodeNonce(g.Nonce), Time: g.Timestamp, ParentHash: g.ParentHash, Extra: g.ExtraData, GasLimit: g.GasLimit, GasUsed: g.GasUsed, Difficulty: g.Difficulty, MixDigest: g.Mixhash, Coinbase: g.Coinbase, Root: root, } if g.GasLimit == 0 { head.GasLimit = params.GenesisGasLimit } if g.Difficulty == nil { head.Difficulty = params.GenesisDifficulty } statedb.Commit(false) statedb.Database().TrieDB().Commit(root, true) return types.NewBlock(head, nil, nil, nil) } // Commit writes the block and state of a genesis specification to the database. // The block is committed as the canonical head block. func (g *Genesis) Commit(db ethdb.Database) (*types.Block, error) { block := g.ToBlock(db) if block.Number().Sign() != 0 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't commit genesis block with number > 0") } rawdb.WriteTd(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), g.Difficulty) rawdb.WriteBlock(db, block) rawdb.WriteReceipts(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), nil) rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(db, block.Hash()) rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(db, block.Hash()) rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(db, block.Hash()) config := g.Config if config == nil { config = params.AllEthashProtocolChanges } rawdb.WriteChainConfig(db, block.Hash(), config) return block, nil } // MustCommit writes the genesis block and state to db, panicking on error. // The block is committed as the canonical head block. func (g *Genesis) MustCommit(db ethdb.Database) *types.Block { block, err := g.Commit(db) if err != nil { panic(err) } return block } // GenesisBlockForTesting creates and writes a block in which addr has the given wei balance. func GenesisBlockForTesting(db ethdb.Database, addr common.Address, balance *big.Int) *types.Block { g := Genesis{Alloc: GenesisAlloc{addr: {Balance: balance}}} return g.MustCommit(db) } // DefaultGenesisBlock returns the Ethereum main net genesis block. func DefaultGenesisBlock() *Genesis { return &Genesis{ Config: params.MainnetChainConfig, Nonce: 66, ExtraData: hexutil.MustDecode("0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa"), GasLimit: 5000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(17179869184), Alloc: decodePrealloc(mainnetAllocData), } } // DefaultTestnetGenesisBlock returns the Ropsten network genesis block. func DefaultTestnetGenesisBlock() *Genesis { return &Genesis{ Config: params.TestnetChainConfig, Nonce: 66, ExtraData: hexutil.MustDecode("0x3535353535353535353535353535353535353535353535353535353535353535"), GasLimit: 16777216, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1048576), Alloc: decodePrealloc(testnetAllocData), } } // DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock returns the Rinkeby network genesis block. func DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock() *Genesis { return &Genesis{ Config: params.RinkebyChainConfig, Timestamp: 1492009146, ExtraData: hexutil.MustDecode("0x52657370656374206d7920617574686f7269746168207e452e436172746d616e42eb768f2244c8811c63729a21a3569731535f067ffc57839b00206d1ad20c69a1981b489f772031b279182d99e65703f0076e4812653aab85fca0f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), GasLimit: 4700000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Alloc: decodePrealloc(rinkebyAllocData), } } // DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock returns the Görli network genesis block. func DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock() *Genesis { return &Genesis{ Config: params.GoerliChainConfig, Timestamp: 1548854791, ExtraData: hexutil.MustDecode("0x22466c6578692069732061207468696e6722202d204166726900000000000000e0a2bd4258d2768837baa26a28fe71dc079f84c70000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), GasLimit: 10485760, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Alloc: decodePrealloc(goerliAllocData), } } // DeveloperGenesisBlock returns the 'geth --dev' genesis block. Note, this must // be seeded with the func DeveloperGenesisBlock(period uint64, faucet common.Address) *Genesis { // Override the default period to the user requested one config := *params.AllCliqueProtocolChanges config.Clique.Period = period // Assemble and return the genesis with the precompiles and faucet pre-funded return &Genesis{ Config: &config, ExtraData: append(append(make([]byte, 32), faucet[:]...), make([]byte, 65)...), GasLimit: 6283185, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Alloc: map[common.Address]GenesisAccount{ common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ECRecover common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // SHA256 common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // RIPEMD common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // Identity common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ModExp common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ECAdd common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ECScalarMul common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8}): {Balance: big.NewInt(1)}, // ECPairing faucet: {Balance: new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 256), big.NewInt(9))}, }, } } func decodePrealloc(data string) GenesisAlloc { var p []struct{ Addr, Balance *big.Int } if err := rlp.NewStream(strings.NewReader(data), 0).Decode(&p); err != nil { panic(err) } ga := make(GenesisAlloc, len(p)) for _, account := range p { ga[common.BigToAddress(account.Addr)] = GenesisAccount{Balance: account.Balance} } return ga }