lighthouse/beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/canonical_head.rs

1421 lines
58 KiB
Rust

//! This module provides all functionality for finding the canonical head, updating all necessary
//! components (e.g. caches) and maintaining a cached head block and state.
//!
//! For practically all applications, the "canonical head" can be read using
//! `beacon_chain.canonical_head.cached_head()`.
//!
//! The canonical head can be updated using `beacon_chain.recompute_head()`.
//!
//! ## Deadlock safety
//!
//! This module contains three locks:
//!
//! 1. `RwLock<BeaconForkChoice>`: Contains `proto_array` fork choice.
//! 2. `RwLock<CachedHead>`: Contains a cached block/state from the last run of `proto_array`.
//! 3. `Mutex<()>`: Is used to prevent concurrent execution of `BeaconChain::recompute_head`.
//!
//! This module has to take great efforts to avoid causing a deadlock with these three methods. Any
//! developers working in this module should tread carefully and seek a detailed review.
//!
//! To encourage safe use of this module, it should **only ever return a read or write lock for the
//! fork choice lock (lock 1)**. Whilst public functions might indirectly utilise locks (2) and (3),
//! the fundamental `RwLockWriteGuard` or `RwLockReadGuard` should never be exposed. This prevents
//! external functions from acquiring these locks in conflicting orders and causing a deadlock.
//!
//! ## Design Considerations
//!
//! We separate the `BeaconForkChoice` and `CachedHead` into two `RwLocks` because we want to ensure
//! fast access to the `CachedHead`. If we were to put them both under the same lock, we would need
//! to take an exclusive write-lock on it in order to run `ForkChoice::get_head`. This can take tens
//! of milliseconds and would block all downstream functions that want to know simple things like
//! the head block root. This is unacceptable for fast-responding functions like the networking
//! stack.
use crate::persisted_fork_choice::PersistedForkChoice;
use crate::{
beacon_chain::{
BeaconForkChoice, BeaconStore, OverrideForkchoiceUpdate,
BLOCK_PROCESSING_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT, FORK_CHOICE_DB_KEY,
},
block_times_cache::BlockTimesCache,
events::ServerSentEventHandler,
metrics,
validator_monitor::{get_slot_delay_ms, timestamp_now},
BeaconChain, BeaconChainError as Error, BeaconChainTypes, BeaconSnapshot,
};
use eth2::types::{EventKind, SseChainReorg, SseFinalizedCheckpoint, SseHead, SseLateHead};
use fork_choice::{
CountUnrealizedFull, ExecutionStatus, ForkChoiceView, ForkchoiceUpdateParameters, ProtoBlock,
ResetPayloadStatuses,
};
use itertools::process_results;
use parking_lot::{Mutex, RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
use slog::{crit, debug, error, warn, Logger};
use slot_clock::SlotClock;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Duration;
use store::{iter::StateRootsIterator, KeyValueStoreOp, StoreItem};
use task_executor::{JoinHandle, ShutdownReason};
use types::*;
/// Simple wrapper around `RwLock` that uses private visibility to prevent any other modules from
/// accessing the contained lock without it being explicitly noted in this module.
pub struct CanonicalHeadRwLock<T>(RwLock<T>);
impl<T> From<RwLock<T>> for CanonicalHeadRwLock<T> {
fn from(rw_lock: RwLock<T>) -> Self {
Self(rw_lock)
}
}
impl<T> CanonicalHeadRwLock<T> {
fn new(item: T) -> Self {
Self::from(RwLock::new(item))
}
fn read(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<T> {
self.0.read()
}
fn write(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<T> {
self.0.write()
}
}
/// Provides a series of cached values from the last time `BeaconChain::recompute_head` was run.
///
/// This struct is designed to be cheap-to-clone, any large fields should be wrapped in an `Arc` (or
/// similar).
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct CachedHead<E: EthSpec> {
/// Provides the head block and state from the last time the head was updated.
pub snapshot: Arc<BeaconSnapshot<E>>,
/// The justified checkpoint as per `self.fork_choice`.
///
/// This value may be distinct to the `self.snapshot.beacon_state.justified_checkpoint`.
/// This value should be used over the beacon state value in practically all circumstances.
justified_checkpoint: Checkpoint,
/// The finalized checkpoint as per `self.fork_choice`.
///
/// This value may be distinct to the `self.snapshot.beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint`.
/// This value should be used over the beacon state value in practically all circumstances.
finalized_checkpoint: Checkpoint,
/// The `execution_payload.block_hash` of the block at the head of the chain. Set to `None`
/// before Bellatrix.
head_hash: Option<ExecutionBlockHash>,
/// The `execution_payload.block_hash` of the justified block. Set to `None` before Bellatrix.
justified_hash: Option<ExecutionBlockHash>,
/// The `execution_payload.block_hash` of the finalized block. Set to `None` before Bellatrix.
finalized_hash: Option<ExecutionBlockHash>,
}
impl<E: EthSpec> CachedHead<E> {
/// Returns root of the block at the head of the beacon chain.
pub fn head_block_root(&self) -> Hash256 {
self.snapshot.beacon_block_root
}
/// Returns the root of the parent of the head block.
pub fn parent_block_root(&self) -> Hash256 {
self.snapshot.beacon_block.parent_root()
}
/// Returns root of the `BeaconState` at the head of the beacon chain.
///
/// ## Note
///
/// This `BeaconState` has *not* been advanced to the current slot, it has the same slot as the
/// head block.
pub fn head_state_root(&self) -> Hash256 {
self.snapshot.beacon_state_root()
}
/// Returns slot of the block at the head of the beacon chain.
///
/// ## Notes
///
/// This is *not* the current slot as per the system clock. Use `BeaconChain::slot` for the
/// system clock (aka "wall clock") slot.
pub fn head_slot(&self) -> Slot {
self.snapshot.beacon_block.slot()
}
/// Returns the `Fork` from the `BeaconState` at the head of the chain.
pub fn head_fork(&self) -> Fork {
self.snapshot.beacon_state.fork()
}
/// Returns the randao mix for the block at the head of the chain.
pub fn head_random(&self) -> Result<Hash256, BeaconStateError> {
let state = &self.snapshot.beacon_state;
let root = *state.get_randao_mix(state.current_epoch())?;
Ok(root)
}
/// Returns the randao mix for the parent of the block at the head of the chain.
