## Issue Addressed
NA
## Problem this PR addresses
There's an issue where Lighthouse is banning a lot of peers due to the following sequence of events:
1. Gossip block 0xabc arrives ~200ms early
- It is propagated across the network, with respect to [`MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/v1.0.0/specs/phase0/p2p-interface.md#why-is-there-maximum_gossip_clock_disparity-when-validating-slot-ranges-of-messages-in-gossip-subnets).
- However, it is not imported to our database since the block is early.
2. Attestations for 0xabc arrive, but the block was not imported.
- The peer that sent the attestation is down-voted.
- Each unknown-block attestation causes a score loss of 1, the peer is banned at -100.
- When the peer is on an attestation subnet there can be hundreds of attestations, so the peer is banned quickly (before the missed block can be obtained via rpc).
## Potential solutions
I can think of three solutions to this:
1. Wait for attestation-queuing (#635) to arrive and solve this.
- Easy
- Not immediate fix.
- Whilst this would work, I don't think it's a perfect solution for this particular issue, rather (3) is better.
1. Allow importing blocks with a tolerance of `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`.
- Easy
- ~~I have implemented this, for now.~~
1. If a block is verified for gossip propagation (i.e., signature verified) and it's within `MAXIMUM_GOSSIP_CLOCK_DISPARITY`, then queue it to be processed at the start of the appropriate slot.
- More difficult
- Feels like the best solution, I will try to implement this.
**This PR takes approach (3).**
## Changes included
- Implement the `block_delay_queue`, based upon a [`DelayQueue`](https://docs.rs/tokio-util/0.6.3/tokio_util/time/delay_queue/struct.DelayQueue.html) which can store blocks until it's time to import them.
- Add a new `DelayedImportBlock` variant to the `beacon_processor::WorkEvent` enum to handle this new event.
- In the `BeaconProcessor`, refactor a `tokio::select!` to a struct with an explicit `Stream` implementation. I experienced some issues with `tokio::select!` in the block delay queue and I also found it hard to debug. I think this explicit implementation is nicer and functionally equivalent (apart from the fact that `tokio::select!` randomly chooses futures to poll, whereas now we're deterministic).
- Add a testing framework to the `beacon_processor` module that tests this new block delay logic. I also tested a handful of other operations in the beacon processor (attns, slashings, exits) since it was super easy to copy-pasta the code from the `http_api` tester.
- To implement these tests I added the concept of an optional `work_journal_tx` to the `BeaconProcessor` which will spit out a log of events. I used this in the tests to ensure that things were happening as I expect.
- The tests are a little racey, but it's hard to avoid that when testing timing-based code. If we see CI failures I can revise. I haven't observed *any* failures due to races on my machine or on CI yet.
- To assist with testing I allowed for directly setting the time on the `ManualSlotClock`.
- I gave the `beacon_processor::Worker` a `Toolbox` for two reasons; (a) it avoids changing tons of function sigs when you want to pass a new object to the worker and (b) it seemed cute.
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2215
## Proposed Changes
Addresses a potential loop when the majority of peers indicate that we are contactable via an IPv6 address.
See https://github.com/sigp/discv5/pull/62 for further rationale.
## Additional Info
The alternative to this PR is to use `--disable-enr-auto-update` and then manually supply an `--enr-address` and `--enr-upd-port`. However, that requires the user to know their IP addresses in order for discovery to work properly. This might not be practical/achievable for some users, hence this hotfix.
The current implementation assumes the range offset of slots downloaded on a batch to equal zero. This conflicts with the condition to consider this chain as sync. For finalized sync, it results in one extra batch being downloaded which can't be processed.
CC @wemeetagain
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Add an optimization to perform `per_slot_processing` from the *leading-edge* of block processing to the *trailing-edge*. Ultimately, this allows us to import the block at slot `n` faster because we used the tail-end of slot `n - 1` to perform `per_slot_processing`.
Additionally, add a "block proposer cache" which allows us to cache the block proposer for some epoch. Since we're now doing trailing-edge `per_slot_processing`, we can prime this cache with the values for the next epoch before those blocks arrive (assuming those blocks don't have some weird forking).
There were several ancillary changes required to achieve this:
- Remove the `state_root` field of `BeaconSnapshot`, since there's no need to know it on a `pre_state` and in all other cases we can just read it from `block.state_root()`.
- This caused some "dust" changes of `snapshot.beacon_state_root` to `snapshot.beacon_state_root()`, where the `BeaconSnapshot::beacon_state_root()` func just reads the state root from the block.
- Rename `types::ShuffingId` to `AttestationShufflingId`. I originally did this because I added a `ProposerShufflingId` struct which turned out to be not so useful. I thought this new name was more descriptive so I kept it.
- Address https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/pull/2196
- Add a debug log when we get a block with an unknown parent. There was previously no logging around this case.
- Add a function to `BeaconState` to compute all proposers for an epoch without re-computing the active indices for each slot.
