## Issue Addressed
Add a flag that can increase count unrealized strictness, defaults to false
## Proposed Changes
Please list or describe the changes introduced by this PR.
## Additional Info
Please provide any additional information. For example, future considerations
or information useful for reviewers.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: sean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds more `debug` logging to help troubleshoot invalid execution payload blocks. I was doing some of this recently and found it to be challenging.
With this PR we should be able to grep `Invalid execution payload` and get one-liners that will show the block, slot and details about the proposer.
I also changed the log in `process_invalid_execution_payload` since it was a little misleading; the `block_root` wasn't necessary the block which had an invalid payload.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR is motivated by a recent consensus failure in Geth where it returned `INVALID` for an `VALID` block. Without this PR, the only way to recover is by re-syncing Lighthouse. Whilst ELs "shouldn't have consensus failures", in reality it's something that we can expect from time to time due to the complex nature of Ethereum. Being able to recover easily will help the network recover and EL devs to troubleshoot.
The risk introduced with this PR is that genuinely INVALID payloads get a "second chance" at being imported. I believe the DoS risk here is negligible since LH needs to be restarted in order to re-process the payload. Furthermore, there's no reason to think that a well-performing EL will accept a truly invalid payload the second-time-around.
## Additional Info
This implementation has the following intricacies:
1. Instead of just resetting *invalid* payloads to optimistic, we'll also reset *valid* payloads. This is an artifact of our existing implementation.
1. We will only reset payload statuses when we detect an invalid payload present in `proto_array`
- This helps save us from forgetting that all our blocks are valid in the "best case scenario" where there are no invalid blocks.
1. If we fail to revert the payload statuses we'll log a `CRIT` and just continue with a `proto_array` that *does not* have reverted payload statuses.
- The code to revert statuses needs to deal with balances and proposer-boost, so it's a failure point. This is a defensive measure to avoid introducing new show-stopping bugs to LH.
## Proposed Changes
This PR has two aims: to speed up attestation packing in the op pool, and to fix bugs in the verification of attester slashings, proposer slashings and voluntary exits. The changes are bundled into a single database schema upgrade (v12).
Attestation packing is sped up by removing several inefficiencies:
- No more recalculation of `attesting_indices` during packing.
- No (unnecessary) examination of the `ParticipationFlags`: a bitfield suffices. See `RewardCache`.
- No re-checking of attestation validity during packing: the `AttestationMap` provides attestations which are "correct by construction" (I have checked this using Hydra).
- No SSZ re-serialization for the clunky `AttestationId` type (it can be removed in a future release).
So far the speed-up seems to be roughly 2-10x, from 500ms down to 50-100ms.
Verification of attester slashings, proposer slashings and voluntary exits is fixed by:
- Tracking the `ForkVersion`s that were used to verify each message inside the `SigVerifiedOp`. This allows us to quickly re-verify that they match the head state's opinion of what the `ForkVersion` should be at the epoch(s) relevant to the message.
- Storing the `SigVerifiedOp` on disk rather than the raw operation. This allows us to continue track the fork versions after a reboot.
This is mostly contained in this commit 52bb1840ae5c4356a8fc3a51e5df23ed65ed2c7f.
## Additional Info
The schema upgrade uses the justified state to re-verify attestations and compute `attesting_indices` for them. It will drop any attestations that fail to verify, by the logic that attestations are most valuable in the few slots after they're observed, and are probably stale and useless by the time a node restarts. Exits and proposer slashings and similarly re-verified to obtain `SigVerifiedOp`s.
This PR contains a runtime killswitch `--paranoid-block-proposal` which opts out of all the optimisations in favour of closely verifying every included message. Although I'm quite sure that the optimisations are correct this flag could be useful in the event of an unforeseen emergency.
Finally, you might notice that the `RewardCache` appears quite useless in its current form because it is only updated on the hot-path immediately before proposal. My hope is that in future we can shift calls to `RewardCache::update` into the background, e.g. while performing the state advance. It is also forward-looking to `tree-states` compatibility, where iterating and indexing `state.{previous,current}_epoch_participation` is expensive and needs to be minimised.
## Issue Addressed
#3032
## Proposed Changes
Pause sync when ee is offline. Changes include three main parts:
- Online/offline notification system
- Pause sync
- Resume sync
#### Online/offline notification system
- The engine state is now guarded behind a new struct `State` that ensures every change is correctly notified. Notifications are only sent if the state changes. The new `State` is behind a `RwLock` (as before) as the synchronization mechanism.
- The actual notification channel is a [tokio::sync::watch](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/watch/index.html) which ensures only the last value is in the receiver channel. This way we don't need to worry about message order etc.
- Sync waits for state changes concurrently with normal messages.
