all: release go-ethereum v1.13.12 (#28961)

all: release go-ethereum v1.13.12

Makefile

@@ -8,20 +8,25 @@ GOBIN = ./build/bin
 GO ?= latest
 GORUN = go run
 
+#? geth: Build geth
 geth:
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go install ./cmd/geth
 	@echo "Done building."
 	@echo "Run \"$(GOBIN)/geth\" to launch geth."
 
+#? all: Build all packages and executables
 all:
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go install
 
+#? test: Run the tests
 test: all
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go test
 
+#? lint: Run certain pre-selected linters
 lint: ## Run linters.
 	$(GORUN) build/ci.go lint
 
+#? clean: Clean go cache, built executables, and the auto generated folder
 clean:
 	go clean -cache
 	rm -fr build/_workspace/pkg/ $(GOBIN)/*
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@ clean:
 # The devtools target installs tools required for 'go generate'.
 # You need to put $GOBIN (or $GOPATH/bin) in your PATH to use 'go generate'.
 
+#? devtools: Install recommended developer tools
 devtools:
 	env GOBIN= go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer@latest
 	env GOBIN= go install github.com/fjl/gencodec@latest
@@ -36,3 +42,9 @@ devtools:
 	env GOBIN= go install ./cmd/abigen
 	@type "solc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install solc'
 	@type "protoc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install protoc'
+
+#? help: Get more info on make commands.
+help: Makefile
+	@echo " Choose a command run in go-ethereum:"
+	@sed -n 's/^#?//p' $< | column -t -s ':' |  sort | sed -e 's/^/ /'
+.PHONY: help

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Golang execution layer implementation of the Ethereum protocol.
 https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum
 )](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum?tab=doc)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
-[![Travis](https://travis-ci.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
+[![Travis](https://app.travis-ci.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.svg?branch=master)](https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ethereum/go-ethereum)
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/badge/discord-join%20chat-blue.svg)](https://discord.gg/nthXNEv)
 
 Automated builds are available for stable releases and the unstable master branch. Binary

accounts/abi/abi.go

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // The ABI holds information about a contract's context and available
-// invokable methods. It will allow you to type check function calls and
+// invocable methods. It will allow you to type check function calls and
 // packs data accordingly.
 type ABI struct {
 	Constructor Method

accounts/abi/bind/util_test.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func TestWaitDeployed(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Create the transaction
 		head, _ := backend.Client().HeaderByNumber(context.Background(), nil) // Should be child's, good enough
-		gasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, big.NewInt(1))
+		gasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, big.NewInt(params.GWei))
 
 		tx := types.NewContractCreation(0, big.NewInt(0), test.gas, gasPrice, common.FromHex(test.code))
 		tx, _ = types.SignTx(tx, types.LatestSignerForChainID(big.NewInt(1337)), testKey)

accounts/scwallet/hub.go

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {
 			card.Disconnect(pcsc.LeaveCard)
 			continue
 		}
-		// Card connected, start tracking in amongs the wallets
+		// Card connected, start tracking among the wallets
 		hub.wallets[reader] = wallet
 		events = append(events, accounts.WalletEvent{Wallet: wallet, Kind: accounts.WalletArrived})
 	}

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/conn.go

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (c *Conn) ReadEth() (any, error) {
 		case eth.TransactionsMsg:
 			msg = new(eth.TransactionsPacket)
 		case eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg:
-			msg = new(eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68)
+			msg = new(eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket)
 		case eth.GetPooledTransactionsMsg:
 			msg = new(eth.GetPooledTransactionsPacket)
 		case eth.PooledTransactionsMsg:

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/suite.go

@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestNewPooledTxs(t *utesting.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Send announcement.
-	ann := eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68{Types: txTypes, Sizes: sizes, Hashes: hashes}
+	ann := eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket{Types: txTypes, Sizes: sizes, Hashes: hashes}
 	err = conn.Write(ethProto, eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg, ann)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to write to connection: %v", err)
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestNewPooledTxs(t *utesting.T) {
 				t.Fatalf("unexpected number of txs requested: wanted %d, got %d", len(hashes), len(msg.GetPooledTransactionsRequest))
 			}
 			return
-		case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68:
+		case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket:
 			continue
 		case *eth.TransactionsPacket:
 			continue
@@ -796,12 +796,12 @@ func (s *Suite) TestBlobViolations(t *utesting.T) {
 		t2 = s.makeBlobTxs(2, 3, 0x2)
 	)
 	for _, test := range []struct {
-		ann  eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68
+		ann  eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket
 		resp eth.PooledTransactionsResponse
 	}{
 		// Invalid tx size.
 		{
-			ann: eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68{
+			ann: eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket{
 				Types:  []byte{types.BlobTxType, types.BlobTxType},
 				Sizes:  []uint32{uint32(t1[0].Size()), uint32(t1[1].Size() + 10)},
 				Hashes: []common.Hash{t1[0].Hash(), t1[1].Hash()},
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestBlobViolations(t *utesting.T) {
 		},
 		// Wrong tx type.
 		{
-			ann: eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68{
+			ann: eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket{
 				Types:  []byte{types.DynamicFeeTxType, types.BlobTxType},
 				Sizes:  []uint32{uint32(t2[0].Size()), uint32(t2[1].Size())},
 				Hashes: []common.Hash{t2[0].Hash(), t2[1].Hash()},

cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest/transaction.go

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func (s *Suite) sendTxs(txs []*types.Transaction) error {
 			for _, tx := range *msg {
 				got[tx.Hash()] = true
 			}
-		case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68:
+		case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket:
 			for _, hash := range msg.Hashes {
 				got[hash] = true
 			}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func (s *Suite) sendInvalidTxs(txs []*types.Transaction) error {
 					return fmt.Errorf("received bad tx: %s", tx.Hash())
 				}
 			}
-		case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68:
+		case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket:
 			for _, hash := range msg.Hashes {
 				if _, ok := invalids[hash]; ok {
 					return fmt.Errorf("received bad tx: %s", hash)

cmd/era/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/ethapi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+)
+
+var app = flags.NewApp("go-ethereum era tool")
+
+var (
+	dirFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "dir",
+		Usage: "directory storing all relevant era1 files",
+		Value: "eras",
+	}
+	networkFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "network",
+		Usage: "network name associated with era1 files",
+		Value: "mainnet",
+	}
+	eraSizeFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:  "size",
+		Usage: "number of blocks per era",
+		Value: era.MaxEra1Size,
+	}
+	txsFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "txs",
+		Usage: "print full transaction values",
+	}
+)
+
+var (
+	blockCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Name:      "block",
+		Usage:     "get block data",
+		ArgsUsage: "<number>",
+		Action:    block,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			txsFlag,
+		},
+	}
+	infoCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Name:      "info",
+		ArgsUsage: "<epoch>",
+		Usage:     "get epoch information",
+		Action:    info,
+	}
+	verifyCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Name:      "verify",
+		ArgsUsage: "<expected>",
+		Usage:     "verifies each era1 against expected accumulator root",
+		Action:    verify,
+	}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	app.Commands = []*cli.Command{
+		blockCommand,
+		infoCommand,
+		verifyCommand,
+	}
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		dirFlag,
+		networkFlag,
+		eraSizeFlag,
+	}
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%v\n", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// block prints the specified block from an era1 store.
+func block(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	num, err := strconv.ParseUint(ctx.Args().First(), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid block number: %w", err)
+	}
+	e, err := open(ctx, num/uint64(ctx.Int(eraSizeFlag.Name)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error opening era1: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer e.Close()
+	// Read block with number.
+	block, err := e.GetBlockByNumber(num)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading block %d: %w", num, err)
+	}
+	// Convert block to JSON and print.
+	val := ethapi.RPCMarshalBlock(block, ctx.Bool(txsFlag.Name), ctx.Bool(txsFlag.Name), params.MainnetChainConfig)
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(val, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error marshaling json: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(string(b))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// info prints some high-level information about the era1 file.
+func info(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	epoch, err := strconv.ParseUint(ctx.Args().First(), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid epoch number: %w", err)
+	}
+	e, err := open(ctx, epoch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer e.Close()
+	acc, err := e.Accumulator()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading accumulator: %w", err)
+	}
+	td, err := e.InitialTD()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading total difficulty: %w", err)
+	}
+	info := struct {
+		Accumulator     common.Hash `json:"accumulator"`
+		TotalDifficulty *big.Int    `json:"totalDifficulty"`
+		StartBlock      uint64      `json:"startBlock"`
+		Count           uint64      `json:"count"`
+	}{
+		acc, td, e.Start(), e.Count(),
+	}
+	b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(info, "", "  ")
+	fmt.Println(string(b))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// open opens an era1 file at a certain epoch.
+func open(ctx *cli.Context, epoch uint64) (*era.Era, error) {
+	var (
+		dir     = ctx.String(dirFlag.Name)
+		network = ctx.String(networkFlag.Name)
+	)
+	entries, err := era.ReadDir(dir, network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading era dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	if epoch >= uint64(len(entries)) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("epoch out-of-bounds: last %d, want %d", len(entries)-1, epoch)
+	}
+	return era.Open(path.Join(dir, entries[epoch]))
+}
+
+// verify checks each era1 file in a directory to ensure it is well-formed and
+// that the accumulator matches the expected value.
+func verify(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if ctx.Args().Len() != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing accumulators file")
+	}
+
+	roots, err := readHashes(ctx.Args().First())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to read expected roots file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var (
+		dir      = ctx.String(dirFlag.Name)
+		network  = ctx.String(networkFlag.Name)
+		start    = time.Now()
+		reported = time.Now()
+	)
+
+	entries, err := era.ReadDir(dir, network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+
+	if len(entries) != len(roots) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("number of era1 files should match the number of accumulator hashes")
+	}
+
+	// Verify each epoch matches the expected root.
+	for i, want := range roots {
+		// Wrap in function so defers don't stack.
+		err := func() error {
+			name := entries[i]
+			e, err := era.Open(path.Join(dir, name))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error opening era1 file %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			defer e.Close()
+			// Read accumulator and check against expected.
+			if got, err := e.Accumulator(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error retrieving accumulator for %s: %w", name, err)
+			} else if got != want {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid root %s: got %s, want %s", name, got, want)
+			}
+			// Recompute accumulator.
+			if err := checkAccumulator(e); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error verify era1 file %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+			// Give the user some feedback that something is happening.
+			if time.Since(reported) >= 8*time.Second {
+				fmt.Printf("Verifying Era1 files \t\t verified=%d,\t elapsed=%s\n", i, common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+				reported = time.Now()
+			}
+			return nil
+		}()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkAccumulator verifies the accumulator matches the data in the Era.
+func checkAccumulator(e *era.Era) error {
+	var (
+		err    error
+		want   common.Hash
+		td     *big.Int
+		tds    = make([]*big.Int, 0)
+		hashes = make([]common.Hash, 0)
+	)
+	if want, err = e.Accumulator(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading accumulator: %w", err)
+	}
+	if td, err = e.InitialTD(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading total difficulty: %w", err)
+	}
+	it, err := era.NewIterator(e)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error making era iterator: %w", err)
+	}
+	// To fully verify an era the following attributes must be checked:
+	//   1) the block index is constructed correctly
+	//   2) the tx root matches the value in the block
+	//   3) the receipts root matches the value in the block
+	//   4) the starting total difficulty value is correct
+	//   5) the accumulator is correct by recomputing it locally, which verifies
+	//      the blocks are all correct (via hash)
+	//
+	// The attributes 1), 2), and 3) are checked for each block. 4) and 5) require
+	// accumulation across the entire set and are verified at the end.
+	for it.Next() {
+		// 1) next() walks the block index, so we're able to implicitly verify it.
+		if it.Error() != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error reading block %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
+		}
+		block, receipts, err := it.BlockAndReceipts()
+		if it.Error() != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error reading block %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
+		}
+		// 2) recompute tx root and verify against header.
+		tr := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions(), trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+		if tr != block.TxHash() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("tx root in block %d mismatch: want %s, got %s", block.NumberU64(), block.TxHash(), tr)
+		}
+		// 3) recompute receipt root and check value against block.
+		rr := types.DeriveSha(receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
+		if rr != block.ReceiptHash() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("receipt root in block %d mismatch: want %s, got %s", block.NumberU64(), block.ReceiptHash(), rr)
+		}
+		hashes = append(hashes, block.Hash())
+		td.Add(td, block.Difficulty())
+		tds = append(tds, new(big.Int).Set(td))
+	}
+	// 4+5) Verify accumulator and total difficulty.
+	got, err := era.ComputeAccumulator(hashes, tds)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error computing accumulator: %w", err)
+	}
+	if got != want {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected accumulator root does not match calculated: got %s, want %s", got, want)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readHashes reads a file of newline-delimited hashes.
+func readHashes(f string) ([]common.Hash, error) {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to open accumulators file")
+	}
+	s := strings.Split(string(b), "\n")
+	// Remove empty last element, if present.
+	if s[len(s)-1] == "" {
+		s = s[:len(s)-1]
+	}
+	// Convert to hashes.
+	r := make([]common.Hash, len(s))
+	for i := range s {
+		r[i] = common.HexToHash(s[i])
+	}
+	return r, nil
+}

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/flags"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
@@ -122,6 +124,33 @@ Optional second and third arguments control the first and
 last block to write. In this mode, the file will be appended
 if already existing. If the file ends with .gz, the output will
 be gzipped.`,
+	}
+	importHistoryCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Action:    importHistory,
+		Name:      "import-history",
+		Usage:     "Import an Era archive",
+		ArgsUsage: "<dir>",
+		Flags: flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{
+			utils.TxLookupLimitFlag,
+		},
+			utils.DatabaseFlags,
+			utils.NetworkFlags,
+		),
+		Description: `
+The import-history command will import blocks and their corresponding receipts
+from Era archives.
+`,
+	}
+	exportHistoryCommand = &cli.Command{
+		Action:    exportHistory,
+		Name:      "export-history",
+		Usage:     "Export blockchain history to Era archives",
+		ArgsUsage: "<dir> <first> <last>",
+		Flags:     flags.Merge(utils.DatabaseFlags),
+		Description: `
+The export-history command will export blocks and their corresponding receipts
+into Era archives. Eras are typically packaged in steps of 8192 blocks.
+`,
 	}
 	importPreimagesCommand = &cli.Command{
 		Action:    importPreimages,
@@ -364,7 +393,97 @@ func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 		err = utils.ExportAppendChain(chain, fp, uint64(first), uint64(last))
 	}
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
+	return nil
+}
 
+func importHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if ctx.Args().Len() != 1 {
+		utils.Fatalf("usage: %s", ctx.Command.ArgsUsage)
+	}
+
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
+	defer stack.Close()
+
+	chain, db := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack, false)
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	var (
+		start   = time.Now()
+		dir     = ctx.Args().Get(0)
+		network string
+	)
+
+	// Determine network.
+	if utils.IsNetworkPreset(ctx) {
+		switch {
+		case ctx.Bool(utils.MainnetFlag.Name):
+			network = "mainnet"
+		case ctx.Bool(utils.SepoliaFlag.Name):
+			network = "sepolia"
+		case ctx.Bool(utils.GoerliFlag.Name):
+			network = "goerli"
+		}
+	} else {
+		// No network flag set, try to determine network based on files
+		// present in directory.
+		var networks []string
+		for _, n := range params.NetworkNames {
+			entries, err := era.ReadDir(dir, n)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error reading %s: %w", dir, err)
+			}
+			if len(entries) > 0 {
+				networks = append(networks, n)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(networks) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no era1 files found in %s", dir)
+		}
+		if len(networks) > 1 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("multiple networks found, use a network flag to specify desired network")
+		}
+		network = networks[0]
+	}
+
+	if err := utils.ImportHistory(chain, db, dir, network); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// exportHistory exports chain history in Era archives at a specified
+// directory.
+func exportHistory(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if ctx.Args().Len() != 3 {
+		utils.Fatalf("usage: %s", ctx.Command.ArgsUsage)
+	}
+
+	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
+	defer stack.Close()
+
+	chain, _ := utils.MakeChain(ctx, stack, true)
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	var (
+		dir         = ctx.Args().Get(0)
+		first, ferr = strconv.ParseInt(ctx.Args().Get(1), 10, 64)
+		last, lerr  = strconv.ParseInt(ctx.Args().Get(2), 10, 64)
+	)
+	if ferr != nil || lerr != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error in parsing parameters: block number not an integer\n")
+	}
+	if first < 0 || last < 0 {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error: block number must be greater than 0\n")
+	}
+	if head := chain.CurrentSnapBlock(); uint64(last) > head.Number.Uint64() {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error: block number %d larger than head block %d\n", uint64(last), head.Number.Uint64())
+	}
+	err := utils.ExportHistory(chain, dir, uint64(first), uint64(last), uint64(era.MaxEra1Size))
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
 	}

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -208,6 +208,8 @@ func init() {
 		initCommand,
 		importCommand,
 		exportCommand,
+		importHistoryCommand,
+		exportHistoryCommand,
 		importPreimagesCommand,
 		removedbCommand,
 		dumpCommand,

cmd/utils/cmd.go

@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ package utils
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
 	"compress/gzip"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"path"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
@@ -39,8 +42,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/ethconfig"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
@@ -228,6 +233,105 @@ func ImportChain(chain *core.BlockChain, fn string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func readList(filename string) ([]string, error) {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return strings.Split(string(b), "\n"), nil
+}
+
+// ImportHistory imports Era1 files containing historical block information,
+// starting from genesis.
+func ImportHistory(chain *core.BlockChain, db ethdb.Database, dir string, network string) error {
+	if chain.CurrentSnapBlock().Number.BitLen() != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("history import only supported when starting from genesis")
+	}
+	entries, err := era.ReadDir(dir, network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error reading %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	checksums, err := readList(path.Join(dir, "checksums.txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to read checksums.txt: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(checksums) != len(entries) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected equal number of checksums and entries, have: %d checksums, %d entries", len(checksums), len(entries))
+	}
+	var (
+		start    = time.Now()
+		reported = time.Now()
+		imported = 0
+		forker   = core.NewForkChoice(chain, nil)
+		h        = sha256.New()
+		buf      = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
+	for i, filename := range entries {
+		err := func() error {
+			f, err := os.Open(path.Join(dir, filename))
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to open era: %w", err)
+			}
+			defer f.Close()
+
+			// Validate checksum.
+			if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to recalculate checksum: %w", err)
+			}
+			if have, want := common.BytesToHash(h.Sum(buf.Bytes()[:])).Hex(), checksums[i]; have != want {
+				return fmt.Errorf("checksum mismatch: have %s, want %s", have, want)
+			}
+			h.Reset()
+			buf.Reset()
+
+			// Import all block data from Era1.
+			e, err := era.From(f)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error opening era: %w", err)
+			}
+			it, err := era.NewIterator(e)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error making era reader: %w", err)
+			}
+			for it.Next() {
+				block, err := it.Block()
+				if err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("error reading block %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
+				}
+				if block.Number().BitLen() == 0 {
+					continue // skip genesis
+				}
+				receipts, err := it.Receipts()
+				if err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("error reading receipts %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
+				}
+				if status, err := chain.HeaderChain().InsertHeaderChain([]*types.Header{block.Header()}, start, forker); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("error inserting header %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
+				} else if status != core.CanonStatTy {
+					return fmt.Errorf("error inserting header %d, not canon: %v", it.Number(), status)
+				}
+				if _, err := chain.InsertReceiptChain([]*types.Block{block}, []types.Receipts{receipts}, 2^64-1); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("error inserting body %d: %w", it.Number(), err)
+				}
+				imported += 1
+
+				// Give the user some feedback that something is happening.
+				if time.Since(reported) >= 8*time.Second {
+					log.Info("Importing Era files", "head", it.Number(), "imported", imported, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+					imported = 0
+					reported = time.Now()
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		}()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func missingBlocks(chain *core.BlockChain, blocks []*types.Block) []*types.Block {
 	head := chain.CurrentBlock()
 	for i, block := range blocks {
@@ -297,6 +401,93 @@ func ExportAppendChain(blockchain *core.BlockChain, fn string, first uint64, las
 	return nil
 }
 
