use crate::checkpoint::CheckPoint; use crate::errors::{BeaconChainError as Error, BlockProductionError}; use crate::eth1_chain::{Eth1Chain, Eth1ChainBackend}; use crate::events::{EventHandler, EventKind}; use crate::fork_choice::{Error as ForkChoiceError, ForkChoice}; use crate::head_tracker::HeadTracker; use crate::metrics; use crate::persisted_beacon_chain::{PersistedBeaconChain, BEACON_CHAIN_DB_KEY}; use crate::timeout_rw_lock::TimeoutRwLock; use operation_pool::{OperationPool, PersistedOperationPool}; use slog::{debug, error, info, trace, warn, Logger}; use slot_clock::SlotClock; use ssz::Encode; use state_processing::per_block_processing::{ errors::{ AttestationValidationError, AttesterSlashingValidationError, ExitValidationError, ProposerSlashingValidationError, }, verify_attestation_for_state, VerifySignatures, }; use state_processing::{ per_block_processing, per_slot_processing, BlockProcessingError, BlockSignatureStrategy, }; use std::borrow::Cow; use std::cmp::Ordering; use std::fs; use std::io::prelude::*; use std::sync::Arc; use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; use store::iter::{ BlockRootsIterator, ReverseBlockRootIterator, ReverseStateRootIterator, StateRootsIterator, }; use store::{Error as DBError, Migrate, StateBatch, Store}; use tree_hash::TreeHash; use types::*; // Text included in blocks. // Must be 32-bytes or panic. // // |-------must be this long------| pub const GRAFFITI: &str = "sigp/lighthouse-0.1.1-prerelease"; /// If true, everytime a block is processed the pre-state, post-state and block are written to SSZ /// files in the temp directory. /// /// Only useful for testing. const WRITE_BLOCK_PROCESSING_SSZ: bool = cfg!(feature = "write_ssz_files"); /// Maximum block slot number. Block with slots bigger than this constant will NOT be processed. const MAXIMUM_BLOCK_SLOT_NUMBER: u64 = 4_294_967_296; // 2^32 /// The time-out before failure during an operation to take a read/write RwLock on the canonical /// head. const HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1); #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)] pub enum BlockProcessingOutcome { /// Block was valid and imported into the block graph. Processed { block_root: Hash256 }, /// The parent block was unknown. ParentUnknown { parent: Hash256, reference_location: &'static str, }, /// The block slot is greater than the present slot. FutureSlot { present_slot: Slot, block_slot: Slot, }, /// The block state_root does not match the generated state. StateRootMismatch { block: Hash256, local: Hash256 }, /// The block was a genesis block, these blocks cannot be re-imported. GenesisBlock, /// The slot is finalized, no need to import. WouldRevertFinalizedSlot { block_slot: Slot, finalized_slot: Slot, }, /// Block is already known, no need to re-import. BlockIsAlreadyKnown, /// The block slot exceeds the MAXIMUM_BLOCK_SLOT_NUMBER. BlockSlotLimitReached, /// The block could not be applied to the state, it is invalid. PerBlockProcessingError(BlockProcessingError), } #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)] pub enum AttestationProcessingOutcome { Processed, EmptyAggregationBitfield, UnknownHeadBlock { beacon_block_root: Hash256, }, /// The attestation is attesting to a state that is later than itself. (Viz., attesting to the /// future). AttestsToFutureState { state: Slot, attestation: Slot, }, /// The slot is finalized, no need to import. FinalizedSlot { attestation: Epoch, finalized: Epoch, }, Invalid(AttestationValidationError), } /// Defines how a `BeaconState` should be "skipped" through skip-slots. pub enum StateSkipConfig { /// Calculate the state root during each skip slot, producing a fully-valid `BeaconState`. WithStateRoots, /// Don't calculate the state root at each slot, instead just use the zero hash. This is orders /// of magnitude faster, however it produces a partially invalid state. /// /// This state is useful for operations that don't use the state roots; e.g., for calculating /// the shuffling. WithoutStateRoots, } pub struct HeadInfo { pub slot: Slot, pub block_root: Hash256, pub state_root: Hash256, pub current_justified_checkpoint: types::Checkpoint, pub finalized_checkpoint: types::Checkpoint, pub fork: Fork, } pub trait BeaconChainTypes: Send + Sync + 'static { type Store: store::Store; type StoreMigrator: store::Migrate; type SlotClock: slot_clock::SlotClock; type Eth1Chain: Eth1ChainBackend; type EthSpec: types::EthSpec; type EventHandler: EventHandler; } /// Represents the "Beacon Chain" component of Ethereum 2.0. Allows import of blocks and block /// operations and chooses a canonical head. pub struct BeaconChain { pub spec: ChainSpec, /// Persistent storage for blocks, states, etc. Typically an on-disk store, such as LevelDB. pub store: Arc, /// Database migrator for running background maintenance on the store. pub store_migrator: T::StoreMigrator, /// Reports the current slot, typically based upon the system clock. pub slot_clock: T::SlotClock, /// Stores all operations (e.g., `Attestation`, `Deposit`, etc) that are candidates for /// inclusion in a block. pub op_pool: OperationPool, /// Provides information from the Ethereum 1 (PoW) chain. pub eth1_chain: Option>, /// Stores a "snapshot" of the chain at the time the head-of-the-chain block was received. pub(crate) canonical_head: TimeoutRwLock>, /// The root of the genesis block. pub genesis_block_root: Hash256, /// A state-machine that is updated with information from the network and chooses a canonical /// head block. pub fork_choice: ForkChoice, /// A handler for events generated by the beacon chain. pub event_handler: T::EventHandler, /// Used to track the heads of the beacon chain. pub(crate) head_tracker: HeadTracker, /// Logging to CLI, etc. pub(crate) log: Logger, } type BeaconBlockAndState = (BeaconBlock, BeaconState); impl BeaconChain { /// Attempt to save this instance to `self.store`. pub fn persist(&self) -> Result<(), Error> { let timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::PERSIST_CHAIN); let canonical_head = self.head()?; let finalized_checkpoint = { let beacon_block_root = canonical_head.beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint.root; let beacon_block = self .store .get_block(&beacon_block_root)? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconBlock(beacon_block_root))?; let beacon_state_root = beacon_block.state_root(); let beacon_state = self .get_state(&beacon_state_root, Some(beacon_block.slot()))? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconState(beacon_state_root))?; CheckPoint { beacon_block_root, beacon_block, beacon_state_root, beacon_state, } }; let p: PersistedBeaconChain = PersistedBeaconChain { canonical_head, finalized_checkpoint, op_pool: PersistedOperationPool::from_operation_pool(&self.op_pool), genesis_block_root: self.genesis_block_root, ssz_head_tracker: self.head_tracker.to_ssz_container(), fork_choice: self.fork_choice.as_ssz_container(), eth1_cache: self.eth1_chain.as_ref().map(|x| x.as_ssz_container()), }; let key = Hash256::from_slice(&BEACON_CHAIN_DB_KEY.as_bytes()); self.store.put(&key, &p)?; metrics::stop_timer(timer); Ok(()) } /// Returns the slot _right now_ according to `self.slot_clock`. Returns `Err` if the slot is /// unavailable. /// /// The slot might be unavailable due to an error with the system clock, or if the present time /// is before genesis (i.e., a negative slot). pub fn slot(&self) -> Result { self.slot_clock.now().ok_or_else(|| Error::UnableToReadSlot) } /// Returns the epoch _right now_ according to `self.slot_clock`. Returns `Err` if the epoch is /// unavailable. /// /// The epoch might be unavailable due to an error with the system clock, or if the present time /// is before genesis (i.e., a negative epoch). pub fn epoch(&self) -> Result { self.slot() .map(|slot| slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch())) } /// Iterates across all `(block_root, slot)` pairs from the head of the chain (inclusive) to /// the earliest reachable ancestor (may or may not be genesis). /// /// ## Notes /// /// `slot` always decreases by `1`. /// - Skipped slots contain the root of the closest prior /// non-skipped slot (identical to the way they are stored in `state.block_roots`) . /// - Iterator returns `(Hash256, Slot)`. /// - As this iterator starts at the `head` of the chain (viz., the best block), the first slot /// returned may be earlier than the wall-clock slot. pub fn rev_iter_block_roots( &self, ) -> Result, Error> { let head = self.head()?; let iter = BlockRootsIterator::owned(self.store.clone(), head.beacon_state); Ok(ReverseBlockRootIterator::new( (head.beacon_block_root, head.beacon_block.slot()), iter, )) } pub fn forwards_iter_block_roots( &self, start_slot: Slot, ) -> Result<>::ForwardsBlockRootsIterator, Error> { let local_head = self.head()?; Ok(T::Store::forwards_block_roots_iterator( self.store.clone(), start_slot, local_head.beacon_state, local_head.beacon_block_root, &self.spec, )) } /// Traverse backwards from `block_root` to find the block roots of its ancestors. /// /// ## Notes /// /// `slot` always decreases by `1`. /// - Skipped slots contain the root of the closest prior /// non-skipped slot (identical to the way they are stored in `state.block_roots`) . /// - Iterator returns `(Hash256, Slot)`. /// - The provided `block_root` is included as the first item in the iterator. pub fn rev_iter_block_roots_from( &self, block_root: Hash256, ) -> Result, Error> { let block = self .get_block(&block_root)? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconBlock(block_root))?; let state = self .get_state(&block.state_root(), Some(block.slot()))? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconState(block.state_root()))?; let iter = BlockRootsIterator::owned(self.store.clone(), state); Ok(ReverseBlockRootIterator::new( (block_root, block.slot()), iter, )) } /// Traverse backwards from `block_root` to find the root of the ancestor block at `slot`. pub fn get_ancestor_block_root( &self, block_root: Hash256, slot: Slot, ) -> Result, Error> { Ok(self .rev_iter_block_roots_from(block_root)? .find(|(_, ancestor_slot)| *ancestor_slot == slot) .map(|(ancestor_block_root, _)| ancestor_block_root)) } /// Iterates across all `(state_root, slot)` pairs from the head of the chain (inclusive) to /// the earliest reachable ancestor (may or may not be genesis). /// /// ## Notes /// /// `slot` always decreases by `1`. /// - Iterator returns `(Hash256, Slot)`. /// - As this iterator starts at the `head` of the chain (viz., the best block), the first slot /// returned may be earlier than the wall-clock slot. pub fn rev_iter_state_roots( &self, ) -> Result, Error> { let head = self.head()?; let slot = head.beacon_state.slot; let iter = StateRootsIterator::owned(self.store.clone(), head.beacon_state); Ok(ReverseStateRootIterator::new( (head.beacon_state_root, slot), iter, )) } /// Returns the block at the given slot, if any. Only returns blocks in the canonical chain. /// /// ## Errors /// /// May return a database error. pub fn block_at_slot( &self, slot: Slot, ) -> Result>, Error> { let root = self .rev_iter_block_roots()? .find(|(_, this_slot)| *this_slot == slot) .map(|(root, _)| root); if let Some(block_root) = root { Ok(self.store.get(&block_root)?) } else { Ok(None) } } /// Returns the block at the given root, if any. /// /// ## Errors /// /// May return a database error. pub fn get_block( &self, block_root: &Hash256, ) -> Result>, Error> { Ok(self.store.get_block(block_root)?) } /// Returns the state at the given root, if any. /// /// ## Errors /// /// May return a database error. pub fn get_state( &self, state_root: &Hash256, slot: Option, ) -> Result>, Error> { Ok(self.store.get_state(state_root, slot)?) } /// Returns the state at the given root, if any. /// /// The return state does not contain any caches other than the committee caches. This method /// is much faster than `Self::get_state` because it does not clone the tree hash cache /// when the state is found in the cache. /// /// ## Errors /// /// May return a database error. pub fn get_state_caching_only_with_committee_caches( &self, state_root: &Hash256, slot: Option, ) -> Result>, Error> { Ok(self.store.get_state_with( state_root, slot, types::beacon_state::CloneConfig::committee_caches_only(), )?) } /// Returns a `Checkpoint` representing the head block and state. Contains the "best block"; /// the head of the canonical `BeaconChain`. /// /// It is important to note that the `beacon_state` returned may not match the present slot. It /// is the state as it was when the head block was received, which could be some slots prior to /// now. pub fn head(&self) -> Result, Error> { self.canonical_head .try_read_for(HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT) .ok_or_else(|| Error::CanonicalHeadLockTimeout) .map(|v| v.clone_with_only_committee_caches()) } /// Returns info representing the head block and state. /// /// A summarized version of `Self::head` that involves less cloning. pub fn head_info(&self) -> Result { let head = self .canonical_head .try_read_for(HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT) .ok_or_else(|| Error::CanonicalHeadLockTimeout)?; Ok(HeadInfo { slot: head.beacon_block.slot(), block_root: head.beacon_block_root, state_root: head.beacon_state_root, current_justified_checkpoint: head.beacon_state.current_justified_checkpoint.clone(), finalized_checkpoint: head.beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint.clone(), fork: head.beacon_state.fork.clone(), }) } /// Returns the current heads of the `BeaconChain`. For the canonical head, see `Self::head`. /// /// Returns `(block_root, block_slot)`. pub fn heads(&self) -> Vec<(Hash256, Slot)> { self.head_tracker.heads() } /// Returns the `BeaconState` at the given slot. /// /// Returns `None` when the state is not found in the database or there is an error skipping /// to a future state. pub fn state_at_slot( &self, slot: Slot, config: StateSkipConfig, ) -> Result, Error> { let head_state = self.head()?.beacon_state; match slot.cmp(&head_state.slot) { Ordering::Equal => Ok(head_state), Ordering::Greater => { if slot > head_state.slot + T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch() { warn!( self.log, "Skipping more than an epoch"; "head_slot" => head_state.slot, "request_slot" => slot ) } let start_slot = head_state.slot; let task_start = Instant::now(); let max_task_runtime = Duration::from_millis(self.spec.milliseconds_per_slot); let head_state_slot = head_state.slot; let mut state = head_state; let skip_state_root = match config { StateSkipConfig::WithStateRoots => None, StateSkipConfig::WithoutStateRoots => Some(Hash256::zero()), }; while state.slot < slot { // Do not allow and forward state skip that takes longer than the maximum task duration. // // This is a protection against nodes doing too much work when they're not synced // to a chain. if task_start + max_task_runtime < Instant::now() { return Err(Error::StateSkipTooLarge { start_slot, requested_slot: slot, max_task_runtime, }); } // Note: supplying some `state_root` when it is known would be a cheap and easy // optimization. match per_slot_processing(&mut state, skip_state_root, &self.spec) { Ok(()) => (), Err(e) => { warn!( self.log, "Unable to load state at slot"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e), "head_slot" => head_state_slot, "requested_slot" => slot ); return Err(Error::NoStateForSlot(slot)); } }; } Ok(state) } Ordering::Less => { let state_root = self .rev_iter_state_roots()? .take_while(|(_root, current_slot)| *current_slot >= slot) .find(|(_root, current_slot)| *current_slot == slot) .map(|(root, _slot)| root) .ok_or_else(|| Error::NoStateForSlot(slot))?; Ok(self .get_state(&state_root, Some(slot))? .ok_or_else(|| Error::NoStateForSlot(slot))?) } } } /// Returns the `BeaconState` the current slot (viz., `self.slot()`). /// /// - A reference to the head state (note: this keeps a read lock on the head, try to use /// sparingly). /// - The head state, but with skipped slots (for states later than the head). /// /// Returns `None` when there is an error skipping to a future state or the slot clock cannot /// be read. pub fn wall_clock_state(&self) -> Result, Error> { self.state_at_slot(self.slot()?, StateSkipConfig::WithStateRoots) } /// Returns the slot of the highest block in the canonical chain. pub fn best_slot(&self) -> Result { self.canonical_head .try_read_for(HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT) .map(|head| head.beacon_block.slot()) .ok_or_else(|| Error::CanonicalHeadLockTimeout) } /// Returns the validator index (if any) for the given public key. /// /// Information is retrieved from the present `beacon_state.validators`. pub fn validator_index(&self, pubkey: &PublicKeyBytes) -> Result, Error> { for (i, validator) in self.head()?.beacon_state.validators.iter().enumerate() { if validator.pubkey == *pubkey { return Ok(Some(i)); } } Ok(None) } /// Returns the block canonical root of the current canonical chain at a given slot. /// /// Returns None if a block doesn't exist at the slot. pub fn root_at_slot(&self, target_slot: Slot) -> Result, Error> { Ok(self .rev_iter_block_roots()? .find(|(_root, slot)| *slot == target_slot) .map(|(root, _slot)| root)) } /// Returns the block proposer for a given slot. /// /// Information is read from the present `beacon_state` shuffling, only information from the /// present epoch is available. pub fn block_proposer(&self, slot: Slot) -> Result { let epoch = |slot: Slot| slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); let head_state = &self.head()?.beacon_state; let mut state = if epoch(slot) == epoch(head_state.slot) { self.head()?.beacon_state } else { // The block proposer shuffling is not affected by the state roots, so we don't need to // calculate them. self.state_at_slot(slot, StateSkipConfig::WithoutStateRoots)? }; state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Current, &self.spec)?; if epoch(state.slot) != epoch(slot) { return Err(Error::InvariantViolated(format!( "Epochs in consistent in proposer lookup: state: {}, requested: {}", epoch(state.slot), epoch(slot) ))); } state .get_beacon_proposer_index(slot, &self.spec) .map_err(Into::into) } /// Produce an `Attestation` that is valid for the given `slot` and `index`. /// /// Always attests to the canonical chain. pub fn produce_attestation( &self, slot: Slot, index: CommitteeIndex, ) -> Result, Error> { // Note: we're taking a lock on the head. The work involved here should be trivial enough // that the lock should not be held for long. let head = self .canonical_head .try_read_for(HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT) .ok_or_else(|| Error::CanonicalHeadLockTimeout)?; if slot >= head.beacon_block.slot() { self.produce_attestation_for_block( slot, index, head.beacon_block_root, Cow::Borrowed(&head.beacon_state), ) } else { // Note: this method will fail if `slot` is more than `state.block_roots.len()` slots // prior to the head. // // This seems reasonable, producing an attestation at a slot so far // in the past seems useless, definitely in mainnet spec. In minimal spec, when the // block roots only contain two epochs of history, it's possible that you will fail to // produce an attestation that would be valid to be included in a block. Given that // minimal is only for testing, I think this is fine. // // It is important to note that what's _not_ allowed here is attesting to a slot in the // past. You can still attest to a block an arbitrary distance in the past, just not as // if you are in a slot in the past. let beacon_block_root = *head.beacon_state.get_block_root(slot)?; let state_root = *head.beacon_state.get_state_root(slot)?; // Avoid holding a lock on the head whilst doing database reads. Good boi functions // don't hog locks. drop(head); let mut state = self .get_state_caching_only_with_committee_caches(&state_root, Some(slot))? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconState(state_root))?; state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Current, &self.spec)?; self.produce_attestation_for_block(slot, index, beacon_block_root, Cow::Owned(state)) } } /// Produce an `AttestationData` that attests to the chain denoted by `block_root` and `state`. /// /// Permits attesting to any arbitrary chain. Generally, the `produce_attestation_data` /// function should be used as it attests to the canonical chain. pub fn produce_attestation_for_block( &self, slot: Slot, index: CommitteeIndex, beacon_block_root: Hash256, mut state: Cow>, ) -> Result, Error> { let epoch = slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); if state.slot > slot { return Err(Error::CannotAttestToFutureState); } else if state.current_epoch() + 1 < epoch { let mut_state = state.to_mut(); while mut_state.current_epoch() + 1 < epoch { // Note: here we provide `Hash256::zero()` as the root of the current state. This // has the effect of setting the values of all historic state roots to the zero // hash. This is an optimization, we don't need the state roots so why calculate // them? per_slot_processing(mut_state, Some(Hash256::zero()), &self.spec)?; } mut_state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Next, &self.spec)?; } let committee_len = state.get_beacon_committee(slot, index)?.committee.len(); let target_slot = epoch.start_slot(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); let target_root = if state.slot <= target_slot { beacon_block_root } else { *state.get_block_root(target_slot)? }; Ok(Attestation { aggregation_bits: BitList::with_capacity(committee_len)?, data: AttestationData { slot, index, beacon_block_root: beacon_block_root, source: state.current_justified_checkpoint.clone(), target: Checkpoint { epoch, root: target_root, }, }, signature: AggregateSignature::new(), }) } /// Accept a new, potentially invalid attestation from the network. /// /// If valid, the attestation is added to `self.op_pool` and `self.fork_choice`. /// /// Returns an `Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome)` if the chain was able to make a determination /// about the `attestation` (whether it was invalid or not). Returns an `Err` if there was an /// error during this process and no determination was able to be made. /// /// ## Notes /// /// - Whilst the `attestation` is added to fork choice, the head is not updated. That must be /// done separately. pub fn process_attestation( &self, attestation: Attestation, ) -> Result { let outcome = self.process_attestation_internal(attestation.clone()); match &outcome { Ok(outcome) => match outcome { AttestationProcessingOutcome::Processed => { trace!( self.log, "Beacon attestation imported"; "target_epoch" => attestation.data.target.epoch, "index" => attestation.data.index, ); let _ = self .event_handler .register(EventKind::BeaconAttestationImported { attestation: Box::new(attestation), }); } other => { trace!( self.log, "Beacon attestation rejected"; "reason" => format!("{:?}", other), ); let _ = self .event_handler .register(EventKind::BeaconAttestationRejected { reason: format!("Invalid attestation: {:?}", other), attestation: Box::new(attestation), }); } }, Err(e) => { error!( self.log, "Beacon attestation processing error"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e), ); let _ = self .event_handler .register(EventKind::BeaconAttestationRejected { reason: format!("Internal error: {:?}", e), attestation: Box::new(attestation), }); } } outcome } pub fn process_attestation_internal( &self, attestation: Attestation, ) -> Result { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_REQUESTS); let timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_TIMES); if attestation.aggregation_bits.num_set_bits() == 0 { return Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::EmptyAggregationBitfield); } // From the store, load the attestation's "head block". // // An honest validator would have set this block to be the head of the chain (i.e., the // result of running fork choice). let result = if let Some(attestation_head_block) = self.get_block(&attestation.data.beacon_block_root)? { // If the attestation points to a block in the same epoch in which it was made, // then it is sufficient to load the state from that epoch's boundary, because // the epoch-variable fields like the justified checkpoints cannot have changed // between the epoch boundary and when the attestation was made. If conversely, // the attestation points to a block in a prior epoch, then it is necessary to // load the full state corresponding to its block, and transition it to the // attestation's epoch. let attestation_block_root = attestation_head_block.state_root(); let attestation_epoch = attestation.data.target.epoch; let slots_per_epoch = T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch(); let mut state = if attestation_epoch == attestation_head_block.slot().epoch(slots_per_epoch) { self.store .load_epoch_boundary_state(&attestation_block_root)? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconState(attestation_block_root))? } else { let mut state = self .get_state_caching_only_with_committee_caches( &attestation_head_block.state_root(), Some(attestation_head_block.slot()), )? .ok_or_else(|| { Error::MissingBeaconState(attestation_head_block.state_root()) })?; // Fastforward the state to the epoch in which the attestation was made. // NOTE: this looks like a potential DoS vector, we should probably limit // the amount we're willing to fastforward without a valid signature. for _ in state.slot.as_u64()..attestation_epoch.start_slot(slots_per_epoch).as_u64() { // Note: we provide the zero hash as the state root because the state root is // irrelevant to attestation processing and therefore a waste of time to // compute. per_slot_processing(&mut state, Some(Hash256::zero()), &self.spec)?; } state }; state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Current, &self.spec)?; // Reject any attestation where the `state` loaded from `data.beacon_block_root` // has a higher slot than the attestation. // // Permitting this would allow for attesters to vote on _future_ slots. if state.slot > attestation.data.slot { Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::AttestsToFutureState { state: state.slot, attestation: attestation.data.slot, }) } else { self.process_attestation_for_state_and_block( attestation, &state, &attestation_head_block.message, ) } } else { // Drop any attestation where we have not processed `attestation.data.beacon_block_root`. // // This is likely overly restrictive, we could store the attestation for later // processing. let head_epoch = self.head_info()?.