#### Pause Sync
Sync has four components, pausing is done differently in each:
- **Block lookups**: Disabled while in this state. We drop current requests and don't search for new blocks. Block lookups are infrequent and I don't think it's worth the extra logic of keeping these and delaying processing. If we later see that this is required, we can add it.
- **Parent lookups**: Disabled while in this state. We drop current requests and don't search for new parents. Parent lookups are even less frequent and I don't think it's worth the extra logic of keeping these and delaying processing. If we later see that this is required, we can add it.
- **Range**: Chains don't send batches for processing to the beacon processor. This is easily done by guarding the channel to the beacon processor and giving it access only if the ee is responsive. I find this the simplest and most powerful approach since we don't need to deal with new sync states and chain segments that are added while the ee is offline will follow the same logic without needing to synchronize a shared state among those. Another advantage of passive pause vs active pause is that we can still keep track of active advertised chain segments so that on resume we don't need to re-evaluate all our peers.
- **Backfill**: Not affected by ee states, we don't pause.
#### Resume Sync
- **Block lookups**: Enabled again.
- **Parent lookups**: Enabled again.
- **Range**: Active resume. Since the only real pause range does is not sending batches for processing, resume makes all chains that are holding read-for-processing batches send them.
- **Backfill**: Not affected by ee states, no need to resume.
## Additional Info
**QUESTION**: Originally I made this to notify and change on synced state, but @pawanjay176 on talks with @paulhauner concluded we only need to check online/offline states. The upcheck function mentions extra checks to have a very up to date sync status to aid the networking stack. However, the only need the networking stack would have is this one. I added a TODO to review if the extra check can be removed
Next gen of #3094
Will work best with #3439
Co-authored-by: Pawan Dhananjay <pawandhananjay@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Run fork choice when the head is 256 slots from the wall-clock slot, rather than 4.
The reason we don't *always* run FC is so that it doesn't slow us down during sync. As the comments state, setting the value to 256 means that we'd only have one interrupting fork-choice call if we were syncing at 20 slots/sec.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds some metrics so we can track payload status responses from the EE. I think this will be useful for troubleshooting and alerting.
I also bumped the `BecaonChain::per_slot_task` to `debug` since it doesn't seem too noisy and would have helped us with some things we were debugging in the past.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/2962
## Proposed Changes
Build all caches on the checkpoint state before storing it in the database.
Additionally, fix a bug in `signature_verify_chain_segment` which prevented block verification from succeeding unless the previous epoch cache was already built. The previous epoch cache is required to verify the signatures of attestations included from previous epochs, even when all the blocks in the segment are from the same epoch.
The comments around `signature_verify_chain_segment` have also been updated to reflect the fact that it should only be used on a chain of blocks from a single epoch. I believe this restriction had already been added at some point in the past and that the current comments were just outdated (and I think because the proposer shuffling can change in the next epoch based on the blocks applied in the current epoch that this limitation is essential).
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Start issuing merge-readiness logs 2 weeks before the Bellatrix fork epoch. Additionally, if the Bellatrix epoch is specified and the use has configured an EL, always log merge readiness logs, this should benefit pro-active users.
### Lookahead Reasoning
- Bellatrix fork is:
- epoch 144896
- slot 4636672
- Unix timestamp: `1606824023 + (4636672 * 12) = 1662464087`
- GMT: Tue Sep 06 2022 11:34:47 GMT+0000
- Warning start time is:
- Unix timestamp: `1662464087 - 604800 * 2 = 1661254487`
- GMT: Tue Aug 23 2022 11:34:47 GMT+0000
The [current expectation](https://discord.com/channels/595666850260713488/745077610685661265/1007445305198911569) is that EL and CL clients will releases out by Aug 22nd at the latest, then an EF announcement will go out on the 23rd. If all goes well, LH will start alerting users about merge-readiness just after the announcement.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3388Resolves#2638
## Proposed Changes
- Return the `BellatrixPreset` on `/eth/v1/config/spec` by default.
- Allow users to opt out of this by providing `--http-spec-fork=altair` (unless there's a Bellatrix fork epoch set).
- Add the Altair constants from #2638 and make serving the constants non-optional (the `http-disable-legacy-spec` flag is deprecated).
- Modify the VC to only read the `Config` and not to log extra fields. This prevents it from having to muck around parsing the `ConfigAndPreset` fields it doesn't need.
## Additional Info
This change is backwards-compatible for the VC and the BN, but is marked as a breaking change for the removal of `--http-disable-legacy-spec`.