///
/// This is useful for re-orging the current head. The parent's RANDAO value is read from
/// the head's execution payload because it is unavailable in the beacon state's RANDAO mixes
/// array after being overwritten by the head block's RANDAO mix.
///
/// This will error if the head block is not execution-enabled (post Bellatrix).
pub fn parent_random(&self) -> Result<Hash256, BeaconStateError> {
self.snapshot
.beacon_block
.message()
.execution_payload()
.map(|payload| payload.prev_randao())
}
/// Returns the active validator count for the current epoch of the head state.
///
/// Should only return `None` if the caches have not been built on the head state (this should
/// never happen).
pub fn active_validator_count(&self) -> Option<usize> {
self.snapshot
.beacon_state
.get_cached_active_validator_indices(RelativeEpoch::Current)
.map(|indices| indices.len())
.ok()
}
/// Returns the finalized checkpoint, as determined by fork choice.
///
/// ## Note
///
/// This is *not* the finalized checkpoint of the `head_snapshot.beacon_state`, rather it is the
/// best finalized checkpoint that has been observed by `self.fork_choice`. It is possible that
/// the `head_snapshot.beacon_state` finalized value is earlier than the one returned here.
pub fn finalized_checkpoint(&self) -> Checkpoint {
self.finalized_checkpoint
}
/// Returns the justified checkpoint, as determined by fork choice.
///
/// ## Note
///
/// This is *not* the "current justified checkpoint" of the `head_snapshot.beacon_state`, rather
/// it is the justified checkpoint in the view of `self.fork_choice`. It is possible that the
/// `head_snapshot.beacon_state` justified value is different to, but not conflicting with, the
/// one returned here.
pub fn justified_checkpoint(&self) -> Checkpoint {
self.justified_checkpoint
}
/// Returns the cached values of `ForkChoice::forkchoice_update_parameters`.
///
/// Useful for supplying to the execution layer.
pub fn forkchoice_update_parameters(&self) -> ForkchoiceUpdateParameters {
ForkchoiceUpdateParameters {
head_root: self.snapshot.beacon_block_root,
head_hash: self.head_hash,
justified_hash: self.justified_hash,
finalized_hash: self.finalized_hash,
}
}
}
/// Represents the "canonical head" of the beacon chain.
///
/// The `cached_head` is elected by the `fork_choice` algorithm contained in this struct.
///
/// There is no guarantee that the state of the `fork_choice` struct will always represent the
/// `cached_head` (i.e. we may call `fork_choice` *without* updating the cached values), however
/// there is a guarantee that the `cached_head` represents some past state of `fork_choice` (i.e.
/// `fork_choice` never lags *behind* the `cached_head`).
pub struct CanonicalHead<T: BeaconChainTypes> {
/// Provides an in-memory representation of the non-finalized block tree and is used to run the
/// fork choice algorithm and determine the canonical head.
pub fork_choice: CanonicalHeadRwLock<BeaconForkChoice<T>>,
/// Provides values cached from a previous execution of `self.fork_choice.get_head`.
///
/// Although `self.fork_choice` might be slightly more advanced that this value, it is safe to
/// consider that these values represent the "canonical head" of the beacon chain.
pub cached_head: CanonicalHeadRwLock<CachedHead<T::EthSpec>>,
/// A lock used to prevent concurrent runs of `BeaconChain::recompute_head`.
///
/// This lock **should not be made public**, it should only be used inside this module.
recompute_head_lock: Mutex<()>,
}
impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> CanonicalHead<T> {
/// Instantiate `Self`.
pub fn new(
fork_choice: BeaconForkChoice<T>,
snapshot: Arc<BeaconSnapshot<T::EthSpec>>,
) -> Self {
let fork_choice_view = fork_choice.cached_fork_choice_view();
let forkchoice_update_params = fork_choice.get_forkchoice_update_parameters();
let cached_head = CachedHead {
snapshot,
justified_checkpoint: fork_choice_view.justified_checkpoint,
finalized_checkpoint: fork_choice_view.finalized_checkpoint,
head_hash: forkchoice_update_params.head_hash,
justified_hash: forkchoice_update_params.justified_hash,
finalized_hash: forkchoice_update_params.finalized_hash,
};
Self {
fork_choice: CanonicalHeadRwLock::new(fork_choice),
cached_head: CanonicalHeadRwLock::new(cached_head),
recompute_head_lock: Mutex::new(()),
}
}
/// Load a persisted version of `BeaconForkChoice` from the `store` and restore `self` to that
/// state.
///
/// This is useful if some database corruption is expected and we wish to go back to our last
/// save-point.
pub(crate) fn restore_from_store(
&self,
// We don't actually need this value, however it's always present when we call this function
// and it needs to be dropped to prevent a dead-lock. Requiring it to be passed here is
// defensive programming.
mut fork_choice_write_lock: RwLockWriteGuard<BeaconForkChoice<T>>,
reset_payload_statuses: ResetPayloadStatuses,
count_unrealized_full: CountUnrealizedFull,
store: &BeaconStore<T>,
spec: &ChainSpec,
log: &Logger,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let fork_choice = <BeaconChain<T>>::load_fork_choice(
store.clone(),
reset_payload_statuses,
count_unrealized_full,
spec,
log,
)?
.ok_or(Error::MissingPersistedForkChoice)?;
let fork_choice_view = fork_choice.cached_fork_choice_view();
let beacon_block_root = fork_choice_view.head_block_root;
let beacon_block = store
.get_full_block(&beacon_block_root)?
.ok_or(Error::MissingBeaconBlock(beacon_block_root))?;
let beacon_state_root = beacon_block.state_root();
let beacon_state = store
.get_state(&beacon_state_root, Some(beacon_block.slot()))?