+// ExportHistory exports blockchain history into the specified directory,
+// following the Era format.
+func ExportHistory(bc *core.BlockChain, dir string, first, last, step uint64) error {
+	log.Info("Exporting blockchain history", "dir", dir)
+	if head := bc.CurrentBlock().Number.Uint64(); head < last {
+		log.Warn("Last block beyond head, setting last = head", "head", head, "last", last)
+		last = head
+	}
+	network := "unknown"
+	if name, ok := params.NetworkNames[bc.Config().ChainID.String()]; ok {
+		network = name
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, os.ModePerm); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error creating output directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	var (
+		start     = time.Now()
+		reported  = time.Now()
+		h         = sha256.New()
+		buf       = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+		checksums []string
+	)
+	for i := first; i <= last; i += step {
+		err := func() error {
+			filename := path.Join(dir, era.Filename(network, int(i/step), common.Hash{}))
+			f, err := os.Create(filename)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not create era file: %w", err)
+			}
+			defer f.Close()
+
+			w := era.NewBuilder(f)
+			for j := uint64(0); j < step && j <= last-i; j++ {
+				var (
+					n     = i + j
+					block = bc.GetBlockByNumber(n)
+				)
+				if block == nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("export failed on #%d: not found", n)
+				}
+				receipts := bc.GetReceiptsByHash(block.Hash())
+				if receipts == nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("export failed on #%d: receipts not found", n)
+				}
+				td := bc.GetTd(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
+				if td == nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("export failed on #%d: total difficulty not found", n)
+				}
+				if err := w.Add(block, receipts, td); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			root, err := w.Finalize()
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("export failed to finalize %d: %w", step/i, err)
+			}
+			// Set correct filename with root.
+			os.Rename(filename, path.Join(dir, era.Filename(network, int(i/step), root)))
+
+			// Compute checksum of entire Era1.
+			if _, err := f.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to calculate checksum: %w", err)
+			}
+			checksums = append(checksums, common.BytesToHash(h.Sum(buf.Bytes()[:])).Hex())
+			h.Reset()
+			buf.Reset()
+			return nil
+		}()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if time.Since(reported) >= 8*time.Second {
+			log.Info("Exporting blocks", "exported", i, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))
+			reported = time.Now()
+		}
+	}
+
+	os.WriteFile(path.Join(dir, "checksums.txt"), []byte(strings.Join(checksums, "\n")), os.ModePerm)
+
+	log.Info("Exported blockchain to", "dir", dir)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ImportPreimages imports a batch of exported hash preimages into the database.
 // It's a part of the deprecated functionality, should be removed in the future.
 func ImportPreimages(db ethdb.Database, fn string) error {

cmd/utils/history_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/rawdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
+)
+
+var (
+	count uint64 = 128
+	step  uint64 = 16
+)
+
+func TestHistoryImportAndExport(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		key, _  = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d313eac2f96dbcda3f291")
+		address = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		genesis = &core.Genesis{
+			Config: params.TestChainConfig,
+			Alloc:  core.GenesisAlloc{address: {Balance: big.NewInt(1000000000000000000)}},
+		}
+		signer = types.LatestSigner(genesis.Config)
+	)
+
+	// Generate chain.
+	db, blocks, _ := core.GenerateChainWithGenesis(genesis, ethash.NewFaker(), int(count), func(i int, g *core.BlockGen) {
+		if i == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		tx, err := types.SignNewTx(key, signer, &types.DynamicFeeTx{
+			ChainID:    genesis.Config.ChainID,
+			Nonce:      uint64(i - 1),
+			GasTipCap:  common.Big0,
+			GasFeeCap:  g.PrevBlock(0).BaseFee(),
+			Gas:        50000,
+			To:         &common.Address{0xaa},
+			Value:      big.NewInt(int64(i)),
+			Data:       nil,
+			AccessList: nil,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error creating tx: %v", err)
+		}
+		g.AddTx(tx)
+	})
+
+	// Initialize BlockChain.
+	chain, err := core.NewBlockChain(db, nil, genesis, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to initialize chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := chain.InsertChain(blocks); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error insterting chain: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Make temp directory for era files.
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "history-export-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error creating temp test directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	// Export history to temp directory.
+	if err := ExportHistory(chain, dir, 0, count, step); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error exporting history: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read checksums.
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path.Join(dir, "checksums.txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read checksums: %v", err)
+	}
+	checksums := strings.Split(string(b), "\n")
+
+	// Verify each Era.
+	entries, _ := era.ReadDir(dir, "mainnet")
+	for i, filename := range entries {
+		func() {
+			f, err := os.Open(path.Join(dir, filename))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("error opening era file: %v", err)
+			}
+			var (
+				h   = sha256.New()
+				buf = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+			)
+			if _, err := io.Copy(h, f); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unable to recalculate checksum: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got, want := common.BytesToHash(h.Sum(buf.Bytes()[:])).Hex(), checksums[i]; got != want {
+				t.Fatalf("checksum %d does not match: got %s, want %s", i, got, want)
+			}
+			e, err := era.From(f)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("error opening era: %v", err)
+			}
+			defer e.Close()
+			it, err := era.NewIterator(e)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("error making era reader: %v", err)
+			}
+			for j := 0; it.Next(); j++ {
+				n := i*int(step) + j
+				if it.Error() != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("error reading block entry %d: %v", n, it.Error())
+				}
+				block, receipts, err := it.BlockAndReceipts()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("error reading block entry %d: %v", n, err)
+				}
+				want := chain.GetBlockByNumber(uint64(n))
+				if want, got := uint64(n), block.NumberU64(); want != got {
+					t.Fatalf("blocks out of order: want %d, got %d", want, got)
+				}
+				if want.Hash() != block.Hash() {
+					t.Fatalf("block hash mismatch %d: want %s, got %s", n, want.Hash().Hex(), block.Hash().Hex())
+				}
+				if got := types.DeriveSha(block.Transactions(), trie.NewStackTrie(nil)); got != want.TxHash() {
+					t.Fatalf("tx hash %d mismatch: want %s, got %s", n, want.TxHash(), got)
+				}
+				if got := types.CalcUncleHash(block.Uncles()); got != want.UncleHash() {
+					t.Fatalf("uncle hash %d mismatch: want %s, got %s", n, want.UncleHash(), got)
+				}
+				if got := types.DeriveSha(receipts, trie.NewStackTrie(nil)); got != want.ReceiptHash() {
+					t.Fatalf("receipt root %d mismatch: want %s, got %s", n, want.ReceiptHash(), got)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Now import Era.
+	freezer := t.TempDir()
+	db2, err := rawdb.NewDatabaseWithFreezer(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase(), freezer, "", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		db2.Close()
+	})
+
+	genesis.MustCommit(db2, trie.NewDatabase(db, trie.HashDefaults))
+	imported, err := core.NewBlockChain(db2, nil, genesis, nil, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{}, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to initialize chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := ImportHistory(imported, db2, dir, "mainnet"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to import chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	if have, want := imported.CurrentHeader(), chain.CurrentHeader(); have.Hash() != want.Hash() {
+		t.Fatalf("imported chain does not match expected, have (%d, %s) want (%d, %s)", have.Number, have.Hash(), want.Number, want.Hash())
+	}
+}

core/blockchain.go

@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, setHead bool) (int, error)
 		// The chain importer is starting and stopping trie prefetchers. If a bad
 		// block or other error is hit however, an early return may not properly
 		// terminate the background threads. This defer ensures that we clean up
-		// and dangling prefetcher, without defering each and holding on live refs.
+		// and dangling prefetcher, without deferring each and holding on live refs.
 		if activeState != nil {
 			activeState.StopPrefetcher()
 		}
@@ -2188,6 +2188,12 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) reorg(oldHead *types.Header, newHead *types.Block) error {
 		// rewind the canonical chain to a lower point.
 		log.Error("Impossible reorg, please file an issue", "oldnum", oldBlock.Number(), "oldhash", oldBlock.Hash(), "oldblocks", len(oldChain), "newnum", newBlock.Number(), "newhash", newBlock.Hash(), "newblocks", len(newChain))
 	}
+	// Reset the tx lookup cache in case to clear stale txlookups.
+	// This is done before writing any new chain data to avoid the
+	// weird scenario that canonical chain is changed while the
+	// stale lookups are still cached.
+	bc.txLookupCache.Purge()
+
 	// Insert the new chain(except the head block(reverse order)),
 	// taking care of the proper incremental order.
 	for i := len(newChain) - 1; i >= 1; i-- {
@@ -2202,11 +2208,13 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) reorg(oldHead *types.Header, newHead *types.Block) error {
 
 	// Delete useless indexes right now which includes the non-canonical
 	// transaction indexes, canonical chain indexes which above the head.
-	indexesBatch := bc.db.NewBatch()
+	var (
-	for _, tx := range types.HashDifference(deletedTxs, addedTxs) {
+		indexesBatch = bc.db.NewBatch()
+		diffs        = types.HashDifference(deletedTxs, addedTxs)
+	)
+	for _, tx := range diffs {
 		rawdb.DeleteTxLookupEntry(indexesBatch, tx)
 	}
-
 	// Delete all hash markers that are not part of the new canonical chain.
 	// Because the reorg function does not handle new chain head, all hash
 	// markers greater than or equal to new chain head should be deleted.

core/blockchain_reader.go

@@ -410,6 +410,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) TrieDB() *trie.Database {
 	return bc.triedb
 }
 
+// HeaderChain returns the underlying header chain.
+func (bc *BlockChain) HeaderChain() *HeaderChain {
+	return bc.hc
+}
+
 // SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent registers a subscription of RemovedLogsEvent.
 func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
 	return bc.scope.Track(bc.rmLogsFeed.Subscribe(ch))

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func (b *BlockGen) SetDifficulty(diff *big.Int) {
 	b.header.Difficulty = diff
 }
 
-// SetPos makes the header a PoS-header (0 difficulty)
+// SetPoS makes the header a PoS-header (0 difficulty)
 func (b *BlockGen) SetPoS() {
 	b.header.Difficulty = new(big.Int)
 }

core/forkid/forkid_test.go

@@ -74,8 +74,10 @@ func TestCreation(t *testing.T) {
 				{15049999, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x20c327fc), Next: 15050000}},            // Last Arrow Glacier block
 				{15050000, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf0afd0e3), Next: 1681338455}},          // First Gray Glacier block
 				{20000000, 1681338454, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf0afd0e3), Next: 1681338455}}, // Last Gray Glacier block
-				{20000000, 1681338455, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 0}},          // First Shanghai block
+				{20000000, 1681338455, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 1710338135}}, // First Shanghai block
-				{30000000, 2000000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 0}},          // Future Shanghai block
+				{30000000, 1710338134, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 1710338135}}, // Last Shanghai block
+				{40000000, 1710338135, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x9f3d2254), Next: 0}},          // First Cancun block
+				{50000000, 2000000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x9f3d2254), Next: 0}},          // Future Cancun block
 			},
 		},
 		// Goerli test cases
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	// Config that has not timestamp enabled
 	legacyConfig := *params.MainnetChainConfig
 	legacyConfig.ShanghaiTime = nil
+	legacyConfig.CancunTime = nil
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		config *params.ChainConfig
@@ -213,14 +216,10 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		// at some future block 88888888, for itself, but past block for local. Local is incompatible.
 		//
 		// This case detects non-upgraded nodes with majority hash power (typical Ropsten mess).
-		//
-		// TODO(karalabe): This testcase will fail once mainnet gets timestamped forks, make legacy chain config
 		{&legacyConfig, 88888888, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xf0afd0e3), Next: 88888888}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Byzantium. Remote is also in Byzantium, but announces Gopherium (non existing
 		// fork) at block 7279999, before Petersburg. Local is incompatible.
-		//
-		// TODO(karalabe): This testcase will fail once mainnet gets timestamped forks, make legacy chain config
 		{&legacyConfig, 7279999, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xa00bc324), Next: 7279999}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
 		//------------------------------------
@@ -297,34 +296,25 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		// Local is mainnet currently in Shanghai only (so it's aware of Cancun), remote announces
 		// also Shanghai, but it's not yet aware of Cancun (e.g. non updated node before the fork).
 		// In this case we don't know if Cancun passed yet or not.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 0}, nil},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 0}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet currently in Shanghai only (so it's aware of Cancun), remote announces
 		// also Shanghai, and it's also aware of Cancun (e.g. updated node before the fork). We
 		// don't know if Cancun passed yet (will pass) or not.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 1710338135}, nil},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced and update next timestamp
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 1678000000}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet currently in Shanghai only (so it's aware of Cancun), remote announces
 		// also Shanghai, and it's also aware of some random fork (e.g. misconfigured Cancun). As
 		// neither forks passed at neither nodes, they may mismatch, but we still connect for now.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: math.MaxUint64}, nil},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: math.MaxUint64}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet exactly on Cancun, remote announces Shanghai + knowledge about Cancun. Remote
 		// is simply out of sync, accept.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21000000, 1710338135, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 1710338135}, nil},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced, update local head and time, next timestamp
-		// {params.MainnetChainConfig, 21000000, 1678000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 1678000000}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Cancun, remote announces Shanghai + knowledge about Cancun. Remote
 		// is simply out of sync, accept.
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced, update local head and time, next timestamp
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21123456, 1710338136, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 1710338135}, nil},
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21123456, 1678123456, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 1678000000}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Prague, remote announces Shanghai + knowledge about Cancun. Remote
 		// is definitely out of sync. It may or may not need the Prague update, we don't know yet.
@@ -333,9 +323,7 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 0, 0, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x3edd5b10), Next: 4370000}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Shanghai, remote announces Cancun. Local is out of sync, accept.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21000000, 1700000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x9f3d2254), Next: 0}, nil},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced, update remote checksum
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21000000, 1678000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x00000000), Next: 0}, nil},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Shanghai, remote announces Cancun, but is not aware of Prague. Local
 		// out of sync. Local also knows about a future fork, but that is uncertain yet.
@@ -345,9 +333,7 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Local is mainnet Cancun. remote announces Shanghai but is not aware of further forks.
 		// Remote needs software update.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21000000, 1710338135, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 0}, ErrRemoteStale},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced, update local head and time
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 21000000, 1678000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 0}, ErrRemoteStale},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Shanghai, and isn't aware of more forks. Remote announces Shanghai +
 		// 0xffffffff. Local needs software update, reject.
@@ -355,24 +341,20 @@ func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// Local is mainnet Shanghai, and is aware of Cancun. Remote announces Cancun +
 		// 0xffffffff. Local needs software update, reject.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(checksumUpdate(0x9f3d2254, math.MaxUint64)), Next: 0}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced, update remote checksum
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1668000000, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(checksumUpdate(0x00000000, math.MaxUint64)), Next: 0}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Shanghai, remote is random Shanghai.
 		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20000000, 1681338455, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x12345678), Next: 0}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
-		// Local is mainnet Shanghai, far in the future. Remote announces Gopherium (non existing fork)
+		// Local is mainnet Cancun, far in the future. Remote announces Gopherium (non existing fork)
 		// at some future timestamp 8888888888, for itself, but past block for local. Local is incompatible.
 		//
 		// This case detects non-upgraded nodes with majority hash power (typical Ropsten mess).
-		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 88888888, 8888888888, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0xdce96c2d), Next: 8888888888}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 88888888, 8888888888, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x9f3d2254), Next: 8888888888}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 
 		// Local is mainnet Shanghai. Remote is also in Shanghai, but announces Gopherium (non existing
 		// fork) at timestamp 1668000000, before Cancun. Local is incompatible.
-		//
+		{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20999999, 1699999999, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 1700000000}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
-		// TODO(karalabe): Enable this when Cancun is specced
-		//{params.MainnetChainConfig, 20999999, 1677999999, ID{Hash: checksumToBytes(0x71147644), Next: 1678000000}, ErrLocalIncompatibleOrStale},
 	}
 	genesis := core.DefaultGenesisBlock().ToBlock()
 	for i, tt := range tests {

core/genesis.go

@@ -413,6 +413,8 @@ func (g *Genesis) configOrDefault(ghash common.Hash) *params.ChainConfig {
 		return g.Config
 	case ghash == params.MainnetGenesisHash:
 		return params.MainnetChainConfig
+	case ghash == params.HoleskyGenesisHash:
+		return params.HoleskyChainConfig
 	case ghash == params.SepoliaGenesisHash:
 		return params.SepoliaChainConfig
 	case ghash == params.GoerliGenesisHash:

core/state/pruner/pruner.go

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func prune(snaptree *snapshot.Tree, root common.Hash, maindb ethdb.Database, sta
 	// the trie nodes(and codes) belong to the active state will be filtered
 	// out. A very small part of stale tries will also be filtered because of
 	// the false-positive rate of bloom filter. But the assumption is held here
-	// that the false-positive is low enough(~0.05%). The probablity of the
+	// that the false-positive is low enough(~0.05%). The probability of the
 	// dangling node is the state root is super low. So the dangling nodes in
 	// theory will never ever be visited again.
 	var (

core/state/snapshot/difflayer.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ var (
 	aggregatorMemoryLimit = uint64(4 * 1024 * 1024)
 
 	// aggregatorItemLimit is an approximate number of items that will end up
-	// in the agregator layer before it's flushed out to disk. A plain account
+	// in the aggregator layer before it's flushed out to disk. A plain account
 	// weighs around 14B (+hash), a storage slot 32B (+hash), a deleted slot
 	// 0B (+hash). Slots are mostly set/unset in lockstep, so that average at
 	// 16B (+hash). All in all, the average entry seems to be 15+32=47B. Use a

core/state/snapshot/disklayer_test.go

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func TestDiskMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	// Retrieve all the data through the disk layer and validate it
 	base = snaps.Snapshot(diffRoot)
 	if _, ok := base.(*diskLayer); !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("update not flattend into the disk layer")
+		t.Fatalf("update not flattened into the disk layer")
 	}
 
 	// assertAccount ensures that an account matches the given blob.
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func TestDiskPartialMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		// Retrieve all the data through the disk layer and validate it
 		base = snaps.Snapshot(diffRoot)
 		if _, ok := base.(*diskLayer); !ok {
-			t.Fatalf("test %d: update not flattend into the disk layer", i)
+			t.Fatalf("test %d: update not flattened into the disk layer", i)
 		}
 		assertAccount(accNoModNoCache, accNoModNoCache[:])
 		assertAccount(accNoModCache, accNoModCache[:])

core/state/state_object.go

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ type stateObject struct {
 
 // empty returns whether the account is considered empty.
 func (s *stateObject) empty() bool {
-	return s.data.Nonce == 0 && s.data.Balance.Sign() == 0 && bytes.Equal(s.data.CodeHash, types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes())
+	return s.data.Nonce == 0 && s.data.Balance.IsZero() && bytes.Equal(s.data.CodeHash, types.EmptyCodeHash.Bytes())
 }
 
 // newObject creates a state object.
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) commit() (*trienode.NodeSet, error) {
 func (s *stateObject) AddBalance(amount *uint256.Int) {
 	// EIP161: We must check emptiness for the objects such that the account
 	// clearing (0,0,0 objects) can take effect.
-	if amount.Sign() == 0 {
+	if amount.IsZero() {
 		if s.empty() {
 			s.touch()
 		}
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ func (s *stateObject) AddBalance(amount *uint256.Int) {
 // SubBalance removes amount from s's balance.
 // It is used to remove funds from the origin account of a transfer.
 func (s *stateObject) SubBalance(amount *uint256.Int) {
-	if amount.Sign() == 0 {
+	if amount.IsZero() {
 		return
 	}
 	s.SetBalance(new(uint256.Int).Sub(s.Balance(), amount))

core/state/sync_test.go

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func testIterativeStateSync(t *testing.T, count int, commit bool, bypath bool, s
 					id := trie.StorageTrieID(srcRoot, common.BytesToHash(node.syncPath[0]), acc.Root)
 					stTrie, err := trie.New(id, ndb)
 					if err != nil {
-						t.Fatalf("failed to retriev storage trie for path %x: %v", node.syncPath[1], err)
+						t.Fatalf("failed to retrieve storage trie for path %x: %v", node.syncPath[1], err)
 					}
 					data, _, err := stTrie.GetNode(node.syncPath[1])
 					if err != nil {

core/txindexer.go

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ func (indexer *txIndexer) loop(chain *BlockChain) {
 		stop     chan struct{}                       // Non-nil if background routine is active.
 		done     chan struct{}                       // Non-nil if background routine is active.
 		lastHead uint64                              // The latest announced chain head (whose tx indexes are assumed created)
+		lastTail = rawdb.ReadTxIndexTail(indexer.db) // The oldest indexed block, nil means nothing indexed
 
 		headCh = make(chan ChainHeadEvent)
 		sub    = chain.SubscribeChainHeadEvent(headCh)
@@ -156,8 +157,9 @@ func (indexer *txIndexer) loop(chain *BlockChain) {
 		case <-done:
 			stop = nil
 			done = nil
+			lastTail = rawdb.ReadTxIndexTail(indexer.db)
 		case ch := <-indexer.progress:
-			ch <- indexer.report(lastHead)
+			ch <- indexer.report(lastHead, lastTail)
 		case ch := <-indexer.term:
 			if stop != nil {
 				close(stop)
@@ -173,11 +175,7 @@ func (indexer *txIndexer) loop(chain *BlockChain) {
 }
 
 // report returns the tx indexing progress.
-func (indexer *txIndexer) report(head uint64) TxIndexProgress {
+func (indexer *txIndexer) report(head uint64, tail *uint64) TxIndexProgress {
-	var (
-		remaining uint64
-		tail      = rawdb.ReadTxIndexTail(indexer.db)
-	)
 	total := indexer.limit
 	if indexer.limit == 0 || total > head {
 		total = head + 1 // genesis included
@@ -188,6 +186,7 @@ func (indexer *txIndexer) report(head uint64) TxIndexProgress {
 	}
 	// The value of indexed might be larger than total if some blocks need
 	// to be unindexed, avoiding a negative remaining.
+	var remaining uint64
 	if indexed < total {
 		remaining = total - indexed
 	}

core/txindexer_test.go

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func TestTxIndexer(t *testing.T) {
 		for number := *tail; number <= chainHead; number += 1 {
 			verifyIndexes(db, number, true)
 		}
-		progress := indexer.report(chainHead)
+		progress := indexer.report(chainHead, tail)
 		if !progress.Done() {
 			t.Fatalf("Expect fully indexed")
 		}

core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go

@@ -386,6 +386,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) Init(gasTip *big.Int, head *types.Header, reserve txpool.Addr
 
 	if len(fails) > 0 {
 		log.Warn("Dropping invalidated blob transactions", "ids", fails)
+		dropInvalidMeter.Mark(int64(len(fails)))
+
 		for _, id := range fails {
 			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
 				p.Close()
@@ -456,7 +458,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) parseTransaction(id uint64, size uint32, blob []byte) error {
 	tx := new(types.Transaction)
 	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(blob, tx); err != nil {
 		// This path is impossible unless the disk data representation changes
-		// across restarts. For that ever unprobable case, recover gracefully
+		// across restarts. For that ever improbable case, recover gracefully
 		// by ignoring this data entry.
 		log.Error("Failed to decode blob pool entry", "id", id, "err", err)
 		return err
@@ -467,11 +469,17 @@ func (p *BlobPool) parseTransaction(id uint64, size uint32, blob []byte) error {
 	}
 
 	meta := newBlobTxMeta(id, size, tx)
-
+	if _, exists := p.lookup[meta.hash]; exists {
+		// This path is only possible after a crash, where deleted items are not
+		// removed via the normal shutdown-startup procedure and thus may get
+		// partially resurrected.
+		log.Error("Rejecting duplicate blob pool entry", "id", id, "hash", tx.Hash())
+		return errors.New("duplicate blob entry")
+	}
 	sender, err := p.signer.Sender(tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		// This path is impossible unless the signature validity changes across
-		// restarts. For that ever unprobable case, recover gracefully by ignoring
+		// restarts. For that ever improbable case, recover gracefully by ignoring
 		// this data entry.
 		log.Error("Failed to recover blob tx sender", "id", id, "hash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
 		return err
@@ -537,8 +545,10 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 
 		if gapped {
 			log.Warn("Dropping dangling blob transactions", "from", addr, "missing", next, "drop", nonces, "ids", ids)
+			dropDanglingMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
 		} else {
 			log.Trace("Dropping filled blob transactions", "from", addr, "filled", nonces, "ids", ids)
+			dropFilledMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
 		}
 		for _, id := range ids {
 			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
@@ -569,6 +579,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 			txs = txs[1:]
 		}
 		log.Trace("Dropping overlapped blob transactions", "from", addr, "overlapped", nonces, "ids", ids, "left", len(txs))
+		dropOverlappedMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
+
 		for _, id := range ids {
 			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to delete blob transaction", "from", addr, "id", id, "err", err)
@@ -600,10 +612,30 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 			}
 			continue
 		}
-		// Sanity check that there's no double nonce. This case would be a coding
+		// Sanity check that there's no double nonce. This case would generally
-		// error, but better know about it
+		// be a coding error, so better know about it.
+		//
+		// Also, Billy behind the blobpool does not journal deletes. A process
+		// crash would result in previously deleted entities being resurrected.
+		// That could potentially cause a duplicate nonce to appear.
 		if txs[i].nonce == txs[i-1].nonce {
-			log.Error("Duplicate nonce blob transaction", "from", addr, "nonce", txs[i].nonce)
+			id := p.lookup[txs[i].hash]
+
+			log.Error("Dropping repeat nonce blob transaction", "from", addr, "nonce", txs[i].nonce, "id", id)
+			dropRepeatedMeter.Mark(1)
+
+			p.spent[addr] = new(uint256.Int).Sub(p.spent[addr], txs[i].costCap)
+			p.stored -= uint64(txs[i].size)
+			delete(p.lookup, txs[i].hash)
+
+			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
+				log.Error("Failed to delete blob transaction", "from", addr, "id", id, "err", err)
+			}
+			txs = append(txs[:i], txs[i+1:]...)
+			p.index[addr] = txs
+
+			i--
+			continue
 		}
 		// Otherwise if there's a nonce gap evict all later transactions
 		var (
@@ -621,6 +653,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 		txs = txs[:i]
 
 		log.Error("Dropping gapped blob transactions", "from", addr, "missing", txs[i-1].nonce+1, "drop", nonces, "ids", ids)
+		dropGappedMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
+
 		for _, id := range ids {
 			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to delete blob transaction", "from", addr, "id", id, "err", err)
@@ -665,6 +699,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 			p.index[addr] = txs
 		}
 		log.Warn("Dropping overdrafted blob transactions", "from", addr, "balance", balance, "spent", spent, "drop", nonces, "ids", ids)
+		dropOverdraftedMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
+
 		for _, id := range ids {
 			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to delete blob transaction", "from", addr, "id", id, "err", err)
@@ -695,6 +731,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 		p.index[addr] = txs
 
 		log.Warn("Dropping overcapped blob transactions", "from", addr, "kept", len(txs), "drop", nonces, "ids", ids)
+		dropOvercappedMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
+
 		for _, id := range ids {
 			if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to delete blob transaction", "from", addr, "id", id, "err", err)
@@ -711,7 +749,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) recheck(addr common.Address, inclusions map[common.Hash]uint6
 // offload removes a tracked blob transaction from the pool and moves it into the
 // limbo for tracking until finality.
 //
-// The method may log errors for various unexpcted scenarios but will not return
+// The method may log errors for various unexpected scenarios but will not return
 // any of it since there's no clear error case. Some errors may be due to coding
 // issues, others caused by signers mining MEV stuff or swapping transactions. In
 // all cases, the pool needs to continue operating.
@@ -952,7 +990,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) reinject(addr common.Address, txhash common.Hash) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Update the indixes and metrics
+	// Update the indices and metrics
 	meta := newBlobTxMeta(id, p.store.Size(id), tx)
 	if _, ok := p.index[addr]; !ok {
 		if err := p.reserve(addr, true); err != nil {
@@ -1019,6 +1057,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) SetGasTip(tip *big.Int) {
 					}
 					// Clear out the transactions from the data store
 					log.Warn("Dropping underpriced blob transaction", "from", addr, "rejected", tx.nonce, "tip", tx.execTipCap, "want", tip, "drop", nonces, "ids", ids)
+					dropUnderpricedMeter.Mark(int64(len(ids)))
+
 					for _, id := range ids {
 						if err := p.store.Delete(id); err != nil {
 							log.Error("Failed to delete dropped transaction", "id", id, "err", err)
@@ -1161,7 +1201,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) Get(hash common.Hash) *types.Transaction {
 }
 