## Additional Info
- ~~Blocked on #2173~~
- ~~Blocked on #2179~~ That PR was wrapped into this PR.
- There's potentially some places where we could avoid computing the proposer indices in `per_block_processing` but I haven't done this here. These would be an optimization beyond the issue at hand (improving block propagation times) and I think this PR is already doing enough. We can come back for that later.
## TODO
- [x] Tidy, improve comments.
- [x] ~~Try avoid computing proposer index in `per_block_processing`?~~
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Rust 1.50 has landed 🎉
The shiny new `clippy` peers down upon us mere mortals with disgust. Brutish peasants wrapping our `usize`s in superfluous `Option`s... tsk tsk.
I've performed the goat sacrifice and corrected our evil ways in this PR. Tonight we shall pray that Github Actions bestows the almighty green tick upon us.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <michael@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
resolves#2129resolves#2099
addresses some of #1712
unblocks #2076
unblocks #2153
## Proposed Changes
- Updates all the dependencies mentioned in #2129, except for web3. They haven't merged their tokio 1.0 update because they are waiting on some dependencies of their own. Since we only use web3 in tests, I think updating it in a separate issue is fine. If they are able to merge soon though, I can update in this PR.
- Updates `tokio_util` to 0.6.2 and `bytes` to 1.0.1.
- We haven't made a discv5 release since merging tokio 1.0 updates so I'm using a commit rather than release atm. **Edit:** I think we should merge an update of `tokio_util` to 0.6.2 into discv5 before this release because it has panic fixes in `DelayQueue` --> PR in discv5: https://github.com/sigp/discv5/pull/58
## Additional Info
tokio 1.0 changes that required some changes in lighthouse:
- `interval.next().await.is_some()` -> `interval.tick().await`
- `sleep` future is now `!Unpin` -> https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/3028
- `try_recv` has been temporarily removed from `mpsc` -> https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/3350
- stream features have moved to `tokio-stream` and `broadcast::Receiver::into_stream()` has been temporarily removed -> `https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/2870
- I've copied over the `BroadcastStream` wrapper from this PR, but can update to use `tokio-stream` once it's merged https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/pull/3384
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Which issue # does this PR address?
## Proposed Changes
Replaces use of `format!` in `slog` logging with it's special no-allocation `?` and `%` shortcuts. According to a `heaptrack` analysis today over about a period of an hour, this will reduce temporary allocations by at least 4%.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds some metrics to track delays regarding:
- LH processing of blocks
- delays receiving blocks from other nodes.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#2064
## Proposed Changes
Adds a `ValidatorMonitor` struct which provides additional logging and Grafana metrics for specific validators.
Use `lighthouse bn --validator-monitor` to automatically enable monitoring for any validator that hits the [subnet subscription](https://ethereum.github.io/eth2.0-APIs/#/Validator/prepareBeaconCommitteeSubnet) HTTP API endpoint.
Also, use `lighthouse bn --validator-monitor-pubkeys` to supply a list of validators which will always be monitored.
See the new docs included in this PR for more info.
## TODO
- [x] Track validator balance, `slashed` status, etc.
- [x] ~~Register slashings in current epoch, not offense epoch~~
- [ ] Publish Grafana dashboard, update TODO link in docs
- [x] ~~#2130 is merged into this branch, resolve that~~
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Fixes a bug that I missed during a review in #2163. I found this bug by observing that nodes were receiving far less attestations (~1/2 of previous).
I'm not certain on *exactly* how this mistake manifested in a reduction in attestations, but the mistake touches so much code that I think it's reasonable to declare that this it the cause of the observed issue (drop in attestations).
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
The non-finality period on Pyrmont between epochs [`9114`](https://pyrmont.beaconcha.in/epoch/9114) and [`9182`](https://pyrmont.beaconcha.in/epoch/9182) was contributed to by all the `lighthouse_team` validators going down. The nodes saw excessive CPU and RAM usage, resulting in the system to kill the `lighthouse bn` process. The `Restart=on-failure` directive for `systemd` caused the process to bounce in ~10-30m intervals.
Diagnosis with `heaptrack` showed that the `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` function was calling `store::beacon_state::get_full_state` and sometimes resulting in a tree hash cache allocation. These allocations were approximately the size of the hosts physical memory and still allocated when `lighthouse bn` was killed by the OS.
There was no CPU analysis (e.g., `perf`), but the `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` is very CPU-heavy so it is reasonable to assume it is the cause of the excessive CPU usage, too.
## Proposed Changes
`BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` has two paths:
1. Fast path: attesting to the head slot or later.
2. Slow path: attesting to a slot earlier than the head block.
Path (2) is the only path that calls `store::beacon_state::get_full_state`, therefore it is the path causing this excessive CPU/RAM usage.
This PR removes the current functionality of path (2) and replaces it with a static error (`BeaconChainError::AttestingPriorToHead`).