.ok_or(Error::MissingBeaconState(beacon_state_root))?;
let snapshot = BeaconSnapshot {
beacon_block_root,
beacon_block: Arc::new(beacon_block),
beacon_state,
};
let forkchoice_update_params = fork_choice.get_forkchoice_update_parameters();
let cached_head = CachedHead {
snapshot: Arc::new(snapshot),
justified_checkpoint: fork_choice_view.justified_checkpoint,
finalized_checkpoint: fork_choice_view.finalized_checkpoint,
head_hash: forkchoice_update_params.head_hash,
justified_hash: forkchoice_update_params.justified_hash,
finalized_hash: forkchoice_update_params.finalized_hash,
};
*fork_choice_write_lock = fork_choice;
// Avoid interleaving the fork choice and cached head locks.
drop(fork_choice_write_lock);
*self.cached_head.write() = cached_head;
Ok(())
}
/// Returns the execution status of the block at the head of the beacon chain.
///
/// This will only return `Err` in the scenario where `self.fork_choice` has advanced
/// significantly past the cached `head_snapshot`. In such a scenario it is likely prudent to
/// run `BeaconChain::recompute_head` to update the cached values.
pub fn head_execution_status(&self) -> Result<ExecutionStatus, Error> {
let head_block_root = self.cached_head().head_block_root();
self.fork_choice_read_lock()
.get_block_execution_status(&head_block_root)
.ok_or(Error::HeadMissingFromForkChoice(head_block_root))
}
/// Returns a clone of the `CachedHead` and the execution status of the contained head block.
///
/// This will only return `Err` in the scenario where `self.fork_choice` has advanced
/// significantly past the cached `head_snapshot`. In such a scenario it is likely prudent to
/// run `BeaconChain::recompute_head` to update the cached values.
pub fn head_and_execution_status(
&self,
) -> Result<(CachedHead<T::EthSpec>, ExecutionStatus), Error> {
let head = self.cached_head();
let head_block_root = head.head_block_root();
let execution_status = self
.fork_choice_read_lock()
.get_block_execution_status(&head_block_root)
.ok_or(Error::HeadMissingFromForkChoice(head_block_root))?;
Ok((head, execution_status))
}
/// Returns a clone of `self.cached_head`.
///
/// Takes a read-lock on `self.cached_head` for a short time (just long enough to clone it).
/// The `CachedHead` is designed to be fast-to-clone so this is preferred to passing back a
/// `RwLockReadGuard`, which may cause deadlock issues (see module-level documentation).
///
/// This function is safe to be public since it does not expose any locks.
pub fn cached_head(&self) -> CachedHead<T::EthSpec> {
self.cached_head_read_lock().clone()
}
/// Access a read-lock for the cached head.
///
/// This function is **not safe** to be public. See the module-level documentation for more
/// information about protecting from deadlocks.
fn cached_head_read_lock(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<CachedHead<T::EthSpec>> {
self.cached_head.read()
}
/// Access a write-lock for the cached head.
///
/// This function is **not safe** to be public. See the module-level documentation for more
/// information about protecting from deadlocks.
fn cached_head_write_lock(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<CachedHead<T::EthSpec>> {
self.cached_head.write()
}
/// Access a read-lock for fork choice.
pub fn fork_choice_read_lock(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<BeaconForkChoice<T>> {
self.fork_choice.read()
}
/// Access a write-lock for fork choice.
pub fn fork_choice_write_lock(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<BeaconForkChoice<T>> {
self.fork_choice.write()
}
}
impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> BeaconChain<T> {
/// Contains the "best block"; the head of the canonical `BeaconChain`.
///
/// It is important to note that the `snapshot.beacon_state` returned may not match the present slot. It
/// is the state as it was when the head block was received, which could be some slots prior to
/// now.
pub fn head(&self) -> CachedHead<T::EthSpec> {
self.canonical_head.cached_head()
}
/// Apply a function to an `Arc`-clone of the canonical head snapshot.
///
/// This method is a relic from an old implementation where the canonical head was not behind
/// an `Arc` and the canonical head lock had to be held whenever it was read. This method is
/// fine to be left here, it just seems a bit weird.
pub fn with_head<U, E>(
&self,
f: impl FnOnce(&BeaconSnapshot<T::EthSpec>) -> Result<U, E>,
) -> Result<U, E>
where
E: From<Error>,
{
let head_snapshot = self.head_snapshot();
f(&head_snapshot)
}
/// Returns the beacon block root at the head of the canonical chain.
///
/// See `Self::head` for more information.
pub fn head_beacon_block_root(&self) -> Hash256 {
self.canonical_head
.cached_head_read_lock()
.snapshot
.beacon_block_root
}
/// Returns the slot of the highest block in the canonical chain.
pub fn best_slot(&self) -> Slot {
self.canonical_head
.cached_head_read_lock()
.snapshot
.beacon_block
.slot()
}
/// Returns a `Arc` of the `BeaconSnapshot` at the head of the canonical chain.
///
/// See `Self::head` for more information.
pub fn head_snapshot(&self) -> Arc<BeaconSnapshot<T::EthSpec>> {
self.canonical_head.cached_head_read_lock().snapshot.clone()
}
/// Returns the beacon block at the head of the canonical chain.
///
/// See `Self::head` for more information.
pub fn head_beacon_block(&self) -> Arc<SignedBeaconBlock<T::EthSpec>> {
self.canonical_head
.cached_head_read_lock()
.snapshot
.beacon_block
.clone()
}
/// Returns a clone of the beacon state at the head of the canonical chain.
///
/// Cloning the head state is expensive and should generally be avoided outside of tests.
///
/// See `Self::head` for more information.
pub fn head_beacon_state_cloned(&self) -> BeaconState<T::EthSpec> {
// Don't clone whilst holding the read-lock, take an Arc-clone to reduce lock contention.
let snapshot: Arc<_> = self.head_snapshot();
snapshot
.beacon_state
.clone_with(CloneConfig::committee_caches_only())
}
/// Execute the fork choice algorithm and enthrone the result as the canonical head.
