lighthouse/beacon_node/beacon_chain/src/attestation_verification.rs
realbigsean a3a7f39b0d [Altair] Sync committee pools (#2321)
Add pools supporting sync committees:
- naive sync aggregation pool
- observed sync contributions pool
- observed sync contributors pool
- observed sync aggregators pool

Add SSZ types and tests related to sync committee signatures.

Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
2021-07-15 00:52:02 +00:00

1126 lines
43 KiB
Rust

//! Provides verification for the following attestations:
//!
//! - "Unaggregated" `Attestation` received from either gossip or the HTTP API.
//! - "Aggregated" `SignedAggregateAndProof` received from gossip or the HTTP API.
//!
//! For clarity, we define:
//!
//! - Unaggregated: an `Attestation` object that has exactly one aggregation bit set.
//! - Aggregated: a `SignedAggregateAndProof` which has zero or more signatures.
//! - Note: "zero or more" may soon change to "one or more".
//!
//! Similar to the `crate::block_verification` module, we try to avoid doing duplicate verification
//! work as an attestation passes through different stages of verification. We represent these
//! different stages of verification with wrapper types. These wrapper-types flow in a particular
//! pattern:
//!
//! ```ignore
//! types::Attestation types::SignedAggregateAndProof
//! | |
//! ▼ ▼
//! VerifiedUnaggregatedAttestation VerifiedAggregatedAttestation
//! | |
//! -------------------------------------
//! |
//! ▼
//! impl SignatureVerifiedAttestation
//! ```
use crate::{
beacon_chain::{MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY, VALIDATOR_PUBKEY_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT},
metrics,
observed_aggregates::ObserveOutcome,
observed_attesters::Error as ObservedAttestersError,
BeaconChain, BeaconChainError, BeaconChainTypes,
};
use bls::verify_signature_sets;
use proto_array::Block as ProtoBlock;
use slog::debug;
use slot_clock::SlotClock;
use state_processing::{
common::get_indexed_attestation,
per_block_processing::errors::AttestationValidationError,
signature_sets::{
indexed_attestation_signature_set_from_pubkeys,
signed_aggregate_selection_proof_signature_set, signed_aggregate_signature_set,
},
};
use std::borrow::Cow;
use strum::AsRefStr;
use tree_hash::TreeHash;
use types::{
Attestation, BeaconCommittee, CommitteeIndex, Epoch, EthSpec, Hash256, IndexedAttestation,
SelectionProof, SignedAggregateAndProof, Slot, SubnetId,
};
/// Returned when an attestation was not successfully verified. It might not have been verified for
/// two reasons:
///
/// - The attestation is malformed or inappropriate for the context (indicated by all variants
/// other than `BeaconChainError`).
/// - The application encountered an internal error whilst attempting to determine validity
/// (the `BeaconChainError` variant)
#[derive(Debug, AsRefStr)]
pub enum Error {
/// The attestation is from a slot that is later than the current slot (with respect to the
/// gossip clock disparity).
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// Assuming the local clock is correct, the peer has sent an invalid message.
FutureSlot {
attestation_slot: Slot,
latest_permissible_slot: Slot,
},
/// The attestation is from a slot that is prior to the earliest permissible slot (with
/// respect to the gossip clock disparity).
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// Assuming the local clock is correct, the peer has sent an invalid message.
PastSlot {
attestation_slot: Slot,
earliest_permissible_slot: Slot,
},
/// The attestations aggregation bits were empty when they shouldn't be.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
EmptyAggregationBitfield,
/// The `selection_proof` on the aggregate attestation does not elect it as an aggregator.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
InvalidSelectionProof { aggregator_index: u64 },
/// The `selection_proof` on the aggregate attestation selects it as a validator, however the
/// aggregator index is not in the committee for that attestation.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
AggregatorNotInCommittee { aggregator_index: u64 },
/// The aggregator index refers to a validator index that we have not seen.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
AggregatorPubkeyUnknown(u64),
/// The attestation has been seen before; either in a block, on the gossip network or from a
/// local validator.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// It's unclear if this attestation is valid, however we have already observed it and do not
/// need to observe it again.
AttestationAlreadyKnown(Hash256),
/// There has already been an aggregation observed for this validator, we refuse to process a
/// second.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// It's unclear if this attestation is valid, however we have already observed an aggregate
/// attestation from this validator for this epoch and should not observe another.