 // Add inserts a set of blob transactions into the pool if they pass validation (both
-// consensus validity and pool restictions).
+// consensus validity and pool restrictions).
 func (p *BlobPool) Add(txs []*types.Transaction, local bool, sync bool) []error {
 	var (
 		adds = make([]*types.Transaction, 0, len(txs))
@@ -1181,7 +1221,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) Add(txs []*types.Transaction, local bool, sync bool) []error
 }
 
 // Add inserts a new blob transaction into the pool if it passes validation (both
-// consensus validity and pool restictions).
+// consensus validity and pool restrictions).
 func (p *BlobPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) (err error) {
 	// The blob pool blocks on adding a transaction. This is because blob txs are
 	// only even pulled form the network, so this method will act as the overload
@@ -1198,6 +1238,22 @@ func (p *BlobPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) (err error) {
 	// Ensure the transaction is valid from all perspectives
 	if err := p.validateTx(tx); err != nil {
 		log.Trace("Transaction validation failed", "hash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrUnderpriced):
+			addUnderpricedMeter.Mark(1)
+		case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooLow):
+			addStaleMeter.Mark(1)
+		case errors.Is(err, core.ErrNonceTooHigh):
+			addGappedMeter.Mark(1)
+		case errors.Is(err, core.ErrInsufficientFunds):
+			addOverdraftedMeter.Mark(1)
+		case errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrAccountLimitExceeded):
+			addOvercappedMeter.Mark(1)
+		case errors.Is(err, txpool.ErrReplaceUnderpriced):
+			addNoreplaceMeter.Mark(1)
+		default:
+			addInvalidMeter.Mark(1)
+		}
 		return err
 	}
 	// If the address is not yet known, request exclusivity to track the account
@@ -1205,6 +1261,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) (err error) {
 	from, _ := types.Sender(p.signer, tx) // already validated above
 	if _, ok := p.index[from]; !ok {
 		if err := p.reserve(from, true); err != nil {
+			addNonExclusiveMeter.Mark(1)
 			return err
 		}
 		defer func() {
@@ -1244,6 +1301,8 @@ func (p *BlobPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) (err error) {
 	}
 	if len(p.index[from]) > offset {
 		// Transaction replaces a previously queued one
+		dropReplacedMeter.Mark(1)
+
 		prev := p.index[from][offset]
 		if err := p.store.Delete(prev.id); err != nil {
 			// Shitty situation, but try to recover gracefully instead of going boom
@@ -1322,6 +1381,7 @@ func (p *BlobPool) add(tx *types.Transaction) (err error) {
 	}
 	p.updateStorageMetrics()
 
+	addValidMeter.Mark(1)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1371,7 +1431,9 @@ func (p *BlobPool) drop() {
 		}
 	}
 	// Remove the transaction from the data store
-	log.Warn("Evicting overflown blob transaction", "from", from, "evicted", drop.nonce, "id", drop.id)
+	log.Debug("Evicting overflown blob transaction", "from", from, "evicted", drop.nonce, "id", drop.id)
+	dropOverflownMeter.Mark(1)
+
 	if err := p.store.Delete(drop.id); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to drop evicted transaction", "id", drop.id, "err", err)
 	}

core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool_test.go

@@ -305,7 +305,16 @@ func verifyPoolInternals(t *testing.T, pool *BlobPool) {
 //   - 1. A transaction that cannot be decoded must be dropped
 //   - 2. A transaction that cannot be recovered (bad signature) must be dropped
 //   - 3. All transactions after a nonce gap must be dropped
-//   - 4. All transactions after an underpriced one (including it) must be dropped
+//   - 4. All transactions after an already included nonce must be dropped
+//   - 5. All transactions after an underpriced one (including it) must be dropped
+//   - 6. All transactions after an overdrafting sequence must be dropped
+//   - 7. All transactions exceeding the per-account limit must be dropped
+//
+// Furthermore, some strange corner-cases can also occur after a crash, as Billy's
+// simplicity also allows it to resurrect past deleted entities:
+//
+//   - 8. Fully duplicate transactions (matching hash) must be dropped
+//   - 9. Duplicate nonces from the same account must be dropped
 func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 	log.SetDefault(log.NewLogger(log.NewTerminalHandlerWithLevel(os.Stderr, log.LevelTrace, true)))
 
@@ -338,7 +347,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 	badsig, _ := store.Put(blob)
 
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with a nonce gap in between to verify
-	// that anything gapped will get evicted (case 3)
+	// that anything gapped will get evicted (case 3).
 	var (
 		gapper, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 
@@ -357,7 +366,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with a gapped starting nonce to verify
-	// that the entire set will get dropped.
+	// that the entire set will get dropped (case 3).
 	var (
 		dangler, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		dangling   = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -370,7 +379,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		dangling[id] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with already passed nonces to veirfy
-	// that the entire set will get dropped.
+	// that the entire set will get dropped (case 4).
 	var (
 		filler, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		filled    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -383,7 +392,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		filled[id] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with partially passed nonces to veirfy
-	// that the included part of the set will get dropped
+	// that the included part of the set will get dropped (case 4).
 	var (
 		overlapper, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		overlapped    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -400,7 +409,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with an underpriced first to verify that
-	// the entire set will get dropped (case 4).
+	// the entire set will get dropped (case 5).
 	var (
 		underpayer, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		underpaid     = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -419,7 +428,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with an underpriced in between to verify
-	// that it and anything newly gapped will get evicted (case 4).
+	// that it and anything newly gapped will get evicted (case 5).
 	var (
 		outpricer, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		outpriced    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -441,7 +450,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions fully overdrafted to verify that the
-	// entire set will get invalidated.
+	// entire set will get invalidated (case 6).
 	var (
 		exceeder, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		exceeded    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -459,7 +468,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		exceeded[id] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions partially overdrafted to verify that part
-	// of the set will get invalidated.
+	// of the set will get invalidated (case 6).
 	var (
 		overdrafter, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		overdrafted    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -481,7 +490,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions overflowing the account cap to verify
-	// that part of the set will get invalidated.
+	// that part of the set will get invalidated (case 7).
 	var (
 		overcapper, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		overcapped    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
@@ -496,6 +505,42 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 			overcapped[id] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
+	// Insert a batch of duplicated transactions to verify that only one of each
+	// version will remain (case 8).
+	var (
+		duplicater, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
+		duplicated    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
+	)
+	for _, nonce := range []uint64{0, 1, 2} {
+		blob, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(makeTx(nonce, 1, 1, 1, duplicater))
+
+		for i := 0; i < int(nonce)+1; i++ {
+			id, _ := store.Put(blob)
+			if i == 0 {
+				valids[id] = struct{}{}
+			} else {
+				duplicated[id] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Insert a batch of duplicated nonces to verify that only one of each will
+	// remain (case 9).
+	var (
+		repeater, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
+		repeated    = make(map[uint64]struct{})
+	)
+	for _, nonce := range []uint64{0, 1, 2} {
+		for i := 0; i < int(nonce)+1; i++ {
+			blob, _ := rlp.EncodeToBytes(makeTx(nonce, 1, uint64(i)+1 /* unique hashes */, 1, repeater))
+
+			id, _ := store.Put(blob)
+			if i == 0 {
+				valids[id] = struct{}{}
+			} else {
+				repeated[id] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	store.Close()
 
 	// Create a blob pool out of the pre-seeded data
@@ -511,6 +556,8 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 	statedb.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(exceeder.PublicKey), uint256.NewInt(1000000))
 	statedb.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(overdrafter.PublicKey), uint256.NewInt(1000000))
 	statedb.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(overcapper.PublicKey), uint256.NewInt(10000000))
+	statedb.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(duplicater.PublicKey), uint256.NewInt(1000000))
+	statedb.AddBalance(crypto.PubkeyToAddress(repeater.PublicKey), uint256.NewInt(1000000))
 	statedb.Commit(0, true)
 
 	chain := &testBlockChain{
@@ -554,6 +601,10 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Errorf("partially overdrafted transaction remained in storage: %d", tx.id)
 				} else if _, ok := overcapped[tx.id]; ok {
 					t.Errorf("overcapped transaction remained in storage: %d", tx.id)
+				} else if _, ok := duplicated[tx.id]; ok {
+					t.Errorf("duplicated transaction remained in storage: %d", tx.id)
+				} else if _, ok := repeated[tx.id]; ok {
+					t.Errorf("repeated nonce transaction remained in storage: %d", tx.id)
 				} else {
 					alive[tx.id] = struct{}{}
 				}
@@ -584,7 +635,7 @@ func TestOpenDrops(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Tests that transactions loaded from disk are indexed correctly.
 //
-//   - 1. Transactions must be groupped by sender, sorted by nonce
+//   - 1. Transactions must be grouped by sender, sorted by nonce
 //   - 2. Eviction thresholds are calculated correctly for the sequences
 //   - 3. Balance usage of an account is totals across all transactions
 func TestOpenIndex(t *testing.T) {
@@ -598,7 +649,7 @@ func TestOpenIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	store, _ := billy.Open(billy.Options{Path: filepath.Join(storage, pendingTransactionStore)}, newSlotter(), nil)
 
 	// Insert a sequence of transactions with varying price points to check that
-	// the cumulative minimumw will be maintained.
+	// the cumulative minimum will be maintained.
 	var (
 		key, _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 		addr   = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
@@ -1197,7 +1248,7 @@ func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
 			keys[acc], _ = crypto.GenerateKey()
 			addrs[acc] = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(keys[acc].PublicKey)
 
-			// Seed the state database with this acocunt
+			// Seed the state database with this account
 			statedb.AddBalance(addrs[acc], new(uint256.Int).SetUint64(seed.balance))
 			statedb.SetNonce(addrs[acc], seed.nonce)
 

core/txpool/blobpool/limbo.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func newLimbo(datadir string) (*limbo, error) {
 		index:  make(map[common.Hash]uint64),
 		groups: make(map[uint64]map[uint64]common.Hash),
 	}
-	// Index all limboed blobs on disk and delete anything inprocessable
+	// Index all limboed blobs on disk and delete anything unprocessable
 	var fails []uint64
 	index := func(id uint64, size uint32, data []byte) {
 		if l.parseBlob(id, data) != nil {
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (l *limbo) parseBlob(id uint64, data []byte) error {
 	item := new(limboBlob)
 	if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, item); err != nil {
 		// This path is impossible unless the disk data representation changes
-		// across restarts. For that ever unprobable case, recover gracefully
+		// across restarts. For that ever improbable case, recover gracefully
 		// by ignoring this data entry.
 		log.Error("Failed to decode blob limbo entry", "id", id, "err", err)
 		return err
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func (l *limbo) pull(tx common.Hash) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 // update changes the block number under which a blob transaction is tracked. This
 // method should be used when a reorg changes a transaction's inclusion block.
 //
-// The method may log errors for various unexpcted scenarios but will not return
+// The method may log errors for various unexpected scenarios but will not return
 // any of it since there's no clear error case. Some errors may be due to coding
 // issues, others caused by signers mining MEV stuff or swapping transactions. In
 // all cases, the pool needs to continue operating.

core/txpool/blobpool/metrics.go

@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ var (
 	pooltipGauge = metrics.NewRegisteredGauge("blobpool/pooltip", nil)
 
 	// addwait/time, resetwait/time and getwait/time track the rough health of
-	// the pool and whether or not it's capable of keeping up with the load from
+	// the pool and whether it's capable of keeping up with the load from the
-	// the network.
+	// network.
 	addwaitHist   = metrics.NewRegisteredHistogram("blobpool/addwait", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
 	addtimeHist   = metrics.NewRegisteredHistogram("blobpool/addtime", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
 	getwaitHist   = metrics.NewRegisteredHistogram("blobpool/getwait", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
@@ -75,4 +75,31 @@ var (
 	pendtimeHist  = metrics.NewRegisteredHistogram("blobpool/pendtime", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
 	resetwaitHist = metrics.NewRegisteredHistogram("blobpool/resetwait", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
 	resettimeHist = metrics.NewRegisteredHistogram("blobpool/resettime", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
+
+	// The below metrics track various cases where transactions are dropped out
+	// of the pool. Most are exceptional, some are chain progression and some
+	// threshold cappings.
+	dropInvalidMeter     = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/invalid", nil)     // Invalid transaction, consensus change or bugfix, neutral-ish
+	dropDanglingMeter    = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/dangling", nil)    // First nonce gapped, bad
+	dropFilledMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/filled", nil)      // State full-overlap, chain progress, ok
+	dropOverlappedMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/overlapped", nil)  // State partial-overlap, chain progress, ok
+	dropRepeatedMeter    = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/repeated", nil)    // Repeated nonce, bad
+	dropGappedMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/gapped", nil)      // Non-first nonce gapped, bad
+	dropOverdraftedMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/overdrafted", nil) // Balance exceeded, bad
+	dropOvercappedMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/overcapped", nil)  // Per-account cap exceeded, bad
+	dropOverflownMeter   = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/overflown", nil)   // Global disk cap exceeded, neutral-ish
+	dropUnderpricedMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/underpriced", nil) // Gas tip changed, neutral
+	dropReplacedMeter    = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/drop/replaced", nil)    // Transaction replaced, neutral
+
+	// The below metrics track various outcomes of transactions being added to
+	// the pool.
+	addInvalidMeter      = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/invalid", nil)      // Invalid transaction, reject, neutral
+	addUnderpricedMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/underpriced", nil)  // Gas tip too low, neutral
+	addStaleMeter        = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/stale", nil)        // Nonce already filled, reject, bad-ish
+	addGappedMeter       = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/gapped", nil)       // Nonce gapped, reject, bad-ish
+	addOverdraftedMeter  = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/overdrafted", nil)  // Balance exceeded, reject, neutral
+	addOvercappedMeter   = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/overcapped", nil)   // Per-account cap exceeded, reject, neutral
+	addNoreplaceMeter    = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/noreplace", nil)    // Replacement fees or tips too low, neutral
+	addNonExclusiveMeter = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/nonexclusive", nil) // Plain transaction from same account exists, reject, neutral
+	addValidMeter        = metrics.NewRegisteredMeter("blobpool/add/valid", nil)        // Valid transaction, add, neutral
 )

core/txpool/subpool.go

@@ -44,12 +44,18 @@ type LazyTransaction struct {
 
 // Resolve retrieves the full transaction belonging to a lazy handle if it is still
 // maintained by the transaction pool.
+//
+// Note, the method will *not* cache the retrieved transaction if the original
+// pool has not cached it. The idea being, that if the tx was too big to insert
+// originally, silently saving it will cause more trouble down the line (and
+// indeed seems to have caused a memory bloat in the original implementation
+// which did just that).
 func (ltx *LazyTransaction) Resolve() *types.Transaction {
-	if ltx.Tx == nil {
+	if ltx.Tx != nil {
-		ltx.Tx = ltx.Pool.Get(ltx.Hash)
-	}
 		return ltx.Tx
 	}
+	return ltx.Pool.Get(ltx.Hash)
+}
 
 // LazyResolver is a minimal interface needed for a transaction pool to satisfy
 // resolving lazy transactions. It's mostly a helper to avoid the entire sub-
@@ -69,7 +75,7 @@ type AddressReserver func(addr common.Address, reserve bool) error
 // production, this interface defines the common methods that allow the primary
 // transaction pool to manage the subpools.
 type SubPool interface {
-	// Filter is a selector used to decide whether a transaction whould be added
+	// Filter is a selector used to decide whether a transaction would be added
 	// to this particular subpool.
 	Filter(tx *types.Transaction) bool
 

core/types/transaction.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package types
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/big"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -320,6 +321,7 @@ func (tx *Transaction) Cost() *big.Int {
 
 // RawSignatureValues returns the V, R, S signature values of the transaction.
 // The return values should not be modified by the caller.
+// The return values may be nil or zero, if the transaction is unsigned.
 func (tx *Transaction) RawSignatureValues() (v, r, s *big.Int) {
 	return tx.inner.rawSignatureValues()
 }
@@ -508,6 +510,9 @@ func (tx *Transaction) WithSignature(signer Signer, sig []byte) (*Transaction, e
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if r == nil || s == nil || v == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: r: %s, s: %s, v: %s", ErrInvalidSig, r, s, v)
+	}
 	cpy := tx.inner.copy()
 	cpy.setSignatureValues(signer.ChainID(), v, r, s)
 	return &Transaction{inner: cpy, time: tx.time}, nil

core/types/transaction_marshalling.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
@@ -47,6 +48,11 @@ type txJSON struct {
 	S                    *hexutil.Big    `json:"s"`
 	YParity              *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"yParity,omitempty"`
 
+	// Blob transaction sidecar encoding:
+	Blobs       []kzg4844.Blob       `json:"blobs,omitempty"`
+	Commitments []kzg4844.Commitment `json:"commitments,omitempty"`
+	Proofs      []kzg4844.Proof      `json:"proofs,omitempty"`
+
 	// Only used for encoding:
 	Hash common.Hash `json:"hash"`
 }
@@ -142,6 +148,11 @@ func (tx *Transaction) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		enc.S = (*hexutil.Big)(itx.S.ToBig())
 		yparity := itx.V.Uint64()
 		enc.YParity = (*hexutil.Uint64)(&yparity)
+		if sidecar := itx.Sidecar; sidecar != nil {
+			enc.Blobs = itx.Sidecar.Blobs
+			enc.Commitments = itx.Sidecar.Commitments
+			enc.Proofs = itx.Sidecar.Proofs
+		}
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(&enc)
 }

core/types/transaction_signing_test.go

@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
 )
 
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ func TestEIP155Signing(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	if from != addr {
-		t.Errorf("exected from and address to be equal. Got %x want %x", from, addr)
+		t.Errorf("expected from and address to be equal. Got %x want %x", from, addr)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -136,3 +138,53 @@ func TestChainId(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("expected no error")
 	}
 }
+
+type nilSigner struct {
+	v, r, s *big.Int
+	Signer
+}
+
+func (ns *nilSigner) SignatureValues(tx *Transaction, sig []byte) (r, s, v *big.Int, err error) {
+	return ns.v, ns.r, ns.s, nil
+}
+
+// TestNilSigner ensures a faulty Signer implementation does not result in nil signature values or panics.
+func TestNilSigner(t *testing.T) {
+	key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+	innerSigner := LatestSignerForChainID(big.NewInt(1))
+	for i, signer := range []Signer{
+		&nilSigner{v: nil, r: nil, s: nil, Signer: innerSigner},
+		&nilSigner{v: big.NewInt(1), r: big.NewInt(1), s: nil, Signer: innerSigner},
+		&nilSigner{v: big.NewInt(1), r: nil, s: big.NewInt(1), Signer: innerSigner},
+		&nilSigner{v: nil, r: big.NewInt(1), s: big.NewInt(1), Signer: innerSigner},
+	} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("signer_%d", i), func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("legacy", func(t *testing.T) {
+				legacyTx := createTestLegacyTxInner()
+				_, err := SignNewTx(key, signer, legacyTx)
+				if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSig) {
+					t.Fatal("expected signature values error, no nil result or panic")
+				}
+			})
+			// test Blob tx specifically, since the signature value types changed
+			t.Run("blobtx", func(t *testing.T) {
+				blobtx := createEmptyBlobTxInner(false)
+				_, err := SignNewTx(key, signer, blobtx)
+				if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSig) {
+					t.Fatal("expected signature values error, no nil result or panic")
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func createTestLegacyTxInner() *LegacyTx {
+	return &LegacyTx{
+		Nonce:    uint64(0),
+		To:       nil,
+		Value:    big.NewInt(0),
+		Gas:      params.TxGas,
+		GasPrice: big.NewInt(params.GWei),
+		Data:     nil,
+	}
+}

core/types/tx_blob.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ type BlobTx struct {
 	BlobHashes []common.Hash
 
 	// A blob transaction can optionally contain blobs. This field must be set when BlobTx
-	// is used to create a transaction for sigining.
+	// is used to create a transaction for signing.
 	Sidecar *BlobTxSidecar `rlp:"-"`
 
