diff --git a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
index cb4eea3a0..e410522ac 100644
--- a/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
+++ b/accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ type callMsg struct {
 
 func (m callMsg) From() common.Address         { return m.CallMsg.From }
 func (m callMsg) Nonce() uint64                { return 0 }
-func (m callMsg) CheckNonce() bool             { return false }
+func (m callMsg) IsFake() bool                 { return true }
 func (m callMsg) To() *common.Address          { return m.CallMsg.To }
 func (m callMsg) GasPrice() *big.Int           { return m.CallMsg.GasPrice }
 func (m callMsg) GasFeeCap() *big.Int          { return m.CallMsg.GasFeeCap }
diff --git a/accounts/external/backend.go b/accounts/external/backend.go
index b2de9e932..e3f754eaf 100644
--- a/accounts/external/backend.go
+++ b/accounts/external/backend.go
@@ -196,6 +196,10 @@ type signTransactionResult struct {
 	Tx  *types.Transaction `json:"tx"`
 }
 
+// SignTx sends the transaction to the external signer.
+// If chainID is nil, or tx.ChainID is zero, the chain ID will be assigned
+// by the external signer. For non-legacy transactions, the chain ID of the
+// transaction overrides the chainID parameter.
 func (api *ExternalSigner) SignTx(account accounts.Account, tx *types.Transaction, chainID *big.Int) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 	data := hexutil.Bytes(tx.Data())
 	var to *common.MixedcaseAddress
@@ -218,17 +222,17 @@ func (api *ExternalSigner) SignTx(account accounts.Account, tx *types.Transactio
 		args.MaxFeePerGas = (*hexutil.Big)(tx.GasFeeCap())
 		args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas = (*hexutil.Big)(tx.GasTipCap())
 	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unsupported tx type %d", tx.Type())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported tx type %d", tx.Type())
 	}
 	// We should request the default chain id that we're operating with
 	// (the chain we're executing on)
-	if chainID != nil {
+	if chainID != nil && chainID.Sign() != 0 {
 		args.ChainID = (*hexutil.Big)(chainID)
 	}
 	if tx.Type() != types.LegacyTxType {
 		// However, if the user asked for a particular chain id, then we should
 		// use that instead.
-		if tx.ChainId() != nil {
+		if tx.ChainId().Sign() != 0 {
 			args.ChainID = (*hexutil.Big)(tx.ChainId())
 		}
 		accessList := tx.AccessList()
diff --git a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
index 9c5d4f9b2..436e558b5 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/chaincmd.go
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ It expects the genesis file as argument.`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
 		Description: `
@@ -92,11 +91,15 @@ The dumpgenesis command dumps the genesis block configuration in JSON format to
 			utils.MetricsHTTPFlag,
 			utils.MetricsPortFlag,
 			utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBFlag,
+			utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBEndpointFlag,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBDatabaseFlag,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag,
 			utils.MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag,
+			utils.MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag,
+			utils.MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag,
+			utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag,
 			utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
 		},
 		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
diff --git a/cmd/geth/config.go b/cmd/geth/config.go
index 117be96ae..604f907b7 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/config.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/config.go
@@ -233,6 +233,18 @@ func applyMetricConfig(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *gethConfig) {
 	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag.Name) {
 		cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBTags = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag.Name)
 	}
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag.Name) {
+		cfg.Metrics.EnableInfluxDBV2 = ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBToken = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBBucket = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag.Name)
+	}
+	if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag.Name) {
+		cfg.Metrics.InfluxDBOrganization = ctx.GlobalString(utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag.Name)
+	}
 }
 
 func deprecated(field string) bool {
diff --git a/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go b/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
index 776412df6..0e156fde9 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/consolecmd.go
@@ -134,8 +134,6 @@ func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 				path = filepath.Join(path, "rinkeby")
 			} else if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.GoerliFlag.Name) {
 				path = filepath.Join(path, "goerli")
-			} else if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.CalaverasFlag.Name) {
-				path = filepath.Join(path, "calaveras")
 			}
 		}
 		endpoint = fmt.Sprintf("%s/geth.ipc", path)
diff --git a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
index bb3cf0390..54ada4089 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/dbcmd.go
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Usage:       "Inspect the storage size for each type of data in the database",
 		Description: `This commands iterates the entire database. If the optional 'prefix' and 'start' arguments are provided, then the iteration is limited to the given subset of data.`,
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 	}
 	dbCompactCmd = cli.Command{
@@ -105,7 +103,6 @@ Remove blockchain and state databases`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
 		},
@@ -125,7 +122,6 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
 	}
@@ -141,7 +137,6 @@ corruption if it is aborted during execution'!`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Description: `This command deletes the specified database key from the database. 
 WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
@@ -158,7 +153,6 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Description: `This command sets a given database key to the given value. 
 WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
@@ -175,7 +169,6 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Description: "This command looks up the specified database key from the database.",
 	}
@@ -191,7 +184,6 @@ WARNING: This is a low-level operation which may cause database corruption!`,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		},
 		Description: "This command displays information about the freezer index.",
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/geth/main.go b/cmd/geth/main.go
index 12d2465c6..d75e98425 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/main.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/main.go
@@ -141,7 +141,6 @@ var (
 		utils.RopstenFlag,
 		utils.RinkebyFlag,
 		utils.GoerliFlag,
-		utils.CalaverasFlag,
 		utils.VMEnableDebugFlag,
 		utils.NetworkIdFlag,
 		utils.EthStatsURLFlag,
@@ -198,6 +197,10 @@ var (
 		utils.MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag,
 		utils.MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag,
 		utils.MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag,
+		utils.MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag,
+		utils.MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag,
+		utils.MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag,
+		utils.MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -277,9 +280,6 @@ func prepare(ctx *cli.Context) {
 	case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.GoerliFlag.Name):
 		log.Info("Starting Geth on Görli testnet...")
 
-	case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.CalaverasFlag.Name):
-		log.Info("Starting Geth on Calaveras testnet...")
-
 	case ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		log.Info("Starting Geth in ephemeral dev mode...")
 
diff --git a/cmd/geth/usage.go b/cmd/geth/usage.go
index 3c401eae8..708edcc79 100644
--- a/cmd/geth/usage.go
+++ b/cmd/geth/usage.go
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 			utils.MainnetFlag,
 			utils.GoerliFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
-			utils.CalaverasFlag,
 			utils.RopstenFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
 			utils.ExitWhenSyncedFlag,
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags.go b/cmd/utils/flags.go
index 7fa3d8b86..8a53f525f 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags.go
@@ -125,10 +125,6 @@ var (
 		Name:  "keystore",
 		Usage: "Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)",
 	}
-	NoUSBFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "nousb",
-		Usage: "Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets (deprecated)",
-	}
 	USBFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "usb",
 		Usage: "Enable monitoring and management of USB hardware wallets",
@@ -151,10 +147,6 @@ var (
 		Name:  "goerli",
 		Usage: "Görli network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network",
 	}
-	CalaverasFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "calaveras",
-		Usage: "Calaveras network: pre-configured proof-of-authority shortlived test network.",
-	}
 	RinkebyFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "rinkeby",
 		Usage: "Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network",
@@ -756,6 +748,29 @@ var (
 		Value: metrics.DefaultConfig.InfluxDBTags,
 	}
 
+	MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "metrics.influxdbv2",
+		Usage: "Enable metrics export/push to an external InfluxDB v2 database",
+	}
+
+	MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "metrics.influxdb.token",
+		Usage: "Token to authorize access to the database (v2 only)",
+		Value: metrics.DefaultConfig.InfluxDBToken,
+	}
+
+	MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "metrics.influxdb.bucket",
+		Usage: "InfluxDB bucket name to push reported metrics to (v2 only)",
+		Value: metrics.DefaultConfig.InfluxDBBucket,
+	}
+
+	MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "metrics.influxdb.organization",
+		Usage: "InfluxDB organization name (v2 only)",
+		Value: metrics.DefaultConfig.InfluxDBOrganization,
+	}
+
 	CatalystFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "catalyst",
 		Usage: "Catalyst mode (eth2 integration testing)",
@@ -778,9 +793,6 @@ func MakeDataDir(ctx *cli.Context) string {
 		if ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name) {
 			return filepath.Join(path, "goerli")
 		}
-		if ctx.GlobalBool(CalaverasFlag.Name) {
-			return filepath.Join(path, "calaveras")
-		}
 		return path
 	}
 	Fatalf("Cannot determine default data directory, please set manually (--datadir)")
@@ -833,8 +845,6 @@ func setBootstrapNodes(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *p2p.Config) {
 		urls = params.RinkebyBootnodes
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name):
 		urls = params.GoerliBootnodes
-	case ctx.GlobalBool(CalaverasFlag.Name):
-		urls = params.CalaverasBootnodes
 	case cfg.BootstrapNodes != nil:
 		return // already set, don't apply defaults.
 	}
@@ -1278,8 +1288,6 @@ func setDataDir(ctx *cli.Context, cfg *node.Config) {
 		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "rinkeby")
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name) && cfg.DataDir == node.DefaultDataDir():
 		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "goerli")
-	case ctx.GlobalBool(CalaverasFlag.Name) && cfg.DataDir == node.DefaultDataDir():
-		cfg.DataDir = filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "calaveras")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1465,7 +1473,7 @@ func CheckExclusive(ctx *cli.Context, args ...interface{}) {
 // SetEthConfig applies eth-related command line flags to the config.
 func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	// Avoid conflicting network flags
-	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag, CalaverasFlag)
+	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag)
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, LightServeFlag, SyncModeFlag, "light")
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, DeveloperFlag, ExternalSignerFlag) // Can't use both ephemeral unlocked and external signer
 	if ctx.GlobalString(GCModeFlag.Name) == "archive" && ctx.GlobalUint64(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name) != 0 {
@@ -1618,11 +1626,6 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		}
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
 		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.GoerliGenesisHash)
-	case ctx.GlobalBool(CalaverasFlag.Name):
-		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
-			cfg.NetworkId = 123 // https://gist.github.com/holiman/c5697b041b3dc18c50a5cdd382cbdd16
-		}
-		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultCalaverasGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			cfg.NetworkId = 1337
@@ -1739,11 +1742,36 @@ func SetupMetrics(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		log.Info("Enabling metrics collection")
 
 		var (
-			enableExport = ctx.GlobalBool(MetricsEnableInfluxDBFlag.Name)
-			endpoint     = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBEndpointFlag.Name)
-			database     = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBDatabaseFlag.Name)
-			username     = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag.Name)
-			password     = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag.Name)
+			enableExport   = ctx.GlobalBool(MetricsEnableInfluxDBFlag.Name)
+			enableExportV2 = ctx.GlobalBool(MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag.Name)
+		)
+
+		if enableExport || enableExportV2 {
+			CheckExclusive(ctx, MetricsEnableInfluxDBFlag, MetricsEnableInfluxDBV2Flag)
+
+			v1FlagIsSet := ctx.GlobalIsSet(MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag.Name) ||
+				ctx.GlobalIsSet(MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag.Name)
+
+			v2FlagIsSet := ctx.GlobalIsSet(MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag.Name) ||
+				ctx.GlobalIsSet(MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag.Name) ||
+				ctx.GlobalIsSet(MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag.Name)
+
+			if enableExport && v2FlagIsSet {
+				Fatalf("Flags --influxdb.metrics.organization, --influxdb.metrics.token, --influxdb.metrics.bucket are only available for influxdb-v2")
+			} else if enableExportV2 && v1FlagIsSet {
+				Fatalf("Flags --influxdb.metrics.username, --influxdb.metrics.password are only available for influxdb-v1")
+			}
+		}
+
+		var (
+			endpoint = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBEndpointFlag.Name)
+			database = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBDatabaseFlag.Name)
+			username = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBUsernameFlag.Name)
+			password = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBPasswordFlag.Name)
+
+			token        = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBTokenFlag.Name)
+			bucket       = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBBucketFlag.Name)
+			organization = ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBOrganizationFlag.Name)
 		)
 
 		if enableExport {
@@ -1752,6 +1780,12 @@ func SetupMetrics(ctx *cli.Context) {
 			log.Info("Enabling metrics export to InfluxDB")
 
 			go influxdb.InfluxDBWithTags(metrics.DefaultRegistry, 10*time.Second, endpoint, database, username, password, "geth.", tagsMap)
+		} else if enableExportV2 {
+			tagsMap := SplitTagsFlag(ctx.GlobalString(MetricsInfluxDBTagsFlag.Name))
+
+			log.Info("Enabling metrics export to InfluxDB (v2)")
+
+			go influxdb.InfluxDBV2WithTags(metrics.DefaultRegistry, 10*time.Second, endpoint, token, bucket, organization, "geth.", tagsMap)
 		}
 
 		if ctx.GlobalIsSet(MetricsHTTPFlag.Name) {
@@ -1812,8 +1846,6 @@ func MakeGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) *core.Genesis {
 		genesis = core.DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(GoerliFlag.Name):
 		genesis = core.DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock()
-	case ctx.GlobalBool(CalaverasFlag.Name):
-		genesis = core.DefaultCalaverasGenesisBlock()
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(DeveloperFlag.Name):
 		Fatalf("Developer chains are ephemeral")
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go b/cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go
index df597e365..627f77475 100644
--- a/cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go
+++ b/cmd/utils/flags_legacy.go
@@ -36,10 +36,15 @@ var ShowDeprecated = cli.Command{
 
 var DeprecatedFlags = []cli.Flag{
 	LegacyMinerGasTargetFlag,
+	NoUSBFlag,
 }
 
 var (
 	// (Deprecated May 2020, shown in aliased flags section)
+	NoUSBFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "nousb",
+		Usage: "Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets (deprecated)",
+	}
 	LegacyRPCEnabledFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
 		Name:  "rpc",
 		Usage: "Enable the HTTP-RPC server (deprecated and will be removed June 2021, use --http)",
diff --git a/core/genesis.go b/core/genesis.go
index dc50ff475..c1f226c34 100644
--- a/core/genesis.go
+++ b/core/genesis.go
@@ -248,8 +248,6 @@ func (g *Genesis) configOrDefault(ghash common.Hash) *params.ChainConfig {
 		return params.RinkebyChainConfig
 	case ghash == params.GoerliGenesisHash:
 		return params.GoerliChainConfig
-	case ghash == params.CalaverasGenesisHash:
-		return params.CalaverasChainConfig
 	default:
 		return params.AllEthashProtocolChanges
 	}
@@ -399,18 +397,6 @@ func DefaultGoerliGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	}
 }
 
