core/vm: implement EIP-5656, mcopy instruction (#26181)

Implements [EIP 5656](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656), MCOPY instruction, and enables it for Cancun. 

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
+	5656: enable5656,
 	3855: enable3855,
 	3860: enable3860,
 	3529: enable3529,
@@ -242,6 +243,32 @@ func enable3860(jt *JumpTable) {
 	jt[CREATE2].dynamicGas = gasCreate2Eip3860
 }
 
+// enable5656 enables EIP-5656 (MCOPY opcode)
+// https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656
+func enable5656(jt *JumpTable) {
+	jt[MCOPY] = &operation{
+		execute:     opMcopy,
+		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
+		dynamicGas:  gasMcopy,
+		minStack:    minStack(3, 0),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(3, 0),
+		memorySize:  memoryMcopy,
+	}
+}
+
+// opMcopy implements the MCOPY opcode (https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656)
+func opMcopy(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	var (
+		dst    = scope.Stack.pop()
+		src    = scope.Stack.pop()
+		length = scope.Stack.pop()
+	)
+	// These values are checked for overflow during memory expansion calculation
+	// (the memorySize function on the opcode).
+	scope.Memory.Copy(dst.Uint64(), src.Uint64(), length.Uint64())
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 // opBlobHash implements the BLOBHASH opcode
 func opBlobHash(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	index := scope.Stack.peek()

core/vm/gas_table.go

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ func memoryGasCost(mem *Memory, newMemSize uint64) (uint64, error) {
 // as argument:
 // CALLDATACOPY (stack position 2)
 // CODECOPY (stack position 2)
+// MCOPY (stack position 2)
 // EXTCODECOPY (stack position 3)
 // RETURNDATACOPY (stack position 2)
 func memoryCopierGas(stackpos int) gasFunc {
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ func memoryCopierGas(stackpos int) gasFunc {
 var (
 	gasCallDataCopy   = memoryCopierGas(2)
 	gasCodeCopy       = memoryCopierGas(2)
+	gasMcopy          = memoryCopierGas(2)
 	gasExtCodeCopy    = memoryCopierGas(3)
 	gasReturnDataCopy = memoryCopierGas(2)
 )