 	// Signature values

core/types/tx_blob_test.go

@@ -65,6 +65,12 @@ var (
 )
 
 func createEmptyBlobTx(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, withSidecar bool) *Transaction {
+	blobtx := createEmptyBlobTxInner(withSidecar)
+	signer := NewCancunSigner(blobtx.ChainID.ToBig())
+	return MustSignNewTx(key, signer, blobtx)
+}
+
+func createEmptyBlobTxInner(withSidecar bool) *BlobTx {
 	sidecar := &BlobTxSidecar{
 		Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
 		Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
@@ -85,6 +91,5 @@ func createEmptyBlobTx(key *ecdsa.PrivateKey, withSidecar bool) *Transaction {
 	if withSidecar {
 		blobtx.Sidecar = sidecar
 	}
-	signer := NewCancunSigner(blobtx.ChainID.ToBig())
+	return blobtx
-	return MustSignNewTx(key, signer, blobtx)
 }

core/vm/contracts_test.go

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func BenchmarkPrecompiledRipeMD(bench *testing.B) {
 	benchmarkPrecompiled("03", t, bench)
 }
 
-// Benchmarks the sample inputs from the identiy precompile.
+// Benchmarks the sample inputs from the identity precompile.
 func BenchmarkPrecompiledIdentity(bench *testing.B) {
 	t := precompiledTest{
 		Input:    "38d18acb67d25c8bb9942764b62f18e17054f66a817bd4295423adf9ed98873e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001b38d18acb67d25c8bb9942764b62f18e17054f66a817bd4295423adf9ed98873e789d1dd423d25f0772d2748d60f7e4b81bb14d086eba8e8e8efb6dcff8a4ae02",

core/vm/evm.go

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas
 		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
 	}
 	// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
-	if value.Sign() != 0 && !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
+	if !value.IsZero() && !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
 		return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
 	}
 	snapshot := evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas
 	debug := evm.Config.Tracer != nil
 
 	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
-		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
+		if !isPrecompile && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.IsZero() {
 			// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
 			if debug {
 				if evm.depth == 0 {

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -347,9 +347,7 @@ func opExtCodeSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext)
 }
 
 func opCodeSize(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
-	l := new(uint256.Int)
+	scope.Stack.push(new(uint256.Int).SetUint64(uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code))))
-	l.SetUint64(uint64(len(scope.Contract.Code)))
-	scope.Stack.push(l)
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

core/vm/interpreter.go

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func (in *EVMInterpreter) Run(contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) (
 		debug   = in.evm.Config.Tracer != nil
 	)
 	// Don't move this deferred function, it's placed before the capturestate-deferred method,
-	// so that it get's executed _after_: the capturestate needs the stacks before
+	// so that it gets executed _after_: the capturestate needs the stacks before
 	// they are returned to the pools
 	defer func() {
 		returnStack(stack)

core/vm/jump_table_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// TestJumpTableCopy tests that deep copy is necessery to prevent modify shared jump table
+// TestJumpTableCopy tests that deep copy is necessary to prevent modify shared jump table
 func TestJumpTableCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	tbl := newMergeInstructionSet()
 	require.Equal(t, uint64(0), tbl[SLOAD].constantGas)

crypto/bls12381/g2.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 // If z is equal to one the point is considered as in affine form.
 type PointG2 [3]fe2
 
-// Set copies valeus of one point to another.
+// Set copies values of one point to another.
 func (p *PointG2) Set(p2 *PointG2) *PointG2 {
 	p[0].set(&p2[0])
 	p[1].set(&p2[1])

crypto/bn256/google/bn256.go

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ type G2 struct {
 	p *twistPoint
 }
 
-// RandomG1 returns x and g₂ˣ where x is a random, non-zero number read from r.
+// RandomG2 returns x and g₂ˣ where x is a random, non-zero number read from r.
 func RandomG2(r io.Reader) (*big.Int, *G2, error) {
 	var k *big.Int
 	var err error

crypto/kzg4844/kzg4844.go

@@ -21,21 +21,60 @@ import (
 	"embed"
 	"errors"
 	"hash"
+	"reflect"
 	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
 )
 
 //go:embed trusted_setup.json
 var content embed.FS
 
+var (
+	blobT       = reflect.TypeOf(Blob{})
+	commitmentT = reflect.TypeOf(Commitment{})
+	proofT      = reflect.TypeOf(Proof{})
+)
+
 // Blob represents a 4844 data blob.
 type Blob [131072]byte
 
+// UnmarshalJSON parses a blob in hex syntax.
+func (b *Blob) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
+	return hexutil.UnmarshalFixedJSON(blobT, input, b[:])
+}
+
+// MarshalText returns the hex representation of b.
+func (b Blob) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
+	return hexutil.Bytes(b[:]).MarshalText()
+}
+
 // Commitment is a serialized commitment to a polynomial.
 type Commitment [48]byte
 
+// UnmarshalJSON parses a commitment in hex syntax.
+func (c *Commitment) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
+	return hexutil.UnmarshalFixedJSON(commitmentT, input, c[:])
+}
+
+// MarshalText returns the hex representation of c.
+func (c Commitment) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
+	return hexutil.Bytes(c[:]).MarshalText()
+}
+
 // Proof is a serialized commitment to the quotient polynomial.
 type Proof [48]byte
 
+// UnmarshalJSON parses a proof in hex syntax.
+func (p *Proof) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
+	return hexutil.UnmarshalFixedJSON(proofT, input, p[:])
+}
+
+// MarshalText returns the hex representation of p.
+func (p Proof) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
+	return hexutil.Bytes(p[:]).MarshalText()
+}
+
 // Point is a BLS field element.
 type Point [32]byte
 

docs/postmortems/2021-08-22-split-postmortem.md

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ The blocks on the 'bad' chain were investigated, and Tim Beiko reached out to th
 
 ### Disclosure decision
 
-The geth-team have an official policy regarding [vulnerability disclosure](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/vulnerabilities/vulnerabilities). 
+The geth-team have an official policy regarding [vulnerability disclosure](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/developers/geth-developer/disclosures). 
 
 > The primary goal for the Geth team is the health of the Ethereum network as a whole, and the decision whether or not to publish details about a serious vulnerability boils down to minimizing the risk and/or impact of discovery and exploitation.
 

eth/api_miner.go

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func (api *MinerAPI) SetGasPrice(gasPrice hexutil.Big) bool {
 	api.e.lock.Unlock()
 
 	api.e.txPool.SetGasTip((*big.Int)(&gasPrice))
+	api.e.Miner().SetGasTip((*big.Int)(&gasPrice))
 	return true
 }
 

eth/catalyst/api.go

@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ func newConsensusAPIWithoutHeartbeat(eth *eth.Ethereum) *ConsensusAPI {
 // and return its payloadID.
 func (api *ConsensusAPI) ForkchoiceUpdatedV1(update engine.ForkchoiceStateV1, payloadAttributes *engine.PayloadAttributes) (engine.ForkChoiceResponse, error) {
 	if payloadAttributes != nil {
-		if payloadAttributes.Withdrawals != nil {
+		if payloadAttributes.Withdrawals != nil || payloadAttributes.BeaconRoot != nil {
-			return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.InvalidParams.With(errors.New("withdrawals not supported in V1"))
+			return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.InvalidParams.With(errors.New("withdrawals and beacon root not supported in V1"))
 		}
 		if api.eth.BlockChain().Config().IsShanghai(api.eth.BlockChain().Config().LondonBlock, payloadAttributes.Timestamp) {
 			return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.InvalidParams.With(errors.New("forkChoiceUpdateV1 called post-shanghai"))
@@ -183,23 +183,31 @@ func (api *ConsensusAPI) ForkchoiceUpdatedV1(update engine.ForkchoiceStateV1, pa
 	return api.forkchoiceUpdated(update, payloadAttributes, engine.PayloadV1, false)
 }
 
-// ForkchoiceUpdatedV2 is equivalent to V1 with the addition of withdrawals in the payload attributes.
+// ForkchoiceUpdatedV2 is equivalent to V1 with the addition of withdrawals in the payload
+// attributes. It supports both PayloadAttributesV1 and PayloadAttributesV2.
 func (api *ConsensusAPI) ForkchoiceUpdatedV2(update engine.ForkchoiceStateV1, params *engine.PayloadAttributes) (engine.ForkChoiceResponse, error) {
 	if params != nil {
+		switch api.eth.BlockChain().Config().LatestFork(params.Timestamp) {
+		case forks.Paris:
+			if params.Withdrawals != nil {
+				return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.InvalidParams.With(errors.New("withdrawals before shanghai"))
+			}
+		case forks.Shanghai:
 			if params.Withdrawals == nil {
 				return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.InvalidParams.With(errors.New("missing withdrawals"))
 			}
+		default:
+			return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.UnsupportedFork.With(errors.New("forkchoiceUpdatedV2 must only be called with paris and shanghai payloads"))
+		}
 		if params.BeaconRoot != nil {
 			return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.InvalidParams.With(errors.New("unexpected beacon root"))
 		}
-		if api.eth.BlockChain().Config().LatestFork(params.Timestamp) != forks.Shanghai {
-			return engine.STATUS_INVALID, engine.UnsupportedFork.With(errors.New("forkchoiceUpdatedV2 must only be called for shanghai payloads"))
-		}
 	}
 	return api.forkchoiceUpdated(update, params, engine.PayloadV2, false)
 }
 
-// ForkchoiceUpdatedV3 is equivalent to V2 with the addition of parent beacon block root in the payload attributes.
+// ForkchoiceUpdatedV3 is equivalent to V2 with the addition of parent beacon block root
+// in the payload attributes. It supports only PayloadAttributesV3.
 func (api *ConsensusAPI) ForkchoiceUpdatedV3(update engine.ForkchoiceStateV1, params *engine.PayloadAttributes) (engine.ForkChoiceResponse, error) {
 	if params != nil {
 		// TODO(matt): according to https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/498,

eth/downloader/beaconsync.go

@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ func newBeaconBackfiller(dl *Downloader, success func()) backfiller {
 }
 
 // suspend cancels any background downloader threads and returns the last header
-// that has been successfully backfilled.
+// that has been successfully backfilled (potentially in a previous run), or the
+// genesis.
 func (b *beaconBackfiller) suspend() *types.Header {
 	// If no filling is running, don't waste cycles
 	b.lock.Lock()

eth/downloader/downloader.go

@@ -611,6 +611,7 @@ func (d *Downloader) syncWithPeer(p *peerConnection, hash common.Hash, td, ttd *
 			if err := d.lightchain.SetHead(origin); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			log.Info("Truncated excess ancient chain segment", "oldhead", frozen-1, "newhead", origin)
 		}
 	}
 	// Initiate the sync using a concurrent header and content retrieval algorithm

eth/downloader/downloader_test.go

@@ -440,9 +440,6 @@ func assertOwnChain(t *testing.T, tester *downloadTester, length int) {
 func TestCanonicalSynchronisation68Full(t *testing.T)  { testCanonSync(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestCanonicalSynchronisation68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testCanonSync(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestCanonicalSynchronisation68Light(t *testing.T) { testCanonSync(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestCanonicalSynchronisation67Full(t *testing.T)  { testCanonSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestCanonicalSynchronisation67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testCanonSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestCanonicalSynchronisation67Light(t *testing.T) { testCanonSync(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testCanonSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -463,8 +460,6 @@ func testCanonSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 // until the cached blocks are retrieved.
 func TestThrottling68Full(t *testing.T) { testThrottling(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestThrottling68Snap(t *testing.T) { testThrottling(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
-func TestThrottling67Full(t *testing.T) { testThrottling(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestThrottling67Snap(t *testing.T) { testThrottling(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
 
 func testThrottling(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -546,9 +541,6 @@ func testThrottling(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestForkedSync68Full(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestForkedSync68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestForkedSync68Light(t *testing.T) { testForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestForkedSync67Full(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestForkedSync67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestForkedSync67Light(t *testing.T) { testForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -576,9 +568,6 @@ func testForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestHeavyForkedSync68Full(t *testing.T)  { testHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestHeavyForkedSync68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestHeavyForkedSync68Light(t *testing.T) { testHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestHeavyForkedSync67Full(t *testing.T)  { testHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestHeavyForkedSync67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestHeavyForkedSync67Light(t *testing.T) { testHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testHeavyForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -608,9 +597,6 @@ func testHeavyForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestBoundedForkedSync68Full(t *testing.T)  { testBoundedForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestBoundedForkedSync68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testBoundedForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestBoundedForkedSync68Light(t *testing.T) { testBoundedForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestBoundedForkedSync67Full(t *testing.T)  { testBoundedForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestBoundedForkedSync67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testBoundedForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestBoundedForkedSync67Light(t *testing.T) { testBoundedForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testBoundedForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -645,15 +631,6 @@ func TestBoundedHeavyForkedSync68Snap(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBoundedHeavyForkedSync68Light(t *testing.T) {
 	testBoundedHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync)
 }
-func TestBoundedHeavyForkedSync67Full(t *testing.T) {
-	testBoundedHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync)
-}
-func TestBoundedHeavyForkedSync67Snap(t *testing.T) {
-	testBoundedHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync)
-}
-func TestBoundedHeavyForkedSync67Light(t *testing.T) {
-	testBoundedHeavyForkedSync(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync)
-}
 
 func testBoundedHeavyForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -681,9 +658,6 @@ func testBoundedHeavyForkedSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestCancel68Full(t *testing.T)  { testCancel(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestCancel68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testCancel(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestCancel68Light(t *testing.T) { testCancel(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestCancel67Full(t *testing.T)  { testCancel(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestCancel67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testCancel(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestCancel67Light(t *testing.T) { testCancel(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testCancel(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -711,9 +685,6 @@ func testCancel(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestMultiSynchronisation68Full(t *testing.T)  { testMultiSynchronisation(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestMultiSynchronisation68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testMultiSynchronisation(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestMultiSynchronisation68Light(t *testing.T) { testMultiSynchronisation(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestMultiSynchronisation67Full(t *testing.T)  { testMultiSynchronisation(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestMultiSynchronisation67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testMultiSynchronisation(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestMultiSynchronisation67Light(t *testing.T) { testMultiSynchronisation(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testMultiSynchronisation(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -738,9 +709,6 @@ func testMultiSynchronisation(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestMultiProtoSynchronisation68Full(t *testing.T)  { testMultiProtoSync(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestMultiProtoSynchronisation68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testMultiProtoSync(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestMultiProtoSynchronisation68Light(t *testing.T) { testMultiProtoSync(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestMultiProtoSynchronisation67Full(t *testing.T)  { testMultiProtoSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestMultiProtoSynchronisation67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testMultiProtoSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestMultiProtoSynchronisation67Light(t *testing.T) { testMultiProtoSync(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testMultiProtoSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -751,7 +719,6 @@ func testMultiProtoSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 
 	// Create peers of every type
 	tester.newPeer("peer 68", eth.ETH68, chain.blocks[1:])
-	tester.newPeer("peer 67", eth.ETH67, chain.blocks[1:])
 
 	// Synchronise with the requested peer and make sure all blocks were retrieved
 	if err := tester.sync(fmt.Sprintf("peer %d", protocol), nil, mode); err != nil {
@@ -760,7 +727,7 @@ func testMultiProtoSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	assertOwnChain(t, tester, len(chain.blocks))
 
 	// Check that no peers have been dropped off
-	for _, version := range []int{68, 67} {
+	for _, version := range []int{68} {
 		peer := fmt.Sprintf("peer %d", version)
 		if _, ok := tester.peers[peer]; !ok {
 			t.Errorf("%s dropped", peer)
@@ -773,9 +740,6 @@ func testMultiProtoSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestEmptyShortCircuit68Full(t *testing.T)  { testEmptyShortCircuit(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestEmptyShortCircuit68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testEmptyShortCircuit(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestEmptyShortCircuit68Light(t *testing.T) { testEmptyShortCircuit(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestEmptyShortCircuit67Full(t *testing.T)  { testEmptyShortCircuit(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestEmptyShortCircuit67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testEmptyShortCircuit(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestEmptyShortCircuit67Light(t *testing.T) { testEmptyShortCircuit(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testEmptyShortCircuit(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -824,9 +788,6 @@ func testEmptyShortCircuit(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestMissingHeaderAttack68Full(t *testing.T)  { testMissingHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestMissingHeaderAttack68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testMissingHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestMissingHeaderAttack68Light(t *testing.T) { testMissingHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestMissingHeaderAttack67Full(t *testing.T)  { testMissingHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestMissingHeaderAttack67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testMissingHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestMissingHeaderAttack67Light(t *testing.T) { testMissingHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testMissingHeaderAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -853,9 +814,6 @@ func testMissingHeaderAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestShiftedHeaderAttack68Full(t *testing.T)  { testShiftedHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestShiftedHeaderAttack68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testShiftedHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestShiftedHeaderAttack68Light(t *testing.T) { testShiftedHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestShiftedHeaderAttack67Full(t *testing.T)  { testShiftedHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestShiftedHeaderAttack67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testShiftedHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestShiftedHeaderAttack67Light(t *testing.T) { testShiftedHeaderAttack(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testShiftedHeaderAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -889,15 +847,6 @@ func TestHighTDStarvationAttack68Snap(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHighTDStarvationAttack68Light(t *testing.T) {
 	testHighTDStarvationAttack(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync)
 }
-func TestHighTDStarvationAttack67Full(t *testing.T) {
-	testHighTDStarvationAttack(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync)
-}
-func TestHighTDStarvationAttack67Snap(t *testing.T) {
-	testHighTDStarvationAttack(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync)
-}
-func TestHighTDStarvationAttack67Light(t *testing.T) {
-	testHighTDStarvationAttack(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync)
-}
 
 func testHighTDStarvationAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -912,7 +861,6 @@ func testHighTDStarvationAttack(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 
 // Tests that misbehaving peers are disconnected, whilst behaving ones are not.
 func TestBlockHeaderAttackerDropping68(t *testing.T) { testBlockHeaderAttackerDropping(t, eth.ETH68) }
-func TestBlockHeaderAttackerDropping67(t *testing.T) { testBlockHeaderAttackerDropping(t, eth.ETH67) }
 
 func testBlockHeaderAttackerDropping(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 	// Define the disconnection requirement for individual hash fetch errors
@@ -963,9 +911,6 @@ func testBlockHeaderAttackerDropping(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 func TestSyncProgress68Full(t *testing.T)  { testSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestSyncProgress68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestSyncProgress68Light(t *testing.T) { testSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestSyncProgress67Full(t *testing.T)  { testSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestSyncProgress67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestSyncProgress67Light(t *testing.T) { testSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testSyncProgress(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -1043,9 +988,6 @@ func checkProgress(t *testing.T, d *Downloader, stage string, want ethereum.Sync
 func TestForkedSyncProgress68Full(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestForkedSyncProgress68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestForkedSyncProgress68Light(t *testing.T) { testForkedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestForkedSyncProgress67Full(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestForkedSyncProgress67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testForkedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestForkedSyncProgress67Light(t *testing.T) { testForkedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testForkedSyncProgress(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -1117,9 +1059,6 @@ func testForkedSyncProgress(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestFailedSyncProgress68Full(t *testing.T)  { testFailedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestFailedSyncProgress68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testFailedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestFailedSyncProgress68Light(t *testing.T) { testFailedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestFailedSyncProgress67Full(t *testing.T)  { testFailedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestFailedSyncProgress67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testFailedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestFailedSyncProgress67Light(t *testing.T) { testFailedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testFailedSyncProgress(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -1186,9 +1125,6 @@ func testFailedSyncProgress(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 func TestFakedSyncProgress68Full(t *testing.T)  { testFakedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestFakedSyncProgress68Snap(t *testing.T)  { testFakedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
 func TestFakedSyncProgress68Light(t *testing.T) { testFakedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH68, LightSync) }
-func TestFakedSyncProgress67Full(t *testing.T)  { testFakedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestFakedSyncProgress67Snap(t *testing.T)  { testFakedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
-func TestFakedSyncProgress67Light(t *testing.T) { testFakedSyncProgress(t, eth.ETH67, LightSync) }
 
 func testFakedSyncProgress(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	tester := newTester(t)
@@ -1332,8 +1268,6 @@ func TestRemoteHeaderRequestSpan(t *testing.T) {
 // being fast-synced from, avoiding potential cheap eclipse attacks.
 func TestBeaconSync68Full(t *testing.T) { testBeaconSync(t, eth.ETH68, FullSync) }
 func TestBeaconSync68Snap(t *testing.T) { testBeaconSync(t, eth.ETH68, SnapSync) }
-func TestBeaconSync67Full(t *testing.T) { testBeaconSync(t, eth.ETH67, FullSync) }
-func TestBeaconSync67Snap(t *testing.T) { testBeaconSync(t, eth.ETH67, SnapSync) }
 
 func testBeaconSync(t *testing.T, protocol uint, mode SyncMode) {
 	//log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlInfo, log.StreamHandler(os.Stderr, log.TerminalFormat(true))))

eth/downloader/skeleton.go

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ type backfiller interface {
 	// on initial startup.
 	//
 	// The method should return the last block header that has been successfully
-	// backfilled, or nil if the backfiller was not resumed.
+	// backfilled (in the current or a previous run), falling back to the genesis.
 	suspend() *types.Header
 
 	// resume requests the backfiller to start running fill or snap sync based on
@@ -382,7 +382,11 @@ func (s *skeleton) sync(head *types.Header) (*types.Header, error) {
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
 			defer close(done)
-			if filled := s.filler.suspend(); filled != nil {
+			filled := s.filler.suspend()
+			if filled == nil {
+				log.Error("Latest filled block is not available")
+				return
+			}
 			// If something was filled, try to delete stale sync helpers. If
 			// unsuccessful, warn the user, but not much else we can do (it's
 			// a programming error, just let users report an issue and don't
@@ -390,7 +394,6 @@ func (s *skeleton) sync(head *types.Header) (*types.Header, error) {
 			if err := s.cleanStales(filled); err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to clean stale beacon headers", "err", err)
 			}
-			}
 		}()
 		// Wait for the suspend to finish, consuming head events in the meantime
 		// and dropping them on the floor.
@@ -1120,26 +1123,38 @@ func (s *skeleton) cleanStales(filled *types.Header) error {
 	number := filled.Number.Uint64()
 	log.Trace("Cleaning stale beacon headers", "filled", number, "hash", filled.Hash())
 