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); let attestation_epoch = attestation.data.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); // Only log a warning if our head is in a reasonable place to verify this attestation. // This avoids excess logging during syncing. if head_epoch + 1 >= attestation_epoch { trace!( self.log, "Dropped attestation for unknown block"; "block" => format!("{}", attestation.data.beacon_block_root) ); } else { trace!( self.log, "Dropped attestation for unknown block"; "block" => format!("{}", attestation.data.beacon_block_root) ); } Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::UnknownHeadBlock { beacon_block_root: attestation.data.beacon_block_root, }) }; metrics::stop_timer(timer); if let Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::Processed) = &result { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_SUCCESSES); } result } /// Verifies the `attestation` against the `state` to which it is attesting. /// /// Updates fork choice with any new latest messages, but _does not_ find or update the head. /// /// ## Notes /// /// The given `state` must fulfil one of the following conditions: /// /// - `state` corresponds to the `block.state_root` identified by /// `attestation.data.beacon_block_root`. (Viz., `attestation` was created using `state`). /// - `state.slot` is in the same epoch as `data.target.epoch` and /// `attestation.data.beacon_block_root` is in the history of `state`. /// /// Additionally, `attestation.data.beacon_block_root` **must** be available to read in /// `self.store` _and_ be the root of the given `block`. /// /// If the given conditions are not fulfilled, the function may error or provide a false /// negative (indicating that a given `attestation` is invalid when it is was validly formed). fn process_attestation_for_state_and_block( &self, attestation: Attestation, state: &BeaconState, block: &BeaconBlock, ) -> Result { // Find the highest between: // // - The highest valid finalized epoch we've ever seen (i.e., the head). // - The finalized epoch that this attestation was created against. let finalized_epoch = std::cmp::max( self.head_info()?.finalized_checkpoint.epoch, state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch, ); // A helper function to allow attestation processing to be metered. let verify_attestation_for_state = |state, attestation, spec, verify_signatures| { let timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_CORE); let result = verify_attestation_for_state(state, attestation, spec, verify_signatures); metrics::stop_timer(timer); result }; if block.slot > 0 && block.slot <= finalized_epoch.start_slot(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()) { // Ignore any attestation where the slot of `data.beacon_block_root` is equal to or // prior to the finalized epoch. // // For any valid attestation if the `beacon_block_root` is prior to finalization, then // all other parameters (source, target, etc) must all be prior to finalization and // therefore no longer interesting. // // We allow the case where the block is the genesis block. Without this, all // attestations prior to the first block being produced would be invalid. Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::FinalizedSlot { attestation: block.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()), finalized: finalized_epoch, }) } else if let Err(e) = verify_attestation_for_state(state, &attestation, VerifySignatures::True, &self.spec) { warn!( self.log, "Invalid attestation"; "state_epoch" => state.current_epoch(), "error" => format!("{:?}", e), ); Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::Invalid(e)) } else { // If the attestation is from the current or previous epoch, supply it to the fork // choice. This is FMD GHOST. let current_epoch = self.epoch()?; if attestation.data.target.epoch == current_epoch || attestation.data.target.epoch == current_epoch - 1 { // Provide the attestation to fork choice, updating the validator latest messages but // _without_ finding and updating the head. if let Err(e) = self.fork_choice.process_attestation(&state, &attestation) { error!( self.log, "Add attestation to fork choice failed"; "beacon_block_root" => format!("{}", attestation.data.beacon_block_root), "error" => format!("{:?}", e) ); return Err(e.into()); } } // Provide the valid attestation to op pool, which may choose to retain the // attestation for inclusion in a future block. if self.eth1_chain.is_some() { self.op_pool .insert_attestation(attestation, state, &self.spec)?; }; // Update the metrics. metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::ATTESTATION_PROCESSING_SUCCESSES); Ok(AttestationProcessingOutcome::Processed) } } /// Accept some exit and queue it for inclusion in an appropriate block. pub fn process_voluntary_exit( &self, exit: SignedVoluntaryExit, ) -> Result<(), ExitValidationError> { match self.wall_clock_state() { Ok(state) => { if self.eth1_chain.is_some() { self.op_pool.insert_voluntary_exit(exit, &state, &self.spec) } else { Ok(()) } } Err(e) => { error!( &self.log, "Unable to process voluntary exit"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e), "reason" => "no state" ); Ok(()) } } } /// Accept some proposer slashing and queue it for inclusion in an appropriate block. pub fn process_proposer_slashing( &self, proposer_slashing: ProposerSlashing, ) -> Result<(), ProposerSlashingValidationError> { match self.wall_clock_state() { Ok(state) => { if self.eth1_chain.is_some() { self.op_pool .insert_proposer_slashing(proposer_slashing, &state, &self.spec) } else { Ok(()) } } Err(e) => { error!( &self.log, "Unable to process proposer slashing"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e), "reason" => "no state" ); Ok(()) } } } /// Accept some attester slashing and queue it for inclusion in an appropriate block. pub fn process_attester_slashing( &self, attester_slashing: AttesterSlashing, ) -> Result<(), AttesterSlashingValidationError> { match self.wall_clock_state() { Ok(state) => { if self.eth1_chain.is_some() { self.op_pool .insert_attester_slashing(attester_slashing, &state, &self.spec) } else { Ok(()) } } Err(e) => { error!