core/vm/instructions_test.go

@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
@@ -788,3 +790,141 @@ func TestBlobHash(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestOpMCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test cases from https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656#test-cases
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		dst, src, len string
+		pre           string
+		want          string
+		wantGas       uint64
+	}{
+		{ // MCOPY 0 32 32 - copy 32 bytes from offset 32 to offset 0.
+			dst: "0x0", src: "0x20", len: "0x20",
+			pre:     "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f",
+			want:    "000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f",
+			wantGas: 6,
+		},
+
+		{ // MCOPY 0 0 32 - copy 32 bytes from offset 0 to offset 0.
+			dst: "0x0", src: "0x0", len: "0x20",
+			pre:     "0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101",
+			want:    "0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101",
+			wantGas: 6,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 0 1 8 - copy 8 bytes from offset 1 to offset 0 (overlapping).
+			dst: "0x0", src: "0x1", len: "0x8",
+			pre:     "000102030405060708 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			want:    "010203040506070808 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			wantGas: 6,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 1 0 8 - copy 8 bytes from offset 0 to offset 1 (overlapping).
+			dst: "0x1", src: "0x0", len: "0x8",
+			pre:     "000102030405060708 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			want:    "000001020304050607 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			wantGas: 6,
+		},
+		// Tests below are not in the EIP, but maybe should be added
+		{ // MCOPY 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 - copy zero bytes from out-of-bounds index(overlapping).
+			dst: "0xFFFFFFFFFFFF", src: "0xFFFFFFFFFFFF", len: "0x0",
+			pre:     "11",
+			want:    "11",
+			wantGas: 3,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 0 - copy zero bytes from start of mem to out-of-bounds.
+			dst: "0xFFFFFFFFFFFF", src: "0x0", len: "0x0",
+			pre:     "11",
+			want:    "11",
+			wantGas: 3,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 0 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 - copy zero bytes from out-of-bounds to start of mem
+			dst: "0x0", src: "0xFFFFFFFFFFFF", len: "0x0",
+			pre:     "11",
+			want:    "11",
+			wantGas: 3,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY - copy 1 from space outside of uint64  space
+			dst: "0x0", src: "0x10000000000000000", len: "0x1",
+			pre: "0",
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY - copy 1 from 0 to space outside of uint64
+			dst: "0x10000000000000000", src: "0x0", len: "0x1",
+			pre: "0",
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY - copy nothing from 0 to space outside of uint64
+			dst: "0x10000000000000000", src: "0x0", len: "0x0",
+			pre:     "",
+			want:    "",
+			wantGas: 3,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY - copy 1 from 0x20 to 0x10, with no prior allocated mem
+			dst: "0x10", src: "0x20", len: "0x1",
+			pre: "",
+			// 64 bytes
+			want:    "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			wantGas: 12,
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY - copy 1 from 0x19 to 0x10, with no prior allocated mem
+			dst: "0x10", src: "0x19", len: "0x1",
+			pre: "",
+			// 32 bytes
+			want:    "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			wantGas: 9,
+		},
+	} {
+		var (
+			env            = NewEVM(BlockContext{}, TxContext{}, nil, params.TestChainConfig, Config{})
+			stack          = newstack()
+			pc             = uint64(0)
+			evmInterpreter = env.interpreter
+		)
+		data := common.FromHex(strings.ReplaceAll(tc.pre, " ", ""))
+		// Set pre
+		mem := NewMemory()
+		mem.Resize(uint64(len(data)))
+		mem.Set(0, uint64(len(data)), data)
+		// Push stack args
+		len, _ := uint256.FromHex(tc.len)
+		src, _ := uint256.FromHex(tc.src)
+		dst, _ := uint256.FromHex(tc.dst)
+
+		stack.push(len)
+		stack.push(src)
+		stack.push(dst)
+		wantErr := (tc.wantGas == 0)
+		// Calc mem expansion
+		var memorySize uint64
+		if memSize, overflow := memoryMcopy(stack); overflow {
+			if wantErr {
+				continue
+			}
+			t.Errorf("overflow")
+		} else {
+			var overflow bool
+			if memorySize, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(memSize), 32); overflow {
+				t.Error(ErrGasUintOverflow)
+			}
+		}
+		// and the dynamic cost
+		var haveGas uint64
+		if dynamicCost, err := gasMcopy(env, nil, stack, mem, memorySize); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else {
+			haveGas = GasFastestStep + dynamicCost
+		}
+		// Expand mem
+		if memorySize > 0 {
+			mem.Resize(memorySize)
+		}
+		// Do the copy
+		opMcopy(&pc, evmInterpreter, &ScopeContext{mem, stack, nil})
+		want := common.FromHex(strings.ReplaceAll(tc.want, " ", ""))
+		if have := mem.store; !bytes.Equal(want, have) {
+			t.Errorf("case %d: \nwant: %#x\nhave: %#x\n", i, want, have)
+		}
+		wantGas := tc.wantGas
+		if haveGas != wantGas {
+			t.Errorf("case %d: gas wrong, want %d have %d\n", i, wantGas, haveGas)
+		}
+	}
+}

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ func validate(jt JumpTable) JumpTable {
 
 func newCancunInstructionSet() JumpTable {
 	instructionSet := newShanghaiInstructionSet()
-	enable4844(&instructionSet) // BLOBHASH opcode
+	enable4844(&instructionSet) // EIP-4844 (DATAHASH opcode)
 	enable1153(&instructionSet) // EIP-1153 "Transient Storage"
+	enable5656(&instructionSet) // EIP-5656 (MCOPY opcode)
 	return validate(instructionSet)
 }
 

core/vm/memory.go

@@ -103,3 +103,14 @@ func (m *Memory) Len() int {
 func (m *Memory) Data() []byte {
 	return m.store
 }
+
+// Copy copies data from the src position slice into the dst position.
+// The source and destination may overlap.
+// OBS: This operation assumes that any necessary memory expansion has already been performed,
+// and this method may panic otherwise.
+func (m *Memory) Copy(dst, src, len uint64) {
+	if len == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	copy(m.store[dst:], m.store[src:src+len])
+}

core/vm/memory_table.go

@@ -48,6 +48,14 @@ func memoryMStore(stack *Stack) (uint64, bool) {
 	return calcMemSize64WithUint(stack.Back(0), 32)
 }
 