-func DefaultCalaverasGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
-	// Full genesis: https://gist.github.com/holiman/c6ed9269dce28304ad176314caa75e97
-	return &Genesis{
-		Config:     params.CalaverasChainConfig,
-		Timestamp:  0x60b3877f,
-		ExtraData:  hexutil.MustDecode("0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005211cea3870c7ba7c6c44b185e62eecdb864cd8c560228ce57d31efbf64c200b2c200aacec78cf17a7148e784fe95a7a750335f8b9572ee28d72e7650000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
-		GasLimit:   0x47b760,
-		Difficulty: big.NewInt(1),
-		Alloc:      decodePrealloc(calaverasAllocData),
-	}
-}
-
 // DeveloperGenesisBlock returns the 'geth --dev' genesis block.
 func DeveloperGenesisBlock(period uint64, faucet common.Address) *Genesis {
 	// Override the default period to the user requested one
diff --git a/core/genesis_test.go b/core/genesis_test.go
index 487c30ed6..52c4384ab 100644
--- a/core/genesis_test.go
+++ b/core/genesis_test.go
@@ -185,10 +185,6 @@ func TestGenesisHashes(t *testing.T) {
 			genesis: DefaultRinkebyGenesisBlock(),
 			hash:    params.RinkebyGenesisHash,
 		},
-		{
-			genesis: DefaultCalaverasGenesisBlock(),
-			hash:    params.CalaverasGenesisHash,
-		},
 	}
 	for i, c := range cases {
 		b := c.genesis.MustCommit(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase())
diff --git a/core/rawdb/database.go b/core/rawdb/database.go
index c8bfdbace..90619169a 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/database.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/database.go
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ func (db *nofreezedb) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errNotSupported
 }
 
+// ReadAncients returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
+func (db *nofreezedb) ReadAncients(kind string, start, max, maxByteSize uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+	return nil, errNotSupported
+}
+
 // Ancients returns an error as we don't have a backing chain freezer.
 func (db *nofreezedb) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
 	return 0, errNotSupported
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer.go b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
index b1fc64b21..12130cf33 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer.go
@@ -180,6 +180,18 @@ func (f *freezer) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, errUnknownTable
 }
 
+// ReadAncients retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
+// It will return
+//  - at most 'max' items,
+//  - at least 1 item (even if exceeding the maxByteSize), but will otherwise
+//   return as many items as fit into maxByteSize.
+func (f *freezer) ReadAncients(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+	if table := f.tables[kind]; table != nil {
+		return table.RetrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes)
+	}
+	return nil, errUnknownTable
+}
+
 // Ancients returns the length of the frozen items.
 func (f *freezer) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
 	return atomic.LoadUint64(&f.frozen), nil
@@ -403,7 +415,7 @@ func (f *freezer) freeze(db ethdb.KeyValueStore) {
 		}
 		batch.Reset()
 
-		// Wipe out side chains also and track dangling side chians
+		// Wipe out side chains also and track dangling side chains
 		var dangling []common.Hash
 		for number := first; number < f.frozen; number++ {
 			// Always keep the genesis block in active database
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
index d7bfe18e0..9d052f7cd 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_table.go
@@ -70,6 +70,19 @@ func (i *indexEntry) marshallBinary() []byte {
 	return b
 }
 
+// bounds returns the start- and end- offsets, and the file number of where to
+// read there data item marked by the two index entries. The two entries are
+// assumed to be sequential.
+func (start *indexEntry) bounds(end *indexEntry) (startOffset, endOffset, fileId uint32) {
+	if start.filenum != end.filenum {
+		// If a piece of data 'crosses' a data-file,
+		// it's actually in one piece on the second data-file.
+		// We return a zero-indexEntry for the second file as start
+		return 0, end.offset, end.filenum
+	}
+	return start.offset, end.offset, end.filenum
+}
+
 // freezerTable represents a single chained data table within the freezer (e.g. blocks).
 // It consists of a data file (snappy encoded arbitrary data blobs) and an indexEntry
 // file (uncompressed 64 bit indices into the data file).
@@ -546,84 +559,183 @@ func (t *freezerTable) append(item uint64, encodedBlob []byte, wlock bool) (bool
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-// getBounds returns the indexes for the item
-// returns start, end, filenumber and error
-func (t *freezerTable) getBounds(item uint64) (uint32, uint32, uint32, error) {
-	buffer := make([]byte, indexEntrySize)
-	var startIdx, endIdx indexEntry
-	// Read second index
-	if _, err := t.index.ReadAt(buffer, int64((item+1)*indexEntrySize)); err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, 0, err
+// getIndices returns the index entries for the given from-item, covering 'count' items.
+// N.B: The actual number of returned indices for N items will always be N+1 (unless an
+// error is returned).
+// OBS: This method assumes that the caller has already verified (and/or trimmed) the range
+// so that the items are within bounds. If this method is used to read out of bounds,
+// it will return error.
+func (t *freezerTable) getIndices(from, count uint64) ([]*indexEntry, error) {
+	// Apply the table-offset
+	from = from - uint64(t.itemOffset)
+	// For reading N items, we need N+1 indices.
+	buffer := make([]byte, (count+1)*indexEntrySize)
+	if _, err := t.index.ReadAt(buffer, int64(from*indexEntrySize)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	endIdx.unmarshalBinary(buffer)
-	// Read first index (unless it's the very first item)
-	if item != 0 {
-		if _, err := t.index.ReadAt(buffer, int64(item*indexEntrySize)); err != nil {
-			return 0, 0, 0, err
-		}
-		startIdx.unmarshalBinary(buffer)
-	} else {
+	var (
+		indices []*indexEntry
+		offset  int
+	)
+	for i := from; i <= from+count; i++ {
+		index := new(indexEntry)
+		index.unmarshalBinary(buffer[offset:])
+		offset += indexEntrySize
+		indices = append(indices, index)
+	}
+	if from == 0 {
 		// Special case if we're reading the first item in the freezer. We assume that
 		// the first item always start from zero(regarding the deletion, we
 		// only support deletion by files, so that the assumption is held).
 		// This means we can use the first item metadata to carry information about
 		// the 'global' offset, for the deletion-case
-		return 0, endIdx.offset, endIdx.filenum, nil
+		indices[0].offset = 0
+		indices[0].filenum = indices[1].filenum
 	}
-	if startIdx.filenum != endIdx.filenum {
-		// If a piece of data 'crosses' a data-file,
-		// it's actually in one piece on the second data-file.
-		// We return a zero-indexEntry for the second file as start
-		return 0, endIdx.offset, endIdx.filenum, nil
-	}
-	return startIdx.offset, endIdx.offset, endIdx.filenum, nil
+	return indices, nil
 }
 
 // Retrieve looks up the data offset of an item with the given number and retrieves
 // the raw binary blob from the data file.
 func (t *freezerTable) Retrieve(item uint64) ([]byte, error) {
-	blob, err := t.retrieve(item)
+	items, err := t.RetrieveItems(item, 1, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if t.noCompression {
-		return blob, nil
-	}
-	return snappy.Decode(nil, blob)
+	return items[0], nil
 }
 
-// retrieve looks up the data offset of an item with the given number and retrieves
-// the raw binary blob from the data file. OBS! This method does not decode
-// compressed data.
-func (t *freezerTable) retrieve(item uint64) ([]byte, error) {
+// RetrieveItems returns multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
+// It will return at most 'max' items, but will abort earlier to respect the
+// 'maxBytes' argument. However, if the 'maxBytes' is smaller than the size of one
+// item, it _will_ return one element and possibly overflow the maxBytes.
+func (t *freezerTable) RetrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+	// First we read the 'raw' data, which might be compressed.
+	diskData, sizes, err := t.retrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var (
+		output     = make([][]byte, 0, count)
+		offset     int // offset for reading
+		outputSize int // size of uncompressed data
+	)
+	// Now slice up the data and decompress.
+	for i, diskSize := range sizes {
+		item := diskData[offset : offset+diskSize]
+		offset += diskSize
+		decompressedSize := diskSize
+		if !t.noCompression {
+			decompressedSize, _ = snappy.DecodedLen(item)
+		}
+		if i > 0 && uint64(outputSize+decompressedSize) > maxBytes {
+			break
+		}
+		if !t.noCompression {
+			data, err := snappy.Decode(nil, item)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			output = append(output, data)
+		} else {
+			output = append(output, item)
+		}
+		outputSize += decompressedSize
+	}
+	return output, nil
+}
+
+// retrieveItems reads up to 'count' items from the table. It reads at least
+// one item, but otherwise avoids reading more than maxBytes bytes.
+// It returns the (potentially compressed) data, and the sizes.
+func (t *freezerTable) retrieveItems(start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([]byte, []int, error) {
 	t.lock.RLock()
 	defer t.lock.RUnlock()
 	// Ensure the table and the item is accessible
 	if t.index == nil || t.head == nil {
-		return nil, errClosed
+		return nil, nil, errClosed
 	}
-	if atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items) <= item {
-		return nil, errOutOfBounds
+	itemCount := atomic.LoadUint64(&t.items) // max number
+	// Ensure the start is written, not deleted from the tail, and that the
+	// caller actually wants something
+	if itemCount <= start || uint64(t.itemOffset) > start || count == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, errOutOfBounds
 	}
-	// Ensure the item was not deleted from the tail either
-	if uint64(t.itemOffset) > item {
-		return nil, errOutOfBounds
+	if start+count > itemCount {
+		count = itemCount - start
 	}
-	startOffset, endOffset, filenum, err := t.getBounds(item - uint64(t.itemOffset))
+	var (
+		output     = make([]byte, maxBytes) // Buffer to read data into
+		outputSize int                      // Used size of that buffer
+	)
+	// readData is a helper method to read a single data item from disk.
+	readData := func(fileId, start uint32, length int) error {
+		// In case a small limit is used, and the elements are large, may need to
+		// realloc the read-buffer when reading the first (and only) item.
+		if len(output) < length {
+			output = make([]byte, length)
+		}
+		dataFile, exist := t.files[fileId]
+		if !exist {
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing data file %d", fileId)
+		}
+		if _, err := dataFile.ReadAt(output[outputSize:outputSize+length], int64(start)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		outputSize += length
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Read all the indexes in one go
+	indices, err := t.getIndices(start, count)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-	dataFile, exist := t.files[filenum]
-	if !exist {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing data file %d", filenum)
+	var (
+		sizes      []int               // The sizes for each element
+		totalSize  = 0                 // The total size of all data read so far
+		readStart  = indices[0].offset // Where, in the file, to start reading
+		unreadSize = 0                 // The size of the as-yet-unread data
+	)
+
+	for i, firstIndex := range indices[:len(indices)-1] {
+		secondIndex := indices[i+1]
+		// Determine the size of the item.
+		offset1, offset2, _ := firstIndex.bounds(secondIndex)
+		size := int(offset2 - offset1)
+		// Crossing a file boundary?
+		if secondIndex.filenum != firstIndex.filenum {
+			// If we have unread data in the first file, we need to do that read now.
+			if unreadSize > 0 {
+				if err := readData(firstIndex.filenum, readStart, unreadSize); err != nil {
+					return nil, nil, err
+				}
+				unreadSize = 0
+			}
+			readStart = 0
+		}
+		if i > 0 && uint64(totalSize+size) > maxBytes {
+			// About to break out due to byte limit being exceeded. We don't
+			// read this last item, but we need to do the deferred reads now.
+			if unreadSize > 0 {
+				if err := readData(secondIndex.filenum, readStart, unreadSize); err != nil {
+					return nil, nil, err
+				}
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		// Defer the read for later
+		unreadSize += size
+		totalSize += size
+		sizes = append(sizes, size)
+		if i == len(indices)-2 || uint64(totalSize) > maxBytes {
+			// Last item, need to do the read now
+			if err := readData(secondIndex.filenum, readStart, unreadSize); err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
+			break
+		}
 	}
-	// Retrieve the data itself, decompress and return
-	blob := make([]byte, endOffset-startOffset)
-	if _, err := dataFile.ReadAt(blob, int64(startOffset)); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	t.readMeter.Mark(int64(len(blob) + 2*indexEntrySize))
-	return blob, nil
+	return output[:outputSize], sizes, nil
 }
 