-	// If the filled header is below the linked subchain, something's
+	// If the filled header is below the linked subchain, something's corrupted
-	// corrupted internally. Report and error and refuse to do anything.
+	// internally. Report and error and refuse to do anything.
-	if number < s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail {
+	if number+1 < s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail {
 		return fmt.Errorf("filled header below beacon header tail: %d < %d", number, s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail)
 	}
-	// Subchain seems trimmable, push the tail forward up to the last
+	// If nothing in subchain is filled, don't bother to do cleanup.
-	// filled header and delete everything before it - if available. In
+	if number+1 == s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail {
-	// case we filled past the head, recreate the subchain with a new
+		return nil
-	// head to keep it consistent with the data on disk.
+	}
 	var (
-		start = s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail // start deleting from the first known header
+		start uint64
-		end   = number                       // delete until the requested threshold
+		end   uint64
 		batch = s.db.NewBatch()
 	)
-	s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail = number
+	if number < s.progress.Subchains[0].Head {
+		// The skeleton chain is partially consumed, set the new tail as filled+1.
+		tail := rawdb.ReadSkeletonHeader(s.db, number+1)
+		if tail.ParentHash != filled.Hash() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("filled header is discontinuous with subchain: %d %s, please file an issue", number, filled.Hash())
+		}
+		start, end = s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail, number+1 // remove headers in [tail, filled]
+		s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail = tail.Number.Uint64()
+		s.progress.Subchains[0].Next = tail.ParentHash
+	} else {
+		// The skeleton chain is fully consumed, set both head and tail as filled.
+		start, end = s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail, filled.Number.Uint64() // remove headers in [tail, filled)
+		s.progress.Subchains[0].Tail = filled.Number.Uint64()
 		s.progress.Subchains[0].Next = filled.ParentHash
 
-	if s.progress.Subchains[0].Head < number {
+		// If more headers were filled than available, push the entire subchain
-		// If more headers were filled than available, push the entire
+		// forward to keep tracking the node's block imports.
-		// subchain forward to keep tracking the node's block imports
+		if number > s.progress.Subchains[0].Head {
 			end = s.progress.Subchains[0].Head + 1 // delete the entire original range, including the head
 			s.progress.Subchains[0].Head = number  // assign a new head (tail is already assigned to this)
 
@@ -1148,6 +1163,7 @@ func (s *skeleton) cleanStales(filled *types.Header) error {
 			// disk to keep internal state consistent.
 			rawdb.WriteSkeletonHeader(batch, filled)
 		}
+	}
 	// Execute the trimming and the potential rewiring of the progress
 	s.saveSyncStatus(batch)
 	for n := start; n < end; n++ {

eth/downloader/skeleton_test.go

@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ func TestSkeletonSyncRetrievals(t *testing.T) {
 		// Create a peer set to feed headers through
 		peerset := newPeerSet()
 		for _, peer := range tt.peers {
-			peerset.Register(newPeerConnection(peer.id, eth.ETH67, peer, log.New("id", peer.id)))
+			peerset.Register(newPeerConnection(peer.id, eth.ETH68, peer, log.New("id", peer.id)))
 		}
 		// Create a peer dropper to track malicious peers
 		dropped := make(map[string]int)
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ func TestSkeletonSyncRetrievals(t *testing.T) {
 			skeleton.Sync(tt.newHead, nil, true)
 		}
 		if tt.newPeer != nil {
-			if err := peerset.Register(newPeerConnection(tt.newPeer.id, eth.ETH67, tt.newPeer, log.New("id", tt.newPeer.id))); err != nil {
+			if err := peerset.Register(newPeerConnection(tt.newPeer.id, eth.ETH68, tt.newPeer, log.New("id", tt.newPeer.id))); err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("test %d: failed to register new peer: %v", i, err)
 			}
 		}

eth/gasprice/feehistory.go

@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ func (oracle *Oracle) FeeHistory(ctx context.Context, blocks uint64, unresolvedL
 		if p < 0 || p > 100 {
 			return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %f", errInvalidPercentile, p)
 		}
-		if i > 0 && p < rewardPercentiles[i-1] {
+		if i > 0 && p <= rewardPercentiles[i-1] {
-			return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: #%d:%f > #%d:%f", errInvalidPercentile, i-1, rewardPercentiles[i-1], i, p)
+			return common.Big0, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: #%d:%f >= #%d:%f", errInvalidPercentile, i-1, rewardPercentiles[i-1], i, p)
 		}
 	}
 	var (

eth/handler_eth.go

@@ -67,10 +67,7 @@ func (h *ethHandler) Handle(peer *eth.Peer, packet eth.Packet) error {
 	case *eth.NewBlockPacket:
 		return h.handleBlockBroadcast(peer, packet.Block, packet.TD)
 
-	case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67:
+	case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket:
-		return h.txFetcher.Notify(peer.ID(), nil, nil, *packet)
-
-	case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68:
 		return h.txFetcher.Notify(peer.ID(), packet.Types, packet.Sizes, packet.Hashes)
 
 	case *eth.TransactionsPacket:

eth/handler_eth_test.go

@@ -58,11 +58,7 @@ func (h *testEthHandler) Handle(peer *eth.Peer, packet eth.Packet) error {
 		h.blockBroadcasts.Send(packet.Block)
 		return nil
 
-	case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67:
+	case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket:
-		h.txAnnounces.Send(([]common.Hash)(*packet))
-		return nil
-
-	case *eth.NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68:
 		h.txAnnounces.Send(packet.Hashes)
 		return nil
 
@@ -81,7 +77,6 @@ func (h *testEthHandler) Handle(peer *eth.Peer, packet eth.Packet) error {
 
 // Tests that peers are correctly accepted (or rejected) based on the advertised
 // fork IDs in the protocol handshake.
-func TestForkIDSplit67(t *testing.T) { testForkIDSplit(t, eth.ETH67) }
 func TestForkIDSplit68(t *testing.T) { testForkIDSplit(t, eth.ETH68) }
 
 func testForkIDSplit(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
@@ -236,7 +231,6 @@ func testForkIDSplit(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 }
 
 // Tests that received transactions are added to the local pool.
-func TestRecvTransactions67(t *testing.T) { testRecvTransactions(t, eth.ETH67) }
 func TestRecvTransactions68(t *testing.T) { testRecvTransactions(t, eth.ETH68) }
 
 func testRecvTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
@@ -294,7 +288,6 @@ func testRecvTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 }
 
 // This test checks that pending transactions are sent.
-func TestSendTransactions67(t *testing.T) { testSendTransactions(t, eth.ETH67) }
 func TestSendTransactions68(t *testing.T) { testSendTransactions(t, eth.ETH68) }
 
 func testSendTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
@@ -353,7 +346,7 @@ func testSendTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 	seen := make(map[common.Hash]struct{})
 	for len(seen) < len(insert) {
 		switch protocol {
-		case 67, 68:
+		case 68:
 			select {
 			case hashes := <-anns:
 				for _, hash := range hashes {
@@ -379,7 +372,6 @@ func testSendTransactions(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 
 // Tests that transactions get propagated to all attached peers, either via direct
 // broadcasts or via announcements/retrievals.
-func TestTransactionPropagation67(t *testing.T) { testTransactionPropagation(t, eth.ETH67) }
 func TestTransactionPropagation68(t *testing.T) { testTransactionPropagation(t, eth.ETH68) }
 
 func testTransactionPropagation(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
@@ -486,8 +478,8 @@ func testBroadcastBlock(t *testing.T, peers, bcasts int) {
 		defer sourcePipe.Close()
 		defer sinkPipe.Close()
 
-		sourcePeer := eth.NewPeer(eth.ETH67, p2p.NewPeerPipe(enode.ID{byte(i)}, "", nil, sourcePipe), sourcePipe, nil)
+		sourcePeer := eth.NewPeer(eth.ETH68, p2p.NewPeerPipe(enode.ID{byte(i)}, "", nil, sourcePipe), sourcePipe, nil)
-		sinkPeer := eth.NewPeer(eth.ETH67, p2p.NewPeerPipe(enode.ID{0}, "", nil, sinkPipe), sinkPipe, nil)
+		sinkPeer := eth.NewPeer(eth.ETH68, p2p.NewPeerPipe(enode.ID{0}, "", nil, sinkPipe), sinkPipe, nil)
 		defer sourcePeer.Close()
 		defer sinkPeer.Close()
 
@@ -539,7 +531,6 @@ func testBroadcastBlock(t *testing.T, peers, bcasts int) {
 
 // Tests that a propagated malformed block (uncles or transactions don't match
 // with the hashes in the header) gets discarded and not broadcast forward.
-func TestBroadcastMalformedBlock67(t *testing.T) { testBroadcastMalformedBlock(t, eth.ETH67) }
 func TestBroadcastMalformedBlock68(t *testing.T) { testBroadcastMalformedBlock(t, eth.ETH68) }
 
 func testBroadcastMalformedBlock(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {

eth/protocols/eth/broadcast.go

@@ -163,17 +163,10 @@ func (p *Peer) announceTransactions() {
 			if len(pending) > 0 {
 				done = make(chan struct{})
 				go func() {
-					if p.version >= ETH68 {
+					if err := p.sendPooledTransactionHashes(pending, pendingTypes, pendingSizes); err != nil {
-						if err := p.sendPooledTransactionHashes68(pending, pendingTypes, pendingSizes); err != nil {
 						fail <- err
 						return
 					}
-					} else {
-						if err := p.sendPooledTransactionHashes66(pending); err != nil {
-							fail <- err
-							return
-						}
-					}
 					close(done)
 					p.Log().Trace("Sent transaction announcements", "count", len(pending))
 				}()

eth/protocols/eth/handler.go

@@ -93,10 +93,6 @@ type TxPool interface {
 func MakeProtocols(backend Backend, network uint64, dnsdisc enode.Iterator) []p2p.Protocol {
 	protocols := make([]p2p.Protocol, 0, len(ProtocolVersions))
 	for _, version := range ProtocolVersions {
-		// Blob transactions require eth/68 announcements, disable everything else
-		if version <= ETH67 && backend.Chain().Config().CancunTime != nil {
-			continue
-		}
 		version := version // Closure
 
 		protocols = append(protocols, p2p.Protocol{
@@ -166,26 +162,11 @@ type Decoder interface {
 	Time() time.Time
 }
 
-var eth67 = map[uint64]msgHandler{
-	NewBlockHashesMsg:             handleNewBlockhashes,
-	NewBlockMsg:                   handleNewBlock,
-	TransactionsMsg:               handleTransactions,
-	NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg: handleNewPooledTransactionHashes67,
-	GetBlockHeadersMsg:            handleGetBlockHeaders,
-	BlockHeadersMsg:               handleBlockHeaders,
-	GetBlockBodiesMsg:             handleGetBlockBodies,
-	BlockBodiesMsg:                handleBlockBodies,
-	GetReceiptsMsg:                handleGetReceipts,
-	ReceiptsMsg:                   handleReceipts,
-	GetPooledTransactionsMsg:      handleGetPooledTransactions,
-	PooledTransactionsMsg:         handlePooledTransactions,
-}
-
 var eth68 = map[uint64]msgHandler{
 	NewBlockHashesMsg:             handleNewBlockhashes,
 	NewBlockMsg:                   handleNewBlock,
 	TransactionsMsg:               handleTransactions,
-	NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg: handleNewPooledTransactionHashes68,
+	NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg: handleNewPooledTransactionHashes,
 	GetBlockHeadersMsg:            handleGetBlockHeaders,
 	BlockHeadersMsg:               handleBlockHeaders,
 	GetBlockBodiesMsg:             handleGetBlockBodies,
@@ -209,10 +190,8 @@ func handleMessage(backend Backend, peer *Peer) error {
 	}
 	defer msg.Discard()
 
-	var handlers = eth67
+	var handlers = eth68
-	if peer.Version() >= ETH68 {
+
-		handlers = eth68
-	}
 	// Track the amount of time it takes to serve the request and run the handler
 	if metrics.Enabled {
 		h := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%d/%#02x", p2p.HandleHistName, ProtocolName, peer.Version(), msg.Code)

eth/protocols/eth/handler_test.go

@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ func (b *testBackend) Handle(*Peer, Packet) error {
 }
 
 // Tests that block headers can be retrieved from a remote chain based on user queries.
-func TestGetBlockHeaders67(t *testing.T) { testGetBlockHeaders(t, ETH67) }
 func TestGetBlockHeaders68(t *testing.T) { testGetBlockHeaders(t, ETH68) }
 
 func testGetBlockHeaders(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
@@ -336,7 +335,6 @@ func testGetBlockHeaders(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 }
 
 // Tests that block contents can be retrieved from a remote chain based on their hashes.
-func TestGetBlockBodies67(t *testing.T) { testGetBlockBodies(t, ETH67) }
 func TestGetBlockBodies68(t *testing.T) { testGetBlockBodies(t, ETH68) }
 
 func testGetBlockBodies(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
@@ -431,7 +429,6 @@ func testGetBlockBodies(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {
 }
 
 // Tests that the transaction receipts can be retrieved based on hashes.
-func TestGetBlockReceipts67(t *testing.T) { testGetBlockReceipts(t, ETH67) }
 func TestGetBlockReceipts68(t *testing.T) { testGetBlockReceipts(t, ETH68) }
 
 func testGetBlockReceipts(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {

eth/protocols/eth/handlers.go

@@ -383,30 +383,13 @@ func handleReceipts(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error {
 	}, metadata)
 }
 
-func handleNewPooledTransactionHashes67(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error {
+func handleNewPooledTransactionHashes(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error {
 	// New transaction announcement arrived, make sure we have
 	// a valid and fresh chain to handle them
 	if !backend.AcceptTxs() {
 		return nil
 	}
-	ann := new(NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67)
+	ann := new(NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket)
-	if err := msg.Decode(ann); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: message %v: %v", errDecode, msg, err)
-	}
-	// Schedule all the unknown hashes for retrieval
-	for _, hash := range *ann {
-		peer.markTransaction(hash)
-	}
-	return backend.Handle(peer, ann)
-}
-
-func handleNewPooledTransactionHashes68(backend Backend, msg Decoder, peer *Peer) error {
-	// New transaction announcement arrived, make sure we have
-	// a valid and fresh chain to handle them
-	if !backend.AcceptTxs() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	ann := new(NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68)
 	if err := msg.Decode(ann); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: message %v: %v", errDecode, msg, err)
 	}

eth/protocols/eth/handshake_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Tests that handshake failures are detected and reported correctly.
-func TestHandshake67(t *testing.T) { testHandshake(t, ETH67) }
 func TestHandshake68(t *testing.T) { testHandshake(t, ETH68) }
 
 func testHandshake(t *testing.T, protocol uint) {

eth/protocols/eth/peer.go

@@ -210,29 +210,17 @@ func (p *Peer) AsyncSendTransactions(hashes []common.Hash) {
 	}
 }
 
-// sendPooledTransactionHashes66 sends transaction hashes to the peer and includes
+// sendPooledTransactionHashes sends transaction hashes (tagged with their type
-// them in its transaction hash set for future reference.
-//
-// This method is a helper used by the async transaction announcer. Don't call it
-// directly as the queueing (memory) and transmission (bandwidth) costs should
-// not be managed directly.
-func (p *Peer) sendPooledTransactionHashes66(hashes []common.Hash) error {
-	// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
-	p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)
-	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg, NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67(hashes))
-}
-
-// sendPooledTransactionHashes68 sends transaction hashes (tagged with their type
 // and size) to the peer and includes them in its transaction hash set for future
 // reference.
 //
 // This method is a helper used by the async transaction announcer. Don't call it
 // directly as the queueing (memory) and transmission (bandwidth) costs should
 // not be managed directly.
-func (p *Peer) sendPooledTransactionHashes68(hashes []common.Hash, types []byte, sizes []uint32) error {
+func (p *Peer) sendPooledTransactionHashes(hashes []common.Hash, types []byte, sizes []uint32) error {
 	// Mark all the transactions as known, but ensure we don't overflow our limits
 	p.knownTxs.Add(hashes...)
-	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg, NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68{Types: types, Sizes: sizes, Hashes: hashes})
+	return p2p.Send(p.rw, NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg, NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket{Types: types, Sizes: sizes, Hashes: hashes})
 }
 
 // AsyncSendPooledTransactionHashes queues a list of transactions hashes to eventually

eth/protocols/eth/protocol.go

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import (
 
 // Constants to match up protocol versions and messages
 const (
-	ETH67 = 67
 	ETH68 = 68
 )
 
@@ -40,11 +39,11 @@ const ProtocolName = "eth"
 
 // ProtocolVersions are the supported versions of the `eth` protocol (first
 // is primary).
-var ProtocolVersions = []uint{ETH68, ETH67}
+var ProtocolVersions = []uint{ETH68}
 
 // protocolLengths are the number of implemented message corresponding to
 // different protocol versions.
-var protocolLengths = map[uint]uint64{ETH68: 17, ETH67: 17}
+var protocolLengths = map[uint]uint64{ETH68: 17}
 
 // maxMessageSize is the maximum cap on the size of a protocol message.
 const maxMessageSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024
@@ -283,11 +282,8 @@ type ReceiptsRLPPacket struct {
 	ReceiptsRLPResponse
 }
 
-// NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67 represents a transaction announcement packet on eth/67.
+// NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket represents a transaction announcement packet on eth/68 and newer.
-type NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67 []common.Hash
+type NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket struct {
-
-// NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68 represents a transaction announcement packet on eth/68 and newer.
-type NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68 struct {
 	Types  []byte
 	Sizes  []uint32
 	Hashes []common.Hash
@@ -346,10 +342,8 @@ func (*BlockBodiesResponse) Kind() byte   { return BlockBodiesMsg }
 func (*NewBlockPacket) Name() string { return "NewBlock" }
 func (*NewBlockPacket) Kind() byte   { return NewBlockMsg }
 
-func (*NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67) Name() string { return "NewPooledTransactionHashes" }
+func (*NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket) Name() string { return "NewPooledTransactionHashes" }
-func (*NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket67) Kind() byte   { return NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg }
+func (*NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket) Kind() byte   { return NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg }
-func (*NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68) Name() string { return "NewPooledTransactionHashes" }
-func (*NewPooledTransactionHashesPacket68) Kind() byte   { return NewPooledTransactionHashesMsg }
 
 func (*GetPooledTransactionsRequest) Name() string { return "GetPooledTransactions" }
 func (*GetPooledTransactionsRequest) Kind() byte   { return GetPooledTransactionsMsg }

eth/sync_test.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Tests that snap sync is disabled after a successful sync cycle.
-func TestSnapSyncDisabling67(t *testing.T) { testSnapSyncDisabling(t, eth.ETH67, snap.SNAP1) }
 func TestSnapSyncDisabling68(t *testing.T) { testSnapSyncDisabling(t, eth.ETH68, snap.SNAP1) }
 
 // Tests that snap sync gets disabled as soon as a real block is successfully

eth/tracers/js/internal/tracers/call_tracer_legacy.js

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
 		return this.finalize(result);
 	},
 
-	// finalize recreates a call object using the final desired field oder for json
+	// finalize recreates a call object using the final desired field order for json
 	// serialization. This is a nicety feature to pass meaningfully ordered results
 	// to users who don't interpret it, just display it.
 	finalize: function(call) {

eth/tracers/tracers_test.go

@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ func TestMemCopying(t *testing.T) {
 		{0, 100, 0, "", 0},      // No need to pad (0 size)
 		{100, 50, 100, "", 100}, // Should pad 100-150
 		{100, 50, 5, "", 5},     // Wanted range fully within memory
-		{100, -50, 0, "offset or size must not be negative", 0},                        // Errror
+		{100, -50, 0, "offset or size must not be negative", 0},                        // Error
-		{0, 1, 1024*1024 + 1, "reached limit for padding memory slice: 1048578", 0},    // Errror
+		{0, 1, 1024*1024 + 1, "reached limit for padding memory slice: 1048578", 0},    // Error
-		{10, 0, 1024*1024 + 100, "reached limit for padding memory slice: 1048666", 0}, // Errror
+		{10, 0, 1024*1024 + 100, "reached limit for padding memory slice: 1048666", 0}, // Error
 
 	} {
 		mem := vm.NewMemory()

ethclient/simulated/backend_test.go

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func newTx(sim *Backend, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 
 	// create a signed transaction to send
 	head, _ := client.HeaderByNumber(context.Background(), nil) // Should be child's, good enough
-	gasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, big.NewInt(1))
+	gasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(head.BaseFee, big.NewInt(params.GWei))
 	addr := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
 	chainid, _ := client.ChainID(context.Background())
 	nonce, err := client.PendingNonceAt(context.Background(), addr)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func newTx(sim *Backend, key *ecdsa.PrivateKey) (*types.Transaction, error) {
 	tx := types.NewTx(&types.DynamicFeeTx{
 		ChainID:   chainid,
 		Nonce:     nonce,
-		GasTipCap: big.NewInt(1),
+		GasTipCap: big.NewInt(params.GWei),
 		GasFeeCap: gasPrice,
 		Gas:       21000,
 		To:        &addr,

ethclient/simulated/options.go

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package simulated
 
 import (
+	"math/big"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/ethconfig"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
 )
@@ -37,3 +39,17 @@ func WithCallGasLimit(gaslimit uint64) func(nodeConf *node.Config, ethConf *ethc
 		ethConf.RPCGasCap = gaslimit
 	}
 }
+
+// WithMinerMinTip configures the simulated backend to require a specific minimum
+// gas tip for a transaction to be included.
+//
+// 0 is not possible as a live Geth node would reject that due to DoS protection,
+// so the simulated backend will replicate that behavior for consistency.
+func WithMinerMinTip(tip *big.Int) func(nodeConf *node.Config, ethConf *ethconfig.Config) {
+	if tip == nil || tip.Cmp(new(big.Int)) <= 0 {
+		panic("invalid miner minimum tip")
+	}
+	return func(nodeConf *node.Config, ethConf *ethconfig.Config) {
+		ethConf.Miner.GasPrice = tip
+	}
+}

