build: upgrade to go 1.19 (#25726)

This changes the CI / release builds to use the latest Go version. It also
upgrades golangci-lint to a newer version compatible with Go 1.19.

In Go 1.19, godoc has gained official support for links and lists. The
syntax for code blocks in doc comments has changed and now requires a
leading tab character. gofmt adapts comments to the new syntax
automatically, so there are a lot of comment re-formatting changes in this
PR. We need to apply the new format in order to pass the CI lint stage with
Go 1.19.

With the linter upgrade, I have decided to disable 'gosec' - it produces
too many false-positive warnings. The 'deadcode' and 'varcheck' linters
have also been removed because golangci-lint warns about them being
unmaintained. 'unused' provides similar coverage and we already have it
enabled, so we don't lose much with this change.

eth/catalyst/api_test.go

@@ -519,18 +519,18 @@ func TestExchangeTransitionConfig(t *testing.T) {
 TestNewPayloadOnInvalidChain sets up a valid chain and tries to feed blocks
 from an invalid chain to test if latestValidHash (LVH) works correctly.
 
-We set up the following chain where P1 ... Pn and P1'' are valid while
+We set up the following chain where P1 ... Pn and P1” are valid while
 P1' is invalid.
 We expect
 (1) The LVH to point to the current inserted payload if it was valid.
 (2) The LVH to point to the valid parent on an invalid payload (if the parent is available).
 (3) If the parent is unavailable, the LVH should not be set.
 
-CommonAncestor◄─▲── P1 ◄── P2  ◄─ P3  ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn
-				│
-				└── P1' ◄─ P2' ◄─ P3' ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn'
-				│
-				└── P1''
+	CommonAncestor◄─▲── P1 ◄── P2  ◄─ P3  ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn
+	                │
+	                └── P1' ◄─ P2' ◄─ P3' ◄─ ... ◄─ Pn'
+	                │
+	                └── P1''
 */
 func TestNewPayloadOnInvalidChain(t *testing.T) {
 	genesis, preMergeBlocks := generatePreMergeChain(10)