 // has returns an indicator whether the specified number data
diff --git a/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go b/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go
index 0df28f236..e8a8b5c46 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/freezer_table_test.go
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestFreezerBasics(t *testing.T) {
 		exp := getChunk(15, y)
 		got, err := f.Retrieve(uint64(y))
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
+			t.Fatalf("reading item %d: %v", y, err)
 		}
 		if !bytes.Equal(got, exp) {
 			t.Fatalf("test %d, got \n%x != \n%x", y, got, exp)
@@ -692,3 +692,118 @@ func TestAppendTruncateParallel(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestSequentialRead does some basic tests on the RetrieveItems.
+func TestSequentialRead(t *testing.T) {
+	rm, wm, sg := metrics.NewMeter(), metrics.NewMeter(), metrics.NewGauge()
+	fname := fmt.Sprintf("batchread-%d", rand.Uint64())
+	{ // Fill table
+		f, err := newCustomTable(os.TempDir(), fname, rm, wm, sg, 50, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// Write 15 bytes 30 times
+		for x := 0; x < 30; x++ {
+			data := getChunk(15, x)
+			f.Append(uint64(x), data)
+		}
+		f.DumpIndex(0, 30)
+		f.Close()
+	}
+	{ // Open it, iterate, verify iteration
+		f, err := newCustomTable(os.TempDir(), fname, rm, wm, sg, 50, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		items, err := f.RetrieveItems(0, 10000, 100000)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if have, want := len(items), 30; have != want {
+			t.Fatalf("want %d items, have %d ", want, have)
+		}
+		for i, have := range items {
+			want := getChunk(15, i)
+			if !bytes.Equal(want, have) {
+				t.Fatalf("data corruption: have\n%x\n, want \n%x\n", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		f.Close()
+	}
+	{ // Open it, iterate, verify byte limit. The byte limit is less than item
+		// size, so each lookup should only return one item
+		f, err := newCustomTable(os.TempDir(), fname, rm, wm, sg, 40, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		items, err := f.RetrieveItems(0, 10000, 10)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if have, want := len(items), 1; have != want {
+			t.Fatalf("want %d items, have %d ", want, have)
+		}
+		for i, have := range items {
+			want := getChunk(15, i)
+			if !bytes.Equal(want, have) {
+				t.Fatalf("data corruption: have\n%x\n, want \n%x\n", have, want)
+			}
+		}
+		f.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSequentialReadByteLimit does some more advanced tests on batch reads.
+// These tests check that when the byte limit hits, we correctly abort in time,
+// but also properly do all the deferred reads for the previous data, regardless
+// of whether the data crosses a file boundary or not.
+func TestSequentialReadByteLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	rm, wm, sg := metrics.NewMeter(), metrics.NewMeter(), metrics.NewGauge()
+	fname := fmt.Sprintf("batchread-2-%d", rand.Uint64())
+	{ // Fill table
+		f, err := newCustomTable(os.TempDir(), fname, rm, wm, sg, 100, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// Write 10 bytes 30 times,
+		// Splitting it at every 100 bytes (10 items)
+		for x := 0; x < 30; x++ {
+			data := getChunk(10, x)
+			f.Append(uint64(x), data)
+		}
+		f.Close()
+	}
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		items uint64
+		limit uint64
+		want  int
+	}{
+		{9, 89, 8},
+		{10, 99, 9},
+		{11, 109, 10},
+		{100, 89, 8},
+		{100, 99, 9},
+		{100, 109, 10},
+	} {
+		{
+			f, err := newCustomTable(os.TempDir(), fname, rm, wm, sg, 100, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			items, err := f.RetrieveItems(0, tc.items, tc.limit)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if have, want := len(items), tc.want; have != want {
+				t.Fatalf("test %d: want %d items, have %d ", i, want, have)
+			}
+			for ii, have := range items {
+				want := getChunk(10, ii)
+				if !bytes.Equal(want, have) {
+					t.Fatalf("test %d: data corruption item %d: have\n%x\n, want \n%x\n", i, ii, have, want)
+				}
+			}
+			f.Close()
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/core/rawdb/table.go b/core/rawdb/table.go
index d5ef60ae5..586451c06 100644
--- a/core/rawdb/table.go
+++ b/core/rawdb/table.go
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ func (t *table) Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error) {
 	return t.db.Ancient(kind, number)
 }
 
+// ReadAncients is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
+// database.
+func (t *table) ReadAncients(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error) {
+	return t.db.ReadAncients(kind, start, count, maxBytes)
+}
+
 // Ancients is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
 // database.
 func (t *table) Ancients() (uint64, error) {
diff --git a/core/state_transition.go b/core/state_transition.go
index 4c4187df1..6a09f6adc 100644
--- a/core/state_transition.go
+++ b/core/state_transition.go
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ type Message interface {
 	Value() *big.Int
 
 	Nonce() uint64
-	CheckNonce() bool
+	IsFake() bool
 	Data() []byte
 	AccessList() types.AccessList
 }
@@ -212,8 +212,9 @@ func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
 }
 
 func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
-	// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
-	if st.msg.CheckNonce() {
+	// Only check transactions that are not fake
+	if !st.msg.IsFake() {
+		// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
 		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(st.msg.From())
 		if msgNonce := st.msg.Nonce(); stNonce < msgNonce {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooHigh,
@@ -222,11 +223,11 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, tx: %d state: %d", ErrNonceTooLow,
 				st.msg.From().Hex(), msgNonce, stNonce)
 		}
-	}
-	// Make sure the sender is an EOA
-	if codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(st.msg.From()); codeHash != emptyCodeHash && codeHash != (common.Hash{}) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, codehash: %s", ErrSenderNoEOA,
-			st.msg.From().Hex(), codeHash)
+		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
+		if codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(st.msg.From()); codeHash != emptyCodeHash && codeHash != (common.Hash{}) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, codehash: %s", ErrSenderNoEOA,
+				st.msg.From().Hex(), codeHash)
+		}
 	}
 	// Make sure that transaction gasFeeCap is greater than the baseFee (post london)
 	if st.evm.ChainConfig().IsLondon(st.evm.Context.BlockNumber) {
diff --git a/core/types/transaction.go b/core/types/transaction.go
index a556f4b57..e21cf2bda 100644
--- a/core/types/transaction.go
+++ b/core/types/transaction.go
@@ -579,10 +579,10 @@ type Message struct {
 	gasTipCap  *big.Int
 	data       []byte
 	accessList AccessList
-	checkNonce bool
+	isFake     bool
 }
 
-func NewMessage(from common.Address, to *common.Address, nonce uint64, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap *big.Int, data []byte, accessList AccessList, checkNonce bool) Message {
+func NewMessage(from common.Address, to *common.Address, nonce uint64, amount *big.Int, gasLimit uint64, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap *big.Int, data []byte, accessList AccessList, isFake bool) Message {
 	return Message{
 		from:       from,
 		to:         to,
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ func NewMessage(from common.Address, to *common.Address, nonce uint64, amount *b
 		gasTipCap:  gasTipCap,
 		data:       data,
 		accessList: accessList,
-		checkNonce: checkNonce,
+		isFake:     isFake,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ func (tx *Transaction) AsMessage(s Signer, baseFee *big.Int) (Message, error) {
 		amount:     tx.Value(),
 		data:       tx.Data(),
 		accessList: tx.AccessList(),
-		checkNonce: true,
+		isFake:     false,
 	}
 	// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
 	if baseFee != nil {
@@ -631,4 +631,4 @@ func (m Message) Gas() uint64            { return m.gasLimit }
 func (m Message) Nonce() uint64          { return m.nonce }
 func (m Message) Data() []byte           { return m.data }
 func (m Message) AccessList() AccessList { return m.accessList }
-func (m Message) CheckNonce() bool       { return m.checkNonce }
+func (m Message) IsFake() bool           { return m.isFake }
diff --git a/core/vm/analysis.go b/core/vm/analysis.go
index 0ccf47b97..449cded2a 100644
--- a/core/vm/analysis.go
+++ b/core/vm/analysis.go
@@ -16,17 +16,49 @@
 
 package vm
 
+const (
+	set2BitsMask = uint16(0b1100_0000_0000_0000)
+	set3BitsMask = uint16(0b1110_0000_0000_0000)
+	set4BitsMask = uint16(0b1111_0000_0000_0000)
+	set5BitsMask = uint16(0b1111_1000_0000_0000)
+	set6BitsMask = uint16(0b1111_1100_0000_0000)
+	set7BitsMask = uint16(0b1111_1110_0000_0000)
+)
+
 // bitvec is a bit vector which maps bytes in a program.
 // An unset bit means the byte is an opcode, a set bit means
 // it's data (i.e. argument of PUSHxx).
 type bitvec []byte
 
-func (bits *bitvec) set(pos uint64) {
-	(*bits)[pos/8] |= 0x80 >> (pos % 8)
+var lookup = [8]byte{
+	0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0x8, 0x4, 0x2, 0x1,
 }
-func (bits *bitvec) set8(pos uint64) {
-	(*bits)[pos/8] |= 0xFF >> (pos % 8)
-	(*bits)[pos/8+1] |= ^(0xFF >> (pos % 8))
+
+func (bits bitvec) set1(pos uint64) {
+	bits[pos/8] |= lookup[pos%8]
+}
+
+func (bits bitvec) setN(flag uint16, pos uint64) {
+	a := flag >> (pos % 8)
+	bits[pos/8] |= byte(a >> 8)
+	if b := byte(a); b != 0 {
+		//	If the bit-setting affects the neighbouring byte, we can assign - no need to OR it,
+		//	since it's the first write to that byte
+		bits[pos/8+1] = b
+	}
+}
+
+func (bits bitvec) set8(pos uint64) {
+	a := byte(0xFF >> (pos % 8))
+	bits[pos/8] |= a
+	bits[pos/8+1] = ^a
+}
+
+func (bits bitvec) set16(pos uint64) {
+	a := byte(0xFF >> (pos % 8))
+	bits[pos/8] |= a
+	bits[pos/8+1] = 0xFF
+	bits[pos/8+2] = ^a
 }
 
 // codeSegment checks if the position is in a code segment.
@@ -40,22 +72,52 @@ func codeBitmap(code []byte) bitvec {
 	// ends with a PUSH32, the algorithm will push zeroes onto the
 	// bitvector outside the bounds of the actual code.
 	bits := make(bitvec, len(code)/8+1+4)
+	return codeBitmapInternal(code, bits)
+}
+
+// codeBitmapInternal is the internal implementation of codeBitmap.
+// It exists for the purpose of being able to run benchmark tests
+// without dynamic allocations affecting the results.
+func codeBitmapInternal(code, bits bitvec) bitvec {
 	for pc := uint64(0); pc < uint64(len(code)); {
 		op := OpCode(code[pc])
-
-		if op >= PUSH1 && op <= PUSH32 {
-			numbits := op - PUSH1 + 1
-			pc++
+		pc++
+		if op < PUSH1 || op > PUSH32 {
+			continue
+		}
+		numbits := op - PUSH1 + 1
+		if numbits >= 8 {
+			for ; numbits >= 16; numbits -= 16 {
+				bits.set16(pc)
+				pc += 16
+			}
 			for ; numbits >= 8; numbits -= 8 {
-				bits.set8(pc) // 8
+				bits.set8(pc)
 				pc += 8
 			}
-			for ; numbits > 0; numbits-- {
-				bits.set(pc)
-				pc++
-			}
-		} else {
-			pc++
+		}
+		switch numbits {
+		case 1:
+			bits.set1(pc)
+			pc += 1
+		case 2:
+			bits.setN(set2BitsMask, pc)
+			pc += 2
+		case 3:
+			bits.setN(set3BitsMask, pc)
+			pc += 3
+		case 4:
+			bits.setN(set4BitsMask, pc)
+			pc += 4
+		case 5:
+			bits.setN(set5BitsMask, pc)
+			pc += 5
+		case 6:
+			bits.setN(set6BitsMask, pc)
+			pc += 6
+		case 7:
+			bits.setN(set7BitsMask, pc)
+			pc += 7
 		}
 	}
 	return bits
diff --git a/core/vm/analysis_test.go b/core/vm/analysis_test.go
index fd2d744d8..585bb3097 100644
--- a/core/vm/analysis_test.go
+++ b/core/vm/analysis_test.go
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ func TestJumpDestAnalysis(t *testing.T) {
 		{[]byte{byte(PUSH32)}, 0xFF, 1},
 		{[]byte{byte(PUSH32)}, 0xFF, 2},
 	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
+	for i, test := range tests {
 		ret := codeBitmap(test.code)
 		if ret[test.which] != test.exp {
-			t.Fatalf("expected %x, got %02x", test.exp, ret[test.which])
+			t.Fatalf("test %d: expected %x, got %02x", i, test.exp, ret[test.which])
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -73,3 +73,23 @@ func BenchmarkJumpdestHashing_1200k(bench *testing.B) {
 	}
 	bench.StopTimer()
 }
+
+func BenchmarkJumpdestOpAnalysis(bench *testing.B) {
+	var op OpCode
+	bencher := func(b *testing.B) {
+		code := make([]byte, 32*b.N)
+		for i := range code {
+			code[i] = byte(op)
+		}
+		bits := make(bitvec, len(code)/8+1+4)
+		b.ResetTimer()
+		codeBitmapInternal(code, bits)
+	}
+	for op = PUSH1; op <= PUSH32; op++ {
+		bench.Run(op.String(), bencher)
+	}
+	op = JUMPDEST
+	bench.Run(op.String(), bencher)
+	op = STOP
+	bench.Run(op.String(), bencher)
+}
diff --git a/core/vm/instructions.go b/core/vm/instructions.go
index f7ef2f900..6c8c6e6e6 100644
--- a/core/vm/instructions.go
+++ b/core/vm/instructions.go
@@ -669,6 +669,7 @@ func opCall(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byt
 	}
 	stack.push(&temp)
 	if err == nil || err == ErrExecutionReverted {
+		ret = common.CopyBytes(ret)
 		scope.Memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	scope.Contract.Gas += returnGas
@@ -703,6 +704,7 @@ func opCallCode(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([
 	}
 	stack.push(&temp)
 	if err == nil || err == ErrExecutionReverted {
+		ret = common.CopyBytes(ret)
 		scope.Memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	scope.Contract.Gas += returnGas
@@ -730,6 +732,7 @@ func opDelegateCall(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext
 	}
 	stack.push(&temp)
 	if err == nil || err == ErrExecutionReverted {
+		ret = common.CopyBytes(ret)
 		scope.Memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	scope.Contract.Gas += returnGas
@@ -757,6 +760,7 @@ func opStaticCall(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext)
 	}
 	stack.push(&temp)
 	if err == nil || err == ErrExecutionReverted {
+		ret = common.CopyBytes(ret)
 		scope.Memory.Set(retOffset.Uint64(), retSize.Uint64(), ret)
 	}
 	scope.Contract.Gas += returnGas
diff --git a/core/vm/interpreter.go b/core/vm/interpreter.go
index 9cf0c4e2c..9fb83799c 100644
--- a/core/vm/interpreter.go
+++ b/core/vm/interpreter.go
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) (
 		// if the operation clears the return data (e.g. it has returning data)
 		// set the last return to the result of the operation.
 		if operation.returns {
-			in.returnData = common.CopyBytes(res)
+			in.returnData = res
 		}
 