( &self.log, "Unable to process attester slashing"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e), "reason" => "no state" ); Ok(()) } } } /// Accept some block and attempt to add it to block DAG. /// /// Will accept blocks from prior slots, however it will reject any block from a future slot. pub fn process_block( &self, block: SignedBeaconBlock, ) -> Result { let outcome = self.process_block_internal(block.clone()); match &outcome { Ok(outcome) => match outcome { BlockProcessingOutcome::Processed { block_root } => { trace!( self.log, "Beacon block imported"; "block_root" => format!("{:?}", block_root), "block_slot" => format!("{:?}", block.slot().as_u64()), ); let _ = self.event_handler.register(EventKind::BeaconBlockImported { block_root: *block_root, block: Box::new(block), }); } other => { trace!( self.log, "Beacon block rejected"; "reason" => format!("{:?}", other), ); let _ = self.event_handler.register(EventKind::BeaconBlockRejected { reason: format!("Invalid block: {:?}", other), block: Box::new(block), }); } }, Err(e) => { error!( self.log, "Beacon block processing error"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e), ); let _ = self.event_handler.register(EventKind::BeaconBlockRejected { reason: format!("Internal error: {:?}", e), block: Box::new(block), }); } } outcome } /// Accept some block and attempt to add it to block DAG. /// /// Will accept blocks from prior slots, however it will reject any block from a future slot. fn process_block_internal( &self, signed_block: SignedBeaconBlock, ) -> Result { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_REQUESTS); let full_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_TIMES); let block = &signed_block.message; let finalized_slot = self .head_info()? .finalized_checkpoint .epoch .start_slot(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); if block.slot == 0 { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::GenesisBlock); } if block.slot >= MAXIMUM_BLOCK_SLOT_NUMBER { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::BlockSlotLimitReached); } if block.slot <= finalized_slot { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::WouldRevertFinalizedSlot { block_slot: block.slot, finalized_slot, }); } // Reject any block if its parent is not known to fork choice. // // A block that is not in fork choice is either: // // - Not yet imported: we should reject this block because we should only import a child // after its parent has been fully imported. // - Pre-finalized: if the parent block is _prior_ to finalization, we should ignore it // because it will revert finalization. Note that the finalized block is stored in fork // choice, so we will not reject any child of the finalized block (this is relevant during // genesis). if !self.fork_choice.contains_block(&block.parent_root) { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::ParentUnknown { parent: block.parent_root, reference_location: "fork_choice", }); } let block_root_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_BLOCK_ROOT); let block_root = block.canonical_root(); metrics::stop_timer(block_root_timer); if block_root == self.genesis_block_root { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::GenesisBlock); } let present_slot = self.slot()?; if block.slot > present_slot { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::FutureSlot { present_slot, block_slot: block.slot, }); } // Check if the block is already known. We know it is post-finalization, so it is // sufficient to check the fork choice. if self.fork_choice.contains_block(&block_root) { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::BlockIsAlreadyKnown); } // Records the time taken to load the block and state from the database during block // processing. let db_read_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_DB_READ); // Load the blocks parent block from the database, returning invalid if that block is not // found. let parent_block = match self.get_block(&block.parent_root)? { Some(block) => block, None => { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::ParentUnknown { parent: block.parent_root, reference_location: "database", }); } }; // Load the parent blocks state from the database, returning an error if it is not found. // It is an error because if we know the parent block we should also know the parent state. let parent_state_root = parent_block.state_root(); let parent_state = self .get_state(&parent_state_root, Some(parent_block.slot()))? .ok_or_else(|| { Error::DBInconsistent(format!("Missing state {:?}", parent_state_root)) })?; metrics::stop_timer(db_read_timer); write_block(&block, block_root, &self.log); let catchup_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_CATCHUP_STATE); // Keep a batch of any states that were "skipped" (block-less) in between the parent state // slot and the block slot. These will be stored in the database. let mut intermediate_states = StateBatch::new(); // Transition the parent state to the block slot. let mut state: BeaconState = parent_state; let distance = block.slot.as_u64().saturating_sub(state.slot.as_u64()); for i in 0..distance { let state_root = if i == 0 { parent_block.state_root() } else { // This is a new state we've reached, so stage it for storage in the DB. // Computing the state root here is time-equivalent to computing it during slot // processing, but we get early access to it. let state_root = state.update_tree_hash_cache()?; intermediate_states.add_state(state_root, &state)?; state_root }; per_slot_processing(&mut state, Some(state_root), &self.spec)?; } metrics::stop_timer(catchup_timer); let committee_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_COMMITTEE); state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Previous, &self.spec)?; state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Current, &self.spec)?; metrics::stop_timer(committee_timer); write_state( &format!("state_pre_block_{}", block_root), &state, &self.log, ); let core_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_CORE); // Apply the received block to its parent state (which has been transitioned into this // slot). match per_block_processing( &mut state, &signed_block, Some(block_root), BlockSignatureStrategy::VerifyBulk, &self.spec, ) { Err(BlockProcessingError::BeaconStateError(e)) => { return Err(Error::BeaconStateError(e)) } Err(e) => return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::PerBlockProcessingError(e)), _ => {} } metrics::stop_timer(core_timer); let state_root_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_STATE_ROOT); let state_root = state.update_tree_hash_cache()?; metrics::stop_timer(state_root_timer); write_state( &format!