lotus/chain/messagepool/selection.go

package messagepool

import (
	"context"
	"math/big"
	"sort"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/xerrors"

	"github.com/filecoin-project/go-address"
	"github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/build"
	"github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/chain/messagepool/gasguess"
	"github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/chain/types"
	"github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/chain/vm"
	abig "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/abi/big"
	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
)

var bigBlockGasLimit = big.NewInt(build.BlockGasLimit)

type msgChain struct {
	msgs      []*types.SignedMessage
	gasReward *big.Int
	gasLimit  int64
	gasPerf   float64
	valid     bool
	next      *msgChain
}

func (mp *MessagePool) SelectMessages(ts *types.TipSet) ([]*types.SignedMessage, error) {
	mp.curTsLk.Lock()
	curTs := mp.curTs
	mp.curTsLk.Unlock()

	mp.lk.Lock()
	defer mp.lk.Unlock()

	return mp.selectMessages(curTs, ts)
}

func (mp *MessagePool) selectMessages(curTs, ts *types.TipSet) ([]*types.SignedMessage, error) {
	start := time.Now()
	defer func() {
		log.Infof("message selection took %s", time.Since(start))
	}()

	// 0. Load messages for the target tipset; if it is the same as the current tipset in the mpool
	//    then this is just the pending messages
	pending, err := mp.getPendingMessages(curTs, ts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// 1. Create a list of dependent message chains with maximal gas reward per limit consumed
	var chains []*msgChain
	for actor, mset := range pending {
		next := mp.createMessageChains(actor, mset, ts)
		chains = append(chains, next...)
	}

	// 2. Sort the chains
	sort.Slice(chains, func(i, j int) bool {
		return chains[i].Before(chains[j])
	})

	// 3. Merge the head chains to produce the list of messages selected for inclusion, subject to
	//    the block gas limit.
	result := make([]*types.SignedMessage, 0, mp.maxTxPoolSizeLo)
	gasLimit := int64(build.BlockGasLimit)
	minGas := int64(gasguess.MinGas)
	last := len(chains)
	for i, chain := range chains {
		// does it fit in the block?
		if chain.gasLimit <= gasLimit {
			gasLimit -= chain.gasLimit
			result = append(result, chain.msgs...)
			continue
		}

		// we can't fit this chain because of block gasLimit -- we are at the edge
		last = i
		break
	}

	// 4. We have reached the edge of what we can fit wholesale; if we still have available gasLimit
	// to pack some more chains, then trim the last chain and push it down.
	// Trimming invalidates subsequent dependent chains so that they can't be selected as their
	// dependency cannot be (fully) included.
	// We do this in a loop because the blocker might have been inordinately large and we might
	// have to do it multiple times to satisfy tail packing.
tailLoop:
	for gasLimit >= minGas && last < len(chains) {
		// trim
		chains[last].Trim(gasLimit, mp, ts)

		// push down if it hasn't been invalidated
		if chains[last].valid {
			for i := last; i < len(chains)-1; i++ {
				if chains[i].Before(chains[i+1]) {
					break
				}
				chains[i], chains[i+1] = chains[i+1], chains[i]
			}
		}

		// select the next (valid and fitting) chain for inclusion
		for i, chain := range chains[last:] {
			// has the chain been invalidated
			if !chain.valid {
				continue
			}
			// does it fit in the bock?
			if chain.gasLimit <= gasLimit {
				gasLimit -= chain.gasLimit
				result = append(result, chain.msgs...)
				continue
			}
			// this chain needs to be trimmed
			last = i
			continue tailLoop
		}

		// the merge loop ended after processing all the chains and we probably still have gas to spare
		// -- mark the end.
		last = len(chains)
	}

	return result, nil
}

func (mp *MessagePool) getPendingMessages(curTs, ts *types.TipSet) (map[address.Address]map[uint64]*types.SignedMessage, error) {
	result := make(map[address.Address]map[uint64]*types.SignedMessage)
	haveCids := make(map[cid.Cid]struct{})

	// are we in sync?
	inSync := false
	if curTs.Height() == ts.Height() && curTs.Equals(ts) {
		inSync = true
	}

	// first add our current pending messages
	for a, mset := range mp.pending {
		if inSync {
			// no need to copy the map
			result[a] = mset.msgs
		} else {
			// we need to copy the map to avoid clobbering it as we load more messages
			msetCopy := make(map[uint64]*types.SignedMessage, len(mset.msgs))
			for nonce, m := range mset.msgs {
				msetCopy[nonce] = m
			}
			result[a] = msetCopy

			// mark the messages as seen
			for _, m := range mset.msgs {
				haveCids[m.Cid()] = struct{}{}
			}
		}
	}

	// we are in sync, that's the happy path
	if inSync {
		return result, nil
	}

	// nope, we need to sync the tipsets
	for {
		if curTs.Height() == ts.Height() {
			if curTs.Equals(ts) {
				return result, nil
			}