 		switch {
diff --git a/eth/api.go b/eth/api.go
index 8b96d1f31..0f57128d7 100644
--- a/eth/api.go
+++ b/eth/api.go
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ func (api *PrivateDebugAPI) GetBadBlocks(ctx context.Context) ([]*BadBlockArgs,
 		} else {
 			blockRlp = fmt.Sprintf("0x%x", rlpBytes)
 		}
-		if blockJSON, err = ethapi.RPCMarshalBlock(block, true, true); err != nil {
+		if blockJSON, err = ethapi.RPCMarshalBlock(block, true, true, api.eth.engine); err != nil {
 			blockJSON = map[string]interface{}{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 		results = append(results, &BadBlockArgs{
diff --git a/eth/downloader/downloader.go b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
index e8a4a76ca..1767506a3 100644
--- a/eth/downloader/downloader.go
+++ b/eth/downloader/downloader.go
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ func (d *Downloader) syncWithPeer(p *peerConnection, hash common.Hash, td *big.I
 	}
 	if mode == FastSync && pivot == nil {
 		// If no pivot block was returned, the head is below the min full block
-		// threshold (i.e. new chian). In that case we won't really fast sync
+		// threshold (i.e. new chain). In that case we won't really fast sync
 		// anyway, but still need a valid pivot block to avoid some code hitting
 		// nil panics on an access.
 		pivot = d.blockchain.CurrentBlock().Header()
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ func (d *Downloader) fetchHead(p *peerConnection) (head *types.Header, pivot *ty
 				return head, nil, nil
 			}
 			// At this point we have 2 headers in total and the first is the
-			// validated head of the chian. Check the pivot number and return,
+			// validated head of the chain. Check the pivot number and return,
 			pivot := headers[1]
 			if pivot.Number.Uint64() != head.Number.Uint64()-uint64(fsMinFullBlocks) {
 				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: remote pivot %d != requested %d", errInvalidChain, pivot.Number, head.Number.Uint64()-uint64(fsMinFullBlocks))
diff --git a/eth/ethconfig/config.go b/eth/ethconfig/config.go
index 23ccf2484..89cdb7559 100644
--- a/eth/ethconfig/config.go
+++ b/eth/ethconfig/config.go
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ import (
 var FullNodeGPO = gasprice.Config{
 	Blocks:           20,
 	Percentile:       60,
-	MaxHeaderHistory: 0,
-	MaxBlockHistory:  0,
+	MaxHeaderHistory: 1024,
+	MaxBlockHistory:  1024,
 	MaxPrice:         gasprice.DefaultMaxPrice,
 	IgnorePrice:      gasprice.DefaultIgnorePrice,
 }
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
index 2c4486c6f..970dfd446 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/feehistory.go
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ package gasprice
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"math/big"
 	"sort"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -37,10 +39,6 @@ var (
 )
 
 const (
-	// maxFeeHistory is the maximum number of blocks that can be retrieved for a
-	// fee history request.
-	maxFeeHistory = 1024
-
 	// maxBlockFetchers is the max number of goroutines to spin up to pull blocks
 	// for the fee history calculation (mostly relevant for LES).
 	maxBlockFetchers = 4
@@ -54,10 +52,15 @@ type blockFees struct {
 	block       *types.Block // only set if reward percentiles are requested
 	receipts    types.Receipts
 	// filled by processBlock
+	results processedFees
+	err     error
+}
+
+// processedFees contains the results of a processed block and is also used for caching
+type processedFees struct {
 	reward               []*big.Int
 	baseFee, nextBaseFee *big.Int
 	gasUsedRatio         float64
-	err                  error
 }
 
 // txGasAndReward is sorted in ascending order based on reward
@@ -82,15 +85,15 @@ func (s sortGasAndReward) Less(i, j int) bool {
 // fills in the rest of the fields.
 func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 	chainconfig := oracle.backend.ChainConfig()
-	if bf.baseFee = bf.header.BaseFee; bf.baseFee == nil {
-		bf.baseFee = new(big.Int)
+	if bf.results.baseFee = bf.header.BaseFee; bf.results.baseFee == nil {
+		bf.results.baseFee = new(big.Int)
 	}
 	if chainconfig.IsLondon(big.NewInt(int64(bf.blockNumber + 1))) {
-		bf.nextBaseFee = misc.CalcBaseFee(chainconfig, bf.header)
+		bf.results.nextBaseFee = misc.CalcBaseFee(chainconfig, bf.header)
 	} else {
-		bf.nextBaseFee = new(big.Int)
+		bf.results.nextBaseFee = new(big.Int)
 	}
-	bf.gasUsedRatio = float64(bf.header.GasUsed) / float64(bf.header.GasLimit)
+	bf.results.gasUsedRatio = float64(bf.header.GasUsed) / float64(bf.header.GasLimit)
 	if len(percentiles) == 0 {
 		// rewards were not requested, return null
 		return
@@ -100,11 +103,11 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	bf.reward = make([]*big.Int, len(percentiles))
+	bf.results.reward = make([]*big.Int, len(percentiles))
 	if len(bf.block.Transactions()) == 0 {
 		// return an all zero row if there are no transactions to gather data from
-		for i := range bf.reward {
-			bf.reward[i] = new(big.Int)
+		for i := range bf.results.reward {
+			bf.results.reward[i] = new(big.Int)
 		}
 		return
 	}
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 			txIndex++
 			sumGasUsed += sorter[txIndex].gasUsed
 		}
-		bf.reward[i] = sorter[txIndex].reward
+		bf.results.reward[i] = sorter[txIndex].reward
 	}
 }
 
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) processBlock(bf *blockFees, percentiles []float64) {
 // also returned if requested and available.
 // Note: an error is only returned if retrieving the head header has failed. If there are no
 // retrievable blocks in the specified range then zero block count is returned with no error.
-func (oracle *Oracle) resolveBlockRange(ctx context.Context, lastBlock rpc.BlockNumber, blocks, maxHistory int) (*types.Block, []*types.Receipt, uint64, int, error) {
+func (oracle *Oracle) resolveBlockRange(ctx context.Context, lastBlock rpc.BlockNumber, blocks int) (*types.Block, []*types.Receipt, uint64, int, error) {
 	var (
 		headBlock       rpc.BlockNumber
 		pendingBlock    *types.Block
@@ -167,17 +170,6 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) resolveBlockRange(ctx context.Context, lastBlock rpc.Block
 	} else if pendingBlock == nil && lastBlock > headBlock {
 		return nil, nil, 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: requested %d, head %d", errRequestBeyondHead, lastBlock, headBlock)
 	}
-	if maxHistory != 0 {
-		// limit retrieval to the given number of latest blocks
-		if tooOldCount := int64(headBlock) - int64(maxHistory) - int64(lastBlock) + int64(blocks); tooOldCount > 0 {
-			// tooOldCount is the number of requested blocks that are too old to be served
-			if int64(blocks) > tooOldCount {
-				blocks -= int(tooOldCount)
-			} else {
-				return nil, nil, 0, 0, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	// ensure not trying to retrieve before genesis
 	if rpc.BlockNumber(blocks) > lastBlock+1 {
 		blocks = int(lastBlock + 1)
@@ -202,6 +194,10 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 	if blocks < 1 {
 		return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, nil // returning with no data and no error means there are no retrievable blocks
 	}
+	maxFeeHistory := oracle.maxHeaderHistory
+	if len(rewardPercentiles) != 0 {
+		maxFeeHistory = oracle.maxBlockHistory
+	}
 	if blocks > maxFeeHistory {
 		log.Warn("Sanitizing fee history length", "requested", blocks, "truncated", maxFeeHistory)
 		blocks = maxFeeHistory
@@ -214,17 +210,12 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 			return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: #%d:%f > #%d:%f", errInvalidPercentile, i-1, rewardPercentiles[i-1], i, p)
 		}
 	}
-	// Only process blocks if reward percentiles were requested
-	maxHistory := oracle.maxHeaderHistory
-	if len(rewardPercentiles) != 0 {
-		maxHistory = oracle.maxBlockHistory
-	}
 	var (
 		pendingBlock    *types.Block
 		pendingReceipts []*types.Receipt
 		err             error
 	)
-	pendingBlock, pendingReceipts, lastBlock, blocks, err := oracle.resolveBlockRange(ctx, unresolvedLastBlock, blocks, maxHistory)
+	pendingBlock, pendingReceipts, lastBlock, blocks, err := oracle.resolveBlockRange(ctx, unresolvedLastBlock, blocks)
 	if err != nil || blocks == 0 {
 		return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -234,6 +225,10 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 		next    = oldestBlock
 		results = make(chan *blockFees, blocks)
 	)
+	percentileKey := make([]byte, 8*len(rewardPercentiles))
+	for i, p := range rewardPercentiles {
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(percentileKey[i*8:(i+1)*8], math.Float64bits(p))
+	}
 	for i := 0; i < maxBlockFetchers && i < blocks; i++ {
 		go func() {
 			for {
@@ -246,24 +241,38 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 				fees := &blockFees{blockNumber: blockNumber}
 				if pendingBlock != nil && blockNumber >= pendingBlock.NumberU64() {
 					fees.block, fees.receipts = pendingBlock, pendingReceipts
+					fees.header = fees.block.Header()
+					oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles)
+					results <- fees
 				} else {
-					if len(rewardPercentiles) != 0 {
-						fees.block, fees.err = oracle.backend.BlockByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(blockNumber))
-						if fees.block != nil && fees.err == nil {
-							fees.receipts, fees.err = oracle.backend.GetReceipts(ctx, fees.block.Hash())
-						}
+					cacheKey := struct {
+						number      uint64
+						percentiles string
+					}{blockNumber, string(percentileKey)}
+
+					if p, ok := oracle.historyCache.Get(cacheKey); ok {
+						fees.results = p.(processedFees)
+						results <- fees
 					} else {
-						fees.header, fees.err = oracle.backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(blockNumber))
+						if len(rewardPercentiles) != 0 {
+							fees.block, fees.err = oracle.backend.BlockByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(blockNumber))
+							if fees.block != nil && fees.err == nil {
+								fees.receipts, fees.err = oracle.backend.GetReceipts(ctx, fees.block.Hash())
+								fees.header = fees.block.Header()
+							}
+						} else {
+							fees.header, fees.err = oracle.backend.HeaderByNumber(ctx, rpc.BlockNumber(blockNumber))
+						}
+						if fees.header != nil && fees.err == nil {
+							oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles)
+							if fees.err == nil {
+								oracle.historyCache.Add(cacheKey, fees.results)
+							}
+						}
+						// send to results even if empty to guarantee that blocks items are sent in total
+						results <- fees
 					}
 				}
-				if fees.block != nil {
-					fees.header = fees.block.Header()
-				}
-				if fees.header != nil {
-					oracle.processBlock(fees, rewardPercentiles)
-				}
-				// send to results even if empty to guarantee that blocks items are sent in total
-				results <- fees
 			}
 		}()
 	}
@@ -279,8 +288,8 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks int, unresolvedLast
 			return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, fees.err
 		}
 		i := int(fees.blockNumber - oldestBlock)
-		if fees.header != nil {
-			reward[i], baseFee[i], baseFee[i+1], gasUsedRatio[i] = fees.reward, fees.baseFee, fees.nextBaseFee, fees.gasUsedRatio
+		if fees.results.baseFee != nil {
+			reward[i], baseFee[i], baseFee[i+1], gasUsedRatio[i] = fees.results.reward, fees.results.baseFee, fees.results.nextBaseFee, fees.results.gasUsedRatio
 		} else {
 			// getting no block and no error means we are requesting into the future (might happen because of a reorg)
 			if i < firstMissing {
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go b/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go
index 16c74b7db..c259eb0ac 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/feehistory_test.go
@@ -36,20 +36,20 @@ func TestFeeHistory(t *testing.T) {
 		expCount            int
 		expErr              error
 	}{
-		{false, 0, 0, 10, 30, nil, 21, 10, nil},
-		{false, 0, 0, 10, 30, []float64{0, 10}, 21, 10, nil},
-		{false, 0, 0, 10, 30, []float64{20, 10}, 0, 0, errInvalidPercentile},
-		{false, 0, 0, 1000000000, 30, nil, 0, 31, nil},
-		{false, 0, 0, 1000000000, rpc.LatestBlockNumber, nil, 0, 33, nil},
-		{false, 0, 0, 10, 40, nil, 0, 0, errRequestBeyondHead},
-		{true, 0, 0, 10, 40, nil, 0, 0, errRequestBeyondHead},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 10, 30, nil, 21, 10, nil},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 10, 30, []float64{0, 10}, 21, 10, nil},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 10, 30, []float64{20, 10}, 0, 0, errInvalidPercentile},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 1000000000, 30, nil, 0, 31, nil},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 1000000000, rpc.LatestBlockNumber, nil, 0, 33, nil},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 10, 40, nil, 0, 0, errRequestBeyondHead},
+		{true, 1000, 1000, 10, 40, nil, 0, 0, errRequestBeyondHead},
 		{false, 20, 2, 100, rpc.LatestBlockNumber, nil, 13, 20, nil},
 		{false, 20, 2, 100, rpc.LatestBlockNumber, []float64{0, 10}, 31, 2, nil},
 		{false, 20, 2, 100, 32, []float64{0, 10}, 31, 2, nil},
-		{false, 0, 0, 1, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, nil, 0, 0, nil},
-		{false, 0, 0, 2, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, nil, 32, 1, nil},
-		{true, 0, 0, 2, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, nil, 32, 2, nil},
-		{true, 0, 0, 2, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, []float64{0, 10}, 32, 2, nil},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 1, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, nil, 0, 0, nil},
+		{false, 1000, 1000, 2, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, nil, 32, 1, nil},
+		{true, 1000, 1000, 2, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, nil, 32, 2, nil},
+		{true, 1000, 1000, 2, rpc.PendingBlockNumber, []float64{0, 10}, 32, 2, nil},
 	}
 	for i, c := range cases {
 		config := Config{
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
index 407eeaa28..8feb5ef24 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice.go
@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	lru "github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
 )
 
 const sampleNumber = 3 // Number of transactions sampled in a block
@@ -53,6 +56,7 @@ type OracleBackend interface {
 	GetReceipts(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (types.Receipts, error)
 	PendingBlockAndReceipts() (*types.Block, types.Receipts)
 	ChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig
+	SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription
 }
 
