core, params, beacon/engine: implement EIP 4788 BeaconRoot (#27849)

This change implements "EIP 4788 : Beacon block root in the EVM". It implements version-2 of EPI-4788, main difference being that the contract is an actual contract rather than a precompile, as in #27289.

core/state_processor_test.go

@@ -410,6 +410,9 @@ func GenerateBadBlock(parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, txs types.Tr
 		used := uint64(nBlobs * params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob)
 		header.ExcessBlobGas = &excess
 		header.BlobGasUsed = &used
+
+		beaconRoot := common.HexToHash("0xbeac00")
+		header.BeaconRoot = &beaconRoot
 	}
 	// Assemble and return the final block for sealing
 	if config.IsShanghai(header.Number, header.Time) {