("state_post_block_{}", block_root), &state, &self.log, ); if block.state_root != state_root { return Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::StateRootMismatch { block: block.state_root, local: state_root, }); } let fork_choice_register_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_FORK_CHOICE_REGISTER); // Register the new block with the fork choice service. if let Err(e) = self .fork_choice .process_block(self, &state, &block, block_root) { error!( self.log, "Add block to fork choice failed"; "block_root" => format!("{}", block_root), "error" => format!("{:?}", e), ) } metrics::stop_timer(fork_choice_register_timer); self.head_tracker.register_block(block_root, &block); metrics::observe( &metrics::OPERATIONS_PER_BLOCK_ATTESTATION, block.body.attestations.len() as f64, ); let db_write_timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_DB_WRITE); // Store all the states between the parent block state and this block's slot before storing // the final state. intermediate_states.commit(&*self.store)?; // Store the block and state. // NOTE: we store the block *after* the state to guard against inconsistency in the event of // a crash, as states are usually looked up from blocks, not the other way around. A better // solution would be to use a database transaction (once our choice of database and API // settles down). // See: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/692 self.store.put_state(&state_root, state)?; self.store.put_block(&block_root, signed_block)?; metrics::stop_timer(db_write_timer); metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::BLOCK_PROCESSING_SUCCESSES); metrics::stop_timer(full_timer); Ok(BlockProcessingOutcome::Processed { block_root }) } /// Produce a new block at the given `slot`. /// /// The produced block will not be inherently valid, it must be signed by a block producer. /// Block signing is out of the scope of this function and should be done by a separate program. pub fn produce_block( &self, randao_reveal: Signature, slot: Slot, ) -> Result, BlockProductionError> { let state = self .state_at_slot(slot - 1, StateSkipConfig::WithStateRoots) .map_err(|_| BlockProductionError::UnableToProduceAtSlot(slot))?; self.produce_block_on_state(state, slot, randao_reveal) } /// Produce a block for some `slot` upon the given `state`. /// /// Typically the `self.produce_block()` function should be used, instead of calling this /// function directly. This function is useful for purposefully creating forks or blocks at /// non-current slots. /// /// The given state will be advanced to the given `produce_at_slot`, then a block will be /// produced at that slot height. pub fn produce_block_on_state( &self, mut state: BeaconState, produce_at_slot: Slot, randao_reveal: Signature, ) -> Result, BlockProductionError> { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::BLOCK_PRODUCTION_REQUESTS); let timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::BLOCK_PRODUCTION_TIMES); let eth1_chain = self .eth1_chain .as_ref() .ok_or_else(|| BlockProductionError::NoEth1ChainConnection)?; // If required, transition the new state to the present slot. // // Note: supplying some `state_root` when it it is known would be a cheap and easy // optimization. while state.slot < produce_at_slot { per_slot_processing(&mut state, None, &self.spec)?; } state.build_committee_cache(RelativeEpoch::Current, &self.spec)?; let parent_root = if state.slot > 0 { *state .get_block_root(state.slot - 1) .map_err(|_| BlockProductionError::UnableToGetBlockRootFromState)? } else { state.latest_block_header.canonical_root() }; let mut graffiti: [u8; 32] = [0; 32]; graffiti.copy_from_slice(GRAFFITI.as_bytes()); let (proposer_slashings, attester_slashings) = self.op_pool.get_slashings(&state, &self.spec); let eth1_data = eth1_chain.eth1_data_for_block_production(&state, &self.spec)?; let deposits = eth1_chain .deposits_for_block_inclusion(&state, ð1_data, &self.spec)? .into(); let mut block = SignedBeaconBlock { message: BeaconBlock { slot: state.slot, parent_root, state_root: Hash256::zero(), body: BeaconBlockBody { randao_reveal, eth1_data, graffiti, proposer_slashings: proposer_slashings.into(), attester_slashings: attester_slashings.into(), attestations: self .op_pool .get_attestations(&state, &self.spec) .map_err(BlockProductionError::OpPoolError)? .into(), deposits, voluntary_exits: self.op_pool.get_voluntary_exits(&state, &self.spec).into(), }, }, // The block is not signed here, that is the task of a validator client. signature: Signature::empty_signature(), }; per_block_processing( &mut state, &block, None, BlockSignatureStrategy::NoVerification, &self.spec, )?; let state_root = state.update_tree_hash_cache()?; block.message.state_root = state_root; metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::BLOCK_PRODUCTION_SUCCESSES); metrics::stop_timer(timer); trace!( self.log, "Produced beacon block"; "parent" => format!("{}", block.message.parent_root), "attestations" => block.message.body.attestations.len(), "slot" => block.message.slot ); Ok((block.message, state)) } /// Execute the fork choice algorithm and enthrone the result as the canonical head. pub fn fork_choice(&self) -> Result<(), Error> { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_REQUESTS); // Start fork choice metrics timer. let timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_TIMES); // Determine the root of the block that is the head of the chain. let beacon_block_root = self.fork_choice.find_head(&self)?; // If a new head was chosen. let result = if beacon_block_root != self.head_info()?.block_root { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_CHANGED_HEAD); let beacon_block = self .get_block(&beacon_block_root)? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconBlock(beacon_block_root))?; let beacon_state_root = beacon_block.state_root(); let beacon_state: BeaconState = self .get_state(&beacon_state_root, Some(beacon_block.slot()))? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconState(beacon_state_root))?; let previous_slot = self.head_info()?.slot; let new_slot = beacon_block.slot(); // Note: this will declare a re-org if we skip `SLOTS_PER_HISTORICAL_ROOT` blocks // between calls to fork choice without swapping between chains. This seems like an // extreme-enough scenario that a warning is fine. let is_reorg = self.head_info()?.block_root != beacon_state .get_block_root(self.head_info()?.slot) .map(|root| *root) .unwrap_or_else(|_| Hash256::random()); // If we switched to a new chain (instead of building atop the present chain). if is_reorg { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_REORG_COUNT); warn!