I tried making `Config` a `superstruct` too, but getting the automatic decoding to work was a huge pain and was going to require a lot of hacks, so I gave up in favour of keeping the default-based approach we have now.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3379
## Proposed Changes
Remove instances of `InvalidTerminalBlock` in lighthouse and use
`Invalid {latest_valid_hash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"}`
to represent that status.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3394
Adds a check in `is_healthy` about whether the head is optimistic when choosing whether to use the builder network.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Modifies `lcli skip-slots` and `lcli transition-blocks` allow them to source blocks/states from a beaconAPI and also gives them some more features to assist with benchmarking.
## Additional Info
Breaks the current `lcli skip-slots` and `lcli transition-blocks` APIs by changing some flag names. It should be simple enough to figure out the changes via `--help`.
Currently blocked on #3263.
## Proposed Changes
Update the invalid head tests so that they work with the current default fork choice configuration.
Thanks @realbigsean for fixing the persistence test and the EF tests.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
There was a regression in #3244 (released in v2.4.0) which stopped pruning fork choice (see [here](https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3244#discussion_r935187485)).
This would form a very slow memory leak, using ~100mb per month. The release has been out for ~11 days, so users should not be seeing a dangerous increase in memory, *yet*.
Credits to @michaelsproul for noticing this 🎉
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR will make Lighthouse return blocks with invalid payloads via the API with `execution_optimistic = true`. This seems a bit awkward, however I think it's better than returning a 404 or some other error.
Let's consider the case where the only possible head is invalid (#3370 deals with this). In such a scenario all of the duties endpoints will start failing because the head is invalid. I think it would be better if the duties endpoints continue to work, because it's likely that even though the head is invalid the duties are still based upon valid blocks and we want the VC to have them cached. There's no risk to the VC here because we won't actually produce an attestation pointing to an invalid head.
Ultimately, I don't think it's particularly important for us to distinguish between optimistic and invalid blocks on the API. Neither should be trusted and the only *real* reason that we track this is so we can try and fork around the invalid blocks.
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #3370~~
## Issue Addressed
https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3091
Extends https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3062, adding pre-bellatrix block support on blinded endpoints and allowing the normal proposal flow (local payload construction) on blinded endpoints. This resulted in better fallback logic because the VC will not have to switch endpoints on failure in the BN <> Builder API, the BN can just fallback immediately and without repeating block processing that it shouldn't need to. We can also keep VC fallback from the VC<>BN API's blinded endpoint to full endpoint.
## Proposed Changes
- Pre-bellatrix blocks on blinded endpoints
- Add a new `PayloadCache` to the execution layer
- Better fallback-from-builder logic
## Todos
- [x] Remove VC transition logic
- [x] Add logic to only enable builder flow after Merge transition finalization
- [x] Tests
- [x] Fix metrics
- [x] Rustdocs
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
There are scenarios where the only viable head will have an invalid execution payload, in this scenario the `get_head` function on `proto_array` will return an error. We must recover from this scenario by importing blocks from the network.
This PR stops `BeaconChain::recompute_head` from returning an error so that we can't accidentally start down-scoring peers or aborting block import just because the current head has an invalid payload.
## Reviewer Notes
The following changes are included:
1. Allow `fork_choice.get_head` to fail gracefully in `BeaconChain::process_block` when trying to update the `early_attester_cache`; simply don't add the block to the cache rather than aborting the entire process.
1. Don't return an error from `BeaconChain::recompute_head_at_current_slot` and `BeaconChain::recompute_head` to defensively prevent calling functions from aborting any process just because the fork choice function failed to run.
- This should have practically no effect, since most callers were still continuing if recomputing the head failed.
- The outlier is that the API will return 200 rather than a 500 when fork choice fails.
1. Add the `ProtoArrayForkChoice::set_all_blocks_to_optimistic` function to recover from the scenario where we've rebooted and the persisted fork choice has an invalid head.
## Issue Addressed
Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3241
Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3242
## Proposed Changes
* [x] Implement logic to remove equivocating validators from fork choice per https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2845
* [x] Update tests to v1.2.0-rc.1. The new test which exercises `equivocating_indices` is passing.
* [x] Pull in some SSZ abstractions from the `tree-states` branch that make implementing Vec-compatible encoding for types like `BTreeSet` and `BTreeMap`.
* [x] Implement schema upgrades and downgrades for the database (new schema version is V11).
* [x] Apply attester slashings from blocks to fork choice
## Additional Info
* This PR doesn't need the `BTreeMap` impl, but `tree-states` does, and I don't think there's any harm in keeping it. But I could also be convinced to drop it.
Blocked on #3322.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3151
## Proposed Changes
When fetching duties for sync committee contributions, check the value of `execution_optimistic` of the head block from the BN and refuse to sign any sync committee messages `if execution_optimistic == true`.