///
/// This method replaces the old `BeaconChain::fork_choice` method.
pub async fn recompute_head_at_current_slot(self: &Arc<Self>) {
match self.slot() {
Ok(current_slot) => self.recompute_head_at_slot(current_slot).await,
Err(e) => error!(
self.log,
"No slot when recomputing head";
"error" => ?e
),
}
}
/// Execute the fork choice algorithm and enthrone the result as the canonical head.
///
/// The `current_slot` is specified rather than relying on the wall-clock slot. Using a
/// different slot to the wall-clock can be useful for pushing fork choice into the next slot
/// *just* before the start of the slot. This ensures that block production can use the correct
/// head value without being delayed.
///
/// This function purposefully does *not* return a `Result`. It's possible for fork choice to
/// fail to update if there is only one viable head and it has an invalid execution payload. In
/// such a case it's critical that the `BeaconChain` keeps importing blocks so that the
/// situation can be rectified. We avoid returning an error here so that calling functions
/// can't abort block import because an error is returned here.
pub async fn recompute_head_at_slot(self: &Arc<Self>, current_slot: Slot) {
metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_REQUESTS);
let _timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_TIMES);
let chain = self.clone();
match self
.spawn_blocking_handle(
move || chain.recompute_head_at_slot_internal(current_slot),
"recompute_head_internal",
)
.await
{
// Fork choice returned successfully and did not need to update the EL.
Ok(Ok(None)) => (),
// Fork choice returned successfully and needed to update the EL. It has returned a
// join-handle from when it spawned some async tasks. We should await those tasks.
Ok(Ok(Some(join_handle))) => match join_handle.await {
// The async task completed successfully.
Ok(Some(())) => (),
// The async task did not complete successfully since the runtime is shutting down.
Ok(None) => {
debug!(
self.log,
"Did not update EL fork choice";
"info" => "shutting down"
);
}
// The async task did not complete successfully, tokio returned an error.
Err(e) => {
error!(
self.log,
"Did not update EL fork choice";
"error" => ?e
);
}
},
// There was an error recomputing the head.
Ok(Err(e)) => {
metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_ERRORS);
error!(
self.log,
"Error whist recomputing head";
"error" => ?e
);
}
// There was an error spawning the task.
Err(e) => {
error!(
self.log,
"Failed to spawn recompute head task";
"error" => ?e
);
}
}
}
/// A non-async (blocking) function which recomputes the canonical head and spawns async tasks.
///
/// This function performs long-running, heavy-lifting tasks which should not be performed on
/// the core `tokio` executor.
fn recompute_head_at_slot_internal(
self: &Arc<Self>,
current_slot: Slot,
) -> Result<Option<JoinHandle<Option<()>>>, Error> {
let recompute_head_lock = self.canonical_head.recompute_head_lock.lock();
// Take a clone of the current ("old") head.
let old_cached_head = self.canonical_head.cached_head();
// Determine the current ("old") fork choice parameters.
//
// It is important to read the `fork_choice_view` from the cached head rather than from fork
// choice, since the fork choice value might have changed between calls to this function. We
// are interested in the changes since we last cached the head values, not since fork choice
// was last run.
let old_view = ForkChoiceView {
head_block_root: old_cached_head.head_block_root(),
justified_checkpoint: old_cached_head.justified_checkpoint(),
finalized_checkpoint: old_cached_head.finalized_checkpoint(),
};
let mut fork_choice_write_lock = self.canonical_head.fork_choice_write_lock();
// Recompute the current head via the fork choice algorithm.
fork_choice_write_lock.get_head(current_slot, &self.spec)?;
// Downgrade the fork choice write-lock to a read lock, without allowing access to any
// other writers.
let fork_choice_read_lock = RwLockWriteGuard::downgrade(fork_choice_write_lock);
// Read the current head value from the fork choice algorithm.
let new_view = fork_choice_read_lock.cached_fork_choice_view();
// Check to ensure that the finalized block hasn't been marked as invalid. If it has,
// shut down Lighthouse.
let finalized_proto_block = fork_choice_read_lock.get_finalized_block()?;
check_finalized_payload_validity(self, &finalized_proto_block)?;
// Sanity check the finalized checkpoint.
//
// The new finalized checkpoint must be either equal to or better than the previous
// finalized checkpoint.
check_against_finality_reversion(&old_view, &new_view)?;
let new_head_proto_block = fork_choice_read_lock
.get_block(&new_view.head_block_root)
.ok_or(Error::HeadBlockMissingFromForkChoice(
new_view.head_block_root,
))?;
// Do not allow an invalid block to become the head.
//
// This check avoids the following infinite loop:
//
// 1. A new block is set as the head.
// 2. The EL is updated with the new head, and returns INVALID.
// 3. We call `process_invalid_execution_payload` and it calls this function.
// 4. This function elects an invalid block as the head.
// 5. GOTO 2
//
// In theory, fork choice should never select an invalid head (i.e., step #3 is impossible).
// However, this check is cheap.
if new_head_proto_block.execution_status.is_invalid() {
return Err(Error::HeadHasInvalidPayload {
block_root: new_head_proto_block.root,
execution_status: new_head_proto_block.execution_status,
});
}
// Exit early if the head or justified/finalized checkpoints have not changed, there's
// nothing to do.
if new_view == old_view {
debug!(
self.log,
"No change in canonical head";
"head" => ?new_view.head_block_root
);
return Ok(None);
}
// Get the parameters to update the execution layer since either the head or some finality
// parameters have changed.
let new_forkchoice_update_parameters =
fork_choice_read_lock.get_forkchoice_update_parameters();
perform_debug_logging::<T>(&old_view, &new_view, &fork_choice_read_lock, &self.log);
// Drop the read lock, it's no longer required and holding it any longer than necessary
// will just cause lock contention.
drop(fork_choice_read_lock);
// If the head has changed, update `self.canonical_head`.
let new_cached_head = if new_view.head_block_root != old_view.head_block_root {
metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_CHANGED_HEAD);
// Try and obtain the snapshot for `beacon_block_root` from the snapshot cache, falling
// back to a database read if that fails.
let new_snapshot = self
.snapshot_cache
.try_read_for(BLOCK_PROCESSING_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT)
.and_then(|snapshot_cache| {
snapshot_cache.get_cloned(
new_view.head_block_root,
CloneConfig::committee_caches_only(),
)
})
.map::<Result<_, Error>, _>(Ok)
.unwrap_or_else(|| {
let beacon_block = self
.store
.get_full_block(&new_view.head_block_root)?