 // Oracle recommends gas prices based on the content of recent
@@ -68,6 +72,7 @@ type Oracle struct {
 
 	checkBlocks, percentile           int
 	maxHeaderHistory, maxBlockHistory int
+	historyCache                      *lru.Cache
 }
 
 // NewOracle returns a new gasprice oracle which can recommend suitable
@@ -99,6 +104,20 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 	} else if ignorePrice.Int64() > 0 {
 		log.Info("Gasprice oracle is ignoring threshold set", "threshold", ignorePrice)
 	}
+
+	cache, _ := lru.New(2048)
+	headEvent := make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, 1)
+	backend.SubscribeChainHeadEvent(headEvent)
+	go func() {
+		var lastHead common.Hash
+		for ev := range headEvent {
+			if ev.Block.ParentHash() != lastHead {
+				cache.Purge()
+			}
+			lastHead = ev.Block.Hash()
+		}
+	}()
+
 	return &Oracle{
 		backend:          backend,
 		lastPrice:        params.Default,
@@ -108,6 +127,7 @@ func NewOracle(backend OracleBackend, params Config) *Oracle {
 		percentile:       percent,
 		maxHeaderHistory: params.MaxHeaderHistory,
 		maxBlockHistory:  params.MaxBlockHistory,
+		historyCache:     cache,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go b/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go
index dea8fea95..feecfddec 100644
--- a/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go
+++ b/eth/gasprice/gasprice_test.go
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
@@ -90,6 +91,10 @@ func (b *testBackend) ChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig {
 	return b.chain.Config()
 }
 
+func (b *testBackend) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func newTestBackend(t *testing.T, londonBlock *big.Int, pending bool) *testBackend {
 	var (
 		key, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
diff --git a/ethdb/database.go b/ethdb/database.go
index 0dc14624b..bdc09d5e9 100644
--- a/ethdb/database.go
+++ b/ethdb/database.go
@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@ type AncientReader interface {
 	// Ancient retrieves an ancient binary blob from the append-only immutable files.
 	Ancient(kind string, number uint64) ([]byte, error)
 
+	// ReadAncients retrieves multiple items in sequence, starting from the index 'start'.
+	// It will return
+	//  - at most 'count' items,
+	//  - at least 1 item (even if exceeding the maxBytes), but will otherwise
+	//   return as many items as fit into maxBytes.
+	ReadAncients(kind string, start, count, maxBytes uint64) ([][]byte, error)
+
 	// Ancients returns the ancient item numbers in the ancient store.
 	Ancients() (uint64, error)
 
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index e59dfd580..bab3b302d 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/adal v0.8.0 // indirect
 	github.com/StackExchange/wmi v0.0.0-20180116203802-5d049714c4a6 // indirect
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fastcache v1.6.0
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.41.4
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.2.0
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.1.1
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.1.1
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.4.1-0.20210426202927-39ac3d4b3f1f
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
 	github.com/deckarep/golang-set v0.0.0-20180603214616-504e848d77ea
+	github.com/deepmap/oapi-codegen v1.8.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/docker v1.4.2-0.20180625184442-8e610b2b55bf
 	github.com/dop251/goja v0.0.0-20200721192441-a695b0cdd498
@@ -39,13 +41,15 @@ require (
 	github.com/holiman/uint256 v1.2.0
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.0.2
 	github.com/influxdata/influxdb v1.8.3
+	github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.4.0
+	github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20210311194329-9aa0e372d097 // indirect
 	github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp v1.0.2-0.20160603034137-1fa385a6f458
 	github.com/jedisct1/go-minisign v0.0.0-20190909160543-45766022959e
 	github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0
 	github.com/karalabe/usb v0.0.0-20190919080040-51dc0efba356
 	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.0
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.5-0.20180830101745-3fb116b82035
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.8
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.12
 	github.com/naoina/go-stringutil v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/naoina/toml v0.1.2-0.20170918210437-9fafd6967416
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/peterh/liner v1.1.1-0.20190123174540-a2c9a5303de7
 	github.com/prometheus/tsdb v0.7.1
 	github.com/rjeczalik/notify v0.9.1
+	github.com/robertkrimen/otto v0.0.0-20211008084715-4eacda02dd21
 	github.com/rs/cors v1.7.0
 	github.com/shirou/gopsutil v3.21.4-0.20210419000835-c7a38de76ee5+incompatible
 	github.com/status-im/keycard-go v0.0.0-20190316090335-8537d3370df4
@@ -61,13 +66,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.5 // indirect
 	github.com/tyler-smith/go-bip39 v1.0.1-0.20181017060643-dbb3b84ba2ef
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210322153248-0c34fe9e7dc2
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210614182718-04defd469f4e // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210805182204-aaa1db679c0d // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210816183151-1e6c022a8912
 	golang.org/x/text v0.3.6
-	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20201208040808-7e3f01d25324
+	golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/npipe.v2 v2.0.0-20160621034901-c1b8fa8bdcce
 	gopkg.in/olebedev/go-duktape.v3 v3.0.0-20200619000410-60c24ae608a6
 	gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1 v1.20.0
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 	gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible // indirect
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 33e187e75..825f0c892 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/date v0.2.0 h1:yW+Zlqf26583pE43KhfnhFcdmSW
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/date v0.2.0/go.mod h1:vcORJHLJEh643/Ioh9+vPmf1Ij9AEBM5FuBIXLmIy0g=
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/mocks v0.1.0/go.mod h1:OTyCOPRA2IgIlWxVYxBee2F5Gr4kF2zd2J5cFRaIDN0=
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/mocks v0.2.0/go.mod h1:OTyCOPRA2IgIlWxVYxBee2F5Gr4kF2zd2J5cFRaIDN0=
+github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/mocks v0.3.0 h1:qJumjCaCudz+OcqE9/XtEPfvtOjOmKaui4EOpFI6zZc=
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/mocks v0.3.0/go.mod h1:a8FDP3DYzQ4RYfVAxAN3SVSiiO77gL2j2ronKKP0syM=
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/logger v0.1.0 h1:ruG4BSDXONFRrZZJ2GUXDiUyVpayPmb1GnWeHDdaNKY=
 github.com/Azure/go-autorest/logger v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oExouG+K6PryycPJfVSxi/koC6LSNgds39diKLz7Vrc=
@@ -54,6 +55,8 @@ github.com/allegro/bigcache v1.2.1-0.20190218064605-e24eb225f156 h1:eMwmnE/GDgah
 github.com/allegro/bigcache v1.2.1-0.20190218064605-e24eb225f156/go.mod h1:Cb/ax3seSYIx7SuZdm2G2xzfwmv3TPSk2ucNfQESPXM=
 github.com/andreyvit/diff v0.0.0-20170406064948-c7f18ee00883/go.mod h1:rCTlJbsFo29Kk6CurOXKm700vrz8f0KW0JNfpkRJY/8=
 github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20191024131854-af6fa24be0db/go.mod h1:VTxUBvSJ3s3eHAg65PNgrsn5BtqCRPdmyXh6rAfdxN0=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.41.4 h1:5xRzZp8LfBFfowMPxmoNsxLBZOY/NTH4EeI7q2F5eWE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.41.4/go.mod h1:585smgzpB/KqRA+K3y/NL/oYRqQvpNJYvLm+LY1U59Q=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.2.0 h1:BS+UYpbsElC82gB+2E2jiCBg36i8HlubTB/dO/moQ9c=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.2.0/go.mod h1:zEQs02YRBw1DjK0PoJv3ygDYOFTre1ejlJWl8FwAuQo=
 github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.1.1 h1:ZAoq32boMzcaTW9bcUacBswAmHTbvlvDJICgHFZuECo=
@@ -103,6 +106,7 @@ github.com/consensys/bavard v0.1.8-0.20210406032232-f3452dc9b572/go.mod h1:Bpd0/
 github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.4.1-0.20210426202927-39ac3d4b3f1f h1:C43yEtQ6NIf4ftFXD/V55gnGFgPbMQobd//YlnLjUJ8=
 github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto v0.4.1-0.20210426202927-39ac3d4b3f1f/go.mod h1:815PAHg3wvysy0SyIqanF8gZ0Y1wjk/hrDHD/iT88+Q=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
+github.com/cyberdelia/templates v0.0.0-20141128023046-ca7fffd4298c/go.mod h1:GyV+0YP4qX0UQ7r2MoYZ+AvYDp12OF5yg4q8rGnyNh4=
 github.com/dave/jennifer v1.2.0/go.mod h1:fIb+770HOpJ2fmN9EPPKOqm1vMGhB+TwXKMZhrIygKg=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v0.0.0-20171005155431-ecdeabc65495/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
@@ -110,6 +114,9 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/deckarep/golang-set v0.0.0-20180603214616-504e848d77ea h1:j4317fAZh7X6GqbFowYdYdI0L9bwxL07jyPZIdepyZ0=
 github.com/deckarep/golang-set v0.0.0-20180603214616-504e848d77ea/go.mod h1:93vsz/8Wt4joVM7c2AVqh+YRMiUSc14yDtF28KmMOgQ=
+github.com/deepmap/oapi-codegen v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ryDa9AgbELGeB+YEXE1dR53yAjHwFvE9iAUlWl9Al3M=
+github.com/deepmap/oapi-codegen v1.8.2 h1:SegyeYGcdi0jLLrpbCMoJxnUUn8GBXHsvr4rbzjuhfU=
+github.com/deepmap/oapi-codegen v1.8.2/go.mod h1:YLgSKSDv/bZQB7N4ws6luhozi3cEdRktEqrX88CvjIw=
 github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go v3.2.0+incompatible h1:7qlOGliEKZXTDg6OTjfoBKDXWrumCAMpl/TFQ4/5kLM=
 github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go v3.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:E3ru+11k8xSBh+hMPgOLZmtrrCbhqsmaPHjLKYnJCaQ=
 github.com/dgryski/go-bitstream v0.0.0-20180413035011-3522498ce2c8/go.mod h1:VMaSuZ+SZcx/wljOQKvp5srsbCiKDEb6K2wC4+PiBmQ=
@@ -135,8 +142,12 @@ github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9 h1:hsms1Qyu0jgnwNXIxa+/V/PDsU6CfLf6CNO8H7IWo
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9/go.mod h1:znqG4EE+3YCdAaPaxE2ZRY/06pZUdp0tY4IgpuI1SZQ=
 github.com/gballet/go-libpcsclite v0.0.0-20190607065134-2772fd86a8ff h1:tY80oXqGNY4FhTFhk+o9oFHGINQ/+vhlm8HFzi6znCI=
 github.com/gballet/go-libpcsclite v0.0.0-20190607065134-2772fd86a8ff/go.mod h1:x7DCsMOv1taUwEWCzT4cmDeAkigA5/QCwUodaVOe8Ww=
+github.com/getkin/kin-openapi v0.53.0/go.mod h1:7Yn5whZr5kJi6t+kShccXS8ae1APpYTW6yheSwk8Yi4=
+github.com/getkin/kin-openapi v0.61.0/go.mod h1:7Yn5whZr5kJi6t+kShccXS8ae1APpYTW6yheSwk8Yi4=
+github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/glycerine/go-unsnap-stream v0.0.0-20180323001048-9f0cb55181dd/go.mod h1:/20jfyN9Y5QPEAprSgKAUr+glWDY39ZiUEAYOEv5dsE=
 github.com/glycerine/goconvey v0.0.0-20190410193231-58a59202ab31/go.mod h1:Ogl1Tioa0aV7gstGFO7KhffUsb9M4ydbEbbxpcEDc24=
+github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.0.0/go.mod h1:BBug9lr0cqtdAhsu6R4AAdvufI0/XBzAQSsUqJpoZOs=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw v0.0.0-20190409004039-e6da0acd62b1/go.mod h1:vR7hzQXu2zJy9AVAgeJqvqgH9Q5CA+iKCZ2gyEVpxRU=
 github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20191125211704-12ad95a8df72/go.mod h1:tQ2UAYgL5IevRw8kRxooKSPJfGvJ9fJQFa0TUsXzTg8=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0 h1:Wz+5lgoB0kkuqLEc6NVmwRknTKP6dTGbSqvhZtBI/j0=
@@ -146,6 +157,8 @@ github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0 h1:MP4Eh7ZCb31lleYCFuwm0oe4/YGak+5l1vA2NOE80n
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.1 h1:2lOsA72HgjxAuMlKpFiCbHTvu44PIVkZ5hqm3RSdI/E=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.1/go.mod h1:7FAglXiTm7HKlQRDeOQ6ZNUHidzCWXuZWq/1dTyBNF8=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.19.5/go.mod h1:Pl9vOtqEWErmShwVjC8pYs9cog34VGT37dQOVbmoatg=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.19.5/go.mod h1:POnQmlKehdgb5mhVOsnJFsivZCEZ/vjK9gh66Z9tfKk=
 github.com/go-sourcemap/sourcemap v2.1.2+incompatible h1:0b/xya7BKGhXuqFESKM4oIiRo9WOt2ebz7KxfreD6ug=
 github.com/go-sourcemap/sourcemap v2.1.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:F8jJfvm2KbVjc5NqelyYJmf/v5J0dwNLS2mL4sNA1Jg=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.4.1/go.mod h1:zAC/RDZ24gD3HViQzih4MyKcchzm+sOG5ZlKdlhCg5w=
@@ -178,6 +191,7 @@ github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEW
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.3/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 h1:yAGX7huGHXlcLOEtBnF4w7FQwA26wojNCwOYAEhLjQM=
 github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
+github.com/golangci/lint-1 v0.0.0-20181222135242-d2cdd8c08219/go.mod h1:/X8TswGSh1pIozq4ZwCfxS0WA5JGXguxk94ar/4c87Y=
 github.com/google/btree v0.0.0-20180813153112-4030bb1f1f0c/go.mod h1:lNA+9X1NB3Zf8V7Ke586lFgjr2dZNuvo3lPJSGZ5JPQ=
 github.com/google/btree v1.0.0/go.mod h1:lNA+9X1NB3Zf8V7Ke586lFgjr2dZNuvo3lPJSGZ5JPQ=
 github.com/google/flatbuffers v1.11.0/go.mod h1:1AeVuKshWv4vARoZatz6mlQ0JxURH0Kv5+zNeJKJCa8=
@@ -200,6 +214,7 @@ github.com/google/uuid v1.1.5/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:0Wqv26UfaUD9n4G6kQubkQ+KchISgw+vpHVxEJEs9eg=
 github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.0.5/go.mod h1:DWXyrwAJ9X0FpwwEdw+IPEYBICEFu5mhpdKc/us6bOk=
 github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1/go.mod h1:wJfORRmW1u3UXTncJ5qlYoELFm8eSnnEO6hX4iZ3EWY=
+github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0/go.mod h1:DVbg23sWSpFRCP0SfiEN6jmj59UnW/n46BH5rLB71So=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 h1:+/TMaTYc4QFitKJxsQ7Yye35DkWvkdLcvGKqM+x0Ufc=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/graph-gophers/graphql-go v0.0.0-20201113091052-beb923fada29 h1:sezaKhEfPFg8W0Enm61B9Gs911H8iesGY5R8NDPtd1M=
@@ -221,8 +236,13 @@ github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:PxqpIevigyE2G7u3NXJIT2ANyt
 github.com/influxdata/flux v0.65.1/go.mod h1:J754/zds0vvpfwuq7Gc2wRdVwEodfpCFM7mYlOw2LqY=
 github.com/influxdata/influxdb v1.8.3 h1:WEypI1BQFTT4teLM+1qkEcvUi0dAvopAI/ir0vAiBg8=
 github.com/influxdata/influxdb v1.8.3/go.mod h1:JugdFhsvvI8gadxOI6noqNeeBHvWNTbfYGtiAn+2jhI=
+github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.4.0 h1:HGBfZYStlx3Kqvsv1h2pJixbCl/jhnFtxpKFAv9Tu5k=
+github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:vLNHdxTJkIf2mSLvGrpj8TCcISApPoXkaxP8g9uRlW8=
 github.com/influxdata/influxql v1.1.1-0.20200828144457-65d3ef77d385/go.mod h1:gHp9y86a/pxhjJ+zMjNXiQAA197Xk9wLxaz+fGG+kWk=
 github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20180522152040-32c6aa80de5e/go.mod h1:4kt73NQhadE3daL3WhR5EJ/J2ocX0PZzwxQ0gXJ7oFE=
+github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20200327222509-2487e7298839/go.mod h1:xaLFMmpvUxqXtVkUJfg9QmT88cDaCJ3ZKgdZ78oO8Qo=
+github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20210311194329-9aa0e372d097 h1:vilfsDSy7TDxedi9gyBkMvAirat/oRcL0lFdJBf6tdM=
+github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20210311194329-9aa0e372d097/go.mod h1:xaLFMmpvUxqXtVkUJfg9QmT88cDaCJ3ZKgdZ78oO8Qo=
 github.com/influxdata/promql/v2 v2.12.0/go.mod h1:fxOPu+DY0bqCTCECchSRtWfc+0X19ybifQhZoQNF5D8=
 github.com/influxdata/roaring v0.4.13-0.20180809181101-fc520f41fab6/go.mod h1:bSgUQ7q5ZLSO+bKBGqJiCBGAl+9DxyW63zLTujjUlOE=
 github.com/influxdata/tdigest v0.0.0-20181121200506-bf2b5ad3c0a9/go.mod h1:Js0mqiSBE6Ffsg94weZZ2c+v/ciT8QRHFOap7EKDrR0=
@@ -232,7 +252,9 @@ github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp v1.0.2-0.20160603034137-1fa385a6f458/go.mod h1:QPH
 github.com/jedisct1/go-minisign v0.0.0-20190909160543-45766022959e h1:UvSe12bq+Uj2hWd8aOlwPmoZ+CITRFrdit+sDGfAg8U=
 github.com/jedisct1/go-minisign v0.0.0-20190909160543-45766022959e/go.mod h1:G1CVv03EnqU1wYL2dFwXxW2An0az9JTl/ZsqXQeBlkU=
 github.com/jessevdk/go-flags v0.0.0-20141203071132-1679536dcc89/go.mod h1:4FA24M0QyGHXBuZZK/XkWh8h0e1EYbRYJSGM75WSRxI=
+github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 h1:BEgLn5cpjn8UN1mAw4NjwDrS35OdebyEtFe+9YPoQUg=
 github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0/go.mod h1:T8mJZnbsbmF+m6zOOFylbeCJqk5+pHWvzYPziyZiYoo=
+github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath/internal/testify v1.5.1 h1:shLQSRRSCCPj3f2gpwzGwWFoC7ycTf1rcQZHOlsJ6N8=
 github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath/internal/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:L3OGu8Wl2/fWfCI6z80xFu9LTZmf1ZRjMHUOPmWr69U=
 github.com/jrick/logrotate v1.0.0/go.mod h1:LNinyqDIJnpAur+b8yyulnQw/wDuN1+BYKlTRt3OuAQ=
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.6/go.mod h1:+SdeFBvtyEkXs7REEP0seUULqWtbJapLOCVDaaPEHmU=
@@ -263,18 +285,27 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
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@@ -337,6 +368,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/tsdb v0.7.1/go.mod h1:qhTCs0VvXwvX/y3TZrWD7rabWM+ijKTux40T
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@@ -362,6 +395,7 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.0/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXf
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@@ -374,6 +408,9 @@ github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.2.2/go.mod h1:x3qojaO3uyYt0i56EW/VUYs7uBvdl2fkfZF
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@@ -391,6 +428,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8U
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@@ -438,11 +477,14 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190724013045-ca1201d0de80/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
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@@ -464,6 +506,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180909124046-d0be0721c37e/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5h
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+golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1 h1:v+OssWQX+hTHEmOBgwxdZxK4zHq3yOs8F9J7mk0PY8E=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
@@ -495,12 +546,14 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.4/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.5/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6 h1:aRYxNxv6iGQlyVaZmk6ZgYEDa+Jg18DxebPSrd6bg1M=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20181108054448-85acf8d2951c/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20190308202827-9d24e82272b4/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
-golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20201208040808-7e3f01d25324 h1:Hir2P/De0WpUhtrKGGjvSb2YxUgyZ7EFOSLIcSSpiwE=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20201208040808-7e3f01d25324/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba h1:O8mE0/t419eoIwhTFpKVkHiTs/Igowgfkj25AcZrtiE=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20210220033141-f8bda1e9f3ba/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180525024113-a5b4c53f6e8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20181030221726-6c7e314b6563/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -587,6 +640,9 @@ gopkg.in/natefinch/npipe.v2 v2.0.0-20160621034901-c1b8fa8bdcce h1:+JknDZhAj8YMt7
 gopkg.in/natefinch/npipe.v2 v2.0.0-20160621034901-c1b8fa8bdcce/go.mod h1:5AcXVHNjg+BDxry382+8OKon8SEWiKktQR07RKPsv1c=
 gopkg.in/olebedev/go-duktape.v3 v3.0.0-20200619000410-60c24ae608a6 h1:a6cXbcDDUkSBlpnkWV1bJ+vv3mOgQEltEJ2rPxroVu0=
 gopkg.in/olebedev/go-duktape.v3 v3.0.0-20200619000410-60c24ae608a6/go.mod h1:uAJfkITjFhyEEuUfm7bsmCZRbW5WRq8s9EY8HZ6hCns=
+gopkg.in/readline.v1 v1.0.0-20160726135117-62c6fe619375/go.mod h1:lNEQeAhU009zbRxng+XOj5ITVgY24WcbNnQopyfKoYQ=
+gopkg.in/sourcemap.v1 v1.0.5 h1:inv58fC9f9J3TK2Y2R1NPntXEn3/wjWHkonhIUODNTI=
+gopkg.in/sourcemap.v1 v1.0.5/go.mod h1:2RlvNNSMglmRrcvhfuzp4hQHwOtjxlbjX7UPY/GXb78=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7 h1:uRGJdciOHaEIrze2W8Q3AKkepLTh2hOroT7a+7czfdQ=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWDmTeBkI65Dw0HsyUHuEVlX15mw=
 gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1 v1.20.0 h1:NdAVW6RYxDif9DhDHaAortIu956m2c0v+09AZBPTbE0=
@@ -596,8 +652,9 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0 h1:clyUAQHOM3G0M3f5vQj7LuJrETvjVot3Z5el9nffUtU=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible h1:VsBPFP1AI068pPrMxtb/S8Zkgf9xEmTLJjfM+P5UIEo=
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/api.go b/internal/ethapi/api.go
index 9a82824ad..1af98e107 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/api.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/api.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/clique"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
@@ -1175,7 +1176,8 @@ func FormatLogs(logs []vm.StructLog) []StructLogRes {
 }
 