## Additional Info
- Is backwards compatible with older BNs
- Finding a way to add test coverage for this would be prudent. Open to suggestions.
## Issue Addressed
Add a flag that optionally enables unrealized vote tracking. Would like to test out on testnets and benchmark differences in methods of vote tracking. This PR includes a DB schema upgrade to enable to new vote tracking style.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: sean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
## Issue Addressed
#3031
## Proposed Changes
Updates the following API endpoints to conform with https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/190 and https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/196
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/root`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/fork`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/finality_checkpoints`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/validators`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/validators/{validator_id}`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/validator_balances`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/committees`
- [x] `beacon/states/{state_id}/sync_committees`
- [x] `beacon/headers`
- [x] `beacon/headers/{block_id}`
- [x] `beacon/blocks/{block_id}`
- [x] `beacon/blocks/{block_id}/root`
- [x] `beacon/blocks/{block_id}/attestations`
- [x] `debug/beacon/states/{state_id}`
- [x] `debug/beacon/heads`
- [x] `validator/duties/attester/{epoch}`
- [x] `validator/duties/proposer/{epoch}`
- [x] `validator/duties/sync/{epoch}`
Updates the following Server-Sent Events:
- [x] `events?topics=head`
- [x] `events?topics=block`
- [x] `events?topics=finalized_checkpoint`
- [x] `events?topics=chain_reorg`
## Backwards Incompatible
There is a very minor breaking change with the way the API now handles requests to `beacon/blocks/{block_id}/root` and `beacon/states/{state_id}/root` when `block_id` or `state_id` is the `Root` variant of `BlockId` and `StateId` respectively.
Previously a request to a non-existent root would simply echo the root back to the requester:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/states/0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/root"
{"data":{"root":"0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"}}
```
Now it will return a `404`:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa/root"
{"code":404,"message":"NOT_FOUND: beacon block with root 0xaaaa…aaaa","stacktraces":[]}
```
In addition to this is the block root `0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000` previously would return the genesis block. It will now return a `404`:
```
curl "http://localhost:5052/eth/v1/beacon/blocks/0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
{"code":404,"message":"NOT_FOUND: beacon block with root 0x0000…0000","stacktraces":[]}
```
## Additional Info
- `execution_optimistic` is always set, and will return `false` pre-Bellatrix. I am also open to the idea of doing something like `#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]`.
- The value of `execution_optimistic` is set to `false` where possible. Any computation that is reliant on the `head` will simply use the `ExecutionStatus` of the head (unless the head block is pre-Bellatrix).
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3189.
## Proposed Changes
- Always supply the justified block hash as the `safe_block_hash` when calling `forkchoiceUpdated` on the execution engine.
- Refactor the `get_payload` routine to use the new `ForkchoiceUpdateParameters` struct rather than just the `finalized_block_hash`. I think this is a nice simplification and that the old way of computing the `finalized_block_hash` was unnecessary, but if anyone sees reason to keep that approach LMK.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3249
## Proposed Changes
Log merge related parameters and EE status in the beacon notifier before the merge.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
* #3344
## Proposed Changes
There are a number of cases during block processing where we might get an `ExecutionPayloadError` but we shouldn't penalize peers. We were forgetting to enumerate all of the non-penalizing errors in every single match statement where we are making that decision. I created a function to make it explicit when we should and should not penalize peers and I used that function in all places where this logic is needed. This way we won't make the same mistake if we add another variant of `ExecutionPayloadError` in the future.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3316
## Proposed Changes
This PR fixes an issue where lighthouse created a transition block with `block.execution_payload().timestamp == terminal_block.timestamp` if the terminal block was created at the slot boundary.
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Make simulator merge compatible. Adds a `--post_merge` flag to the eth1 simulator that enables a ttd and simulates the merge transition. Uses the `MockServer` in the execution layer test utils to simulate a dummy execution node.
Adds the merge transition simulation to CI.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
After some discussion in Discord with @mkalinin it was raised that it was not the intention of the engine API to have CLs validate the `latest_valid_hash` (LVH) and all ancestors.
Whilst I believe the engine API is being updated such that the LVH *must* identify a valid hash or be set to some junk value, I'm not confident that we can rely upon the LVH as being valid (at least for now) due to the confusion surrounding it.
Being able to validate blocks via the LVH is a relatively minor optimisation; if the LVH value ends up becoming our head we'll send an fcU and get the VALID status there.
Falsely marking a block as valid has serious consequences and since it's a minor optimisation to use LVH I think that we don't take the risk.
For clarity, we will still *invalidate* the *descendants* of the LVH, we just wont *validate* the *ancestors*.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#3176
## Proposed Changes
Continues from PRs by @divagant-martian to gradually remove EL redundancy (see #3284, #3257).