.ok_or(Error::MissingBeaconBlock(new_view.head_block_root))?;
let beacon_state_root = beacon_block.state_root();
let beacon_state: BeaconState<T::EthSpec> = self
.get_state(&beacon_state_root, Some(beacon_block.slot()))?
.ok_or(Error::MissingBeaconState(beacon_state_root))?;
Ok(BeaconSnapshot {
beacon_block: Arc::new(beacon_block),
beacon_block_root: new_view.head_block_root,
beacon_state,
})
})
.and_then(|mut snapshot| {
// Regardless of where we got the state from, attempt to build the committee
// caches.
snapshot
.beacon_state
.build_all_committee_caches(&self.spec)
.map_err(Into::into)
.map(|()| snapshot)
})?;
let new_cached_head = CachedHead {
snapshot: Arc::new(new_snapshot),
justified_checkpoint: new_view.justified_checkpoint,
finalized_checkpoint: new_view.finalized_checkpoint,
head_hash: new_forkchoice_update_parameters.head_hash,
justified_hash: new_forkchoice_update_parameters.justified_hash,
finalized_hash: new_forkchoice_update_parameters.finalized_hash,
};
let new_head = {
// Now the new snapshot has been obtained, take a write-lock on the cached head so
// we can update it quickly.
let mut cached_head_write_lock = self.canonical_head.cached_head_write_lock();
// Enshrine the new head as the canonical cached head.
*cached_head_write_lock = new_cached_head;
// Take a clone of the cached head for later use. It is cloned whilst
// holding the write-lock to ensure we get exactly the head we just enshrined.
cached_head_write_lock.clone()
};
// Clear the early attester cache in case it conflicts with `self.canonical_head`.
self.early_attester_cache.clear();
new_head
} else {
let new_cached_head = CachedHead {
// The head hasn't changed, take a relatively cheap `Arc`-clone of the existing
// head.
snapshot: old_cached_head.snapshot.clone(),
justified_checkpoint: new_view.justified_checkpoint,
finalized_checkpoint: new_view.finalized_checkpoint,
head_hash: new_forkchoice_update_parameters.head_hash,
justified_hash: new_forkchoice_update_parameters.justified_hash,
finalized_hash: new_forkchoice_update_parameters.finalized_hash,
};
let mut cached_head_write_lock = self.canonical_head.cached_head_write_lock();
// Enshrine the new head as the canonical cached head. Whilst the head block hasn't
// changed, the FFG checkpoints must have changed.
*cached_head_write_lock = new_cached_head;
// Take a clone of the cached head for later use. It is cloned whilst
// holding the write-lock to ensure we get exactly the head we just enshrined.
cached_head_write_lock.clone()
};
// Alias for readability.
let new_snapshot = &new_cached_head.snapshot;
let old_snapshot = &old_cached_head.snapshot;
// If the head changed, perform some updates.
if new_snapshot.beacon_block_root != old_snapshot.beacon_block_root {
if let Err(e) =
self.after_new_head(&old_cached_head, &new_cached_head, new_head_proto_block)
{
crit!(
self.log,
"Error updating canonical head";
"error" => ?e
);
}
}
// Drop the old cache head nice and early to try and free the memory as soon as possible.
drop(old_cached_head);
// If the finalized checkpoint changed, perform some updates.
//
// The `after_finalization` function will take a write-lock on `fork_choice`, therefore it
// is a dead-lock risk to hold any other lock on fork choice at this point.
if new_view.finalized_checkpoint != old_view.finalized_checkpoint {
if let Err(e) =
self.after_finalization(&new_cached_head, new_view, finalized_proto_block)
{
crit!(
self.log,
"Error updating finalization";
"error" => ?e
);
}
}
// The execution layer updates might attempt to take a write-lock on fork choice, so it's
// important to ensure the fork-choice lock isn't being held.
let el_update_handle =
spawn_execution_layer_updates(self.clone(), new_forkchoice_update_parameters)?;
// We have completed recomputing the head and it's now valid for another process to do the
// same.
drop(recompute_head_lock);
Ok(Some(el_update_handle))
}
/// Perform updates to caches and other components after the canonical head has been changed.
fn after_new_head(
self: &Arc<Self>,
old_cached_head: &CachedHead<T::EthSpec>,
new_cached_head: &CachedHead<T::EthSpec>,
new_head_proto_block: ProtoBlock,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let _timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_AFTER_NEW_HEAD_TIMES);
let old_snapshot = &old_cached_head.snapshot;
let new_snapshot = &new_cached_head.snapshot;
let new_head_is_optimistic = new_head_proto_block
.execution_status
.is_optimistic_or_invalid();
// Detect and potentially report any re-orgs.
let reorg_distance = detect_reorg(
&old_snapshot.beacon_state,
old_snapshot.beacon_block_root,
&new_snapshot.beacon_state,
new_snapshot.beacon_block_root,
&self.spec,
&self.log,
);
// Determine if the new head is in a later epoch to the previous head.
let is_epoch_transition = old_snapshot
.beacon_block
.slot()
.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch())
< new_snapshot
.beacon_state
.slot()
.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch());
// These fields are used for server-sent events.
let state_root = new_snapshot.beacon_state_root();
let head_slot = new_snapshot.beacon_state.slot();
let dependent_root = new_snapshot
.beacon_state
.proposer_shuffling_decision_root(self.genesis_block_root);
let prev_dependent_root = new_snapshot
.beacon_state
.attester_shuffling_decision_root(self.genesis_block_root, RelativeEpoch::Current);
// Update the snapshot cache with the latest head value.