			// different blocks in tipsets -- we mark them as seen so that they are not included in
			// in the message set we return, but *neither me (vyzo) nor why understand why*
			// this code is also probably completely untested in production, so I am adding a big fat
			// warning to revisit this case and sanity check this decision.
			log.Warnf("mpool tipset has same height as target tipset but it's not equal; beware of dragons!")

			have, err := mp.MessagesForBlocks(ts.Blocks())
			if err != nil {
				return nil, xerrors.Errorf("error retrieving messages for tipset: %w", err)
			}

			for _, m := range have {
				haveCids[m.Cid()] = struct{}{}
			}
		}

		msgs, err := mp.MessagesForBlocks(ts.Blocks())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, xerrors.Errorf("error retrieving messages for tipset: %w", err)
		}

		for _, m := range msgs {
			if _, have := haveCids[m.Cid()]; have {
				continue
			}

			haveCids[m.Cid()] = struct{}{}
			mset, ok := result[m.Message.From]
			if !ok {
				mset = make(map[uint64]*types.SignedMessage)
				result[m.Message.From] = mset
			}

			other, dupNonce := mset[m.Message.Nonce]
			if dupNonce {
				// duplicate nonce, selfishly keep the message with the highest GasPrice
				// if the gas prices are the same, keep the one with the highest GasLimit
				switch m.Message.GasPrice.Int.Cmp(other.Message.GasPrice.Int) {
				case 0:
					if m.Message.GasLimit > other.Message.GasLimit {
						mset[m.Message.Nonce] = m
					}
				case 1:
					mset[m.Message.Nonce] = m
				}
			} else {
				mset[m.Message.Nonce] = m
			}
		}

		if curTs.Height() >= ts.Height() {
			return result, nil
		}

		ts, err = mp.api.LoadTipSet(ts.Parents())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, xerrors.Errorf("error loading parent tipset: %w", err)
		}
	}
}

func (mp *MessagePool) getGasReward(msg *types.SignedMessage, ts *types.TipSet) *big.Int {
	al := func(ctx context.Context, addr address.Address, tsk types.TipSetKey) (*types.Actor, error) {
		return mp.api.StateGetActor(addr, ts)
	}
	gasUsed, err := gasguess.GuessGasUsed(context.TODO(), types.EmptyTSK, msg, al)
	if err != nil {
		gasUsed = int64(gasguess.MaxGas)
		if gasUsed > msg.Message.GasLimit/2 {
			gasUsed = msg.Message.GasLimit / 2
		}
		// if we start seeing this warning we may have a problem with spammers!
		log.Warnf("Cannot guess gas usage for message: %s; using %d", err, gasUsed)
	}
	gasReward := abig.Mul(msg.Message.GasPrice, types.NewInt(uint64(gasUsed)))
	return gasReward.Int
}

func (mp *MessagePool) getGasPerf(gasReward *big.Int, gasLimit int64) float64 {
	// gasPerf = gasReward * build.BlockGasLimit / gasLimit
	a := new(big.Rat).SetInt(new(big.Int).Mul(gasReward, bigBlockGasLimit))
	b := big.NewRat(1, gasLimit)
	c := new(big.Rat).Mul(a, b)
	r, _ := c.Float64()
	return r
}

func (mp *MessagePool) createMessageChains(actor address.Address, mset map[uint64]*types.SignedMessage, ts *types.TipSet) []*msgChain {
	// collect all messages
	msgs := make([]*types.SignedMessage, 0, len(mset))
	for _, m := range mset {
		msgs = append(msgs, m)
	}

	// sort by nonce
	sort.Slice(msgs, func(i, j int) bool {
		return msgs[i].Message.Nonce < msgs[j].Message.Nonce
	})

	// sanity checks:
	// - there can be no gaps in nonces, starting from the current actor nonce
	//   if there is a gap, drop messages after the gap, we can't include them
	// - all messages must have minimum gas and the total gas for the candidate messages
	//   cannot exceed the block limit; drop all messages that exceed the limit
	// - the total gasReward cannot exceed the actor's balance; drop all messages that exceed
	//   the balance
	a, _ := mp.api.StateGetActor(actor, ts)
	curNonce := a.Nonce
	balance := a.Balance.Int
	gasLimit := int64(0)
	i := 0
	rewards := make([]*big.Int, 0, len(msgs))
	for i = 0; i < len(msgs); i++ {
		m := msgs[i]

		if m.Message.Nonce < curNonce {
			log.Warnf("encountered message from actor %s with nonce (%d) less than the current nonce (%d)",
				actor, m.Message.Nonce, curNonce)
			continue
		}

		if m.Message.Nonce != curNonce {
			break
		}
		curNonce++

		minGas := vm.PricelistByEpoch(ts.Height()).OnChainMessage(m.ChainLength()).Total()
		if m.Message.GasLimit < minGas {
			break
		}