AggregatorAlreadyKnown(u64),
/// The aggregator index is higher than the maximum possible validator count.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
ValidatorIndexTooHigh(usize),
/// The `attestation.data.beacon_block_root` block is unknown.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The attestation points to a block we have not yet imported. It's unclear if the attestation
/// is valid or not.
UnknownHeadBlock { beacon_block_root: Hash256 },
/// The `attestation.data.slot` is not from the same epoch as `data.target.epoch`.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
BadTargetEpoch,
/// The target root of the attestation points to a block that we have not verified.
///
/// This is invalid behaviour whilst we first check for `UnknownHeadBlock`.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
UnknownTargetRoot(Hash256),
/// A signature on the attestation is invalid.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
InvalidSignature,
/// There is no committee for the slot and committee index of this attestation and the
/// attestation should not have been produced.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
NoCommitteeForSlotAndIndex { slot: Slot, index: CommitteeIndex },
/// The unaggregated attestation doesn't have only one aggregation bit set.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
NotExactlyOneAggregationBitSet(usize),
/// We have already observed an attestation for the `validator_index` and refuse to process
/// another.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// It's unclear if this attestation is valid, however we have already observed a
/// single-participant attestation from this validator for this epoch and should not observe
/// another.
PriorAttestationKnown { validator_index: u64, epoch: Epoch },
/// The attestation is for an epoch in the future (with respect to the gossip clock disparity).
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// Assuming the local clock is correct, the peer has sent an invalid message.
FutureEpoch {
attestation_epoch: Epoch,
current_epoch: Epoch,
},
/// The attestation is for an epoch in the past (with respect to the gossip clock disparity).
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// Assuming the local clock is correct, the peer has sent an invalid message.
PastEpoch {
attestation_epoch: Epoch,
current_epoch: Epoch,
},
/// The attestation is attesting to a state that is later than itself. (Viz., attesting to the
/// future).
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
AttestsToFutureBlock { block: Slot, attestation: Slot },
/// The attestation was received on an invalid attestation subnet.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
InvalidSubnetId {
received: SubnetId,
expected: SubnetId,
},
/// The attestation failed the `state_processing` verification stage.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
Invalid(AttestationValidationError),
/// The attestation head block is too far behind the attestation slot, causing many skip slots.
/// This is deemed a DoS risk.
TooManySkippedSlots {
head_block_slot: Slot,
attestation_slot: Slot,
},
/// The attestation has an invalid target epoch.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
InvalidTargetEpoch { slot: Slot, epoch: Epoch },
/// The attestation references an invalid target block.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// The peer has sent an invalid message.
InvalidTargetRoot {
attestation: Hash256,
expected: Option<Hash256>,
},
/// There was an error whilst processing the attestation. It is not known if it is valid or invalid.
///
/// ## Peer scoring
///
/// We were unable to process this attestation due to an internal error. It's unclear if the
/// attestation is valid.
BeaconChainError(BeaconChainError),
}
impl From<BeaconChainError> for Error {
fn from(e: BeaconChainError) -> Self {
Error::BeaconChainError(e)
}
}
/// Wraps a `SignedAggregateAndProof` that has been verified for propagation on the gossip network.
pub struct VerifiedAggregatedAttestation<T: BeaconChainTypes> {
signed_aggregate: SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
indexed_attestation: IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>,
}
/// Wraps an `Attestation` that has been verified for propagation on the gossip network.
pub struct VerifiedUnaggregatedAttestation<T: BeaconChainTypes> {
attestation: Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
indexed_attestation: IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>,
subnet_id: SubnetId,
}
/// Custom `Clone` implementation is to avoid the restrictive trait bounds applied by the usual derive
/// macro.
impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> Clone for VerifiedUnaggregatedAttestation<T> {
fn clone(&self) -> Self {
Self {
attestation: self.attestation.clone(),
indexed_attestation: self.indexed_attestation.clone(),
subnet_id: self.subnet_id,
}
}
}
/// A helper trait implemented on wrapper types that can be progressed to a state where they can be
/// verified for application to fork choice.
pub trait SignatureVerifiedAttestation<T: BeaconChainTypes> {
fn indexed_attestation(&self) -> &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>;
}
impl<'a, T: BeaconChainTypes> SignatureVerifiedAttestation<T> for VerifiedAggregatedAttestation<T> {
fn indexed_attestation(&self) -> &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec> {
&self.indexed_attestation
}
}
impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> SignatureVerifiedAttestation<T> for VerifiedUnaggregatedAttestation<T> {
fn indexed_attestation(&self) -> &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec> {
&self.indexed_attestation
}
}
/// Information about invalid attestations which might still be slashable despite being invalid.
pub enum AttestationSlashInfo<T: BeaconChainTypes, TErr> {
/// The attestation is invalid, but its signature wasn't checked.