 // RPCMarshalHeader converts the given header to the RPC output .
-func RPCMarshalHeader(head *types.Header) map[string]interface{} {
+func RPCMarshalHeader(head *types.Header, engine consensus.Engine) map[string]interface{} {
+	miner, _ := engine.Author(head)
 	result := map[string]interface{}{
 		"number":           (*hexutil.Big)(head.Number),
 		"hash":             head.Hash(),
@@ -1185,7 +1187,7 @@ func RPCMarshalHeader(head *types.Header) map[string]interface{} {
 		"sha3Uncles":       head.UncleHash,
 		"logsBloom":        head.Bloom,
 		"stateRoot":        head.Root,
-		"miner":            head.Coinbase,
+		"miner":            miner,
 		"difficulty":       (*hexutil.Big)(head.Difficulty),
 		"extraData":        hexutil.Bytes(head.Extra),
 		"size":             hexutil.Uint64(head.Size()),
@@ -1206,8 +1208,8 @@ func RPCMarshalHeader(head *types.Header) map[string]interface{} {
 // RPCMarshalBlock converts the given block to the RPC output which depends on fullTx. If inclTx is true transactions are
 // returned. When fullTx is true the returned block contains full transaction details, otherwise it will only contain
 // transaction hashes.
-func RPCMarshalBlock(block *types.Block, inclTx bool, fullTx bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	fields := RPCMarshalHeader(block.Header())
+func RPCMarshalBlock(block *types.Block, inclTx bool, fullTx bool, engine consensus.Engine) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	fields := RPCMarshalHeader(block.Header(), engine)
 	fields["size"] = hexutil.Uint64(block.Size())
 
 	if inclTx {
@@ -1242,7 +1244,7 @@ func RPCMarshalBlock(block *types.Block, inclTx bool, fullTx bool) (map[string]i
 // rpcMarshalHeader uses the generalized output filler, then adds the total difficulty field, which requires
 // a `PublicBlockchainAPI`.
 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) rpcMarshalHeader(ctx context.Context, header *types.Header) map[string]interface{} {
-	fields := RPCMarshalHeader(header)
+	fields := RPCMarshalHeader(header, s.b.Engine())
 	fields["totalDifficulty"] = (*hexutil.Big)(s.b.GetTd(ctx, header.Hash()))
 	return fields
 }
@@ -1250,7 +1252,7 @@ func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) rpcMarshalHeader(ctx context.Context, header *type
 // rpcMarshalBlock uses the generalized output filler, then adds the total difficulty field, which requires
 // a `PublicBlockchainAPI`.
 func (s *PublicBlockChainAPI) rpcMarshalBlock(ctx context.Context, b *types.Block, inclTx bool, fullTx bool) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
-	fields, err := RPCMarshalBlock(b, inclTx, fullTx)
+	fields, err := RPCMarshalBlock(b, inclTx, fullTx, s.b.Engine())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
index 8c12743dc..52811b2a9 100644
--- a/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
+++ b/internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// ToMessage converts th transaction arguments to the Message type used by the
+// ToMessage converts the transaction arguments to the Message type used by the
 // core evm. This method is used in calls and traces that do not require a real
 // live transaction.
 func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (types.Message, error) {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) ToMessage(globalGasCap uint64, baseFee *big.Int) (t
 	if args.AccessList != nil {
 		accessList = *args.AccessList
 	}
-	msg := types.NewMessage(addr, args.To, 0, value, gas, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap, data, accessList, false)
+	msg := types.NewMessage(addr, args.To, 0, value, gas, gasPrice, gasFeeCap, gasTipCap, data, accessList, true)
 	return msg, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/les/odr_test.go b/les/odr_test.go
index 91419ec80..ea88495d1 100644
--- a/les/odr_test.go
+++ b/les/odr_test.go
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.Chai
 				from := statedb.GetOrNewStateObject(bankAddr)
 				from.SetBalance(math.MaxBig256)
 
-				msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(from.Address(), &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, false)}
+				msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(from.Address(), &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true)}
 
 				context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, bc, nil)
 				txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, config *params.Chai
 			header := lc.GetHeaderByHash(bhash)
 			state := light.NewState(ctx, header, lc.Odr())
 			state.SetBalance(bankAddr, math.MaxBig256)
-			msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(bankAddr, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, false)}
+			msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(bankAddr, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 100000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true)}
 			context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, lc, nil)
 			txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 			vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, state, config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
diff --git a/light/odr_test.go b/light/odr_test.go
index b31e54d28..fdf657a82 100644
--- a/light/odr_test.go
+++ b/light/odr_test.go
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ func odrContractCall(ctx context.Context, db ethdb.Database, bc *core.BlockChain
 