//
// This *could* be done inside `recompute_head`, however updating the head on the snapshot
// cache is not critical so we avoid placing it on a critical path. Note that this function
// will not return an error if the update fails, it will just log an error.
self.snapshot_cache
.try_write_for(BLOCK_PROCESSING_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT)
.map(|mut snapshot_cache| {
snapshot_cache.update_head(new_snapshot.beacon_block_root);
})
.unwrap_or_else(|| {
error!(
self.log,
"Failed to obtain cache write lock";
"lock" => "snapshot_cache",
"task" => "update head"
);
});
observe_head_block_delays(
&mut self.block_times_cache.write(),
&new_head_proto_block,
new_snapshot.beacon_block.message().proposer_index(),
new_snapshot
.beacon_block
.message()
.body()
.graffiti()
.as_utf8_lossy(),
&self.slot_clock,
self.event_handler.as_ref(),
&self.log,
);
if is_epoch_transition || reorg_distance.is_some() {
self.persist_head_and_fork_choice()?;
self.op_pool.prune_attestations(self.epoch()?);
}
// Register server-sent-events for a new head.
if let Some(event_handler) = self
.event_handler
.as_ref()
.filter(|handler| handler.has_head_subscribers())
{
match (dependent_root, prev_dependent_root) {
(Ok(current_duty_dependent_root), Ok(previous_duty_dependent_root)) => {
event_handler.register(EventKind::Head(SseHead {
slot: head_slot,
block: new_snapshot.beacon_block_root,
state: state_root,
current_duty_dependent_root,
previous_duty_dependent_root,
epoch_transition: is_epoch_transition,
execution_optimistic: new_head_is_optimistic,
}));
}
(Err(e), _) | (_, Err(e)) => {
warn!(
self.log,
"Unable to find dependent roots, cannot register head event";
"error" => ?e
);
}
}
}
// Register a server-sent-event for a reorg (if necessary).
if let Some(depth) = reorg_distance {
if let Some(event_handler) = self
.event_handler
.as_ref()
.filter(|handler| handler.has_reorg_subscribers())
{
event_handler.register(EventKind::ChainReorg(SseChainReorg {
slot: head_slot,
depth: depth.as_u64(),
old_head_block: old_snapshot.beacon_block_root,
old_head_state: old_snapshot.beacon_state_root(),
new_head_block: new_snapshot.beacon_block_root,
new_head_state: new_snapshot.beacon_state_root(),
epoch: head_slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()),
execution_optimistic: new_head_is_optimistic,
}));
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// Perform updates to caches and other components after the finalized checkpoint has been
/// changed.
///
/// This function will take a write-lock on `canonical_head.fork_choice`, therefore it would be
/// unwise to hold any lock on fork choice while calling this function.
fn after_finalization(
self: &Arc<Self>,
new_cached_head: &CachedHead<T::EthSpec>,
new_view: ForkChoiceView,
finalized_proto_block: ProtoBlock,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let _timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_AFTER_FINALIZATION_TIMES);
let new_snapshot = &new_cached_head.snapshot;
let finalized_block_is_optimistic = finalized_proto_block
.execution_status
.is_optimistic_or_invalid();
self.op_pool.prune_all(
&new_snapshot.beacon_block,
&new_snapshot.beacon_state,
self.epoch()?,
&self.spec,
);
self.observed_block_producers.write().prune(
new_view
.finalized_checkpoint
.epoch
.start_slot(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()),
);
self.snapshot_cache
.try_write_for(BLOCK_PROCESSING_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT)
.map(|mut snapshot_cache| {
snapshot_cache.prune(new_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch);
debug!(
self.log,
"Snapshot cache pruned";
"new_len" => snapshot_cache.len(),
"remaining_roots" => ?snapshot_cache.beacon_block_roots(),
);
})
.unwrap_or_else(|| {
error!(
self.log,
"Failed to obtain cache write lock";
"lock" => "snapshot_cache",
"task" => "prune"
);
});
self.attester_cache
.prune_below(new_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch);
if let Some(event_handler) = self.event_handler.as_ref() {
if event_handler.has_finalized_subscribers() {
event_handler.register(EventKind::FinalizedCheckpoint(SseFinalizedCheckpoint {
epoch: new_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch,
block: new_view.finalized_checkpoint.root,
// Provide the state root of the latest finalized block, rather than the
// specific state root at the first slot of the finalized epoch (which
// might be a skip slot).
state: finalized_proto_block.state_root,
execution_optimistic: finalized_block_is_optimistic,
}));
}
}
// The store migration task requires the *state at the slot of the finalized epoch*,
// rather than the state of the latest finalized block. These two values will only
// differ when the first slot of the finalized epoch is a skip slot.
//
// Use the `StateRootsIterator` directly rather than `BeaconChain::state_root_at_slot`
// to ensure we use the same state that we just set as the head.
let new_finalized_slot = new_view
.finalized_checkpoint
.epoch
.start_slot(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch());
let new_finalized_state_root = process_results(
StateRootsIterator::new(&self.store, &new_snapshot.beacon_state),
|mut iter| {
iter.find_map(|(state_root, slot)| {
if slot == new_finalized_slot {
Some(state_root)
} else {
None
}
})
},
)?
.ok_or(Error::MissingFinalizedStateRoot(new_finalized_slot))?;
self.store_migrator.process_finalization(
new_finalized_state_root.into(),
new_view.finalized_checkpoint,
self.head_tracker.clone(),
)?;
// Take a write-lock on the canonical head and signal for it to prune.
self.canonical_head.fork_choice_write_lock().prune()?;
Ok(())
}
/// Return a database operation for writing fork choice to disk.
pub fn persist_fork_choice_in_batch(&self) -> KeyValueStoreOp {
Self::persist_fork_choice_in_batch_standalone(&self.canonical_head.fork_choice_read_lock())
}
/// Return a database operation for writing fork choice to disk.
pub fn persist_fork_choice_in_batch_standalone(
fork_choice: &BeaconForkChoice<T>,
) -> KeyValueStoreOp {
let persisted_fork_choice = PersistedForkChoice {
fork_choice: fork_choice.to_persisted(),
fork_choice_store: fork_choice.fc_store().to_persisted(),
};
persisted_fork_choice.as_kv_store_op(FORK_CHOICE_DB_KEY)
}
}
/// Check to see if the `finalized_proto_block` has an invalid execution payload. If so, shut down
/// Lighthouse.