SignatureNotChecked(Attestation<T::EthSpec>, TErr),
/// As for `SignatureNotChecked`, but we know the `IndexedAttestation`.
SignatureNotCheckedIndexed(IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>, TErr),
/// The attestation's signature is invalid, so it will never be slashable.
SignatureInvalid(TErr),
/// The signature is valid but the attestation is invalid in some other way.
SignatureValid(IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>, TErr),
}
/// After processing an attestation normally, optionally process it further for the slasher.
///
/// This maps an `AttestationSlashInfo` error back into a regular `Error`, performing signature
/// checks on attestations that failed verification for other reasons.
///
/// No substantial extra work will be done if there is no slasher configured.
fn process_slash_info<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
slash_info: AttestationSlashInfo<T, Error>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Error {
use AttestationSlashInfo::*;
if let Some(slasher) = chain.slasher.as_ref() {
let (indexed_attestation, check_signature, err) = match slash_info {
SignatureNotChecked(attestation, err) => {
match obtain_indexed_attestation_and_committees_per_slot(chain, &attestation) {
Ok((indexed, _)) => (indexed, true, err),
Err(e) => {
debug!(
chain.log,
"Unable to obtain indexed form of attestation for slasher";
"attestation_root" => format!("{:?}", attestation.tree_hash_root()),
"error" => format!("{:?}", e)
);
return err;
}
}
}
SignatureNotCheckedIndexed(indexed, err) => (indexed, true, err),
SignatureInvalid(e) => return e,
SignatureValid(indexed, err) => (indexed, false, err),
};
if check_signature {
if let Err(e) = verify_attestation_signature(chain, &indexed_attestation) {
debug!(
chain.log,
"Signature verification for slasher failed";
"error" => format!("{:?}", e),
);
return err;
}
}
// Supply to slasher.
slasher.accept_attestation(indexed_attestation);
err
} else {
match slash_info {
SignatureNotChecked(_, e)
| SignatureNotCheckedIndexed(_, e)
| SignatureInvalid(e)
| SignatureValid(_, e) => e,
}
}
}
impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> VerifiedAggregatedAttestation<T> {
/// Returns `Ok(Self)` if the `signed_aggregate` is valid to be (re)published on the gossip
/// network.
pub fn verify(
signed_aggregate: SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<Self, (Error, SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>)> {
Self::verify_slashable(signed_aggregate, chain)
.map(|verified_aggregate| {
if let Some(slasher) = chain.slasher.as_ref() {
slasher.accept_attestation(verified_aggregate.indexed_attestation.clone());
}
verified_aggregate
})
.map_err(|(slash_info, original_aggregate)| {
(process_slash_info(slash_info, chain), original_aggregate)
})
}
/// Run the checks that happen before an indexed attestation is constructed.
fn verify_early_checks(
signed_aggregate: &SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<Hash256, Error> {
let attestation = &signed_aggregate.message.aggregate;
// Ensure attestation is within the last ATTESTATION_PROPAGATION_SLOT_RANGE slots (within a
// MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY allowance).
//
// We do not queue future attestations for later processing.
verify_propagation_slot_range(chain, attestation)?;
// Check the attestation's epoch matches its target.
if attestation.data.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch())
!= attestation.data.target.epoch
{
return Err(Error::InvalidTargetEpoch {
slot: attestation.data.slot,
epoch: attestation.data.target.epoch,
});
}
// Ensure the valid aggregated attestation has not already been seen locally.
let attestation_root = attestation.tree_hash_root();
if chain
.observed_attestations
.write()
.is_known(attestation, attestation_root)
.map_err(|e| Error::BeaconChainError(e.into()))?
{
return Err(Error::AttestationAlreadyKnown(attestation_root));
}
let aggregator_index = signed_aggregate.message.aggregator_index;
// Ensure there has been no other observed aggregate for the given `aggregator_index`.