 		// Perform read-only call.
 		st.SetBalance(testBankAddress, math.MaxBig256)
-		msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(testBankAddress, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 1000000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, false)}
+		msg := callmsg{types.NewMessage(testBankAddress, &testContractAddr, 0, new(big.Int), 1000000, big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), big.NewInt(params.InitialBaseFee), new(big.Int), data, nil, true)}
 		txContext := core.NewEVMTxContext(msg)
 		context := core.NewEVMBlockContext(header, chain, nil)
 		vmenv := vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, st, config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
diff --git a/metrics/config.go b/metrics/config.go
index d05d66426..2eb09fb48 100644
--- a/metrics/config.go
+++ b/metrics/config.go
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	InfluxDBUsername string `toml:",omitempty"`
 	InfluxDBPassword string `toml:",omitempty"`
 	InfluxDBTags     string `toml:",omitempty"`
+
+	EnableInfluxDBV2     bool   `toml:",omitempty"`
+	InfluxDBToken        string `toml:",omitempty"`
+	InfluxDBBucket       string `toml:",omitempty"`
+	InfluxDBOrganization string `toml:",omitempty"`
 }
 
 // DefaultConfig is the default config for metrics used in go-ethereum.
@@ -42,4 +47,10 @@ var DefaultConfig = Config{
 	InfluxDBUsername: "test",
 	InfluxDBPassword: "test",
 	InfluxDBTags:     "host=localhost",
+
+	// influxdbv2-specific flags
+	EnableInfluxDBV2:     false,
+	InfluxDBToken:        "test",
+	InfluxDBBucket:       "geth",
+	InfluxDBOrganization: "geth",
 }
diff --git a/metrics/influxdb/influxdbv2.go b/metrics/influxdb/influxdbv2.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00901f52c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics/influxdb/influxdbv2.go
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+package influxdb
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
+	influxdb2 "github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2"
+	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2/api"
+)
+
+type v2Reporter struct {
+	reg      metrics.Registry
+	interval time.Duration
+
+	endpoint     string
+	token        string
+	bucket       string
+	organization string
+	namespace    string
+	tags         map[string]string
+
+	client influxdb2.Client
+	write  api.WriteAPI
+
+	cache map[string]int64
+}
+
+// InfluxDBWithTags starts a InfluxDB reporter which will post the from the given metrics.Registry at each d interval with the specified tags
+func InfluxDBV2WithTags(r metrics.Registry, d time.Duration, endpoint string, token string, bucket string, organization string, namespace string, tags map[string]string) {
+	rep := &v2Reporter{
+		reg:          r,
+		interval:     d,
+		endpoint:     endpoint,
+		token:        token,
+		bucket:       bucket,
+		organization: organization,
+		namespace:    namespace,
+		tags:         tags,
+		cache:        make(map[string]int64),
+	}
+
+	rep.client = influxdb2.NewClient(rep.endpoint, rep.token)
+	defer rep.client.Close()
+
+	// async write client
+	rep.write = rep.client.WriteAPI(rep.organization, rep.bucket)
+	errorsCh := rep.write.Errors()
+
+	// have to handle write errors in a separate goroutine like this b/c the channel is unbuffered and will block writes if not read
+	go func() {
+		for err := range errorsCh {
+			log.Warn("write error", "err", err.Error())
+		}
+	}()
+	rep.run()
+}
+
+func (r *v2Reporter) run() {
+	intervalTicker := time.Tick(r.interval)
+	pingTicker := time.Tick(time.Second * 5)
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-intervalTicker:
+			r.send()
+		case <-pingTicker:
+			_, err := r.client.Health(context.Background())
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Got error from influxdb client health check", "err", err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+
+func (r *v2Reporter) send() {
+	r.reg.Each(func(name string, i interface{}) {
+		now := time.Now()
+		namespace := r.namespace
+
+		switch metric := i.(type) {
+
+		case metrics.Counter:
+			v := metric.Count()
+			l := r.cache[name]
+
+			measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.count", namespace, name)
+			fields := map[string]interface{}{
+				"value": v - l,
+			}
+
+			pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+			r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+
+			r.cache[name] = v
+
+		case metrics.Gauge:
+			ms := metric.Snapshot()
+
+			measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.gauge", namespace, name)
+			fields := map[string]interface{}{
+				"value": ms.Value(),
+			}
+
+			pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+			r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+
+		case metrics.GaugeFloat64:
+			ms := metric.Snapshot()
+
+			measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.gauge", namespace, name)
+			fields := map[string]interface{}{
+				"value": ms.Value(),
+			}
+
+			pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+			r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+
+		case metrics.Histogram:
+			ms := metric.Snapshot()
+
+			if ms.Count() > 0 {
+				ps := ms.Percentiles([]float64{0.5, 0.75, 0.95, 0.99, 0.999, 0.9999})
+				measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.histogram", namespace, name)
+				fields := map[string]interface{}{
+					"count":    ms.Count(),
+					"max":      ms.Max(),
+					"mean":     ms.Mean(),
+					"min":      ms.Min(),
+					"stddev":   ms.StdDev(),
+					"variance": ms.Variance(),
+					"p50":      ps[0],
+					"p75":      ps[1],
+					"p95":      ps[2],
+					"p99":      ps[3],
+					"p999":     ps[4],
+					"p9999":    ps[5],
+				}
+
+				pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+				r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+			}
+
+		case metrics.Meter:
+			ms := metric.Snapshot()
+
+			measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.meter", namespace, name)
+			fields := map[string]interface{}{
+				"count": ms.Count(),
+				"m1":    ms.Rate1(),
+				"m5":    ms.Rate5(),
+				"m15":   ms.Rate15(),
+				"mean":  ms.RateMean(),
+			}
+
+			pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+			r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+
+		case metrics.Timer:
+			ms := metric.Snapshot()
+			ps := ms.Percentiles([]float64{0.5, 0.75, 0.95, 0.99, 0.999, 0.9999})
+
+			measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.timer", namespace, name)
+			fields := map[string]interface{}{
+				"count":    ms.Count(),
+				"max":      ms.Max(),
+				"mean":     ms.Mean(),
+				"min":      ms.Min(),
+				"stddev":   ms.StdDev(),
+				"variance": ms.Variance(),
+				"p50":      ps[0],
+				"p75":      ps[1],
+				"p95":      ps[2],
+				"p99":      ps[3],
+				"p999":     ps[4],
+				"p9999":    ps[5],
+				"m1":       ms.Rate1(),
+				"m5":       ms.Rate5(),
+				"m15":      ms.Rate15(),
+				"meanrate": ms.RateMean(),
+			}
+
+			pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+			r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+
+		case metrics.ResettingTimer:
+			t := metric.Snapshot()
+
+			if len(t.Values()) > 0 {
+				ps := t.Percentiles([]float64{50, 95, 99})
+				val := t.Values()
+
+				measurement := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s.span", namespace, name)
+				fields := map[string]interface{}{
+					"count": len(val),
+					"max":   val[len(val)-1],
+					"mean":  t.Mean(),
+					"min":   val[0],
+					"p50":   ps[0],
+					"p95":   ps[1],
+					"p99":   ps[2],
+				}
+
+				pt := influxdb2.NewPoint(measurement, r.tags, fields, now)
+				r.write.WritePoint(pt)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Force all unwritten data to be sent
+	r.write.Flush()
+}
diff --git a/params/bootnodes.go b/params/bootnodes.go
index 1610ea819..bc291449e 100644
--- a/params/bootnodes.go
+++ b/params/bootnodes.go
@@ -67,12 +67,6 @@ var GoerliBootnodes = []string{
 	"enode://a59e33ccd2b3e52d578f1fbd70c6f9babda2650f0760d6ff3b37742fdcdfdb3defba5d56d315b40c46b70198c7621e63ffa3f987389c7118634b0fefbbdfa7fd@51.15.119.157:40303",
 }
 
-// CalaverasBootnodes are the enode URLs of the P2P bootstrap nodes running on the
-// Calaveras ephemeral test network.
-var CalaverasBootnodes = []string{
-	"enode://9e1096aa59862a6f164994cb5cb16f5124d6c992cdbf4535ff7dea43ea1512afe5448dca9df1b7ab0726129603f1a3336b631e4d7a1a44c94daddd03241587f9@3.9.20.133:30303",
-}
-
 var V5Bootnodes = []string{
 	// Teku team's bootnode
 	"enr:-KG4QOtcP9X1FbIMOe17QNMKqDxCpm14jcX5tiOE4_TyMrFqbmhPZHK_ZPG2Gxb1GE2xdtodOfx9-cgvNtxnRyHEmC0ghGV0aDKQ9aX9QgAAAAD__________4JpZIJ2NIJpcIQDE8KdiXNlY3AyNTZrMaEDhpehBDbZjM_L9ek699Y7vhUJ-eAdMyQW_Fil522Y0fODdGNwgiMog3VkcIIjKA",
diff --git a/params/config.go b/params/config.go
index 591c36de2..16c801825 100644
--- a/params/config.go
+++ b/params/config.go
@@ -27,11 +27,10 @@ import (
 
 // Genesis hashes to enforce below configs on.
 var (
-	MainnetGenesisHash   = common.HexToHash("0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3")
-	RopstenGenesisHash   = common.HexToHash("0x41941023680923e0fe4d74a34bdac8141f2540e3ae90623718e47d66d1ca4a2d")
-	RinkebyGenesisHash   = common.HexToHash("0x6341fd3daf94b748c72ced5a5b26028f2474f5f00d824504e4fa37a75767e177")
-	GoerliGenesisHash    = common.HexToHash("0xbf7e331f7f7c1dd2e05159666b3bf8bc7a8a3a9eb1d518969eab529dd9b88c1a")
-	CalaverasGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xeb9233d066c275efcdfed8037f4fc082770176aefdbcb7691c71da412a5670f2")
+	MainnetGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0xd4e56740f876aef8c010b86a40d5f56745a118d0906a34e69aec8c0db1cb8fa3")
+	RopstenGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0x41941023680923e0fe4d74a34bdac8141f2540e3ae90623718e47d66d1ca4a2d")
+	RinkebyGenesisHash = common.HexToHash("0x6341fd3daf94b748c72ced5a5b26028f2474f5f00d824504e4fa37a75767e177")
+	GoerliGenesisHash  = common.HexToHash("0xbf7e331f7f7c1dd2e05159666b3bf8bc7a8a3a9eb1d518969eab529dd9b88c1a")
 )
 
 // TrustedCheckpoints associates each known checkpoint with the genesis hash of
@@ -221,27 +220,6 @@ var (
 		Threshold: 2,
 	}
 
-	CalaverasChainConfig = &ChainConfig{
-		ChainID:             big.NewInt(123),
-		HomesteadBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
-		DAOForkBlock:        nil,
-		DAOForkSupport:      true,
-		EIP150Block:         big.NewInt(0),
-		EIP155Block:         big.NewInt(0),
-		EIP158Block:         big.NewInt(0),
-		ByzantiumBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
-		ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(0),
-		PetersburgBlock:     big.NewInt(0),
-		IstanbulBlock:       big.NewInt(0),
-		MuirGlacierBlock:    nil,
-		BerlinBlock:         big.NewInt(0),
-		LondonBlock:         big.NewInt(500),
-		Clique: &CliqueConfig{
-			Period: 30,
-			Epoch:  30000,
-		},
-	}
-
 	// AllEthashProtocolChanges contains every protocol change (EIPs) introduced
 	// and accepted by the Ethereum core developers into the Ethash consensus.
 	//
diff --git a/params/version.go b/params/version.go
index 2d3155d35..8d222ac04 100644
--- a/params/version.go
+++ b/params/version.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	VersionMajor = 1        // Major version component of the current release
 	VersionMinor = 10       // Minor version component of the current release
-	VersionPatch = 7        // Patch version component of the current release
+	VersionPatch = 8        // Patch version component of the current release
 	VersionMeta  = "stable" // Version metadata to append to the version string
 )
 
diff --git a/signer/core/apitypes/types.go b/signer/core/apitypes/types.go
index 591d253ab..625959219 100644
--- a/signer/core/apitypes/types.go
+++ b/signer/core/apitypes/types.go
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ package apitypes
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
 )
 
 type ValidationInfo struct {
@@ -97,23 +97,60 @@ func (args SendTxArgs) String() string {
 	return err.Error()
 }
 
