package cli import ( "bytes" "context" "encoding/json" "fmt" "reflect" "strconv" "strings" "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/builtin" "github.com/filecoin-project/go-address" "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/abi" "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/builtin/market" miner2 "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/builtin/miner" samsig "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/builtin/multisig" "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/builtin/paych" "github.com/filecoin-project/specs-actors/actors/builtin/power" "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-core/peer" "golang.org/x/xerrors" "github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/api" "github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/chain/types" "github.com/filecoin-project/lotus/miner" "github.com/docker/go-units" "github.com/ipfs/go-cid" cbg "github.com/whyrusleeping/cbor-gen" "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v2" ) var stateCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "state", Usage: "Interact with and query filecoin chain state", Flags: []cli.Flag{ &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "tipset", Usage: "specify tipset to call method on (pass comma separated array of cids)", }, }, Subcommands: []*cli.Command{ statePowerCmd, stateSectorsCmd, stateProvingSetCmd, statePledgeCollateralCmd, stateListActorsCmd, stateListMinersCmd, stateGetActorCmd, stateLookupIDCmd, stateReplaySetCmd, stateSectorSizeCmd, stateReadStateCmd, stateListMessagesCmd, stateComputeStateCmd, stateCallCmd, stateGetDealSetCmd, stateWaitMsgCmd, stateSearchMsgCmd, stateMinerInfo, }, } var stateMinerInfo = &cli.Command{ Name: "miner-info", Usage: "Retrieve miner information", ArgsUsage: "[minerAddress]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must specify miner to get information for") } addr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } act, err := api.StateGetActor(ctx, addr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } aso, err := api.ChainReadObj(ctx, act.Head) if err != nil { return err } var mst miner2.State if err := mst.UnmarshalCBOR(bytes.NewReader(aso)); err != nil { return err } mi := mst.Info fmt.Printf("Owner:\t%s\n", mi.Owner) fmt.Printf("Worker:\t%s\n", mi.Worker) fmt.Printf("PeerID:\t%s\n", mi.PeerId) fmt.Printf("SectorSize:\t%s (%d)\n", units.BytesSize(float64(mi.SectorSize)), mi.SectorSize) return nil }, } func parseTipSetString(cctx *cli.Context) ([]cid.Cid, error) { ts := cctx.String("tipset") if ts == "" { return nil, nil } strs := strings.Split(ts, ",") var cids []cid.Cid for _, s := range strs { c, err := cid.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(s)) if err != nil { return nil, err } cids = append(cids, c) } return cids, nil } func LoadTipSet(ctx context.Context, cctx *cli.Context, api api.FullNode) (*types.TipSet, error) { cids, err := parseTipSetString(cctx) if err != nil { return nil, err } if len(cids) == 0 { return nil, nil } k := types.NewTipSetKey(cids...) ts, err := api.ChainGetTipSet(ctx, k) if err != nil { return nil, err } return ts, nil } var statePowerCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "power", Usage: "Query network or miner power", ArgsUsage: "[ (optional)]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) var maddr address.Address if cctx.Args().Present() { maddr, err = address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } power, err := api.StateMinerPower(ctx, maddr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } tp := power.TotalPower if cctx.Args().Present() { mp := power.MinerPower percI := types.BigDiv(types.BigMul(mp, types.NewInt(1000000)), tp) fmt.Printf("%s(%s) / %s(%s) ~= %0.4f%%\n", mp.String(), types.SizeStr(mp), tp.String(), types.SizeStr(tp), float64(percI.Int64())/10000) } else { fmt.Printf("%s(%s)\n", tp.String(), types.SizeStr(tp)) } return nil }, } var stateSectorsCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "sectors", Usage: "Query the sector set of a miner", ArgsUsage: "[minerAddress]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must specify miner to list sectors for") } maddr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } sectors, err := api.StateMinerSectors(ctx, maddr, nil, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } for _, s := range sectors { fmt.Printf("%d: %x\n", s.Info.Info.SectorNumber, s.Info.Info.SealedCID) } return nil }, } var stateProvingSetCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "proving", Usage: "Query the proving set of a miner", ArgsUsage: "[minerAddress]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must specify miner to list sectors for") } maddr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } sectors, err := api.StateMinerProvingSet(ctx, maddr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } for _, s := range sectors { fmt.Printf("%d: %x\n", s.Info.Info.SectorNumber, s.Info.Info.SealedCID) } return nil }, } var stateReplaySetCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "replay", Usage: "Replay a particular message within a tipset", ArgsUsage: "[tipsetKey messageCid]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { if cctx.Args().Len() < 1 { fmt.Println("usage: [tipset] ") fmt.Println("The last cid passed will be used as the message CID") fmt.Println("All preceding ones will be used as the tipset") return nil } args := cctx.Args().Slice() mcid, err := cid.Decode(args[len(args)-1]) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("message cid was invalid: %s", err) } api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) var ts *types.TipSet { var tscids []cid.Cid for _, s := range args[:len(args)-1] { c, err := cid.Decode(s) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("tipset cid was invalid: %s", err) } tscids = append(tscids, c) } if len(tscids) > 0 { var headers []*types.BlockHeader for _, c := range tscids { h, err := api.ChainGetBlock(ctx, c) if err != nil { return err } headers = append(headers, h) } ts, err = types.NewTipSet(headers) } else { r, err := api.StateWaitMsg(ctx, mcid) if err != nil { return xerrors.Errorf("finding message in chain: %w", err) } ts, err = api.ChainGetTipSet(ctx, r.TipSet.Parents()) } if err != nil { return err } } res, err := api.StateReplay(ctx, ts.Key(), mcid) if err != nil { return xerrors.Errorf("replay call failed: %w", err) } fmt.Println("Replay receipt:") fmt.Printf("Exit code: %d\n", res.MsgRct.ExitCode) fmt.Printf("Return: %x\n", res.MsgRct.Return) fmt.Printf("Gas Used: %d\n", res.MsgRct.GasUsed) if res.MsgRct.ExitCode != 0 { fmt.Printf("Error message: %q\n", res.Error) } return nil }, } var statePledgeCollateralCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "pledge-collateral", Usage: "Get minimum miner pledge collateral", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } coll, err := api.StatePledgeCollateral(ctx, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println(types.FIL(coll)) return nil }, } var stateGetDealSetCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "get-deal", Usage: "View on-chain deal info", ArgsUsage: "[dealId]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must specify deal ID") } dealid, err := strconv.ParseUint(cctx.Args().First(), 10, 64) if err != nil { return xerrors.Errorf("parsing deal ID: %w", err) } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } deal, err := api.StateMarketStorageDeal(ctx, abi.DealID(dealid), ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } data, err := json.MarshalIndent(deal, "", " ") if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println(string(data)) return nil }, } var stateListMinersCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "list-miners", Usage: "list all miners in the network", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } miners, err := api.StateListMiners(ctx, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } for _, m := range miners { fmt.Println(m.String()) } return nil }, } var stateListActorsCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "list-actors", Usage: "list all actors in the network", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } actors, err := api.StateListActors(ctx, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } for _, a := range actors { fmt.Println(a.String()) } return nil }, } var stateGetActorCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "get-actor", Usage: "Print actor information", ArgsUsage: "[actorrAddress]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must pass address of actor to get") } addr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } a, err := api.StateGetActor(ctx, addr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Printf("Address:\t%s\n", addr) fmt.Printf("Balance:\t%s\n", types.FIL(a.Balance)) fmt.Printf("Nonce:\t\t%d\n", a.Nonce) fmt.Printf("Code:\t\t%s\n", a.Code) fmt.Printf("Head:\t\t%s\n", a.Head) return nil }, } var stateLookupIDCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "lookup", Usage: "Find corresponding ID address", ArgsUsage: "[address]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must pass address of actor to get") } addr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } a, err := api.StateLookupID(ctx, addr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Printf("%s\n", a) return nil }, } var stateSectorSizeCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "sector-size", Usage: "Look up miners sector size", ArgsUsage: "[minerAddress]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must pass miner's address") } addr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } mi, err := api.StateMinerInfo(ctx, addr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Printf("%d\n", mi.SectorSize) return nil }, } var stateReadStateCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "read-state", Usage: "View a json representation of an actors state", ArgsUsage: "[actorAddress]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must pass address of actor to get") } addr, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } act, err := api.StateGetActor(ctx, addr, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } as, err := api.StateReadState(ctx, act, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } data, err := json.MarshalIndent(as.State, "", " ") if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println(string(data)) return nil }, } var stateListMessagesCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "list-messages", Usage: "list messages on chain matching given criteria", Flags: []cli.Flag{ &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "to", Usage: "return messages to a given address", }, &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "from", Usage: "return messages from a given address", }, &cli.Uint64Flag{ Name: "toheight", Usage: "don't look before given block height", }, &cli.BoolFlag{ Name: "cids", Usage: "print message CIDs instead of messages", }, }, Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) var toa, froma address.Address if tos := cctx.String("to"); tos != "" { a, err := address.NewFromString(tos) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("given 'to' address %q was invalid: %w", tos, err) } toa = a } if froms := cctx.String("from"); froms != "" { a, err := address.NewFromString(froms) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("given 'from' address %q was invalid: %w", froms, err) } froma = a } toh := cctx.Uint64("toheight") ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } msgs, err := api.StateListMessages(ctx, &types.Message{To: toa, From: froma}, ts.Key(), abi.ChainEpoch(toh)) if err != nil { return err } for _, c := range msgs { if cctx.Bool("cids") { fmt.Println(c.String()) continue } m, err := api.ChainGetMessage(ctx, c) if err != nil { return err } b, err := json.MarshalIndent(m, "", " ") if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println(string(b)) } return nil }, } var stateComputeStateCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "compute-state", Usage: "Perform state computations", Flags: []cli.Flag{ &cli.Uint64Flag{ Name: "height", Usage: "set the height to compute state at", }, &cli.BoolFlag{ Name: "apply-mpool-messages", Usage: "apply messages from the mempool to the computed state", }, &cli.BoolFlag{ Name: "show-trace", Usage: "print out full execution trace for given tipset", }, }, Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } h := abi.ChainEpoch(cctx.Uint64("height")) if h == 0 { if ts == nil { head, err := api.ChainHead(ctx) if err != nil { return err } ts = head } h = ts.Height() } var msgs []*types.Message if cctx.Bool("apply-mpool-messages") { pmsgs, err := api.MpoolPending(ctx, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } pmsgs, err = miner.SelectMessages(ctx, api.StateGetActor, ts, pmsgs) if err != nil { return err } for _, sm := range pmsgs { msgs = append(msgs, &sm.Message) } } stout, err := api.StateCompute(ctx, h, msgs, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Println("computed state cid: ", stout.Root) if cctx.Bool("show-trace") { for _, ir := range stout.Trace { fmt.Printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%x\t%d\t%x\n", ir.Msg.From, ir.Msg.To, ir.Msg.Value, ir.Msg.Method, ir.Msg.Params, ir.MsgRct.ExitCode, ir.MsgRct.Return) printInternalExecutions("\t", ir.InternalExecutions) } } return nil }, } func printInternalExecutions(prefix string, trace []*types.ExecutionResult) { for _, im := range trace { fmt.Printf("%s%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%x\t%d\t%x\n", prefix, im.Msg.From, im.Msg.To, im.Msg.Value, im.Msg.Method, im.Msg.Params, im.MsgRct.ExitCode, im.MsgRct.Return) printInternalExecutions(prefix+"\t", im.Subcalls) } } var stateWaitMsgCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "wait-msg", Usage: "Wait for a message to appear on chain", ArgsUsage: "[messageCid]", Flags: []cli.Flag{ &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "timeout", Value: "10m", }, }, Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must specify message cid to wait for") } api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) msg, err := cid.Decode(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } mw, err := api.StateWaitMsg(ctx, msg) if err != nil { return err } fmt.Printf("message was executed in tipset: %s", mw.TipSet.Cids()) fmt.Printf("Exit Code: %d", mw.Receipt.ExitCode) fmt.Printf("Gas Used: %d", mw.Receipt.GasUsed) fmt.Printf("Return: %x", mw.Receipt.Return) return nil }, } var stateSearchMsgCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "search-msg", Usage: "Search to see whether a message has appeared on chain", ArgsUsage: "[messageCid]", Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { if !cctx.Args().Present() { return fmt.Errorf("must specify message cid to search for") } api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) msg, err := cid.Decode(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return err } mw, err := api.StateSearchMsg(ctx, msg) if err != nil { return err } if mw != nil { fmt.Printf("message was executed in tipset: %s", mw.TipSet.Cids()) fmt.Printf("\nExit Code: %d", mw.Receipt.ExitCode) fmt.Printf("\nGas Used: %d", mw.Receipt.GasUsed) fmt.Printf("\nReturn: %x", mw.Receipt.Return) } else { fmt.Print("message was not found on chain") } return nil }, } var stateCallCmd = &cli.Command{ Name: "call", Usage: "Invoke a method