This PR achieves:
- Removes the `broadcast` and `first_success` methods. The functional impact is that every request to the EE will always be tried immediately, regardless of the cached `EngineState` (this resolves#3176). Previously we would check the engine state before issuing requests, this doesn't make sense in a single-EE world; there's only one EE so we might as well try it for every request.
- Runs the upcheck/watchdog routine once per slot rather than thrice. When we had multiple EEs frequent polling was useful to try and detect when the primary EE had come back online and we could switch to it. That's not as relevant now.
- Always creates logs in the `Engines::upcheck` function. Previously we would mute some logs since they could get really noisy when one EE was down but others were functioning fine. Now we only have one EE and are upcheck-ing it less, it makes sense to always produce logs.
This PR purposefully does not achieve:
- Updating all occurances of "engines" to "engine". I'm trying to keep the diff small and manageable. We can come back for this.
## Additional Info
NA
## Overview
This rather extensive PR achieves two primary goals:
1. Uses the finalized/justified checkpoints of fork choice (FC), rather than that of the head state.
2. Refactors fork choice, block production and block processing to `async` functions.
Additionally, it achieves:
- Concurrent forkchoice updates to the EL and cache pruning after a new head is selected.
- Concurrent "block packing" (attestations, etc) and execution payload retrieval during block production.
- Concurrent per-block-processing and execution payload verification during block processing.
- The `Arc`-ification of `SignedBeaconBlock` during block processing (it's never mutated, so why not?):
- I had to do this to deal with sending blocks into spawned tasks.
- Previously we were cloning the beacon block at least 2 times during each block processing, these clones are either removed or turned into cheaper `Arc` clones.
- We were also `Box`-ing and un-`Box`-ing beacon blocks as they moved throughout the networking crate. This is not a big deal, but it's nice to avoid shifting things between the stack and heap.
- Avoids cloning *all the blocks* in *every chain segment* during sync.
- It also has the potential to clean up our code where we need to pass an *owned* block around so we can send it back in the case of an error (I didn't do much of this, my PR is already big enough 😅)
- The `BeaconChain::HeadSafetyStatus` struct was removed. It was an old relic from prior merge specs.
For motivation for this change, see https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3244#issuecomment-1160963273
## Changes to `canonical_head` and `fork_choice`
Previously, the `BeaconChain` had two separate fields:
```
canonical_head: RwLock<Snapshot>,
fork_choice: RwLock<BeaconForkChoice>
```
Now, we have grouped these values under a single struct:
```
canonical_head: CanonicalHead {
cached_head: RwLock<Arc<Snapshot>>,
fork_choice: RwLock<BeaconForkChoice>
}
```
Apart from ergonomics, the only *actual* change here is wrapping the canonical head snapshot in an `Arc`. This means that we no longer need to hold the `cached_head` (`canonical_head`, in old terms) lock when we want to pull some values from it. This was done to avoid deadlock risks by preventing functions from acquiring (and holding) the `cached_head` and `fork_choice` locks simultaneously.
## Breaking Changes
### The `state` (root) field in the `finalized_checkpoint` SSE event
Consider the scenario where epoch `n` is just finalized, but `start_slot(n)` is skipped. There are two state roots we might in the `finalized_checkpoint` SSE event:
1. The state root of the finalized block, which is `get_block(finalized_checkpoint.root).state_root`.
4. The state root at slot of `start_slot(n)`, which would be the state from (1), but "skipped forward" through any skip slots.
Previously, Lighthouse would choose (2). However, we can see that when [Teku generates that event](de2b2801c8/data/beaconrestapi/src/main/java/tech/pegasys/teku/beaconrestapi/handlers/v1/events/EventSubscriptionManager.java (L171-L182)) it uses [`getStateRootFromBlockRoot`](de2b2801c8/data/provider/src/main/java/tech/pegasys/teku/api/ChainDataProvider.java (L336-L341)) which uses (1).
I have switched Lighthouse from (2) to (1). I think it's a somewhat arbitrary choice between the two, where (1) is easier to compute and is consistent with Teku.
## Notes for Reviewers
I've renamed `BeaconChain::fork_choice` to `BeaconChain::recompute_head`. Doing this helped ensure I broke all previous uses of fork choice and I also find it more descriptive. It describes an action and can't be confused with trying to get a reference to the `ForkChoice` struct.
I've changed the ordering of SSE events when a block is received. It used to be `[block, finalized, head]` and now it's `[block, head, finalized]`. It was easier this way and I don't think we were making any promises about SSE event ordering so it's not "breaking".