+func memoryMcopy(stack *Stack) (uint64, bool) {
+	mStart := stack.Back(0) // stack[0]: dest
+	if stack.Back(1).Gt(mStart) {
+		mStart = stack.Back(1) // stack[1]: source
+	}
+	return calcMemSize64(mStart, stack.Back(2)) // stack[2]: length
+}
+
 func memoryCreate(stack *Stack) (uint64, bool) {
 	return calcMemSize64(stack.Back(1), stack.Back(2))
 }

core/vm/memory_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package vm
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+func TestMemoryCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test cases from https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-5656#test-cases
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		dst, src, len uint64
+		pre           string
+		want          string
+	}{
+		{ // MCOPY 0 32 32 - copy 32 bytes from offset 32 to offset 0.
+			0, 32, 32,
+			"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f",
+			"000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f",
+		},
+
+		{ // MCOPY 0 0 32 - copy 32 bytes from offset 0 to offset 0.
+			0, 0, 32,
+			"0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101",
+			"0101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101",
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 0 1 8 - copy 8 bytes from offset 1 to offset 0 (overlapping).
+			0, 1, 8,
+			"000102030405060708 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"010203040506070808 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 1 0 8 - copy 8 bytes from offset 0 to offset 1 (overlapping).
+			1, 0, 8,
+			"000102030405060708 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+			"000001020304050607 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+		},
+		// Tests below are not in the EIP, but maybe should be added
+		{ // MCOPY 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 - copy zero bytes from out-of-bounds index(overlapping).
+			0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, 0,
+			"11",
+			"11",
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 0 - copy zero bytes from start of mem to out-of-bounds.
+			0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, 0, 0,
+			"11",
+			"11",
+		},
+		{ // MCOPY 0 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF 0 - copy zero bytes from out-of-bounds to start of mem
+			0, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF, 0,
+			"11",
+			"11",
+		},
+	} {
+		m := NewMemory()
+		// Clean spaces
+		data := common.FromHex(strings.ReplaceAll(tc.pre, " ", ""))
+		// Set pre
+		m.Resize(uint64(len(data)))
+		m.Set(0, uint64(len(data)), data)
+		// Do the copy
+		m.Copy(tc.dst, tc.src, tc.len)
+		want := common.FromHex(strings.ReplaceAll(tc.want, " ", ""))
+		if have := m.store; !bytes.Equal(want, have) {
+			t.Errorf("case %d: want: %#x\nhave: %#x\n", i, want, have)
+		}
+	}
+}

core/vm/opcodes.go

@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ const (
 	JUMPDEST OpCode = 0x5b
 	TLOAD    OpCode = 0x5c
 	TSTORE   OpCode = 0x5d
+	MCOPY    OpCode = 0x5e
 	PUSH0    OpCode = 0x5f
 )
 
@@ -302,6 +303,7 @@ var opCodeToString = map[OpCode]string{
 	JUMPDEST: "JUMPDEST",
 	TLOAD:    "TLOAD",
 	TSTORE:   "TSTORE",
+	MCOPY:    "MCOPY",
 	PUSH0:    "PUSH0",
 
 	// 0x60 range - pushes.
@@ -473,6 +475,7 @@ var stringToOp = map[string]OpCode{
 	"JUMPDEST":       JUMPDEST,
 	"TLOAD":          TLOAD,
 	"TSTORE":         TSTORE,
+	"MCOPY":          MCOPY,
 	"PUSH0":          PUSH0,
 	"PUSH1":          PUSH1,
 	"PUSH2":          PUSH2,