+// ToTransaction converts the arguments to a transaction.
 func (args *SendTxArgs) ToTransaction() *types.Transaction {
-	txArgs := ethapi.TransactionArgs{
-		Gas:                  &args.Gas,
-		GasPrice:             args.GasPrice,
-		MaxFeePerGas:         args.MaxFeePerGas,
-		MaxPriorityFeePerGas: args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas,
-		Value:                &args.Value,
-		Nonce:                &args.Nonce,
-		Data:                 args.Data,
-		Input:                args.Input,
-		AccessList:           args.AccessList,
-		ChainID:              args.ChainID,
-	}
 	// Add the To-field, if specified
+	var to *common.Address
 	if args.To != nil {
-		to := args.To.Address()
-		txArgs.To = &to
+		dstAddr := args.To.Address()
+		to = &dstAddr
 	}
-	return txArgs.ToTransaction()
+
+	var input []byte
+	if args.Input != nil {
+		input = *args.Input
+	} else if args.Data != nil {
+		input = *args.Data
+	}
+
+	var data types.TxData
+	switch {
+	case args.MaxFeePerGas != nil:
+		al := types.AccessList{}
+		if args.AccessList != nil {
+			al = *args.AccessList
+		}
+		data = &types.DynamicFeeTx{
+			To:         to,
+			ChainID:    (*big.Int)(args.ChainID),
+			Nonce:      uint64(args.Nonce),
+			Gas:        uint64(args.Gas),
+			GasFeeCap:  (*big.Int)(args.MaxFeePerGas),
+			GasTipCap:  (*big.Int)(args.MaxPriorityFeePerGas),
+			Value:      (*big.Int)(&args.Value),
+			Data:       input,
+			AccessList: al,
+		}
+	case args.AccessList != nil:
+		data = &types.AccessListTx{
+			To:         to,
+			ChainID:    (*big.Int)(args.ChainID),
+			Nonce:      uint64(args.Nonce),
+			Gas:        uint64(args.Gas),
+			GasPrice:   (*big.Int)(args.GasPrice),
+			Value:      (*big.Int)(&args.Value),
+			Data:       input,
+			AccessList: *args.AccessList,
+		}
+	default:
+		data = &types.LegacyTx{
+			To:       to,
+			Nonce:    uint64(args.Nonce),
+			Gas:      uint64(args.Gas),
+			GasPrice: (*big.Int)(args.GasPrice),
+			Value:    (*big.Int)(&args.Value),
+			Data:     input,
+		}
+	}
+	return types.NewTx(data)
 }
diff --git a/tests/gen_vmexec.go b/tests/gen_vmexec.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fe155152..000000000
--- a/tests/gen_vmexec.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by github.com/fjl/gencodec. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package tests
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
-)
-
-var _ = (*vmExecMarshaling)(nil)
-
-// MarshalJSON marshals as JSON.
-func (v vmExec) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	type vmExec struct {
-		Address  common.UnprefixedAddress `json:"address"  gencodec:"required"`
-		Caller   common.UnprefixedAddress `json:"caller"   gencodec:"required"`
-		Origin   common.UnprefixedAddress `json:"origin"   gencodec:"required"`
-		Code     hexutil.Bytes            `json:"code"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Data     hexutil.Bytes            `json:"data"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Value    *math.HexOrDecimal256    `json:"value"    gencodec:"required"`
-		GasLimit math.HexOrDecimal64      `json:"gas"      gencodec:"required"`
-		GasPrice *math.HexOrDecimal256    `json:"gasPrice" gencodec:"required"`
-	}
-	var enc vmExec
-	enc.Address = common.UnprefixedAddress(v.Address)
-	enc.Caller = common.UnprefixedAddress(v.Caller)
-	enc.Origin = common.UnprefixedAddress(v.Origin)
-	enc.Code = v.Code
-	enc.Data = v.Data
-	enc.Value = (*math.HexOrDecimal256)(v.Value)
-	enc.GasLimit = math.HexOrDecimal64(v.GasLimit)
-	enc.GasPrice = (*math.HexOrDecimal256)(v.GasPrice)
-	return json.Marshal(&enc)
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON unmarshals from JSON.
-func (v *vmExec) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
-	type vmExec struct {
-		Address  *common.UnprefixedAddress `json:"address"  gencodec:"required"`
-		Caller   *common.UnprefixedAddress `json:"caller"   gencodec:"required"`
-		Origin   *common.UnprefixedAddress `json:"origin"   gencodec:"required"`
-		Code     *hexutil.Bytes            `json:"code"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Data     *hexutil.Bytes            `json:"data"     gencodec:"required"`
-		Value    *math.HexOrDecimal256     `json:"value"    gencodec:"required"`
-		GasLimit *math.HexOrDecimal64      `json:"gas"      gencodec:"required"`
-		GasPrice *math.HexOrDecimal256     `json:"gasPrice" gencodec:"required"`
-	}
-	var dec vmExec
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(input, &dec); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if dec.Address == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'address' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.Address = common.Address(*dec.Address)
-	if dec.Caller == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'caller' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.Caller = common.Address(*dec.Caller)
-	if dec.Origin == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'origin' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.Origin = common.Address(*dec.Origin)
-	if dec.Code == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'code' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.Code = *dec.Code
-	if dec.Data == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'data' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.Data = *dec.Data
-	if dec.Value == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'value' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.Value = (*big.Int)(dec.Value)
-	if dec.GasLimit == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'gas' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.GasLimit = uint64(*dec.GasLimit)
-	if dec.GasPrice == nil {
-		return errors.New("missing required field 'gasPrice' for vmExec")
-	}
-	v.GasPrice = (*big.Int)(dec.GasPrice)
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/tests/init_test.go b/tests/init_test.go
index 969cf7139..312ad8869 100644
--- a/tests/init_test.go
+++ b/tests/init_test.go
@@ -34,12 +34,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	baseDir      = filepath.Join(".", "testdata")
-	blockTestDir = filepath.Join(baseDir, "BlockchainTests")
-	stateTestDir = filepath.Join(baseDir, "GeneralStateTests")
-	//legacyStateTestDir = filepath.Join(baseDir, "LegacyTests", "Constantinople", "GeneralStateTests")
+	baseDir            = filepath.Join(".", "testdata")
+	blockTestDir       = filepath.Join(baseDir, "BlockchainTests")
+	stateTestDir       = filepath.Join(baseDir, "GeneralStateTests")
+	legacyStateTestDir = filepath.Join(baseDir, "LegacyTests", "Constantinople", "GeneralStateTests")
 	transactionTestDir = filepath.Join(baseDir, "TransactionTests")
-	vmTestDir          = filepath.Join(baseDir, "VMTests")
 	rlpTestDir         = filepath.Join(baseDir, "RLPTests")
 	difficultyTestDir  = filepath.Join(baseDir, "BasicTests")
 )
diff --git a/tests/state_test.go b/tests/state_test.go
index 242e9712a..c2ca0e8d6 100644
--- a/tests/state_test.go
+++ b/tests/state_test.go
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ func TestState(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Uses 1GB RAM per tested fork
 	st.skipLoad(`^stStaticCall/static_Call1MB`)
-	// Un-skip this when https://github.com/ethereum/tests/issues/908 is closed
-	st.skipLoad(`^stQuadraticComplexityTest/QuadraticComplexitySolidity_CallDataCopy`)
+
 	// Broken tests:
 	// Expected failures:
 	//st.fails(`^stRevertTest/RevertPrecompiledTouch(_storage)?\.json/Byzantium/0`, "bug in test")
@@ -59,9 +58,7 @@ func TestState(t *testing.T) {
 	// For Istanbul, older tests were moved into LegacyTests
 	for _, dir := range []string{
 		stateTestDir,
-		// legacy state tests are disabled, due to them not being
-		// regenerated for the no-sender-eoa change.
-		//legacyStateTestDir,
+		legacyStateTestDir,
 	} {
 		st.walk(t, dir, func(t *testing.T, name string, test *StateTest) {
 			for _, subtest := range test.Subtests() {
diff --git a/tests/state_test_util.go b/tests/state_test_util.go
index 4f57fee89..f7fb08bfb 100644
--- a/tests/state_test_util.go
+++ b/tests/state_test_util.go
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ func (tx *stTransaction) toMessage(ps stPostState, baseFee *big.Int) (core.Messa
 	}
 
 	msg := types.NewMessage(from, to, tx.Nonce, value, gasLimit, gasPrice,
-		tx.MaxFeePerGas, tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas, data, accessList, true)
+		tx.MaxFeePerGas, tx.MaxPriorityFeePerGas, data, accessList, false)
 	return msg, nil
 }
 
@@ -358,3 +358,7 @@ func rlpHash(x interface{}) (h common.Hash) {
 	hw.Sum(h[:0])
 	return h
 }
+
+func vmTestBlockHash(n uint64) common.Hash {
+	return common.BytesToHash(crypto.Keccak256([]byte(big.NewInt(int64(n)).String())))
+}
diff --git a/tests/testdata b/tests/testdata
index 5d534e37b..6b85703b5 160000
--- a/tests/testdata
+++ b/tests/testdata
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 5d534e37b80e9310e8c7751f805ca481a451123e
+Subproject commit 6b85703b568f4456582a00665d8a3e5c3b20b484
diff --git a/tests/vm_test.go b/tests/vm_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2150df9e2..000000000
--- a/tests/vm_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package tests
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-)
-
-func TestVM(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	vmt := new(testMatcher)
-	vmt.slow("^vmPerformance")
-	vmt.fails("^vmSystemOperationsTest.json/createNameRegistrator$", "fails without parallel execution")
-
-	vmt.walk(t, vmTestDir, func(t *testing.T, name string, test *VMTest) {
-		withTrace(t, test.json.Exec.GasLimit, func(vmconfig vm.Config) error {
-			return vmt.checkFailure(t, test.Run(vmconfig, false))
-		})
-		withTrace(t, test.json.Exec.GasLimit, func(vmconfig vm.Config) error {
-			return vmt.checkFailure(t, test.Run(vmconfig, true))
-		})
-	})
-}
diff --git a/tests/vm_test_util.go b/tests/vm_test_util.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 418cc6716..000000000
--- a/tests/vm_test_util.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-// (at your option) any later version.
-//
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-//
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-package tests
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-)
-
-// VMTest checks EVM execution without block or transaction context.
-// See https://github.com/ethereum/tests/wiki/VM-Tests for the test format specification.
-type VMTest struct {
-	json vmJSON
-}
-
-func (t *VMTest) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	return json.Unmarshal(data, &t.json)
-}
-
-type vmJSON struct {
-	Env           stEnv                 `json:"env"`
-	Exec          vmExec                `json:"exec"`
-	Logs          common.UnprefixedHash `json:"logs"`
-	GasRemaining  *math.HexOrDecimal64  `json:"gas"`
-	Out           hexutil.Bytes         `json:"out"`
-	Pre           core.GenesisAlloc     `json:"pre"`
-	Post          core.GenesisAlloc     `json:"post"`
-	PostStateRoot common.Hash           `json:"postStateRoot"`
-}
-
-//go:generate gencodec -type vmExec -field-override vmExecMarshaling -out gen_vmexec.go
-
-type vmExec struct {
-	Address  common.Address `json:"address"  gencodec:"required"`
-	Caller   common.Address `json:"caller"   gencodec:"required"`
-	Origin   common.Address `json:"origin"   gencodec:"required"`
-	Code     []byte         `json:"code"     gencodec:"required"`
-	Data     []byte         `json:"data"     gencodec:"required"`
-	Value    *big.Int       `json:"value"    gencodec:"required"`
-	GasLimit uint64         `json:"gas"      gencodec:"required"`
-	GasPrice *big.Int       `json:"gasPrice" gencodec:"required"`
-}
-
-type vmExecMarshaling struct {
-	Address  common.UnprefixedAddress
-	Caller   common.UnprefixedAddress
-	Origin   common.UnprefixedAddress
-	Code     hexutil.Bytes
-	Data     hexutil.Bytes
-	Value    *math.HexOrDecimal256
-	GasLimit math.HexOrDecimal64
-	GasPrice *math.HexOrDecimal256
-}
-
-func (t *VMTest) Run(vmconfig vm.Config, snapshotter bool) error {
-	snaps, statedb := MakePreState(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), t.json.Pre, snapshotter)
-	if snapshotter {
-		preRoot := statedb.IntermediateRoot(false)
-		defer func() {
-			if _, err := snaps.Journal(preRoot); err != nil {
-				panic(err)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-	ret, gasRemaining, err := t.exec(statedb, vmconfig)
-
-	if t.json.GasRemaining == nil {
-		if err == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("gas unspecified (indicating an error), but VM returned no error")
-		}
-		if gasRemaining > 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("gas unspecified (indicating an error), but VM returned gas remaining > 0")
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	// Test declares gas, expecting outputs to match.
-	if !bytes.Equal(ret, t.json.Out) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("return data mismatch: got %x, want %x", ret, t.json.Out)
-	}
-	if gasRemaining != uint64(*t.json.GasRemaining) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remaining gas %v, want %v", gasRemaining, *t.json.GasRemaining)
-	}
-	for addr, account := range t.json.Post {
-		for k, wantV := range account.Storage {
-			if haveV := statedb.GetState(addr, k); haveV != wantV {
-				return fmt.Errorf("wrong storage value at %x:\n  got  %x\n  want %x", k, haveV, wantV)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	// if root := statedb.IntermediateRoot(false); root != t.json.PostStateRoot {
-	// 	return fmt.Errorf("post state root mismatch, got %x, want %x", root, t.json.PostStateRoot)
-	// }
-	if logs := rlpHash(statedb.Logs()); logs != common.Hash(t.json.Logs) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("post state logs hash mismatch: got %x, want %x", logs, t.json.Logs)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *VMTest) exec(statedb *state.StateDB, vmconfig vm.Config) ([]byte, uint64, error) {
-	evm := t.newEVM(statedb, vmconfig)
-	e := t.json.Exec
-	return evm.Call(vm.AccountRef(e.Caller), e.Address, e.Data, e.GasLimit, e.Value)
-}
-
-func (t *VMTest) newEVM(statedb *state.StateDB, vmconfig vm.Config) *vm.EVM {
-	initialCall := true
-	canTransfer := func(db vm.StateDB, address common.Address, amount *big.Int) bool {
-		if initialCall {
-			initialCall = false
-			return true
-		}
-		return core.CanTransfer(db, address, amount)
-	}
-	transfer := func(db vm.StateDB, sender, recipient common.Address, amount *big.Int) {}
-	txContext := vm.TxContext{
-		Origin:   t.json.Exec.Origin,
-		GasPrice: t.json.Exec.GasPrice,
-	}
-	context := vm.BlockContext{
-		CanTransfer: canTransfer,
-		Transfer:    transfer,
-		GetHash:     vmTestBlockHash,
-		Coinbase:    t.json.Env.Coinbase,
-		BlockNumber: new(big.Int).SetUint64(t.json.Env.Number),
-		Time:        new(big.Int).SetUint64(t.json.Env.Timestamp),
-		GasLimit:    t.json.Env.GasLimit,
-		Difficulty:  t.json.Env.Difficulty,
-	}
-	vmconfig.NoRecursion = true
-	return vm.NewEVM(context, txContext, statedb, params.MainnetChainConfig, vmconfig)
-}
-
-func vmTestBlockHash(n uint64) common.Hash {
-	return common.BytesToHash(crypto.Keccak256([]byte(big.NewInt(int64(n)).String())))
-}