//
// Note: do not observe yet, only observe once the attestation has been verified.
match chain
.observed_aggregators
.read()
.validator_has_been_observed(attestation.data.target.epoch, aggregator_index as usize)
{
Ok(true) => Err(Error::AggregatorAlreadyKnown(aggregator_index)),
Ok(false) => Ok(()),
Err(ObservedAttestersError::ValidatorIndexTooHigh(i)) => {
Err(Error::ValidatorIndexTooHigh(i))
}
Err(e) => Err(BeaconChainError::from(e).into()),
}?;
// Ensure the block being voted for (attestation.data.beacon_block_root) passes validation.
// Don't enforce the skip slot restriction for aggregates.
//
// This indirectly checks to see if the `attestation.data.beacon_block_root` is in our fork
// choice. Any known, non-finalized, processed block should be in fork choice, so this
// check immediately filters out attestations that attest to a block that has not been
// processed.
//
// Attestations must be for a known block. If the block is unknown, we simply drop the
// attestation and do not delay consideration for later.
let head_block = verify_head_block_is_known(chain, &attestation, None)?;
// Check the attestation target root is consistent with the head root.
//
// This check is not in the specification, however we guard against it since it opens us up
// to weird edge cases during verification.
//
// Whilst this attestation *technically* could be used to add value to a block, it is
// invalid in the spirit of the protocol. Here we choose safety over profit.
verify_attestation_target_root::<T::EthSpec>(&head_block, &attestation)?;
// Ensure that the attestation has participants.
if attestation.aggregation_bits.is_zero() {
Err(Error::EmptyAggregationBitfield)
} else {
Ok(attestation_root)
}
}
/// Run the checks that happen after the indexed attestation and signature have been checked.
fn verify_late_checks(
signed_aggregate: &SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
attestation_root: Hash256,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let attestation = &signed_aggregate.message.aggregate;
let aggregator_index = signed_aggregate.message.aggregator_index;
// Observe the valid attestation so we do not re-process it.
//
// It's important to double check that the attestation is not already known, otherwise two
// attestations processed at the same time could be published.
if let ObserveOutcome::AlreadyKnown = chain
.observed_attestations
.write()
.observe_item(attestation, Some(attestation_root))
.map_err(|e| Error::BeaconChainError(e.into()))?
{
return Err(Error::AttestationAlreadyKnown(attestation_root));
}
// Observe the aggregator so we don't process another aggregate from them.
//
// It's important to double check that the attestation is not already known, otherwise two
// attestations processed at the same time could be published.
if chain
.observed_aggregators
.write()
.observe_validator(attestation.data.target.epoch, aggregator_index as usize)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::from)?
{
return Err(Error::PriorAttestationKnown {
validator_index: aggregator_index,
epoch: attestation.data.target.epoch,
});
}
Ok(())
}
/// Verify the attestation, producing extra information about whether it might be slashable.
// NOTE: Clippy considers the return too complex. This tuple is not used elsewhere so it is not
// worth creating an alias.
#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
pub fn verify_slashable(
signed_aggregate: SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<
Self,
(
AttestationSlashInfo<T, Error>,
SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
),
> {
use AttestationSlashInfo::*;
let attestation = &signed_aggregate.message.aggregate;
let aggregator_index = signed_aggregate.message.aggregator_index;
let attestation_root = match Self::verify_early_checks(&signed_aggregate, chain) {
Ok(root) => root,
Err(e) => {
return Err((
SignatureNotChecked(signed_aggregate.message.aggregate.clone(), e),
signed_aggregate,
))
}
};
let indexed_attestation =
match map_attestation_committee(chain, attestation, |(committee, _)| {
// Note: this clones the signature which is known to be a relatively slow operation.
//
// Future optimizations should remove this clone.
let selection_proof =
SelectionProof::from(signed_aggregate.message.selection_proof.clone());
if !selection_proof
.is_aggregator(committee.committee.len(), &chain.spec)
.map_err(|e| Error::BeaconChainError(e.into()))?