		gasLimit += m.Message.GasLimit
		if gasLimit > build.BlockGasLimit {
			break
		}

		required := m.Message.RequiredFunds().Int
		if balance.Cmp(required) < 0 {
			break
		}
		balance = new(big.Int).Sub(balance, required)

		value := m.Message.Value.Int
		if balance.Cmp(value) >= 0 {
			// Note: we only account for the value if the balance doesn't drop below 0
			//       otherwise the message will fail and the miner can reap the gas rewards
			balance = new(big.Int).Sub(balance, value)
		}

		gasReward := mp.getGasReward(m, ts)
		rewards = append(rewards, gasReward)
	}

	// check we have a sane set of messages to construct the chains
	if i > 0 {
		msgs = msgs[:i]
	} else {
		return nil
	}

	// ok, now we can construct the chains using the messages we have
	// invariant: each chain has a bigger gasPerf than the next -- otherwise they can be merged
	// and increase the gasPerf of the first chain
	// We do this in two passes:
	// - in the first pass we create chains that aggreagate messages with non-decreasing gasPerf
	// - in the second pass we merge chains to maintain the invariant.
	var chains []*msgChain
	var curChain *msgChain

	newChain := func(m *types.SignedMessage, i int) *msgChain {
		chain := new(msgChain)
		chain.msgs = []*types.SignedMessage{m}
		chain.gasReward = rewards[i]
		chain.gasLimit = m.Message.GasLimit
		chain.gasPerf = mp.getGasPerf(chain.gasReward, chain.gasLimit)
		chain.valid = true
		return chain
	}

	// create the individual chains
	for i, m := range msgs {
		if curChain == nil {
			curChain = newChain(m, i)
			continue
		}

		gasReward := new(big.Int).Add(curChain.gasReward, rewards[i])
		gasLimit := curChain.gasLimit + m.Message.GasLimit
		gasPerf := mp.getGasPerf(gasReward, gasLimit)

		// try to add the message to the current chain -- if it decreases the gasPerf, then make a
		// new chain
		if gasPerf < curChain.gasPerf {
			chains = append(chains, curChain)
			curChain = newChain(m, i)
		} else {
			curChain.msgs = append(curChain.msgs, m)
			curChain.gasReward = gasReward
			curChain.gasLimit = gasLimit
			curChain.gasPerf = gasPerf
		}
	}
	chains = append(chains, curChain)

	// merge chains to maintain the invariant
	for {
		merged := 0

		for i := len(chains) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
			if chains[i].gasPerf >= chains[i-1].gasPerf {
				chains[i-1].msgs = append(chains[i-1].msgs, chains[i].msgs...)
				chains[i-1].gasReward = new(big.Int).Add(chains[i-1].gasReward, chains[i].gasReward)
				chains[i-1].gasLimit += chains[i].gasLimit
				chains[i-1].gasPerf = mp.getGasPerf(chains[i-1].gasReward, chains[i-1].gasLimit)
				chains[i].valid = false
				merged++
			}
		}

		if merged == 0 {
			break
		}

		// drop invalidated chains
		newChains := make([]*msgChain, 0, len(chains)-merged)
		for _, c := range chains {
			if c.valid {
				newChains = append(newChains, c)
			}
		}
		chains = newChains
	}

	// link dependent chains
	for i := 0; i < len(chains)-1; i++ {
		chains[i].next = chains[i+1]
	}

	return chains
}

func (mc *msgChain) Before(other *msgChain) bool {
	return mc.gasPerf > other.gasPerf ||
		(mc.gasPerf == other.gasPerf && mc.gasReward.Cmp(other.gasReward) > 0)
}

func (mc *msgChain) Trim(gasLimit int64, mp *MessagePool, ts *types.TipSet) {
	i := len(mc.msgs) - 1
	for i >= 0 && mc.gasLimit > gasLimit {
		gasLimit -= mc.msgs[i].Message.GasLimit
		gasReward := mp.getGasReward(mc.msgs[i], ts)
		mc.gasReward = new(big.Int).Sub(mc.gasReward, gasReward)
		mc.gasLimit -= mc.msgs[i].Message.GasLimit
		if mc.gasLimit > 0 {
			mc.gasPerf = mp.getGasPerf(mc.gasReward, mc.gasLimit)
		} else {
			mc.gasPerf = 0
		}
		i--
	}

	if i < 0 {
		mc.msgs = nil
		mc.valid = false
	} else {
		mc.msgs = mc.msgs[:i+1]
	}

	if mc.next != nil {
		mc.next.invalidate()
		mc.next = nil
	}
}

func (mc *msgChain) invalidate() {
	mc.valid = false
	mc.msgs = nil
	if mc.next != nil {
		mc.next.invalidate()
		mc.next = nil
	}
}