///
/// ## Notes
///
/// This function is called whilst holding a write-lock on the `canonical_head`. To ensure dead-lock
/// safety, **do not take any other locks inside this function**.
fn check_finalized_payload_validity<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
finalized_proto_block: &ProtoBlock,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
if let ExecutionStatus::Invalid(block_hash) = finalized_proto_block.execution_status {
crit!(
chain.log,
"Finalized block has an invalid payload";
"msg" => "You must use the `--purge-db` flag to clear the database and restart sync. \
You may be on a hostile network.",
"block_hash" => ?block_hash
);
let mut shutdown_sender = chain.shutdown_sender();
shutdown_sender
.try_send(ShutdownReason::Failure(
"Finalized block has an invalid execution payload.",
))
.map_err(Error::InvalidFinalizedPayloadShutdownError)?;
// Exit now, the node is in an invalid state.
return Err(Error::InvalidFinalizedPayload {
finalized_root: finalized_proto_block.root,
execution_block_hash: block_hash,
});
}
Ok(())
}
/// Check to ensure that the transition from `old_view` to `new_view` will not revert finality.
fn check_against_finality_reversion(
old_view: &ForkChoiceView,
new_view: &ForkChoiceView,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let finalization_equal = new_view.finalized_checkpoint == old_view.finalized_checkpoint;
let finalization_advanced =
new_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch > old_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch;
if finalization_equal || finalization_advanced {
Ok(())
} else {
Err(Error::RevertedFinalizedEpoch {
old: old_view.finalized_checkpoint,
new: new_view.finalized_checkpoint,
})
}
}
fn perform_debug_logging<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
old_view: &ForkChoiceView,
new_view: &ForkChoiceView,
fork_choice: &BeaconForkChoice<T>,
log: &Logger,
) {
if new_view.head_block_root != old_view.head_block_root {
debug!(
log,
"Fork choice updated head";
"new_head_weight" => ?fork_choice
.get_block_weight(&new_view.head_block_root),
"new_head" => ?new_view.head_block_root,
"old_head_weight" => ?fork_choice
.get_block_weight(&old_view.head_block_root),
"old_head" => ?old_view.head_block_root,
)
}
if new_view.justified_checkpoint != old_view.justified_checkpoint {
debug!(
log,
"Fork choice justified";
"new_root" => ?new_view.justified_checkpoint.root,
"new_epoch" => new_view.justified_checkpoint.epoch,
"old_root" => ?old_view.justified_checkpoint.root,
"old_epoch" => old_view.justified_checkpoint.epoch,
)
}
if new_view.finalized_checkpoint != old_view.finalized_checkpoint {
debug!(
log,
"Fork choice finalized";
"new_root" => ?new_view.finalized_checkpoint.root,
"new_epoch" => new_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch,
"old_root" => ?old_view.finalized_checkpoint.root,
"old_epoch" => old_view.finalized_checkpoint.epoch,
)
}
}
fn spawn_execution_layer_updates<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: Arc<BeaconChain<T>>,
forkchoice_update_params: ForkchoiceUpdateParameters,
) -> Result<JoinHandle<Option<()>>, Error> {
let current_slot = chain
.slot_clock
.now_or_genesis()
.ok_or(Error::UnableToReadSlot)?;
chain
.task_executor
.clone()
.spawn_handle(
async move {
// Avoids raising an error before Bellatrix.
//
// See `Self::prepare_beacon_proposer` for more detail.
if chain.slot_is_prior_to_bellatrix(current_slot + 1) {
return;
}
if let Err(e) = chain
.update_execution_engine_forkchoice(
current_slot,
forkchoice_update_params,
OverrideForkchoiceUpdate::Yes,
)
.await
{
crit!(
chain.log,
"Failed to update execution head";
"error" => ?e
);
}
// Update the mechanism for preparing for block production on the execution layer.
//
// Performing this call immediately after `update_execution_engine_forkchoice_blocking`
// might result in two calls to fork choice updated, one *without* payload attributes and
// then a second *with* payload attributes.
//
// This seems OK. It's not a significant waste of EL<>CL bandwidth or resources, as far as I
// know.
if let Err(e) = chain.prepare_beacon_proposer(current_slot).await {
crit!(
chain.log,
"Failed to prepare proposers after fork choice";
"error" => ?e
);
}
},
"update_el_forkchoice",
)
.ok_or(Error::RuntimeShutdown)
}
/// Attempt to detect if the new head is not on the same chain as the previous block
/// (i.e., a re-org).
///
/// Note: this will declare a re-org if we skip `SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT` blocks
/// between calls to fork choice without swapping between chains. This seems like an
/// extreme-enough scenario that a warning is fine.
fn detect_reorg<E: EthSpec>(
old_state: &BeaconState<E>,
old_block_root: Hash256,
new_state: &BeaconState<E>,
new_block_root: Hash256,
spec: &ChainSpec,
log: &Logger,
) -> Option<Slot> {
let is_reorg = new_state
.get_block_root(old_state.slot())
.map_or(true, |root| *root != old_block_root);
if is_reorg {
let reorg_distance =
match find_reorg_slot(old_state, old_block_root, new_state, new_block_root, spec) {
Ok(slot) => old_state.slot().saturating_sub(slot),
Err(e) => {
warn!(
log,
"Could not find re-org depth";
"error" => format!("{:?}", e),
);
return None;
}
};
metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_REORG_COUNT);
metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_REORG_COUNT_INTEROP);
metrics::set_gauge(
&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_REORG_DISTANCE,
reorg_distance.as_u64() as i64,
);
warn!(
log,
"Beacon chain re-org";
"previous_head" => ?old_block_root,
"previous_slot" => old_state.slot(),
"new_head" => ?new_block_root,
"new_slot" => new_state.slot(),
"reorg_distance" => reorg_distance,
);
Some(reorg_distance)
} else {
None
}
}
/// Iterate through the current chain to find the slot intersecting with the given beacon state.