go.mod

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/dop251/goja v0.0.0-20230806174421-c933cf95e127
 	github.com/ethereum/c-kzg-4844 v0.4.0
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
+	github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.2
 	github.com/fjl/gencodec v0.0.0-20230517082657-f9840df7b83e
-	github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.0-20190710130421-bcb5799ab5e5
+	github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.2
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.6.0
 	github.com/gballet/go-libpcsclite v0.0.0-20190607065134-2772fd86a8ff
 	github.com/gballet/go-verkle v0.1.1-0.20231031103413-a67434b50f46
@@ -114,10 +115,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/kilic/bls12-381 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.15 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.13 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182affec369 // indirect
+	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/pointerstructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mmcloughlin/addchain v0.4.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -187,10 +187,12 @@ github.com/fasthttp-contrib/websocket v0.0.0-20160511215533-1f3b11f56072/go.mod
 github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 h1:8LOYc1KYPPmyKMuN8QV2DNRWNbLo6LZ0iLs8+mlH53w=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0/go.mod h1:kLAiJbzzSOZDVNGyDpeOxJ47H46qBXwg5ILebYFFOfk=
 github.com/fatih/structs v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9NiDSp5zOcgEDl+j00MP/WkGVPOlPRLejGD8Ga6PJ7M=
+github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.2 h1:Dky6dXlngF6Qjc+EfDipAkE83N5I5DE68bY6O0VLNPk=
+github.com/ferranbt/fastssz v0.1.2/go.mod h1:X5UPrE2u1UJjxHA8X54u04SBwdAQjG2sFtWs39YxyWs=
 github.com/fjl/gencodec v0.0.0-20230517082657-f9840df7b83e h1:bBLctRc7kr01YGvaDfgLbTwjFNW5jdp5y5rj8XXBHfY=
 github.com/fjl/gencodec v0.0.0-20230517082657-f9840df7b83e/go.mod h1:AzA8Lj6YtixmJWL+wkKoBGsLWy9gFrAzi4g+5bCKwpY=
-github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.0-20190710130421-bcb5799ab5e5 h1:FtmdgXiUlNeRsoNMFlKLDt+S+6hbjVMEW6RGQ7aUf7c=
+github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.2 h1:27txuSD9or+NZlnOWdKUxeBzTAUkWCVh+4Gf2dWFOzA=
-github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.0-20190710130421-bcb5799ab5e5/go.mod h1:VvhXpOYNQvB+uIk2RvXzuaQtkQJzzIx6lSBe1xv7hi0=
+github.com/fjl/memsize v0.0.2/go.mod h1:VvhXpOYNQvB+uIk2RvXzuaQtkQJzzIx6lSBe1xv7hi0=
 github.com/flosch/pongo2 v0.0.0-20190707114632-bbf5a6c351f4/go.mod h1:T9YF2M40nIgbVgp3rreNmTged+9HrbNTIQf1PsaIiTA=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9/go.mod h1:znqG4EE+3YCdAaPaxE2ZRY/06pZUdp0tY4IgpuI1SZQ=
@@ -221,7 +223,6 @@ github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.3.0/go.mod h1:Qt1PoO58o5twSAckw1HlFXLmHsOX5/0LbT9
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0/go.mod h1:wCYkCAKZfumFQihp8CzCvQ3paCTfi41vtzG1KdI/P7A=
 github.com/go-martini/martini v0.0.0-20170121215854-22fa46961aab/go.mod h1:/P9AEU963A2AYjv4d1V5eVL1CQbEJq6aCNHDDjibzu8=
-github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.5 h1:t4MGB5xEDZvXI+0rMjjsfBsD7yAgp/s9ZDkL1JndXwY=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.5/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiUsvbm0=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 h1:Dt6ye7+vXGIKZ7Xtk4s6/xVdGDQynvom7xCFEdWr6uE=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0/go.mod h1:5LS6F96DhAwUc7C+1HLexzMXY1xGRSryjyPPKW6zv78=
@@ -400,6 +401,9 @@ github.com/klauspost/compress v1.9.0/go.mod h1:RyIbtBH6LamlWaDj8nUwkbUhJ87Yi3uG0
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.15 h1:EF27CXIuDsYJ6mmvtBRlEuB2UVOqHG1tAXgZ7yIO+lw=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.15.15/go.mod h1:ZcK2JAFqKOpnBlxcLsJzYfrS9X1akm9fHZNnD9+Vo/4=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.1/go.mod h1:Pj4uuM528wm8OyEC2QMXAi2YiTZ96dNQPGgoMS4s3ek=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:FInQzS24/EEf25PyTYn52gqo7WaD8xa0213Md/qVLRg=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9 h1:lgaqFMSdTdQYdZ04uHyN2d/eKdOMyi2YLSvlQIBFYa4=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9/go.mod h1:FInQzS24/EEf25PyTYn52gqo7WaD8xa0213Md/qVLRg=
 github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
 github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.3/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
 github.com/kr/logfmt v0.0.0-20140226030751-b84e30acd515/go.mod h1:+0opPa2QZZtGFBFZlji/RkVcI2GknAs/DXo4wKdlNEc=
@@ -447,6 +451,8 @@ github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182aff
 github.com/mediocregopher/mediocre-go-lib v0.0.0-20181029021733-cb65787f37ed/go.mod h1:dSsfyI2zABAdhcbvkXqgxOxrCsbYeHCPgrZkku60dSg=
 github.com/mediocregopher/radix/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:EmfVyvspXz1uZEyPBMyGK+kjWiKQGvsUt6O3Pj+LDCQ=
 github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.2/go.mod h1:iVP4YcDBq+n/5fb23BhYFvIMq/leAFZyRl6bYmGDlGc=
+github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.0 h1:v1ta+49hkWZyvaKwrQB8elexRqm6Y0aMLjCNsrYxo6g=
+github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.0/go.mod h1:OuYzVNI5vcoYIAmbIvHPl3N3jUzVedXbKy5RFepssQM=
 github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0/go.mod h1:SfyaCUpYCn1Vlf4IUYiD9fPX4A5wJrkLzIz1N1q0pr0=
 github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.1.2/go.mod h1:FVVH3fgwuzCH5S8UJGiWEs2h04kUh9fWfEaFds41c1Y=
 github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.4.1 h1:CpVNEelQCZBooIPDn+AR3NpivK/TIKU8bDxdASFVQag=
@@ -524,6 +530,7 @@ github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.3 h1:4jVXhlkAyzOScmCkXBTOLRLTz8EeU+eyjrwB/EPq0
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.7.3/go.mod h1:cz+aTbrPOrUb4q7XlbU9ygM+/jj0fzG6c1xBZuNvfVA=
 github.com/protolambda/bls12-381-util v0.0.0-20220416220906-d8552aa452c7 h1:cZC+usqsYgHtlBaGulVnZ1hfKAi8iWtujBnRLQE698c=
 github.com/protolambda/bls12-381-util v0.0.0-20220416220906-d8552aa452c7/go.mod h1:IToEjHuttnUzwZI5KBSM/LOOW3qLbbrHOEfp3SbECGY=
+github.com/prysmaticlabs/gohashtree v0.0.1-alpha.0.20220714111606-acbb2962fb48 h1:cSo6/vk8YpvkLbk9v3FO97cakNmUoxwi2KMP8hd5WIw=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0 h1:S1pD9weZBuJdFmowNwbpi7BJ8TNftyUImj/0WQi72jY=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M8bDsm7K2OlrFYOpmOWEs/qY81heoFRclV5y23lUDJ4=
@@ -777,8 +784,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.11.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0 h1:h48lPFYpsTvQJZF4EKyI4aLHaev3CxivZmv7yZig9pc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.16.0 h1:xWw16ngr6ZMtmxDyKyIgsE93KNKz5HKmMa3b8ALHidU=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.16.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=

internal/build/download.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func MustLoadChecksums(file string) *ChecksumDB {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal("can't load checksum file: " + err.Error())
 	}
-	return &ChecksumDB{strings.Split(string(content), "\n")}
+	return &ChecksumDB{strings.Split(strings.ReplaceAll(string(content), "\r\n", "\n"), "\n")}
 }
 
 // Verify checks whether the given file is valid according to the checksum database.

internal/era/accumulator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package era
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	ssz "github.com/ferranbt/fastssz"
+)
+
+// ComputeAccumulator calculates the SSZ hash tree root of the Era1
+// accumulator of header records.
+func ComputeAccumulator(hashes []common.Hash, tds []*big.Int) (common.Hash, error) {
+	if len(hashes) != len(tds) {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("must have equal number hashes as td values")
+	}
+	if len(hashes) > MaxEra1Size {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("too many records: have %d, max %d", len(hashes), MaxEra1Size)
+	}
+	hh := ssz.NewHasher()
+	for i := range hashes {
+		rec := headerRecord{hashes[i], tds[i]}
+		root, err := rec.HashTreeRoot()
+		if err != nil {
+			return common.Hash{}, err
+		}
+		hh.Append(root[:])
+	}
+	hh.MerkleizeWithMixin(0, uint64(len(hashes)), uint64(MaxEra1Size))
+	return hh.HashRoot()
+}
+
+// headerRecord is an individual record for a historical header.
+//
+// See https://github.com/ethereum/portal-network-specs/blob/master/history-network.md#the-header-accumulator
+// for more information.
+type headerRecord struct {
+	Hash            common.Hash
+	TotalDifficulty *big.Int
+}
+
+// GetTree completes the ssz.HashRoot interface, but is unused.
+func (h *headerRecord) GetTree() (*ssz.Node, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// HashTreeRoot ssz hashes the headerRecord object.
+func (h *headerRecord) HashTreeRoot() ([32]byte, error) {
+	return ssz.HashWithDefaultHasher(h)
+}
+
+// HashTreeRootWith ssz hashes the headerRecord object with a hasher.
+func (h *headerRecord) HashTreeRootWith(hh ssz.HashWalker) (err error) {
+	hh.PutBytes(h.Hash[:])
+	td := bigToBytes32(h.TotalDifficulty)
+	hh.PutBytes(td[:])
+	hh.Merkleize(0)
+	return
+}
+
+// bigToBytes32 converts a big.Int into a little-endian 32-byte array.
+func bigToBytes32(n *big.Int) (b [32]byte) {
+	n.FillBytes(b[:])
+	reverseOrder(b[:])
+	return
+}
+
+// reverseOrder reverses the byte order of a slice.
+func reverseOrder(b []byte) []byte {
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		b[i], b[32-i-1] = b[32-i-1], b[i]
+	}
+	return b
+}

internal/era/builder.go

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+package era
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era/e2store"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
+)
+
+// Builder is used to create Era1 archives of block data.
+//
+// Era1 files are themselves e2store files. For more information on this format,
+// see https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/blob/stable/docs/e2store.md.
+//
+// The overall structure of an Era1 file follows closely the structure of an Era file
+// which contains consensus Layer data (and as a byproduct, EL data after the merge).
+//
+// The structure can be summarized through this definition:
+//
+//	era1 := Version | block-tuple* | other-entries* | Accumulator | BlockIndex
+//	block-tuple :=  CompressedHeader | CompressedBody | CompressedReceipts | TotalDifficulty
+//
+// Each basic element is its own entry:
+//
+//	Version            = { type: [0x65, 0x32], data: nil }
+//	CompressedHeader   = { type: [0x03, 0x00], data: snappyFramed(rlp(header)) }
+//	CompressedBody     = { type: [0x04, 0x00], data: snappyFramed(rlp(body)) }
+//	CompressedReceipts = { type: [0x05, 0x00], data: snappyFramed(rlp(receipts)) }
+//	TotalDifficulty    = { type: [0x06, 0x00], data: uint256(header.total_difficulty) }
+//	AccumulatorRoot    = { type: [0x07, 0x00], data: accumulator-root }
+//	BlockIndex         = { type: [0x32, 0x66], data: block-index }
+//
+// Accumulator is computed by constructing an SSZ list of header-records of length at most
+// 8192 and then calculating the hash_tree_root of that list.
+//
+//	header-record := { block-hash: Bytes32, total-difficulty: Uint256 }
+//	accumulator   := hash_tree_root([]header-record, 8192)
+//
+// BlockIndex stores relative offsets to each compressed block entry. The
+// format is:
+//
+//	block-index := starting-number | index | index | index ... | count
+//
+// starting-number is the first block number in the archive. Every index is a
+// defined relative to beginning of the record. The total number of block
+// entries in the file is recorded with count.
+//
+// Due to the accumulator size limit of 8192, the maximum number of blocks in
+// an Era1 batch is also 8192.
+type Builder struct {
+	w        *e2store.Writer
+	startNum *uint64
+	startTd  *big.Int
+	indexes  []uint64
+	hashes   []common.Hash
+	tds      []*big.Int
+	written  int
+
+	buf    *bytes.Buffer
+	snappy *snappy.Writer
+}
+
+// NewBuilder returns a new Builder instance.
+func NewBuilder(w io.Writer) *Builder {
+	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	return &Builder{
+		w:      e2store.NewWriter(w),
+		buf:    buf,
+		snappy: snappy.NewBufferedWriter(buf),
+	}
+}
+
+// Add writes a compressed block entry and compressed receipts entry to the
+// underlying e2store file.
+func (b *Builder) Add(block *types.Block, receipts types.Receipts, td *big.Int) error {
+	eh, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(block.Header())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	eb, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(block.Body())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	er, err := rlp.EncodeToBytes(receipts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return b.AddRLP(eh, eb, er, block.NumberU64(), block.Hash(), td, block.Difficulty())
+}
+
+// AddRLP writes a compressed block entry and compressed receipts entry to the
+// underlying e2store file.
+func (b *Builder) AddRLP(header, body, receipts []byte, number uint64, hash common.Hash, td, difficulty *big.Int) error {
+	// Write Era1 version entry before first block.
+	if b.startNum == nil {
+		n, err := b.w.Write(TypeVersion, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		startNum := number
+		b.startNum = &startNum
+		b.startTd = new(big.Int).Sub(td, difficulty)
+		b.written += n
+	}
+	if len(b.indexes) >= MaxEra1Size {
+		return fmt.Errorf("exceeds maximum batch size of %d", MaxEra1Size)
+	}
+
+	b.indexes = append(b.indexes, uint64(b.written))
+	b.hashes = append(b.hashes, hash)
+	b.tds = append(b.tds, td)
+
+	// Write block data.
+	if err := b.snappyWrite(TypeCompressedHeader, header); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := b.snappyWrite(TypeCompressedBody, body); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := b.snappyWrite(TypeCompressedReceipts, receipts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Also write total difficulty, but don't snappy encode.
+	btd := bigToBytes32(td)
+	n, err := b.w.Write(TypeTotalDifficulty, btd[:])
+	b.written += n
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Finalize computes the accumulator and block index values, then writes the
+// corresponding e2store entries.
+func (b *Builder) Finalize() (common.Hash, error) {
+	if b.startNum == nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("finalize called on empty builder")
+	}
+	// Compute accumulator root and write entry.
+	root, err := ComputeAccumulator(b.hashes, b.tds)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("error calculating accumulator root: %w", err)
+	}
+	n, err := b.w.Write(TypeAccumulator, root[:])
+	b.written += n
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("error writing accumulator: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Get beginning of index entry to calculate block relative offset.
+	base := int64(b.written)
+
+	// Construct block index. Detailed format described in Builder
+	// documentation, but it is essentially encoded as:
+	// "start | index | index | ... | count"
+	var (
+		count = len(b.indexes)
+		index = make([]byte, 16+count*8)
+	)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(index, *b.startNum)
+	// Each offset is relative from the position it is encoded in the
+	// index. This means that even if the same block was to be included in
+	// the index twice (this would be invalid anyways), the relative offset
+	// would be different. The idea with this is that after reading a
+	// relative offset, the corresponding block can be quickly read by
+	// performing a seek relative to the current position.
+	for i, offset := range b.indexes {
+		relative := int64(offset) - base
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(index[8+i*8:], uint64(relative))
+	}
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(index[8+count*8:], uint64(count))
+
+	// Finally, write the block index entry.
+	if _, err := b.w.Write(TypeBlockIndex, index); err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to write block index: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return root, nil
+}
+
+// snappyWrite is a small helper to take care snappy encoding and writing an e2store entry.
+func (b *Builder) snappyWrite(typ uint16, in []byte) error {
+	var (
+		buf = b.buf
+		s   = b.snappy
+	)
+	buf.Reset()
+	s.Reset(buf)
+	if _, err := b.snappy.Write(in); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error snappy encoding: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := s.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error flushing snappy encoding: %w", err)
+	}
+	n, err := b.w.Write(typ, b.buf.Bytes())
+	b.written += n
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error writing e2store entry: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/era/e2store/e2store.go

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package e2store
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+)
+
+const (
+	headerSize     = 8
+	valueSizeLimit = 1024 * 1024 * 50
+)
+
+// Entry is a variable-length-data record in an e2store.
+type Entry struct {
+	Type  uint16
+	Value []byte
+}
+
+// Writer writes entries using e2store encoding.
+// For more information on this format, see:
+// https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/blob/stable/docs/e2store.md
+type Writer struct {
+	w io.Writer
+}
+
+// NewWriter returns a new Writer that writes to w.
+func NewWriter(w io.Writer) *Writer {
+	return &Writer{w}
+}
+
+// Write writes a single e2store entry to w.
+// An entry is encoded in a type-length-value format. The first 8 bytes of the
+// record store the type (2 bytes), the length (4 bytes), and some reserved
+// data (2 bytes). The remaining bytes store b.
+func (w *Writer) Write(typ uint16, b []byte) (int, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, headerSize)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(buf, typ)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[2:], uint32(len(b)))
+
+	// Write header.
+	if n, err := w.w.Write(buf); err != nil {
+		return n, err
+	}
+	// Write value, return combined write size.
+	n, err := w.w.Write(b)
+	return n + headerSize, err
+}
+
+// A Reader reads entries from an e2store-encoded file.
+// For more information on this format, see
+// https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/blob/stable/docs/e2store.md
+type Reader struct {
+	r      io.ReaderAt
+	offset int64
+}
+
+// NewReader returns a new Reader that reads from r.
+func NewReader(r io.ReaderAt) *Reader {
+	return &Reader{r, 0}
+}
+
+// Read reads one Entry from r.
+func (r *Reader) Read() (*Entry, error) {
+	var e Entry
+	n, err := r.ReadAt(&e, r.offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	r.offset += int64(n)
+	return &e, nil
+}
+
+// ReadAt reads one Entry from r at the specified offset.
+func (r *Reader) ReadAt(entry *Entry, off int64) (int, error) {
+	typ, length, err := r.ReadMetadataAt(off)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	entry.Type = typ
+
+	// Check length bounds.
+	if length > valueSizeLimit {
+		return headerSize, fmt.Errorf("item larger than item size limit %d: have %d", valueSizeLimit, length)
+	}
+	if length == 0 {
+		return headerSize, nil
+	}
+
+	// Read value.
+	val := make([]byte, length)
+	if n, err := r.r.ReadAt(val, off+headerSize); err != nil {
+		n += headerSize
+		// An entry with a non-zero length should not return EOF when
+		// reading the value.
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return n, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		return n, err
+	}
+	entry.Value = val
+	return int(headerSize + length), nil
+}
+
+// ReaderAt returns an io.Reader delivering value data for the entry at
+// the specified offset. If the entry type does not match the expected type, an
+// error is returned.
+func (r *Reader) ReaderAt(expectedType uint16, off int64) (io.Reader, int, error) {
+	// problem = need to return length+headerSize not just value length via section reader
+	typ, length, err := r.ReadMetadataAt(off)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, headerSize, err
+	}
+	if typ != expectedType {
+		return nil, headerSize, fmt.Errorf("wrong type, want %d have %d", expectedType, typ)
+	}
+	if length > valueSizeLimit {
+		return nil, headerSize, fmt.Errorf("item larger than item size limit %d: have %d", valueSizeLimit, length)
+	}
+	return io.NewSectionReader(r.r, off+headerSize, int64(length)), headerSize + int(length), nil
+}
+
+// LengthAt reads the header at off and returns the total length of the entry,
+// including header.
+func (r *Reader) LengthAt(off int64) (int64, error) {
+	_, length, err := r.ReadMetadataAt(off)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return int64(length) + headerSize, nil
+}
+
+// ReadMetadataAt reads the header metadata at the given offset.
+func (r *Reader) ReadMetadataAt(off int64) (typ uint16, length uint32, err error) {
+	b := make([]byte, headerSize)
+	if n, err := r.r.ReadAt(b, off); err != nil {
+		if err == io.EOF && n > 0 {
+			return 0, 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	typ = binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(b)
+	length = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(b[2:])
+
+	// Check reserved bytes of header.
+	if b[6] != 0 || b[7] != 0 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("reserved bytes are non-zero")
+	}
+
+	return typ, length, nil
+}
+
+// Find returns the first entry with the matching type.
+func (r *Reader) Find(want uint16) (*Entry, error) {
+	var (
+		off    int64
+		typ    uint16
+		length uint32
+		err    error
+	)
+	for {
+		typ, length, err = r.ReadMetadataAt(off)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return nil, io.EOF
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if typ == want {
+			var e Entry
+			if _, err := r.ReadAt(&e, off); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return &e, nil
+		}
+		off += int64(headerSize + length)
+	}
+}
+
+// FindAll returns all entries with the matching type.
+func (r *Reader) FindAll(want uint16) ([]*Entry, error) {
+	var (
+		off     int64
+		typ     uint16
+		length  uint32
+		entries []*Entry
+		err     error
+	)
+	for {
+		typ, length, err = r.ReadMetadataAt(off)
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return entries, nil
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return entries, err
+		}
+		if typ == want {
+			e := new(Entry)
+			if _, err := r.ReadAt(e, off); err != nil {
+				return entries, err
+			}
+			entries = append(entries, e)
+		}
+		off += int64(headerSize + length)
+	}
+}

internal/era/e2store/e2store_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package e2store
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+func TestEncode(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		entries []Entry
+		want    string
+		name    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "emptyEntry",
+			entries: []Entry{{0xffff, nil}},
+			want:    "ffff000000000000",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "beef",
+			entries: []Entry{{42, common.Hex2Bytes("beef")}},
+			want:    "2a00020000000000beef",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "twoEntries",
+			entries: []Entry{
+				{42, common.Hex2Bytes("beef")},
+				{9, common.Hex2Bytes("abcdabcd")},
+			},
+			want: "2a00020000000000beef0900040000000000abcdabcd",
+		},
+	} {
+		tt := test
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			var (
+				b = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+				w = NewWriter(b)
+			)
+			for _, e := range tt.entries {
+				if _, err := w.Write(e.Type, e.Value); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("encoding error: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+			if want, have := common.FromHex(tt.want), b.Bytes(); !bytes.Equal(want, have) {
+				t.Fatalf("encoding mismatch (want %x, have %x", want, have)
+			}
+			r := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(b.Bytes()))
+			for _, want := range tt.entries {
+				have, err := r.Read()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("decoding error: %v", err)
+				}
+				if have.Type != want.Type {
+					t.Fatalf("decoded entry does type mismatch (want %v, got %v)", want.Type, have.Type)
+				}
+				if !bytes.Equal(have.Value, want.Value) {
+					t.Fatalf("decoded entry does not match (want %#x, got %#x)", want.Value, have.Value)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecode(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tt := range []struct {
+		have string
+		err  error
+	}{
+		{ // basic valid decoding
+			have: "ffff000000000000",
+		},
+		{ // basic invalid decoding
+			have: "ffff000000000001",
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("reserved bytes are non-zero"),
+		},
+		{ // no more entries to read, returns EOF
+			have: "",
+			err:  io.EOF,
+		},
+		{ // malformed type
+			have: "bad",
+			err:  io.ErrUnexpectedEOF,
+		},
+		{ // malformed length
+			have: "badbeef",
+			err:  io.ErrUnexpectedEOF,
+		},
+		{ // specified length longer than actual value
+			have: "beef010000000000",
+			err:  io.ErrUnexpectedEOF,
+		},
+	} {
+		r := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(common.FromHex(tt.have)))
+		if tt.err != nil {
+			_, err := r.Read()
+			if err == nil && tt.err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("test %d, expected error, got none", i)
+			}
+			if err != nil && tt.err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("test %d, expected no error, got %v", i, err)
+			}
+			if err != nil && tt.err != nil && err.Error() != tt.err.Error() {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error %v, got %v", tt.err, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func FuzzCodec(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, input []byte) {
+		r := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(input))
+		entry, err := r.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		var (
+			b = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+			w = NewWriter(b)
+		)
+		w.Write(entry.Type, entry.Value)
+		output := b.Bytes()
+		// Only care about the input that was actually consumed
+		input = input[:r.offset]
+		if !bytes.Equal(input, output) {
+			t.Fatalf("decode-encode mismatch, input %#x output %#x", input, output)
+		}
+	})
+}