on an actor locally", ArgsUsage: "[toAddress methodId (optional)]", Flags: []cli.Flag{ &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "from", Usage: "", Value: builtin.SystemActorAddr.String(), }, &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "value", Usage: "specify value field for invocation", Value: "0", }, &cli.StringFlag{ Name: "ret", Usage: "specify how to parse output (auto, raw, addr, big)", Value: "auto", }, }, Action: func(cctx *cli.Context) error { if cctx.Args().Len() < 2 { return fmt.Errorf("must specify at least actor and method to invoke") } api, closer, err := GetFullNodeAPI(cctx) if err != nil { return err } defer closer() ctx := ReqContext(cctx) toa, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.Args().First()) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("given 'to' address %q was invalid: %w", cctx.Args().First(), err) } froma, err := address.NewFromString(cctx.String("from")) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("given 'from' address %q was invalid: %w", cctx.String("from"), err) } ts, err := LoadTipSet(ctx, cctx, api) if err != nil { return err } method, err := strconv.ParseUint(cctx.Args().Get(1), 10, 64) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("must pass method as a number") } value, err := types.ParseFIL(cctx.String("value")) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse 'value': %s", err) } act, err := api.StateGetActor(ctx, toa, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup target actor: %s", err) } params, err := parseParamsForMethod(act.Code, method, cctx.Args().Slice()[2:]) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse params: %s", err) } ret, err := api.StateCall(ctx, &types.Message{ From: froma, To: toa, Value: types.BigInt(value), GasLimit: 10000000000, GasPrice: types.NewInt(0), Method: abi.MethodNum(method), Params: params, }, ts.Key()) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("state call failed: %s", err) } if ret.MsgRct.ExitCode != 0 { return fmt.Errorf("invocation failed (exit: %d): %s", ret.MsgRct.ExitCode, ret.Error) } s, err := formatOutput(cctx.String("ret"), ret.MsgRct.Return) if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("failed to format output: %s", err) } fmt.Printf("return: %s\n", s) return nil }, } func formatOutput(t string, val []byte) (string, error) { switch t { case "raw", "hex": return fmt.Sprintf("%x", val), nil case "address", "addr", "a": a, err := address.NewFromBytes(val) if err != nil { return "", err } return a.String(), nil case "big", "int", "bigint": bi := types.BigFromBytes(val) return bi.String(), nil case "fil": bi := types.FIL(types.BigFromBytes(val)) return bi.String(), nil case "pid", "peerid", "peer": pid, err := peer.IDFromBytes(val) if err != nil { return "", err } return pid.Pretty(), nil case "auto": if len(val) == 0 { return "", nil } a, err := address.NewFromBytes(val) if err == nil { return "address: " + a.String(), nil } pid, err := peer.IDFromBytes(val) if err == nil { return "peerID: " + pid.Pretty(), nil } bi := types.BigFromBytes(val) return "bigint: " + bi.String(), nil default: return "", fmt.Errorf("unrecognized output type: %q", t) } } func parseParamsForMethod(act cid.Cid, method uint64, args []string) ([]byte, error) { if len(args) == 0 { return nil, nil } var f interface{} switch act { case builtin.StorageMarketActorCodeID: f = market.Actor{}.Exports()[method] case builtin.StorageMinerActorCodeID: f = miner2.Actor{}.Exports()[method] case builtin.StoragePowerActorCodeID: f = power.Actor{}.Exports()[method] case builtin.MultisigActorCodeID: f = samsig.Actor{}.Exports()[method] case builtin.PaymentChannelActorCodeID: f = paych.Actor{}.Exports()[method] default: return nil, fmt.Errorf("the lazy devs didnt add support for that actor to this call yet") } rf := reflect.TypeOf(f) if rf.NumIn() != 3 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected referenced method to have three arguments") } paramObj := rf.In(2).Elem() if paramObj.NumField() != len(args) { return nil, fmt.Errorf("not enough arguments given to call that method (expecting %d)", paramObj.NumField()) } p := reflect.New(paramObj) for i := 0; i < len(args); i++ { switch paramObj.Field(i).Type { case reflect.TypeOf(address.Address{}): a, err := address.NewFromString(args[i]) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse address: %s", err) } p.Elem().Field(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(a)) case reflect.TypeOf(uint64(0)): val, err := strconv.ParseUint(args[i], 10, 64) if err != nil { return nil, err } p.Elem().Field(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(val)) case reflect.TypeOf(peer.ID("")): pid, err := peer.IDB58Decode(args[i]) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse peer ID: %s", err) } p.Elem().Field(i).Set(reflect.ValueOf(pid)) default: return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type for call (TODO): %s", paramObj.Field(i).Type) } } m := p.Interface().(cbg.CBORMarshaler) buf := new(bytes.Buffer) if err := m.MarshalCBOR(buf); err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal param object: %s", err) } return buf.Bytes(), nil }