I've made it so fork choice will run when it's first constructed. I did this because I wanted to have a cached version of the last call to `get_head`. Ensuring `get_head` has been run *at least once* means that the cached values doesn't need to wrapped in an `Option`. This was fairly simple, it just involved passing a `slot` to the constructor so it knows *when* it's being run. When loading a fork choice from the store and a slot clock isn't handy I've just used the `slot` that was saved in the `fork_choice_store`. That seems like it would be a faithful representation of the slot when we saved it.
I added the `genesis_time: u64` to the `BeaconChain`. It's small, constant and nice to have around.
Since we're using FC for the fin/just checkpoints, we no longer get the `0x00..00` roots at genesis. You can see I had to remove a work-around in `ef-tests` here: b56be3bc2. I can't find any reason why this would be an issue, if anything I think it'll be better since the genesis-alias has caught us out a few times (0x00..00 isn't actually a real root). Edit: I did find a case where the `network` expected the 0x00..00 alias and patched it here: 3f26ac3e2.
You'll notice a lot of changes in tests. Generally, tests should be functionally equivalent. Here are the things creating the most diff-noise in tests:
- Changing tests to be `tokio::async` tests.
- Adding `.await` to fork choice, block processing and block production functions.
- Refactor of the `canonical_head` "API" provided by the `BeaconChain`. E.g., `chain.canonical_head.cached_head()` instead of `chain.canonical_head.read()`.
- Wrapping `SignedBeaconBlock` in an `Arc`.
- In the `beacon_chain/tests/block_verification`, we can't use the `lazy_static` `CHAIN_SEGMENT` variable anymore since it's generated with an async function. We just generate it in each test, not so efficient but hopefully insignificant.
I had to disable `rayon` concurrent tests in the `fork_choice` tests. This is because the use of `rayon` and `block_on` was causing a panic.
Co-authored-by: Mac L <mjladson@pm.me>
## Issue Addressed
This PR is a subset of the changes in #3134. Unstable will still not function correctly with the new builder spec once this is merged, #3134 should be used on testnets
## Proposed Changes
- Removes redundancy in "builders" (servers implementing the builder spec)
- Renames `payload-builder` flag to `builder`
- Moves from old builder RPC API to new HTTP API, but does not implement the validator registration API (implemented in https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3194)
Co-authored-by: sean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
Add a new HTTP endpoint `POST /lighthouse/analysis/block_rewards` which takes a vec of `BeaconBlock`s as input and outputs the `BlockReward`s for them.
Augment the `BlockReward` struct with the attestation data for attestations in the block, which simplifies access to this information from blockprint. Using attestation data I've been able to make blockprint up to 95% accurate across Prysm/Lighthouse/Teku/Nimbus. I hope to go even higher using a bunch of synthetic blocks produced for Prysm/Nimbus/Lodestar, which are underrepresented in the current training data.
## Issue Addressed
Closes https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/2944
## Proposed Changes
Remove snapshots from the cache during sync rather than cloning them. This reduces unnecessary cloning and memory fragmentation during sync.
## Additional Info
This PR relies on the fact that the `block_delay` cache is not populated for blocks from sync. Relying on block delay may have the side effect that a change in `block_delay` calculation could lead to: a) more clones, if block delays are added for syncing blocks or b) less clones, if blocks near the head are erroneously provided without a `block_delay`. Case (a) would be a regression to the current status quo, and (b) is low-risk given we know that the snapshot cache is current susceptible to misses (hence `tree-states`).
## Issue Addressed
#2820
## Proposed Changes
The problem is that validator_monitor_prev_epoch metrics are updated only if there is EpochSummary present in summaries map for the previous epoch and it is not the case for the offline validator. Ensure that EpochSummary is inserted into summaries map also for the offline validators.
## Issue Addressed
Fixes an issue that @paulhauner found with the v2.3.0 release candidate whereby the fork choice runs introduced by #3168 tripped over each other during sync:
```
May 24 23:06:40.542 WARN Error signalling fork choice waiter slot: 3884129, error: ForkChoiceSignalOutOfOrder { current: Slot(3884131), latest: Slot(3884129) }, service: beacon
```
This can occur because fork choice is called from the state advance _and_ the per-slot task. When one of these runs takes a long time it can end up finishing after a run from a later slot, tripping the error above. The problem is resolved by not running either of these fork choice calls during sync.