internal/era/era.go

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package era
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/era/e2store"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
+)
+
+var (
+	TypeVersion            uint16 = 0x3265
+	TypeCompressedHeader   uint16 = 0x03
+	TypeCompressedBody     uint16 = 0x04
+	TypeCompressedReceipts uint16 = 0x05
+	TypeTotalDifficulty    uint16 = 0x06
+	TypeAccumulator        uint16 = 0x07
+	TypeBlockIndex         uint16 = 0x3266
+
+	MaxEra1Size = 8192
+)
+
+// Filename returns a recognizable Era1-formatted file name for the specified
+// epoch and network.
+func Filename(network string, epoch int, root common.Hash) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%05d-%s.era1", network, epoch, root.Hex()[2:10])
+}
+
+// ReadDir reads all the era1 files in a directory for a given network.
+// Format: <network>-<epoch>-<hexroot>.era1
+func ReadDir(dir, network string) ([]string, error) {
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error reading directory %s: %w", dir, err)
+	}
+	var (
+		next = uint64(0)
+		eras []string
+	)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if path.Ext(entry.Name()) != ".era1" {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts := strings.Split(entry.Name(), "-")
+		if len(parts) != 3 || parts[0] != network {
+			// invalid era1 filename, skip
+			continue
+		}
+		if epoch, err := strconv.ParseUint(parts[1], 10, 64); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed era1 filename: %s", entry.Name())
+		} else if epoch != next {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing epoch %d", next)
+		}
+		next += 1
+		eras = append(eras, entry.Name())
+	}
+	return eras, nil
+}
+
+type ReadAtSeekCloser interface {
+	io.ReaderAt
+	io.Seeker
+	io.Closer
+}
+
+// Era reads and Era1 file.
+type Era struct {
+	f   ReadAtSeekCloser // backing era1 file
+	s   *e2store.Reader  // e2store reader over f
+	m   metadata         // start, count, length info
+	mu  *sync.Mutex      // lock for buf
+	buf [8]byte          // buffer reading entry offsets
+}
+
+// From returns an Era backed by f.
+func From(f ReadAtSeekCloser) (*Era, error) {
+	m, err := readMetadata(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Era{
+		f:  f,
+		s:  e2store.NewReader(f),
+		m:  m,
+		mu: new(sync.Mutex),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Open returns an Era backed by the given filename.
+func Open(filename string) (*Era, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return From(f)
+}
+
+func (e *Era) Close() error {
+	return e.f.Close()
+}
+
+func (e *Era) GetBlockByNumber(num uint64) (*types.Block, error) {
+	if e.m.start > num || e.m.start+e.m.count <= num {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("out-of-bounds")
+	}
+	off, err := e.readOffset(num)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	r, n, err := newSnappyReader(e.s, TypeCompressedHeader, off)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var header types.Header
+	if err := rlp.Decode(r, &header); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	off += n
+	r, _, err = newSnappyReader(e.s, TypeCompressedBody, off)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var body types.Body
+	if err := rlp.Decode(r, &body); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return types.NewBlockWithHeader(&header).WithBody(body.Transactions, body.Uncles), nil
+}
+
+// Accumulator reads the accumulator entry in the Era1 file.
+func (e *Era) Accumulator() (common.Hash, error) {
+	entry, err := e.s.Find(TypeAccumulator)
+	if err != nil {
+		return common.Hash{}, err
+	}
+	return common.BytesToHash(entry.Value), nil
+}
+
+// InitialTD returns initial total difficulty before the difficulty of the
+// first block of the Era1 is applied.
+func (e *Era) InitialTD() (*big.Int, error) {
+	var (
+		r      io.Reader
+		header types.Header
+		rawTd  []byte
+		n      int64
+		off    int64
+		err    error
+	)
+
+	// Read first header.
+	if off, err = e.readOffset(e.m.start); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if r, n, err = newSnappyReader(e.s, TypeCompressedHeader, off); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rlp.Decode(r, &header); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	off += n
+
+	// Skip over next two records.
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		length, err := e.s.LengthAt(off)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		off += length
+	}
+
+	// Read total difficulty after first block.
+	if r, _, err = e.s.ReaderAt(TypeTotalDifficulty, off); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rawTd, err = io.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	td := new(big.Int).SetBytes(reverseOrder(rawTd))
+	return td.Sub(td, header.Difficulty), nil
+}
+
+// Start returns the listed start block.
+func (e *Era) Start() uint64 {
+	return e.m.start
+}
+
+// Count returns the total number of blocks in the Era1.
+func (e *Era) Count() uint64 {
+	return e.m.count
+}
+
+// readOffset reads a specific block's offset from the block index. The value n
+// is the absolute block number desired.
+func (e *Era) readOffset(n uint64) (int64, error) {
+	var (
+		blockIndexRecordOffset = e.m.length - 24 - int64(e.m.count)*8 // skips start, count, and header
+		firstIndex             = blockIndexRecordOffset + 16          // first index after header / start-num
+		indexOffset            = int64(n-e.m.start) * 8               // desired index * size of indexes
+		offOffset              = firstIndex + indexOffset             // offset of block offset
+	)
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	clearBuffer(e.buf[:])
+	if _, err := e.f.ReadAt(e.buf[:], offOffset); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	// Since the block offset is relative from the start of the block index record
+	// we need to add the record offset to it's offset to get the block's absolute
+	// offset.
+	return blockIndexRecordOffset + int64(binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(e.buf[:])), nil
+}
+
+// newReader returns a snappy.Reader for the e2store entry value at off.
+func newSnappyReader(e *e2store.Reader, expectedType uint16, off int64) (io.Reader, int64, error) {
+	r, n, err := e.ReaderAt(expectedType, off)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return snappy.NewReader(r), int64(n), err
+}
+
+// clearBuffer zeroes out the buffer.
+func clearBuffer(buf []byte) {
+	for i := 0; i < len(buf); i++ {
+		buf[i] = 0
+	}
+}
+
+// metadata wraps the metadata in the block index.
+type metadata struct {
+	start  uint64
+	count  uint64
+	length int64
+}
+
+// readMetadata reads the metadata stored in an Era1 file's block index.
+func readMetadata(f ReadAtSeekCloser) (m metadata, err error) {
+	// Determine length of reader.
+	if m.length, err = f.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	b := make([]byte, 16)
+	// Read count. It's the last 8 bytes of the file.
+	if _, err = f.ReadAt(b[:8], m.length-8); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.count = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b)
+	// Read start. It's at the offset -sizeof(m.count) -
+	// count*sizeof(indexEntry) - sizeof(m.start)
+	if _, err = f.ReadAt(b[8:], m.length-16-int64(m.count*8)); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.start = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(b[8:])
+	return
+}

internal/era/era_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package era
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+)
+
+type testchain struct {
+	headers  [][]byte
+	bodies   [][]byte
+	receipts [][]byte
+	tds      []*big.Int
+}
+
+func TestEra1Builder(t *testing.T) {
+	// Get temp directory.
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "era1-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error creating temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var (
+		builder = NewBuilder(f)
+		chain   = testchain{}
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < 128; i++ {
+		chain.headers = append(chain.headers, []byte{byte('h'), byte(i)})
+		chain.bodies = append(chain.bodies, []byte{byte('b'), byte(i)})
+		chain.receipts = append(chain.receipts, []byte{byte('r'), byte(i)})
+		chain.tds = append(chain.tds, big.NewInt(int64(i)))
+	}
+
+	// Write blocks to Era1.
+	for i := 0; i < len(chain.headers); i++ {
+		var (
+			header   = chain.headers[i]
+			body     = chain.bodies[i]
+			receipts = chain.receipts[i]
+			hash     = common.Hash{byte(i)}
+			td       = chain.tds[i]
+		)
+		if err = builder.AddRLP(header, body, receipts, uint64(i), hash, td, big.NewInt(1)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error adding entry: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Finalize Era1.
+	if _, err := builder.Finalize(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("error finalizing era1: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify Era1 contents.
+	e, err := Open(f.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to open era: %v", err)
+	}
+	it, err := NewRawIterator(e)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to make iterator: %s", err)
+	}
+	for i := uint64(0); i < uint64(len(chain.headers)); i++ {
+		if !it.Next() {
+			t.Fatalf("expected more entries")
+		}
+		if it.Error() != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error %v", it.Error())
+		}
+		// Check headers.
+		header, err := io.ReadAll(it.Header)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error reading header: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(header, chain.headers[i]) {
+			t.Fatalf("mismatched header: want %s, got %s", chain.headers[i], header)
+		}
+		// Check bodies.
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(it.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error reading body: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(body, chain.bodies[i]) {
+			t.Fatalf("mismatched body: want %s, got %s", chain.bodies[i], body)
+		}
+		// Check receipts.
+		receipts, err := io.ReadAll(it.Receipts)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error reading receipts: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(receipts, chain.receipts[i]) {
+			t.Fatalf("mismatched receipts: want %s, got %s", chain.receipts[i], receipts)
+		}
+
+		// Check total difficulty.
+		rawTd, err := io.ReadAll(it.TotalDifficulty)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("error reading td: %v", err)
+		}
+		td := new(big.Int).SetBytes(reverseOrder(rawTd))
+		if td.Cmp(chain.tds[i]) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("mismatched tds: want %s, got %s", chain.tds[i], td)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEraFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tt := range []struct {
+		network  string
+		epoch    int
+		root     common.Hash
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"mainnet", 1, common.Hash{1}, "mainnet-00001-01000000.era1"},
+		{"goerli", 99999, common.HexToHash("0xdeadbeef00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), "goerli-99999-deadbeef.era1"},
+	} {
+		got := Filename(tt.network, tt.epoch, tt.root)
+		if tt.expected != got {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: invalid filename: want %s, got %s", i, tt.expected, got)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/era/iterator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package era
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+)
+
+// Iterator wraps RawIterator and returns decoded Era1 entries.
+type Iterator struct {
+	inner *RawIterator
+}
+
+// NewRawIterator returns a new Iterator instance. Next must be immediately
+// called on new iterators to load the first item.
+func NewIterator(e *Era) (*Iterator, error) {
+	inner, err := NewRawIterator(e)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Iterator{inner}, nil
+}
+
+// Next moves the iterator to the next block entry. It returns false when all
+// items have been read or an error has halted its progress. Block, Receipts,
+// and BlockAndReceipts should no longer be called after false is returned.
+func (it *Iterator) Next() bool {
+	return it.inner.Next()
+}
+
+// Number returns the current number block the iterator will return.
+func (it *Iterator) Number() uint64 {
+	return it.inner.next - 1
+}
+
+// Error returns the error status of the iterator. It should be called before
+// reading from any of the iterator's values.
+func (it *Iterator) Error() error {
+	return it.inner.Error()
+}
+
+// Block returns the block for the iterator's current position.
+func (it *Iterator) Block() (*types.Block, error) {
+	if it.inner.Header == nil || it.inner.Body == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("header and body must be non-nil")
+	}
+	var (
+		header types.Header
+		body   types.Body
+	)
+	if err := rlp.Decode(it.inner.Header, &header); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rlp.Decode(it.inner.Body, &body); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return types.NewBlockWithHeader(&header).WithBody(body.Transactions, body.Uncles), nil
+}
+
+// Receipts returns the receipts for the iterator's current position.
+func (it *Iterator) Receipts() (types.Receipts, error) {
+	if it.inner.Receipts == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("receipts must be non-nil")
+	}
+	var receipts types.Receipts
+	err := rlp.Decode(it.inner.Receipts, &receipts)
+	return receipts, err
+}
+
+// BlockAndReceipts returns the block and receipts for the iterator's current
+// position.
+func (it *Iterator) BlockAndReceipts() (*types.Block, types.Receipts, error) {
+	b, err := it.Block()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	r, err := it.Receipts()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return b, r, nil
+}
+
+// TotalDifficulty returns the total difficulty for the iterator's current
+// position.
+func (it *Iterator) TotalDifficulty() (*big.Int, error) {
+	td, err := io.ReadAll(it.inner.TotalDifficulty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return new(big.Int).SetBytes(reverseOrder(td)), nil
+}
+
+// RawIterator reads an RLP-encode Era1 entries.
+type RawIterator struct {
+	e    *Era   // backing Era1
+	next uint64 // next block to read
+	err  error  // last error
+
+	Header          io.Reader
+	Body            io.Reader
+	Receipts        io.Reader
+	TotalDifficulty io.Reader
+}
+
+// NewRawIterator returns a new RawIterator instance. Next must be immediately
+// called on new iterators to load the first item.
+func NewRawIterator(e *Era) (*RawIterator, error) {
+	return &RawIterator{
+		e:    e,
+		next: e.m.start,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Next moves the iterator to the next block entry. It returns false when all
+// items have been read or an error has halted its progress. Header, Body,
+// Receipts, TotalDifficulty will be set to nil in the case returning false or
+// finding an error and should therefore no longer be read from.
+func (it *RawIterator) Next() bool {
+	// Clear old errors.
+	it.err = nil
+	if it.e.m.start+it.e.m.count <= it.next {
+		it.clear()
+		return false
+	}
+	off, err := it.e.readOffset(it.next)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Error here means block index is corrupted, so don't
+		// continue.
+		it.clear()
+		it.err = err
+		return false
+	}
+	var n int64
+	if it.Header, n, it.err = newSnappyReader(it.e.s, TypeCompressedHeader, off); it.err != nil {
+		it.clear()
+		return true
+	}
+	off += n
+	if it.Body, n, it.err = newSnappyReader(it.e.s, TypeCompressedBody, off); it.err != nil {
+		it.clear()
+		return true
+	}
+	off += n
+	if it.Receipts, n, it.err = newSnappyReader(it.e.s, TypeCompressedReceipts, off); it.err != nil {
+		it.clear()
+		return true
+	}
+	off += n
+	if it.TotalDifficulty, _, it.err = it.e.s.ReaderAt(TypeTotalDifficulty, off); it.err != nil {
+		it.clear()
+		return true
+	}
+	it.next += 1
+	return true
+}
+
+// Number returns the current number block the iterator will return.
+func (it *RawIterator) Number() uint64 {
+	return it.next - 1
+}
+
+// Error returns the error status of the iterator. It should be called before
+// reading from any of the iterator's values.
+func (it *RawIterator) Error() error {
+	if it.err == io.EOF {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return it.err
+}
+
+// clear sets all the outputs to nil.
+func (it *RawIterator) clear() {
+	it.Header = nil
+	it.Body = nil
+	it.Receipts = nil
+	it.TotalDifficulty = nil
+}

internal/ethapi/api.go

@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ func (s *BlockChainAPI) GetBalance(ctx context.Context, address common.Address,
 	return (*hexutil.Big)(b), state.Error()
 }
 
-// Result structs for GetProof
+// AccountResult structs for GetProof
 type AccountResult struct {
 	Address      common.Address  `json:"address"`
 	AccountProof []string        `json:"accountProof"`
@@ -1812,13 +1812,14 @@ func (s *TransactionAPI) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, args TransactionAr
 // on a given unsigned transaction, and returns it to the caller for further
 // processing (signing + broadcast).
 func (s *TransactionAPI) FillTransaction(ctx context.Context, args TransactionArgs) (*SignTransactionResult, error) {
+	args.blobSidecarAllowed = true
+
 	// Set some sanity defaults and terminate on failure
 	if err := args.setDefaults(ctx, s.b); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Assemble the transaction and obtain rlp
 	tx := args.toTransaction()
-	// TODO(s1na): fill in blob proofs, commitments
 	data, err := tx.MarshalBinary()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

internal/ethapi/api_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/blocktest"
@@ -1079,6 +1081,195 @@ func TestSendBlobTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFillBlobTransaction(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	// Initialize test accounts
+	var (
+		key, _  = crypto.HexToECDSA("8a1f9a8f95be41cd7ccb6168179afb4504aefe388d1e14474d32c45c72ce7b7a")
+		to      = crypto.PubkeyToAddress(key.PublicKey)
+		genesis = &core.Genesis{
+			Config: params.MergedTestChainConfig,
+			Alloc:  core.GenesisAlloc{},
+		}
+		emptyBlob                      = kzg4844.Blob{}
+		emptyBlobCommit, _             = kzg4844.BlobToCommitment(emptyBlob)
+		emptyBlobProof, _              = kzg4844.ComputeBlobProof(emptyBlob, emptyBlobCommit)
+		emptyBlobHash      common.Hash = kzg4844.CalcBlobHashV1(sha256.New(), &emptyBlobCommit)
+	)
+	b := newTestBackend(t, 1, genesis, beacon.New(ethash.NewFaker()), func(i int, b *core.BlockGen) {
+		b.SetPoS()
+	})
+	api := NewTransactionAPI(b, nil)
+	type result struct {
+		Hashes  []common.Hash
+		Sidecar *types.BlobTxSidecar
+	}
+	suite := []struct {
+		name string
+		args TransactionArgs
+		err  string
+		want *result
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "TestInvalidParamsCombination1",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:   &b.acc.Address,
+				To:     &to,
+				Value:  (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs:  []kzg4844.Blob{{}},
+				Proofs: []kzg4844.Proof{{}},
+			},
+			err: `blob proofs provided while commitments were not`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestInvalidParamsCombination2",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{{}},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{{}},
+			},
+			err: `blob commitments provided while proofs were not`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestInvalidParamsCount1",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{{}},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{{}, {}},
+				Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{{}, {}},
+			},
+			err: `number of blobs and commitments mismatch (have=2, want=1)`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestInvalidParamsCount2",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{{}, {}},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{{}, {}},
+				Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{{}},
+			},
+			err: `number of blobs and proofs mismatch (have=1, want=2)`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestInvalidProofVerification",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{{}, {}},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{{}, {}},
+				Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{{}, {}},
+			},
+			err: `failed to verify blob proof: short buffer`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestGenerateBlobHashes",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
+				Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{emptyBlobProof},
+			},
+			want: &result{
+				Hashes: []common.Hash{emptyBlobHash},
+				Sidecar: &types.BlobTxSidecar{
+					Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+					Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
+					Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{emptyBlobProof},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestValidBlobHashes",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				BlobHashes:  []common.Hash{emptyBlobHash},
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
+				Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{emptyBlobProof},
+			},
+			want: &result{
+				Hashes: []common.Hash{emptyBlobHash},
+				Sidecar: &types.BlobTxSidecar{
+					Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+					Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
+					Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{emptyBlobProof},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestInvalidBlobHashes",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:        &b.acc.Address,
+				To:          &to,
+				Value:       (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				BlobHashes:  []common.Hash{{0x01, 0x22}},
+				Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+				Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
+				Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{emptyBlobProof},
+			},
+			err: fmt.Sprintf("blob hash verification failed (have=%s, want=%s)", common.Hash{0x01, 0x22}, emptyBlobHash),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "TestGenerateBlobProofs",
+			args: TransactionArgs{
+				From:  &b.acc.Address,
+				To:    &to,
+				Value: (*hexutil.Big)(big.NewInt(1)),
+				Blobs: []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+			},
+			want: &result{
+				Hashes: []common.Hash{emptyBlobHash},
+				Sidecar: &types.BlobTxSidecar{
+					Blobs:       []kzg4844.Blob{emptyBlob},
+					Commitments: []kzg4844.Commitment{emptyBlobCommit},
+					Proofs:      []kzg4844.Proof{emptyBlobProof},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range suite {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			res, err := api.FillTransaction(context.Background(), tc.args)
+			if len(tc.err) > 0 {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("missing error. want: %s", tc.err)
+				} else if err != nil && err.Error() != tc.err {
+					t.Fatalf("error mismatch. want: %s, have: %s", tc.err, err.Error())
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil && len(tc.err) == 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected no error. have: %s", err)
+			}
+			if res == nil {
+				t.Fatal("result missing")
+			}
+			want, err := json.Marshal(tc.want)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to encode expected: %v", err)
+			}
+			have, err := json.Marshal(result{Hashes: res.Tx.BlobHashes(), Sidecar: res.Tx.BlobTxSidecar()})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to encode computed sidecar: %v", err)
+			}
+			if !bytes.Equal(have, want) {
+				t.Errorf("blob sidecar mismatch. Have: %s, want: %s", have, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func argsFromTransaction(tx *types.Transaction, from common.Address) TransactionArgs {
 	var (
 		gas   = tx.Gas()

internal/ethapi/transaction_args.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package ethapi
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
@@ -29,11 +30,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc/eip4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto/kzg4844"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 	"github.com/holiman/uint256"
 )
 
+var (
+	maxBlobsPerTransaction = params.MaxBlobGasPerBlock / params.BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob
+)
+
 // TransactionArgs represents the arguments to construct a new transaction
 // or a message call.
 type TransactionArgs struct {
@@ -56,9 +63,17 @@ type TransactionArgs struct {
 	AccessList *types.AccessList `json:"accessList,omitempty"`
 	ChainID    *hexutil.Big      `json:"chainId,omitempty"`
 
-	// Introduced by EIP-4844.
+	// For BlobTxType
 	BlobFeeCap *hexutil.Big  `json:"maxFeePerBlobGas"`
 	BlobHashes []common.Hash `json:"blobVersionedHashes,omitempty"`
+
+	// For BlobTxType transactions with blob sidecar
+	Blobs       []kzg4844.Blob       `json:"blobs"`
+	Commitments []kzg4844.Commitment `json:"commitments"`
+	Proofs      []kzg4844.Proof      `json:"proofs"`
+
+	// This configures whether blobs are allowed to be passed.
+	blobSidecarAllowed bool
 }
 
 // from retrieves the transaction sender address.
@@ -82,9 +97,13 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) data() []byte {
 
 // setDefaults fills in default values for unspecified tx fields.
 func (args *TransactionArgs) setDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) error {
+	if err := args.setBlobTxSidecar(ctx, b); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := args.setFeeDefaults(ctx, b); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if args.Value == nil {
 		args.Value = new(hexutil.Big)
 	}
@@ -98,15 +117,25 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) error {
 	if args.Data != nil && args.Input != nil && !bytes.Equal(*args.Data, *args.Input) {
 		return errors.New(`both "data" and "input" are set and not equal. Please use "input" to pass transaction call data`)
 	}
-	if args.BlobHashes != nil && args.To == nil {
+
-		return errors.New(`blob transactions cannot have the form of a create transaction`)
+	// BlobTx fields
-	}
 	if args.BlobHashes != nil && len(args.BlobHashes) == 0 {
 		return errors.New(`need at least 1 blob for a blob transaction`)
 	}
-	if args.To == nil && len(args.data()) == 0 {
+	if args.BlobHashes != nil && len(args.BlobHashes) > maxBlobsPerTransaction {
+		return fmt.Errorf(`too many blobs in transaction (have=%d, max=%d)`, len(args.BlobHashes), maxBlobsPerTransaction)
+	}
+
+	// create check
+	if args.To == nil {
+		if args.BlobHashes != nil {
+			return errors.New(`missing "to" in blob transaction`)
+		}
+		if len(args.data()) == 0 {
 			return errors.New(`contract creation without any data provided`)
 		}
+	}
+
 	// Estimate the gas usage if necessary.
 	if args.Gas == nil {
 		// These fields are immutable during the estimation, safe to
@@ -130,6 +159,7 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) error {
 		args.Gas = &estimated
 		log.Trace("Estimate gas usage automatically", "gas", args.Gas)
 	}
+
 	// If chain id is provided, ensure it matches the local chain id. Otherwise, set the local
 	// chain id as the default.
 	want := b.ChainConfig().ChainID
@@ -165,10 +195,12 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setFeeDefaults(ctx context.Context, b Backend) erro
 		}
 		return nil // No need to set anything, user already set MaxFeePerGas and MaxPriorityFeePerGas
 	}
+
 	// Sanity check the EIP-4844 fee parameters.
 	if args.BlobFeeCap != nil && args.BlobFeeCap.ToInt().Sign() == 0 {
 		return errors.New("maxFeePerBlobGas must be non-zero")
 	}
+
 	// Sanity check the non-EIP-1559 fee parameters.
 	head := b.CurrentHeader()
 	isLondon := b.ChainConfig().IsLondon(head.Number)
@@ -250,6 +282,81 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) setLondonFeeDefaults(ctx context.Context, head *typ
 	return nil
 }
 