/// The maximum depth this will search is `SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT`, and if that depth is reached
/// and no intersection is found, the finalized slot will be returned.
pub fn find_reorg_slot<E: EthSpec>(
old_state: &BeaconState<E>,
old_block_root: Hash256,
new_state: &BeaconState<E>,
new_block_root: Hash256,
spec: &ChainSpec,
) -> Result<Slot, Error> {
// The earliest slot for which the two chains may have a common history.
let lowest_slot = std::cmp::min(new_state.slot(), old_state.slot());
// Create an iterator across `$state`, assuming that the block at `$state.slot` has the
// block root of `$block_root`.
//
// The iterator will be skipped until the next value returns `lowest_slot`.
//
// This is a macro instead of a function or closure due to the complex types invloved
// in all the iterator wrapping.
macro_rules! aligned_roots_iter {
($state: ident, $block_root: ident) => {
std::iter::once(Ok(($state.slot(), $block_root)))
.chain($state.rev_iter_block_roots(spec))
.skip_while(|result| {
result
.as_ref()
.map_or(false, |(slot, _)| *slot > lowest_slot)
})
};
}
// Create iterators across old/new roots where iterators both start at the same slot.
let mut new_roots = aligned_roots_iter!(new_state, new_block_root);
let mut old_roots = aligned_roots_iter!(old_state, old_block_root);
// Whilst *both* of the iterators are still returning values, try and find a common
// ancestor between them.
while let (Some(old), Some(new)) = (old_roots.next(), new_roots.next()) {
let (old_slot, old_root) = old?;
let (new_slot, new_root) = new?;
// Sanity check to detect programming errors.
if old_slot != new_slot {
return Err(Error::InvalidReorgSlotIter { new_slot, old_slot });
}
if old_root == new_root {
// A common ancestor has been found.
return Ok(old_slot);
}
}
// If no common ancestor is found, declare that the re-org happened at the previous
// finalized slot.
//
// Sometimes this will result in the return slot being *lower* than the actual reorg
// slot. However, assuming we don't re-org through a finalized slot, it will never be
// *higher*.
//
// We provide this potentially-inaccurate-but-safe information to avoid onerous
// database reads during times of deep reorgs.
Ok(old_state
.finalized_checkpoint()
.epoch
.start_slot(E::slots_per_epoch()))
}
fn observe_head_block_delays<E: EthSpec, S: SlotClock>(
block_times_cache: &mut BlockTimesCache,
head_block: &ProtoBlock,
head_block_proposer_index: u64,
head_block_graffiti: String,
slot_clock: &S,
event_handler: Option<&ServerSentEventHandler<E>>,
log: &Logger,
) {
let block_time_set_as_head = timestamp_now();
let head_block_root = head_block.root;
let head_block_slot = head_block.slot;
let head_block_is_optimistic = head_block.execution_status.is_optimistic_or_invalid();
// Calculate the total delay between the start of the slot and when it was set as head.
let block_delay_total = get_slot_delay_ms(block_time_set_as_head, head_block_slot, slot_clock);
// Do not write to the cache for blocks older than 2 epochs, this helps reduce writes to
// the cache during sync.
if block_delay_total < slot_clock.slot_duration() * 64 {
block_times_cache.set_time_set_as_head(
head_block_root,
head_block_slot,
block_time_set_as_head,
);
}
// If a block comes in from over 4 slots ago, it is most likely a block from sync.
let block_from_sync = block_delay_total > slot_clock.slot_duration() * 4;
// Determine whether the block has been set as head too late for proper attestation
// production.
let late_head = block_delay_total >= slot_clock.unagg_attestation_production_delay();
// Do not store metrics if the block was > 4 slots old, this helps prevent noise during
// sync.
if !block_from_sync {
// Observe the total block delay. This is the delay between the time the slot started
// and when the block was set as head.
metrics::observe_duration(
&metrics::BEACON_BLOCK_HEAD_SLOT_START_DELAY_TIME,
block_delay_total,
);
// Observe the delay between when we imported the block and when we set the block as
// head.
let block_delays = block_times_cache.get_block_delays(
head_block_root,
slot_clock
.start_of(head_block_slot)
.unwrap_or_else(|| Duration::from_secs(0)),
);
metrics::observe_duration(
&metrics::BEACON_BLOCK_OBSERVED_SLOT_START_DELAY_TIME,
block_delays
.observed
.unwrap_or_else(|| Duration::from_secs(0)),
);
metrics::observe_duration(
&metrics::BEACON_BLOCK_HEAD_IMPORTED_DELAY_TIME,
block_delays
.set_as_head
.unwrap_or_else(|| Duration::from_secs(0)),
);
// If the block was enshrined as head too late for attestations to be created for it,
// log a debug warning and increment a metric.
if late_head {
metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::BEACON_BLOCK_HEAD_SLOT_START_DELAY_EXCEEDED_TOTAL);
debug!(
log,
"Delayed head block";
"block_root" => ?head_block_root,
"proposer_index" => head_block_proposer_index,
"slot" => head_block_slot,
"block_delay" => ?block_delay_total,
"observed_delay" => ?block_delays.observed,
"imported_delay" => ?block_delays.imported,
"set_as_head_delay" => ?block_delays.set_as_head,
);
}
}
if let Some(event_handler) = event_handler {
if !block_from_sync && late_head && event_handler.has_late_head_subscribers() {
let peer_info = block_times_cache.get_peer_info(head_block_root);
let block_delays = block_times_cache.get_block_delays(
head_block_root,
slot_clock
.start_of(head_block_slot)
.unwrap_or_else(|| Duration::from_secs(0)),
);
event_handler.register(EventKind::LateHead(SseLateHead {
slot: head_block_slot,
block: head_block_root,
peer_id: peer_info.id,
peer_client: peer_info.client,
proposer_index: head_block_proposer_index,
proposer_graffiti: head_block_graffiti,
block_delay: block_delay_total,
observed_delay: block_delays.observed,
imported_delay: block_delays.imported,
set_as_head_delay: block_delays.set_as_head,
execution_optimistic: head_block_is_optimistic,
}));
}
}
}