Additionally, these parallel fork choice runs were causing issues in the database:
```
May 24 07:49:05.098 WARN Found a chain that should already have been pruned, head_slot: 92925, head_block_root: 0xa76c7bf1b98e54ed4b0d8686efcfdf853484e6c2a4c67e91cbf19e5ad1f96b17, service: beacon
May 24 07:49:05.101 WARN Database migration failed error: HotColdDBError(FreezeSlotError { current_split_slot: Slot(92608), proposed_split_slot: Slot(92576) }), service: beacon
```
In this case, two fork choice calls triggering the finalization processing were being processed out of order due to differences in their processing time, causing the background migrator to try to advance finalization _backwards_ 😳. Removing the parallel fork choice runs from sync effectively addresses the issue, because these runs are most likely to have different finalized checkpoints (because of the speed at which fork choice advances during sync). In theory it's still possible to process updates out of order if any other fork choice runs end up completing out of order, but this should be much less common. Fixing out of order fork choice runs in general is difficult as it requires architectural changes like serialising fork choice updates through a single thread, or locking fork choice along with the head when it is mutated (https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3175).
## Proposed Changes
* Don't run per-slot fork choice during sync (if head is older than 4 slots)
* Don't run state-advance fork choice during sync (if head is older than 4 slots)
* Check for monotonic finalization updates in the background migrator. This is a good defensive check to have, and I'm not sure why we didn't have it before (we may have had it and wrongly removed it).
*This PR was adapted from @pawanjay176's work in #3197.*
## Issue Addressed
Fixes a regression in https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3168
## Proposed Changes
https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/3168 added calls to `fork_choice` in `BeaconChain::per_slot_task` function. This leads to a panic as `per_slot_task` is called from an async context which calls fork choice, which then calls `block_on`.
This PR changes the timer to call the `per_slot_task` function in a blocking thread.
Co-authored-by: Pawan Dhananjay <pawandhananjay@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
This fixes the low-hanging Clippy lints introduced in Rust 1.61 (due any hour now). It _ignores_ one lint, because fixing it requires a structural refactor of the validator client that needs to be done delicately. I've started on that refactor and will create another PR that can be reviewed in more depth in the coming days. I think we should merge this PR in the meantime to unblock CI.
## Issue Addressed
Upcoming spec change https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2878
## Proposed Changes
1. Run fork choice at the start of every slot, and wait for this run to complete before proposing a block.
2. As an optimisation, also run fork choice 3/4 of the way through the slot (at 9s), _dequeueing attestations for the next slot_.
3. Remove the fork choice run from the state advance timer that occurred before advancing the state.
## Additional Info
### Block Proposal Accuracy
This change makes us more likely to propose on top of the correct head in the presence of re-orgs with proposer boost in play. The main scenario that this change is designed to address is described in the linked spec issue.
### Attestation Accuracy
This change _also_ makes us more likely to attest to the correct head. Currently in the case of a skipped slot at `slot` we only run fork choice 9s into `slot - 1`. This means the attestations from `slot - 1` aren't taken into consideration, and any boost applied to the block from `slot - 1` is not removed (it should be). In the language of the linked spec issue, this means we are liable to attest to C, even when the majority voting weight has already caused a re-org to B.
### Why remove the call before the state advance?
If we've run fork choice at the start of the slot then it has already dequeued all the attestations from the previous slot, which are the only ones eligible to influence the head in the current slot. Running fork choice again is unnecessary (unless we run it for the next slot and try to pre-empt a re-org, but I don't currently think this is a great idea).
### Performance
Based on Prater testing this adds about 5-25ms of runtime to block proposal times, which are 500-1000ms on average (and spike to 5s+ sometimes due to state handling issues 😢 ). I believe this is a small enough penalty to enable it by default, with the option to disable it via the new flag `--fork-choice-before-proposal-timeout 0`. Upcoming work on block packing and state representation will also reduce block production times in general, while removing the spikes.
### Implementation
Fork choice gets invoked at the start of the slot via the `per_slot_task` function called from the slot timer. It then uses a condition variable to signal to block production that fork choice has been updated. This is a bit funky, but it seems to work. One downside of the timer-based approach is that it doesn't happen automatically in most of the tests. The test added by this PR has to trigger the run manually.
## Proposed Changes
Remove support for DB migrations that support upgrading from schema's below version 5. This is mostly for cosmetic/code quality reasons as in most circumstances upgrading from versions of Lighthouse this old will almost always require a re-sync.
## Additional Info
The minimum supported database schema is now version 5.
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Prevents the early attester cache from producing attestations to future blocks. This bug could result in a missed head vote if the BN was requested to produce an attestation for an earlier slot than the head block during the (usually) short window of time between verifying a block and setting it as the head.
This bug was noticed in an [Antithesis](https://andreagrieser.com/) test and diagnosed by @realbigsean.
## Additional Info
NA
# Description
Since the `TaskExecutor` currently requires a `Weak<Runtime>`, it's impossible to use it in an async test where the `Runtime` is created outside our scope. Whilst we *could* create a new `Runtime` instance inside the async test, dropping that `Runtime` would cause a panic (you can't drop a `Runtime` in an async context).