+// setBlobTxSidecar adds the blob tx
+func (args *TransactionArgs) setBlobTxSidecar(ctx context.Context, b Backend) error {
+	// No blobs, we're done.
+	if args.Blobs == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Passing blobs is not allowed in all contexts, only in specific methods.
+	if !args.blobSidecarAllowed {
+		return errors.New(`"blobs" is not supported for this RPC method`)
+	}
+
+	n := len(args.Blobs)
+	// Assume user provides either only blobs (w/o hashes), or
+	// blobs together with commitments and proofs.
+	if args.Commitments == nil && args.Proofs != nil {
+		return errors.New(`blob proofs provided while commitments were not`)
+	} else if args.Commitments != nil && args.Proofs == nil {
+		return errors.New(`blob commitments provided while proofs were not`)
+	}
+
+	// len(blobs) == len(commitments) == len(proofs) == len(hashes)
+	if args.Commitments != nil && len(args.Commitments) != n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("number of blobs and commitments mismatch (have=%d, want=%d)", len(args.Commitments), n)
+	}
+	if args.Proofs != nil && len(args.Proofs) != n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("number of blobs and proofs mismatch (have=%d, want=%d)", len(args.Proofs), n)
+	}
+	if args.BlobHashes != nil && len(args.BlobHashes) != n {
+		return fmt.Errorf("number of blobs and hashes mismatch (have=%d, want=%d)", len(args.BlobHashes), n)
+	}
+
+	if args.Commitments == nil {
+		// Generate commitment and proof.
+		commitments := make([]kzg4844.Commitment, n)
+		proofs := make([]kzg4844.Proof, n)
+		for i, b := range args.Blobs {
+			c, err := kzg4844.BlobToCommitment(b)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("blobs[%d]: error computing commitment: %v", i, err)
+			}
+			commitments[i] = c
+			p, err := kzg4844.ComputeBlobProof(b, c)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("blobs[%d]: error computing proof: %v", i, err)
+			}
+			proofs[i] = p
+		}
+		args.Commitments = commitments
+		args.Proofs = proofs
+	} else {
+		for i, b := range args.Blobs {
+			if err := kzg4844.VerifyBlobProof(b, args.Commitments[i], args.Proofs[i]); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to verify blob proof: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	hashes := make([]common.Hash, n)
+	hasher := sha256.New()
+	for i, c := range args.Commitments {
+		hashes[i] = kzg4844.CalcBlobHashV1(hasher, &c)
+	}
+	if args.BlobHashes != nil {
+		for i, h := range hashes {
+			if h != args.BlobHashes[i] {
+				return fmt.Errorf("blob hash verification failed (have=%s, want=%s)", args.BlobHashes[i], h)
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		args.BlobHashes = hashes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ToMessage converts the transaction arguments to the Message type used by the
 // core evm. This method is used in calls and traces that do not require a real
 // live transaction.
@@ -363,6 +470,14 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) toTransaction() *types.Transaction {
 			BlobHashes: args.BlobHashes,
 			BlobFeeCap: uint256.MustFromBig((*big.Int)(args.BlobFeeCap)),
 		}
+		if args.Blobs != nil {
+			data.(*types.BlobTx).Sidecar = &types.BlobTxSidecar{
+				Blobs:       args.Blobs,
+				Commitments: args.Commitments,
+				Proofs:      args.Proofs,
+			}
+		}
+
 	case args.MaxFeePerGas != nil:
 		al := types.AccessList{}
 		if args.AccessList != nil {
@@ -379,6 +494,7 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) toTransaction() *types.Transaction {
 			Data:       args.data(),
 			AccessList: al,
 		}
+
 	case args.AccessList != nil:
 		data = &types.AccessListTx{
 			To:         args.To,
@@ -390,6 +506,7 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) toTransaction() *types.Transaction {
 			Data:       args.data(),
 			AccessList: *args.AccessList,
 		}
+
 	default:
 		data = &types.LegacyTx{
 			To:       args.To,
@@ -403,12 +520,6 @@ func (args *TransactionArgs) toTransaction() *types.Transaction {
 	return types.NewTx(data)
 }
 
-// ToTransaction converts the arguments to a transaction.
-// This assumes that setDefaults has been called.
-func (args *TransactionArgs) ToTransaction() *types.Transaction {
-	return args.toTransaction()
-}
-
 // IsEIP4844 returns an indicator if the args contains EIP4844 fields.
 func (args *TransactionArgs) IsEIP4844() bool {
 	return args.BlobHashes != nil || args.BlobFeeCap != nil

internal/flags/flags.go

@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ type BigFlag struct {
 	HasBeenSet bool
 
 	Value        *big.Int
+	defaultValue *big.Int
 
 	Aliases []string
 	EnvVars []string
@@ -269,6 +270,10 @@ func (f *BigFlag) IsSet() bool     { return f.HasBeenSet }
 func (f *BigFlag) String() string  { return cli.FlagStringer(f) }
 
 func (f *BigFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
+	// Set default value so that environment wont be able to overwrite it
+	if f.Value != nil {
+		f.defaultValue = new(big.Int).Set(f.Value)
+	}
 	for _, envVar := range f.EnvVars {
 		envVar = strings.TrimSpace(envVar)
 		if value, found := syscall.Getenv(envVar); found {
@@ -283,7 +288,6 @@ func (f *BigFlag) Apply(set *flag.FlagSet) error {
 		f.Value = new(big.Int)
 		set.Var((*bigValue)(f.Value), f.Name, f.Usage)
 	})
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -310,7 +314,7 @@ func (f *BigFlag) GetDefaultText() string {
 	if f.DefaultText != "" {
 		return f.DefaultText
 	}
-	return f.GetValue()
+	return f.defaultValue.String()
 }
 
 // bigValue turns *big.Int into a flag.Value

internal/flags/helpers.go

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func doMigrateFlags(ctx *cli.Context) {
 		for _, parent := range ctx.Lineage()[1:] {
 			if parent.IsSet(name) {
 				// When iterating across the lineage, we will be served both
-				// the 'canon' and alias formats of all commmands. In most cases,
+				// the 'canon' and alias formats of all commands. In most cases,
 				// it's fine to set it in the ctx multiple times (one for each
 				// name), however, the Slice-flags are not fine.
 				// The slice-flags accumulate, so if we set it once as

internal/jsre/deps/web3.js

@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ var fromAscii = function(str) {
  *
  * @method transformToFullName
  * @param {Object} json-abi
- * @return {String} full fnction/event name
+ * @return {String} full function/event name
  */
 var transformToFullName = function (json) {
     if (json.name.indexOf('(') !== -1) {
@@ -2361,7 +2361,7 @@ var isFunction = function (object) {
 };
 
 /**
- * Returns true if object is Objet, otherwise false
+ * Returns true if object is Object, otherwise false
  *
  * @method isObject
  * @param {Object}
@@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ var Batch = function (web3) {
  * Should be called to add create new request to batch request
  *
  * @method add
- * @param {Object} jsonrpc requet object
+ * @param {Object} jsonrpc request object
  */
 Batch.prototype.add = function (request) {
     this.requests.push(request);
@@ -4559,7 +4559,7 @@ Iban.createIndirect = function (options) {
 };
 
 /**
- * Thos method should be used to check if given string is valid iban object
+ * This method should be used to check if given string is valid iban object
  *
  * @method isValid
  * @param {String} iban string
@@ -6708,7 +6708,7 @@ var exchangeAbi = require('../contracts/SmartExchange.json');
  * @method transfer
  * @param {String} from
  * @param {String} to iban
- * @param {Value} value to be tranfered
+ * @param {Value} value to be transferred
  * @param {Function} callback, callback
  */
 var transfer = function (eth, from, to, value, callback) {
@@ -6738,7 +6738,7 @@ var transfer = function (eth, from, to, value, callback) {
  * @method transferToAddress
  * @param {String} from
  * @param {String} to
- * @param {Value} value to be tranfered
+ * @param {Value} value to be transferred
  * @param {Function} callback, callback
  */
 var transferToAddress = function (eth, from, to, value, callback) {
@@ -7092,7 +7092,7 @@ module.exports = transfer;
 	        /**
 	         * Initializes a newly created cipher.
 	         *
-	         * @param {number} xformMode Either the encryption or decryption transormation mode constant.
+	         * @param {number} xformMode Either the encryption or decryption transformation mode constant.
 	         * @param {WordArray} key The key.
 	         * @param {Object} cfg (Optional) The configuration options to use for this operation.
 	         *
@@ -9446,7 +9446,7 @@ module.exports = transfer;
 	            var M_offset_14 = M[offset + 14];
 	            var M_offset_15 = M[offset + 15];
 
-	            // Working varialbes
+	            // Working variables
 	            var a = H[0];
 	            var b = H[1];
 	            var c = H[2];

log/handler_glog.go

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ func (h *GlogHandler) Handle(_ context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
 		frame, _ := fs.Next()
 
 		for _, rule := range h.patterns {
-			if rule.pattern.MatchString(fmt.Sprintf("%+s", frame.File)) {
+			if rule.pattern.MatchString(fmt.Sprintf("+%s", frame.File)) {
 				h.siteCache[r.PC], lvl, ok = rule.level, rule.level, true
 			}
 		}

metrics/counter.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ type CounterSnapshot interface {
 	Count() int64
 }
 
-// Counters hold an int64 value that can be incremented and decremented.
+// Counter hold an int64 value that can be incremented and decremented.
 type Counter interface {
 	Clear()
 	Dec(int64)

metrics/gauge.go

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package metrics
 
 import "sync/atomic"
 
-// gaugeSnapshot contains a readonly int64.
+// GaugeSnapshot contains a readonly int64.
 type GaugeSnapshot interface {
 	Value() int64
 }
 
-// Gauges hold an int64 value that can be set arbitrarily.
+// Gauge holds an int64 value that can be set arbitrarily.
 type Gauge interface {
 	Snapshot() GaugeSnapshot
 	Update(int64)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (g *StandardGauge) Update(v int64) {
 	g.value.Store(v)
 }
 
-// Update updates the gauge's value if v is larger then the current valie.
+// Update updates the gauge's value if v is larger then the current value.
 func (g *StandardGauge) UpdateIfGt(v int64) {
 	for {
 		exist := g.value.Load()

metrics/gauge_float64.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type gaugeFloat64Snapshot float64
 // Value returns the value at the time the snapshot was taken.
 func (g gaugeFloat64Snapshot) Value() float64 { return float64(g) }
 
-// NilGauge is a no-op Gauge.
+// NilGaugeFloat64 is a no-op Gauge.
 type NilGaugeFloat64 struct{}
 
 func (NilGaugeFloat64) Snapshot() GaugeFloat64Snapshot { return NilGaugeFloat64{} }

metrics/gauge_info.go

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ type GaugeInfoSnapshot interface {
 	Value() GaugeInfoValue
 }
 
-// GaugeInfos hold a GaugeInfoValue value that can be set arbitrarily.
+// GaugeInfo holds a GaugeInfoValue value that can be set arbitrarily.
 type GaugeInfo interface {
 	Update(GaugeInfoValue)
 	Snapshot() GaugeInfoSnapshot

metrics/healthcheck.go

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package metrics
 
-// Healthchecks hold an error value describing an arbitrary up/down status.
+// Healthcheck holds an error value describing an arbitrary up/down status.
 type Healthcheck interface {
 	Check()
 	Error() error

metrics/histogram.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ type HistogramSnapshot interface {
 	SampleSnapshot
 }
 
-// Histograms calculate distribution statistics from a series of int64 values.
+// Histogram calculates distribution statistics from a series of int64 values.
 type Histogram interface {
 	Clear()
 	Update(int64)

metrics/influxdb/influxdbv2.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type v2Reporter struct {
 	write  api.WriteAPI
 }
 
-// InfluxDBWithTags starts a InfluxDB reporter which will post the from the given metrics.Registry at each d interval with the specified tags
+// InfluxDBV2WithTags starts a InfluxDB reporter which will post the from the given metrics.Registry at each d interval with the specified tags
 func InfluxDBV2WithTags(r metrics.Registry, d time.Duration, endpoint string, token string, bucket string, organization string, namespace string, tags map[string]string) {
 	rep := &v2Reporter{
 		reg:          r,

miner/miner.go

@@ -197,6 +197,11 @@ func (miner *Miner) SetExtra(extra []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (miner *Miner) SetGasTip(tip *big.Int) error {
+	miner.worker.setGasTip(tip)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // SetRecommitInterval sets the interval for sealing work resubmitting.
 func (miner *Miner) SetRecommitInterval(interval time.Duration) {
 	miner.worker.setRecommitInterval(interval)

miner/ordering.go

@@ -119,11 +119,11 @@ func newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(signer types.Signer, txs map[common.Address]
 }
 
 // Peek returns the next transaction by price.
-func (t *transactionsByPriceAndNonce) Peek() *txpool.LazyTransaction {
+func (t *transactionsByPriceAndNonce) Peek() (*txpool.LazyTransaction, *big.Int) {
 	if len(t.heads) == 0 {
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return t.heads[0].tx
+	return t.heads[0].tx, t.heads[0].fees
 }
 
 // Shift replaces the current best head with the next one from the same account.

miner/ordering_test.go

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ func testTransactionPriceNonceSort(t *testing.T, baseFee *big.Int) {
 	txset := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(signer, groups, baseFee)
 
 	txs := types.Transactions{}
-	for tx := txset.Peek(); tx != nil; tx = txset.Peek() {
+	for tx, _ := txset.Peek(); tx != nil; tx, _ = txset.Peek() {
 		txs = append(txs, tx.Tx)
 		txset.Shift()
 	}
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func TestTransactionTimeSort(t *testing.T) {
 	txset := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(signer, groups, nil)
 
 	txs := types.Transactions{}
-	for tx := txset.Peek(); tx != nil; tx = txset.Peek() {
+	for tx, _ := txset.Peek(); tx != nil; tx, _ = txset.Peek() {
 		txs = append(txs, tx.Tx)
 		txset.Shift()
 	}

miner/worker.go

@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ type worker struct {
 	mu       sync.RWMutex // The lock used to protect the coinbase and extra fields
 	coinbase common.Address
 	extra    []byte
+	tip      *big.Int // Minimum tip needed for non-local transaction to include them
 
 	pendingMu    sync.RWMutex
 	pendingTasks map[common.Hash]*task
@@ -251,6 +252,7 @@ func newWorker(config *Config, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus
 		isLocalBlock:       isLocalBlock,
 		coinbase:           config.Etherbase,
 		extra:              config.ExtraData,
+		tip:                config.GasPrice,
 		pendingTasks:       make(map[common.Hash]*task),
 		txsCh:              make(chan core.NewTxsEvent, txChanSize),
 		chainHeadCh:        make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, chainHeadChanSize),
@@ -327,6 +329,13 @@ func (w *worker) setExtra(extra []byte) {
 	w.extra = extra
 }
 
+// setGasTip sets the minimum miner tip needed to include a non-local transaction.
+func (w *worker) setGasTip(tip *big.Int) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	w.tip = tip
+}
+
 // setRecommitInterval updates the interval for miner sealing work recommitting.
 func (w *worker) setRecommitInterval(interval time.Duration) {
 	select {
@@ -554,7 +563,7 @@ func (w *worker) mainLoop() {
 				}
 				txset := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(w.current.signer, txs, w.current.header.BaseFee)
 				tcount := w.current.tcount
-				w.commitTransactions(w.current, txset, nil)
+				w.commitTransactions(w.current, txset, nil, new(big.Int))
 
 				// Only update the snapshot if any new transactions were added
 				// to the pending block
@@ -792,7 +801,7 @@ func (w *worker) applyTransaction(env *environment, tx *types.Transaction) (*typ
 	return receipt, err
 }
 
-func (w *worker) commitTransactions(env *environment, txs *transactionsByPriceAndNonce, interrupt *atomic.Int32) error {
+func (w *worker) commitTransactions(env *environment, txs *transactionsByPriceAndNonce, interrupt *atomic.Int32, minTip *big.Int) error {
 	gasLimit := env.header.GasLimit
 	if env.gasPool == nil {
 		env.gasPool = new(core.GasPool).AddGas(gasLimit)
@@ -812,7 +821,7 @@ func (w *worker) commitTransactions(env *environment, txs *transactionsByPriceAn
 			break
 		}
 		// Retrieve the next transaction and abort if all done.
-		ltx := txs.Peek()
+		ltx, tip := txs.Peek()
 		if ltx == nil {
 			break
 		}
@@ -827,6 +836,11 @@ func (w *worker) commitTransactions(env *environment, txs *transactionsByPriceAn
 			txs.Pop()
 			continue
 		}
+		// If we don't receive enough tip for the next transaction, skip the account
+		if tip.Cmp(minTip) < 0 {
+			log.Trace("Not enough tip for transaction", "hash", ltx.Hash, "tip", tip, "needed", minTip)
+			break // If the next-best is too low, surely no better will be available
+		}
 		// Transaction seems to fit, pull it up from the pool
 		tx := ltx.Resolve()
 		if tx == nil {
@@ -888,7 +902,7 @@ func (w *worker) commitTransactions(env *environment, txs *transactionsByPriceAn
 
 // generateParams wraps various of settings for generating sealing task.
 type generateParams struct {
-	timestamp   uint64            // The timstamp for sealing task
+	timestamp   uint64            // The timestamp for sealing task
 	forceTime   bool              // Flag whether the given timestamp is immutable or not
 	parentHash  common.Hash       // Parent block hash, empty means the latest chain head
 	coinbase    common.Address    // The fee recipient address for including transaction
@@ -997,15 +1011,19 @@ func (w *worker) fillTransactions(interrupt *atomic.Int32, env *environment) err
 	}
 
 	// Fill the block with all available pending transactions.
+	w.mu.RLock()
+	tip := w.tip
+	w.mu.RUnlock()
+
 	if len(localTxs) > 0 {
 		txs := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(env.signer, localTxs, env.header.BaseFee)
-		if err := w.commitTransactions(env, txs, interrupt); err != nil {
+		if err := w.commitTransactions(env, txs, interrupt, new(big.Int)); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	if len(remoteTxs) > 0 {
 		txs := newTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(env.signer, remoteTxs, env.header.BaseFee)
-		if err := w.commitTransactions(env, txs, interrupt); err != nil {
+		if err := w.commitTransactions(env, txs, interrupt, tip); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

node/defaults.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ const (
 	// needs of all CLs.
 	engineAPIBatchItemLimit         = 2000
 	engineAPIBatchResponseSizeLimit = 250 * 1000 * 1000
+	engineAPIBodyLimit              = 128 * 1024 * 1024
 )
 
 var (

node/node.go

@@ -453,14 +453,16 @@ func (n *Node) startRPC() error {
 			jwtSecret:              secret,
 			batchItemLimit:         engineAPIBatchItemLimit,
 			batchResponseSizeLimit: engineAPIBatchResponseSizeLimit,
+			httpBodyLimit:          engineAPIBodyLimit,
 		}
-		if err := server.enableRPC(allAPIs, httpConfig{
+		err := server.enableRPC(allAPIs, httpConfig{
 			CorsAllowedOrigins: DefaultAuthCors,
 			Vhosts:             n.config.AuthVirtualHosts,
 			Modules:            DefaultAuthModules,
 			prefix:             DefaultAuthPrefix,
 			rpcEndpointConfig:  sharedConfig,
-		}); err != nil {
+		})
+		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		servers = append(servers, server)

node/rpcstack.go

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ type rpcEndpointConfig struct {
 	jwtSecret              []byte // optional JWT secret
 	batchItemLimit         int
 	batchResponseSizeLimit int
+	httpBodyLimit          int
 }
 
 type rpcHandler struct {
@@ -304,6 +305,9 @@ func (h *httpServer) enableRPC(apis []rpc.API, config httpConfig) error {
 	// Create RPC server and handler.
 	srv := rpc.NewServer()
 	srv.SetBatchLimits(config.batchItemLimit, config.batchResponseSizeLimit)
+	if config.httpBodyLimit > 0 {
+		srv.SetHTTPBodyLimit(config.httpBodyLimit)
+	}
 	if err := RegisterApis(apis, config.Modules, srv); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -336,6 +340,9 @@ func (h *httpServer) enableWS(apis []rpc.API, config wsConfig) error {
 	// Create RPC server and handler.
 	srv := rpc.NewServer()
 	srv.SetBatchLimits(config.batchItemLimit, config.batchResponseSizeLimit)
+	if config.httpBodyLimit > 0 {
+		srv.SetHTTPBodyLimit(config.httpBodyLimit)
+	}
 	if err := RegisterApis(apis, config.Modules, srv); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

p2p/discover/metrics.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func newMeteredConn(conn UDPConn) UDPConn {
 	return &meteredUdpConn{UDPConn: conn}
 }
 
-// Read delegates a network read to the underlying connection, bumping the udp ingress traffic meter along the way.
+// ReadFromUDP delegates a network read to the underlying connection, bumping the udp ingress traffic meter along the way.
 func (c *meteredUdpConn) ReadFromUDP(b []byte) (n int, addr *net.UDPAddr, err error) {
 	n, addr, err = c.UDPConn.ReadFromUDP(b)
 	ingressTrafficMeter.Mark(int64(n))

p2p/server_nat.go

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func (srv *Server) portMappingLoop() {
 			} else if !ip.Equal(lastExtIP) {
 				log.Debug("External IP changed", "ip", extip, "interface", srv.NAT)
 			} else {
-				return
+				continue
 			}
 			// Here, we either failed to get the external IP, or it has changed.
 			lastExtIP = ip

p2p/simulations/adapters/inproc.go

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ type SimNode struct {
 	registerOnce sync.Once
 }
 
-// Close closes the underlaying node.Node to release
+// Close closes the underlying node.Node to release
 // acquired resources.
 func (sn *SimNode) Close() error {
 	return sn.node.Close()