( self.log, "Beacon chain re-org"; "previous_head" => format!("{}", self.head_info()?.block_root), "previous_slot" => previous_slot, "new_head_parent" => format!("{}", beacon_block.parent_root()), "new_head" => format!("{}", beacon_block_root), "new_slot" => new_slot ); } else { debug!( self.log, "Head beacon block"; "justified_root" => format!("{}", beacon_state.current_justified_checkpoint.root), "justified_epoch" => beacon_state.current_justified_checkpoint.epoch, "finalized_root" => format!("{}", beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint.root), "finalized_epoch" => beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch, "root" => format!("{}", beacon_block_root), "slot" => new_slot, ); }; let old_finalized_epoch = self.head_info()?.finalized_checkpoint.epoch; let new_finalized_epoch = beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint.epoch; let finalized_root = beacon_state.finalized_checkpoint.root; // Never revert back past a finalized epoch. if new_finalized_epoch < old_finalized_epoch { Err(Error::RevertedFinalizedEpoch { previous_epoch: old_finalized_epoch, new_epoch: new_finalized_epoch, }) } else { let previous_head_beacon_block_root = self .canonical_head .try_read_for(HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT) .ok_or_else(|| Error::CanonicalHeadLockTimeout)? .beacon_block_root; let current_head_beacon_block_root = beacon_block_root; let mut new_head = CheckPoint { beacon_block, beacon_block_root, beacon_state, beacon_state_root, }; new_head.beacon_state.build_all_caches(&self.spec)?; let timer = metrics::start_timer(&metrics::UPDATE_HEAD_TIMES); // Update the checkpoint that stores the head of the chain at the time it received the // block. *self .canonical_head .try_write_for(HEAD_LOCK_TIMEOUT) .ok_or_else(|| Error::CanonicalHeadLockTimeout)? = new_head; metrics::stop_timer(timer); // Save `self` to `self.store`. self.persist()?; let _ = self.event_handler.register(EventKind::BeaconHeadChanged { reorg: is_reorg, previous_head_beacon_block_root, current_head_beacon_block_root, }); if new_finalized_epoch != old_finalized_epoch { self.after_finalization(old_finalized_epoch, finalized_root)?; } Ok(()) } } else { Ok(()) }; // End fork choice metrics timer. metrics::stop_timer(timer); if result.is_err() { metrics::inc_counter(&metrics::FORK_CHOICE_ERRORS); } result } /// Called after `self` has had a new block finalized. /// /// Performs pruning and finality-based optimizations. fn after_finalization( &self, old_finalized_epoch: Epoch, finalized_block_root: Hash256, ) -> Result<(), Error> { let finalized_block = self .store .get_block(&finalized_block_root)? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconBlock(finalized_block_root))? .message; let new_finalized_epoch = finalized_block.slot.epoch(T::EthSpec::slots_per_epoch()); if new_finalized_epoch < old_finalized_epoch { Err(Error::RevertedFinalizedEpoch { previous_epoch: old_finalized_epoch, new_epoch: new_finalized_epoch, }) } else { self.fork_choice.prune()?; let finalized_state = self .get_state_caching_only_with_committee_caches( &finalized_block.state_root, Some(finalized_block.slot), )? .ok_or_else(|| Error::MissingBeaconState(finalized_block.state_root))?; self.op_pool.prune_all(&finalized_state, &self.spec); // TODO: configurable max finality distance let max_finality_distance = 0; self.store_migrator.freeze_to_state( finalized_block.state_root, finalized_state, max_finality_distance, ); let _ = self.event_handler.register(EventKind::BeaconFinalization { epoch: new_finalized_epoch, root: finalized_block_root, }); Ok(()) } } /// Returns `true` if the given block root has not been processed. pub fn is_new_block_root(&self, beacon_block_root: &Hash256) -> Result { Ok(!self .store .exists::>(beacon_block_root)?) } /// Dumps the entire canonical chain, from the head to genesis to a vector for analysis. /// /// This could be a very expensive operation and should only be done in testing/analysis /// activities. pub fn chain_dump(&self) -> Result>, Error> { let mut dump = vec![]; let mut last_slot = CheckPoint { beacon_block: self.head()?.beacon_block, beacon_block_root: self.head()?.beacon_block_root, beacon_state: self.head()?.beacon_state, beacon_state_root: self.head()?.beacon_state_root, }; dump.push(last_slot.clone()); loop { let beacon_block_root = last_slot.beacon_block.parent_root(); if beacon_block_root == Hash256::zero() { break; // Genesis has been reached. } let beacon_block = self.store.get_block(&beacon_block_root)?.ok_or_else(|| { Error::DBInconsistent(format!("Missing block {}", beacon_block_root)) })?; let beacon_state_root = beacon_block.state_root(); let beacon_state = self .store .get_state(&beacon_state_root, Some(beacon_block.slot()))? .ok_or_else(|| { Error::DBInconsistent(format!("Missing state {:?}", beacon_state_root)) })?; let slot = CheckPoint { beacon_block, beacon_block_root, beacon_state, beacon_state_root, }; dump.push(slot.clone()); last_slot = slot; } dump.reverse(); Ok(dump) } } impl Drop for BeaconChain { fn drop(&mut self) { if let Err(e) = self.persist() { error!( self.log, "Failed to persist BeaconChain on drop"; "error" => format!("{:?}", e) ) } else { info!( self.log, "Saved beacon chain state"; ) } } } fn write_state(prefix: &str, state: &BeaconState, log: &Logger) { if WRITE_BLOCK_PROCESSING_SSZ { let root = state.tree_hash_root(); let filename = format!("{}_slot_{}_root_{}.ssz", prefix, state.slot, root); let mut path = std::env::temp_dir().join("lighthouse"); let _ = fs::create_dir_all(path.clone()); path = path.join(filename); match fs::File::create(path.clone()) { Ok(mut file) => { let _ = file.write_all(&state.as_ssz_bytes()); } Err(e) => error!( log, "Failed to log state"; "path" => format!("{:?}", path), "error" => format!("{:?}", e) ), } } } fn write_block(block: &BeaconBlock, root: Hash256, log: &Logger) { if WRITE_BLOCK_PROCESSING_SSZ { let filename = format!("block_slot_{}_root{}.ssz", block.slot, root); let mut path = std::env::temp_dir().join("lighthouse"); let _ = fs::create_dir_all(path.clone()); path = path.join(filename); match fs::File::create(path.clone()) { Ok(mut file) => { let _ = file.write_all(&block.as_ssz_bytes()); } Err(e) => error!( log, "Failed to log block"; "path" => format!("{:?}", path), "error" => format!("{:?}", e) ), } } } impl From for Error { fn from(e: DBError) -> Error { Error::DBError(e) } } impl From for Error { fn from(e: ForkChoiceError) -> Error { Error::ForkChoiceError(e) } } impl From for Error { fn from(e: BeaconStateError) -> Error { Error::BeaconStateError(e) } }