{
return Err(Error::InvalidSelectionProof { aggregator_index });
}
// Ensure the aggregator is a member of the committee for which it is aggregating.
if !committee.committee.contains(&(aggregator_index as usize)) {
return Err(Error::AggregatorNotInCommittee { aggregator_index });
}
get_indexed_attestation(committee.committee, attestation)
.map_err(|e| BeaconChainError::from(e).into())
}) {
Ok(indexed_attestation) => indexed_attestation,
Err(e) => {
return Err((
SignatureNotChecked(signed_aggregate.message.aggregate.clone(), e),
signed_aggregate,
))
}
};
// Ensure that all signatures are valid.
if let Err(e) =
verify_signed_aggregate_signatures(chain, &signed_aggregate, &indexed_attestation)
.and_then(|is_valid| {
if !is_valid {
Err(Error::InvalidSignature)
} else {
Ok(())
}
})
{
return Err((SignatureInvalid(e), signed_aggregate));
}
if let Err(e) = Self::verify_late_checks(&signed_aggregate, attestation_root, chain) {
return Err((SignatureValid(indexed_attestation, e), signed_aggregate));
}
Ok(VerifiedAggregatedAttestation {
signed_aggregate,
indexed_attestation,
})
}
/// A helper function to add this aggregate to `beacon_chain.op_pool`.
pub fn add_to_pool(self, chain: &BeaconChain<T>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
chain.add_to_block_inclusion_pool(self)
}
/// Returns the underlying `attestation` for the `signed_aggregate`.
pub fn attestation(&self) -> &Attestation<T::EthSpec> {
&self.signed_aggregate.message.aggregate
}
/// Returns the underlying `signed_aggregate`.
pub fn aggregate(&self) -> &SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec> {
&self.signed_aggregate
}
}
impl<T: BeaconChainTypes> VerifiedUnaggregatedAttestation<T> {
/// Run the checks that happen before an indexed attestation is constructed.
pub fn verify_early_checks(
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let attestation_epoch = attestation.data.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch());
// Check the attestation's epoch matches its target.
if attestation_epoch != attestation.data.target.epoch {
return Err(Error::InvalidTargetEpoch {
slot: attestation.data.slot,
epoch: attestation.data.target.epoch,
});
}
// Ensure attestation is within the last ATTESTATION_PROPAGATION_SLOT_RANGE slots (within a
// MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY allowance).
//
// We do not queue future attestations for later processing.
verify_propagation_slot_range(chain, &attestation)?;
// Check to ensure that the attestation is "unaggregated". I.e., it has exactly one
// aggregation bit set.
let num_aggregation_bits = attestation.aggregation_bits.num_set_bits();
if num_aggregation_bits != 1 {
return Err(Error::NotExactlyOneAggregationBitSet(num_aggregation_bits));
}
// Attestations must be for a known block. If the block is unknown, we simply drop the
// attestation and do not delay consideration for later.
//
// Enforce a maximum skip distance for unaggregated attestations.
let head_block =
verify_head_block_is_known(chain, &attestation, chain.config.import_max_skip_slots)?;
// Check the attestation target root is consistent with the head root.
verify_attestation_target_root::<T::EthSpec>(&head_block, &attestation)?;
Ok(())
}
/// Run the checks that apply to the indexed attestation before the signature is checked.
pub fn verify_middle_checks(
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
indexed_attestation: &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>,
committees_per_slot: u64,
subnet_id: Option<SubnetId>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<(u64, SubnetId), Error> {
let expected_subnet_id = SubnetId::compute_subnet_for_attestation_data::<T::EthSpec>(
&indexed_attestation.data,
committees_per_slot,
&chain.spec,
)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::from)?;
// If a subnet was specified, ensure that subnet is correct.
if let Some(subnet_id) = subnet_id {
if subnet_id != expected_subnet_id {
return Err(Error::InvalidSubnetId {
received: subnet_id,
expected: expected_subnet_id,
});
}
};
let validator_index = *indexed_attestation
.attesting_indices
.first()
.ok_or(Error::NotExactlyOneAggregationBitSet(0))?;
/*
* The attestation is the first valid attestation received for the participating validator
* for the slot, attestation.data.slot.
*/
if chain
.observed_attesters
.read()
.validator_has_been_observed(attestation.data.target.epoch, validator_index as usize)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::from)?
{
return Err(Error::PriorAttestationKnown {
validator_index,
epoch: attestation.data.target.epoch,
});
}
Ok((validator_index, expected_subnet_id))
}
/// Run the checks that apply after the signature has been checked.
fn verify_late_checks(
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
validator_index: u64,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
// Now that the attestation has been fully verified, store that we have received a valid
// attestation from this validator.