To address this issue, this PR creates the `enum Handle`, which supports either:
- A `Weak<Runtime>` (for use in our production code)
- A `Handle` to a runtime (for use in testing)
In theory, there should be no change to the behaviour of our production code (beyond some slightly different descriptions in HTTP 500 errors), or even our tests. If there is no change, you might ask *"why bother?"*. There are two PRs (#3070 and #3175) that are waiting on these fixes to introduce some new tests. Since we've added the EL to the `BeaconChain` (for the merge), we are now doing more async stuff in tests.
I've also added a `RuntimeExecutor` to the `BeaconChainTestHarness`. Whilst that's not immediately useful, it will become useful in the near future with all the new async testing.
## Proposed Changes
Reduce post-merge disk usage by not storing finalized execution payloads in Lighthouse's database.
⚠️ **This is achieved in a backwards-incompatible way for networks that have already merged** ⚠️. Kiln users and shadow fork enjoyers will be unable to downgrade after running the code from this PR. The upgrade migration may take several minutes to run, and can't be aborted after it begins.
The main changes are:
- New column in the database called `ExecPayload`, keyed by beacon block root.
- The `BeaconBlock` column now stores blinded blocks only.
- Lots of places that previously used full blocks now use blinded blocks, e.g. analytics APIs, block replay in the DB, etc.
- On finalization:
- `prune_abanonded_forks` deletes non-canonical payloads whilst deleting non-canonical blocks.
- `migrate_db` deletes finalized canonical payloads whilst deleting finalized states.
- Conversions between blinded and full blocks are implemented in a compositional way, duplicating some work from Sean's PR #3134.
- The execution layer has a new `get_payload_by_block_hash` method that reconstructs a payload using the EE's `eth_getBlockByHash` call.
- I've tested manually that it works on Kiln, using Geth and Nethermind.
- This isn't necessarily the most efficient method, and new engine APIs are being discussed to improve this: https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/146.
- We're depending on the `ethers` master branch, due to lots of recent changes. We're also using a workaround for https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs/issues/1134.
- Payload reconstruction is used in the HTTP API via `BeaconChain::get_block`, which is now `async`. Due to the `async` fn, the `blocking_json` wrapper has been removed.
- Payload reconstruction is used in network RPC to serve blocks-by-{root,range} responses. Here the `async` adjustment is messier, although I think I've managed to come up with a reasonable compromise: the handlers take the `SendOnDrop` by value so that they can drop it on _task completion_ (after the `fn` returns). Still, this is introducing disk reads onto core executor threads, which may have a negative performance impact (thoughts appreciated).
## Additional Info
- [x] For performance it would be great to remove the cloning of full blocks when converting them to blinded blocks to write to disk. I'm going to experiment with a `put_block` API that takes the block by value, breaks it into a blinded block and a payload, stores the blinded block, and then re-assembles the full block for the caller.
- [x] We should measure the latency of blocks-by-root and blocks-by-range responses.
- [x] We should add integration tests that stress the payload reconstruction (basic tests done, issue for more extensive tests: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/3159)
- [x] We should (manually) test the schema v9 migration from several prior versions, particularly as blocks have changed on disk and some migrations rely on being able to load blocks.
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Issue Addressed
Fix a panic due to misuse of the Tokio executor when processing a forkchoiceUpdated response. We were previously calling `process_invalid_execution_payload` from the async function `update_execution_engine_forkchoice_async`, which resulted in a panic because `process_invalid_execution_payload` contains a call to fork choice, which ultimately calls `block_on`.
An example backtrace can be found here: https://gist.github.com/michaelsproul/ac5da03e203d6ffac672423eaf52fb20
## Proposed Changes
Wrap the call to `process_invalid_execution_payload` in a `spawn_blocking` so that `block_on` is no longer called from an async context.
## Additional Info
- I've been thinking about how to catch bugs like this with static analysis (a new Clippy lint).
- The payload validation tests have been re-worked to support distinct responses from the mock EE for newPayload and forkchoiceUpdated. Three new tests have been added covering the `Invalid`, `InvalidBlockHash` and `InvalidTerminalBlock` cases.
- I think we need a bunch more tests of different legal and illegal variations
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Disallow the production of attestations and retrieval of unaggregated attestations when they reference an optimistic head. Add tests to this end.
I also moved `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation_for_block` to the `BeaconChainHarness`. It was only being used during tests, so it's nice to stop pretending it's production code. I also needed something that could produce attestations to optimistic blocks in order to simulate scenarios where the justified checkpoint is determined invalid (if no one would attest to an optimistic block, we could never justify it and then flip it to invalid).
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #3126~~