//
// It's important to double check that the attestation still hasn't been observed, since
// there can be a race-condition if we receive two attestations at the same time and
// process them in different threads.
if chain
.observed_attesters
.write()
.observe_validator(attestation.data.target.epoch, validator_index as usize)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::from)?
{
return Err(Error::PriorAttestationKnown {
validator_index,
epoch: attestation.data.target.epoch,
});
}
Ok(())
}
/// Returns `Ok(Self)` if the `attestation` is valid to be (re)published on the gossip
/// network.
///
/// `subnet_id` is the subnet from which we received this attestation. This function will
/// verify that it was received on the correct subnet.
pub fn verify(
attestation: Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
subnet_id: Option<SubnetId>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<Self, (Error, Attestation<T::EthSpec>)> {
Self::verify_slashable(attestation, subnet_id, chain)
.map(|verified_unaggregated| {
if let Some(slasher) = chain.slasher.as_ref() {
slasher.accept_attestation(verified_unaggregated.indexed_attestation.clone());
}
verified_unaggregated
})
.map_err(|(slash_info, original_attestation)| {
(process_slash_info(slash_info, chain), original_attestation)
})
}
/// Verify the attestation, producing extra information about whether it might be slashable.
// NOTE: Clippy considers the return too complex. This tuple is not used elsewhere so it is not
// worth creating an alias.
#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
pub fn verify_slashable(
attestation: Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
subnet_id: Option<SubnetId>,
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
) -> Result<Self, (AttestationSlashInfo<T, Error>, Attestation<T::EthSpec>)> {
use AttestationSlashInfo::*;
if let Err(e) = Self::verify_early_checks(&attestation, chain) {
return Err((SignatureNotChecked(attestation.clone(), e), attestation));
}
let (indexed_attestation, committees_per_slot) =
match obtain_indexed_attestation_and_committees_per_slot(chain, &attestation) {
Ok(x) => x,
Err(e) => {
return Err((SignatureNotChecked(attestation.clone(), e), attestation));
}
};
let (validator_index, expected_subnet_id) = match Self::verify_middle_checks(
&attestation,
&indexed_attestation,
committees_per_slot,
subnet_id,
chain,
) {
Ok(t) => t,
Err(e) => {
return Err((
SignatureNotCheckedIndexed(indexed_attestation, e),
attestation,
))
}
};
// The aggregate signature of the attestation is valid.
if let Err(e) = verify_attestation_signature(chain, &indexed_attestation) {
return Err((SignatureInvalid(e), attestation));
}
if let Err(e) = Self::verify_late_checks(&attestation, validator_index, chain) {
return Err((SignatureValid(indexed_attestation, e), attestation));
}
Ok(Self {
attestation,
indexed_attestation,
subnet_id: expected_subnet_id,
})
}
/// A helper function to add this attestation to `beacon_chain.naive_aggregation_pool`.
pub fn add_to_pool(self, chain: &BeaconChain<T>) -> Result<Self, Error> {
chain.add_to_naive_aggregation_pool(self)
}
/// Returns the correct subnet for the attestation.
pub fn subnet_id(&self) -> SubnetId {
self.subnet_id
}
/// Returns the wrapped `attestation`.
pub fn attestation(&self) -> &Attestation<T::EthSpec> {
&self.attestation
}
/// Returns the wrapped `indexed_attestation`.
pub fn indexed_attestation(&self) -> &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec> {
&self.indexed_attestation
}
/// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying attestation.
///
/// Only use during testing since modifying the `IndexedAttestation` can cause the attestation
/// to no-longer be valid.
pub fn __indexed_attestation_mut(&mut self) -> &mut IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec> {
&mut self.indexed_attestation
}
}
/// Returns `Ok(())` if the `attestation.data.beacon_block_root` is known to this chain.
/// You can use this `shuffling_id` to read from the shuffling cache.
///
/// The block root may not be known for two reasons:
///
/// 1. The block has never been verified by our application.
/// 2. The block is prior to the latest finalized block.
///
/// Case (1) is the exact thing we're trying to detect. However case (2) is a little different, but
/// it's still fine to reject here because there's no need for us to handle attestations that are
/// already finalized.
fn verify_head_block_is_known<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
max_skip_slots: Option<u64>,
) -> Result<ProtoBlock, Error> {
if let Some(block) = chain
.fork_choice
.read()
.get_block(&attestation.data.beacon_block_root)
{
// Reject any block that exceeds our limit on skipped slots.
if let Some(max_skip_slots) = max_skip_slots {
if attestation.data.slot > block.slot + max_skip_slots {
return Err(Error::TooManySkippedSlots {
head_block_slot: block.slot,
attestation_slot: attestation.data.slot,
});
}
}
Ok(block)
} else {
Err(Error::UnknownHeadBlock {
beacon_block_root: attestation.data.beacon_block_root,
})
}
}
/// Verify that the `attestation` is within the acceptable gossip propagation range, with reference
/// to the current slot of the `chain`.
///
/// Accounts for `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`.
pub fn verify_propagation_slot_range<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let attestation_slot = attestation.data.slot;
let latest_permissible_slot = chain
.slot_clock
.now_with_future_tolerance(MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY)
.ok_or(BeaconChainError::UnableToReadSlot)?;
if attestation_slot > latest_permissible_slot {
return Err(Error::FutureSlot {
attestation_slot,
latest_permissible_slot,
});
}
// Taking advantage of saturating subtraction on `Slot`.
let earliest_permissible_slot = chain
.slot_clock
.now_with_past_tolerance(MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY)
.ok_or(BeaconChainError::UnableToReadSlot)?
- T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch();
if attestation_slot < earliest_permissible_slot {
return Err(Error::PastSlot {
attestation_slot,
earliest_permissible_slot,
});
}
Ok(())
}
/// Verifies that the signature of the `indexed_attestation` is valid.
pub fn verify_attestation_signature<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
indexed_attestation: &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
let signature_setup_timer =
metrics::start_timer(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_SIGNATURE_SETUP_TIMES);
let pubkey_cache = chain
.validator_pubkey_cache
.try_read_for(VALIDATOR_PUBKEY_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT)
.ok_or(BeaconChainError::ValidatorPubkeyCacheLockTimeout)?;
let fork = chain
.spec
.fork_at_epoch(indexed_attestation.data.target.epoch);
let signature_set = indexed_attestation_signature_set_from_pubkeys(
|validator_index| pubkey_cache.get(validator_index).map(Cow::Borrowed),
&indexed_attestation.signature,
&indexed_attestation,
&fork,
chain.genesis_validators_root,
&chain.spec,
)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::SignatureSetError)?;
metrics::stop_timer(signature_setup_timer);
let _signature_verification_timer =
metrics::start_timer(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_SIGNATURE_TIMES);
if signature_set.verify() {
Ok(())
} else {
Err(Error::InvalidSignature)
}
}
/// Verifies that the `attestation.data.target.root` is indeed the target root of the block at
/// `attestation.data.beacon_block_root`.
pub fn verify_attestation_target_root<T: EthSpec>(
head_block: &ProtoBlock,
attestation: &Attestation<T>,
) -> Result<(), Error> {
// Check the attestation target root.
let head_block_epoch = head_block.slot.epoch(T::slots_per_epoch());
let attestation_epoch = attestation.data.slot.epoch(T::slots_per_epoch());
if head_block_epoch > attestation_epoch {
// The epoch references an invalid head block from a future epoch.
//
// This check is not in the specification, however we guard against it since it opens us up
// to weird edge cases during verification.
//
// Whilst this attestation *technically* could be used to add value to a block, it is
// invalid in the spirit of the protocol. Here we choose safety over profit.
//
// Reference:
// https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/pull/2001#issuecomment-699246659
return Err(Error::InvalidTargetRoot {
attestation: attestation.data.target.root,
// It is not clear what root we should expect in this case, since the attestation is
// fundamentally invalid.
expected: None,
});
} else {
let target_root = if head_block_epoch == attestation_epoch {
// If the block is in the same epoch as the attestation, then use the target root
// from the block.
head_block.target_root
} else {
// If the head block is from a previous epoch then skip slots will cause the head block
// root to become the target block root.
//
// We know the head block is from a previous epoch due to a previous check.
head_block.root
};
// Reject any attestation with an invalid target root.
if target_root != attestation.data.target.root {
return Err(Error::InvalidTargetRoot {
attestation: attestation.data.target.root,
expected: Some(target_root),
});
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// Verifies all the signatures in a `SignedAggregateAndProof` using BLS batch verification. This
/// includes three signatures:
///
/// - `signed_aggregate.signature`
/// - `signed_aggregate.message.selection_proof`
/// - `signed_aggregate.message.aggregate.signature`
///
/// # Returns
///
/// - `Ok(true)`: if all signatures are valid.
/// - `Ok(false)`: if one or more signatures are invalid.
/// - `Err(e)`: if there was an error preventing signature verification.
pub fn verify_signed_aggregate_signatures<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
signed_aggregate: &SignedAggregateAndProof<T::EthSpec>,
indexed_attestation: &IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>,
) -> Result<bool, Error> {
let pubkey_cache = chain
.validator_pubkey_cache
.try_read_for(VALIDATOR_PUBKEY_CACHE_LOCK_TIMEOUT)
.ok_or(BeaconChainError::ValidatorPubkeyCacheLockTimeout)?;
let aggregator_index = signed_aggregate.message.aggregator_index;
if aggregator_index >= pubkey_cache.len() as u64 {
return Err(Error::AggregatorPubkeyUnknown(aggregator_index));
}
let fork = chain
.spec
.fork_at_epoch(indexed_attestation.data.target.epoch);
let signature_sets = vec![
signed_aggregate_selection_proof_signature_set(
|validator_index| pubkey_cache.get(validator_index).map(Cow::Borrowed),
&signed_aggregate,
&fork,
chain.genesis_validators_root,
&chain.spec,
)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::SignatureSetError)?,
signed_aggregate_signature_set(
|validator_index| pubkey_cache.get(validator_index).map(Cow::Borrowed),
&signed_aggregate,
&fork,
chain.genesis_validators_root,
&chain.spec,
)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::SignatureSetError)?,
indexed_attestation_signature_set_from_pubkeys(
|validator_index| pubkey_cache.get(validator_index).map(Cow::Borrowed),
&indexed_attestation.signature,
&indexed_attestation,
&fork,
chain.genesis_validators_root,
&chain.spec,
)
.map_err(BeaconChainError::SignatureSetError)?,
];
Ok(verify_signature_sets(signature_sets.iter()))
}
/// Assists in readability.
type CommitteesPerSlot = u64;
/// Returns the `indexed_attestation` and committee count per slot for the `attestation` using the
/// public keys cached in the `chain`.
fn obtain_indexed_attestation_and_committees_per_slot<T: BeaconChainTypes>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
) -> Result<(IndexedAttestation<T::EthSpec>, CommitteesPerSlot), Error> {
map_attestation_committee(chain, attestation, |(committee, committees_per_slot)| {
get_indexed_attestation(committee.committee, &attestation)
.map(|attestation| (attestation, committees_per_slot))
.map_err(Error::Invalid)
})
}
/// Runs the `map_fn` with the committee and committee count per slot for the given `attestation`.
///
/// This function exists in this odd "map" pattern because efficiently obtaining the committee for
/// an attestation can be complex. It might involve reading straight from the
/// `beacon_chain.shuffling_cache` or it might involve reading it from a state from the DB. Due to
/// the complexities of `RwLock`s on the shuffling cache, a simple `Cow` isn't suitable here.
///
/// If the committee for `attestation` isn't found in the `shuffling_cache`, we will read a state
/// from disk and then update the `shuffling_cache`.
fn map_attestation_committee<T, F, R>(
chain: &BeaconChain<T>,
attestation: &Attestation<T::EthSpec>,
map_fn: F,
) -> Result<R, Error>
where
T: BeaconChainTypes,
F: Fn((BeaconCommittee, CommitteesPerSlot)) -> Result<R, Error>,
{
let attestation_epoch = attestation.data.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch());
let target = &attestation.data.target;
// Attestation target must be for a known block.
//
// We use fork choice to find the target root, which means that we reject any attestation
// that has a `target.root` earlier than our latest finalized root. There's no point in
// processing an attestation that does not include our latest finalized block in its chain.
//
// We do not delay consideration for later, we simply drop the attestation.
if !chain.fork_choice.read().contains_block(&target.root) {
return Err(Error::UnknownTargetRoot(target.root));
}
chain
.with_committee_cache(target.root, attestation_epoch, |committee_cache, _| {
let committees_per_slot = committee_cache.committees_per_slot();
Ok(committee_cache
.get_beacon_committee(attestation.data.slot, attestation.data.index)
.map(|committee| map_fn((committee, committees_per_slot)))
.unwrap_or_else(|| {
Err(Error::NoCommitteeForSlotAndIndex {
slot: attestation.data.slot,
index: attestation.data.index,
})
}))
})
.map_err(BeaconChainError::from)?
}