This change reduces the generality of `BeaconChain::produce_unaggregated_attestation` (and therefore [`/eth/v1/validator/attestation_data`](https://ethereum.github.io/eth2.0-APIs/#/Validator/produceAttestationData)), but I argue that this functionality is an edge-case and arguably a violation of the [Honest Validator spec](https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-specs/blob/dev/specs/phase0/validator.md).
It's possible that a validator goes back to a prior slot to "catch up" and submit some missed attestations. This change would prevent such behaviour, returning an error. My concerns with this catch-up behaviour is that it is:
- Not specified as "honest validator" attesting behaviour.
- Is behaviour that is risky for slashing (although, all validator clients *should* have slashing protection and will eventually fail if they do not).
- It disguises clock-sync issues between a BN and VC.
## Additional Info
It's likely feasible to implement path (2) if we implement some sort of caching mechanism. This would be a multi-week task and this PR gets the issue patched in the short term. I haven't created an issue to add path (2), instead I think we should implement it if we get user-demand.
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Copied from #2083, changes the config milliseconds_per_slot to seconds_per_slot to avoid errors when slot duration is not a multiple of a second. To avoid deserializing old serialized data (with milliseconds instead of seconds) the Serialize and Deserialize derive got removed from the Spec struct (isn't currently used anyway).
This PR replaces #2083 for the purpose of fixing a merge conflict without requiring the input of @blacktemplar.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
As per #2100, uses derives from the sturm library to implement AsRef<str> and AsStaticRef to easily get str values from enums without creating new Strings. Furthermore unifies all attestation error counter into one IntCounterVec vector.
These works are originally by @blacktemplar, I've just created this PR so I can resolve some merge conflicts.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
`test_dht_persistence` failing
## Proposed Changes
Bind `NetworkService::start` to an underscore prefixed variable rather than `_`. `_` was causing it to be dropped immediately
This was failing 5/100 times before this update, but I haven't been able to get it to fail after updating it
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Fixes#2146
## Proposed Changes
Change ping timeout errors to return `LowToleranceErrors` so that we disconnect faster on internet failures/changes.
## Issue Addressed
`cargo audit` is failing because of a potential for an overflow in the version of `smallvec` we're using
## Proposed Changes
Update to the latest version of `smallvec`, which has the fix
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
Fixes#2141
Remove [tempdir](https://docs.rs/tempdir/0.3.7/tempdir/) in favor of [tempfile](https://docs.rs/tempfile/3.1.0/tempfile/).
## Proposed Changes
`tempfile` has a slightly different api that makes creating temp folders with a name prefix a chore (`tempdir::TempDir::new("toto")` => `tempfile::Builder::new().prefix("toto").tempdir()`).
So I removed temp folder name prefix where I deemed it not useful.
Otherwise, the functionality is the same.
## Issue Addressed
Catching up to a recently merged API spec PR: https://github.com/ethereum/eth2.0-APIs/pull/119
## Proposed Changes
- Return an SSZ beacon state on `/eth/v1/debug/beacon/states/{stateId}` when passed this header: `accept: application/octet-stream`.
- requests to this endpoint with no `accept` header or an `accept` header and a value of `application/json` or `*/*` , or will result in a JSON response
## Additional Info
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
None
## Proposed Changes
* Correct typo in one comment, elaborate some others.
* Add asserts to ensure comments match code.
* Eliminate one unnecessary `clone`.
## Additional Info
None
## Proposed Changes
<!-- Please list or describe the changes introduced by this PR. -->
Tweaked the error message for ease of investigation as `Failed to update eth1 cache` is used in multiple places. 😃
This is a little bit of a tip-of-the-iceberg PR. It houses a lot of code changes in the libp2p dependency.
This needs a bit of thorough testing before merging.
The primary code changes are:
- General libp2p dependency update
- Gossipsub refactor to shift compression into gossipsub providing performance improvements and improved API for handling compression
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
## Proposed Changes
`@potuz` on the Eth R&D Discord observed that Lighthouse blocks on Pyrmont were always arriving at other nodes after at least 1 second. Part of this could be due to processing and slow propagation, but metrics also revealed that the Lighthouse nodes were usually taking 400-600ms to even just produce a block before broadcasting it.
I tracked the slowness down to the lack of a pre-built tree hash cache (THC) on the states being used for block production. This was due to using the head state for block production, which lacks a THC in order to keep fork choice fast (cloning a THC takes at least 30ms for 100k validators). This PR modifies block production to clone a state from the snapshot cache rather than the head, which speeds things up by 200-400ms by avoiding the tree hash cache rebuild. In practice this seems to have cut block production time down to 300ms or less. Ideally we could _remove_ the snapshot from the cache (and save the 30ms), but it is required for when we re-process the block after signing it with the validator client.
## Alternatives
I experimented with 2 alternatives to this approach, before deciding on it:
* Alternative 1: ensure the `head` has a tree hash cache. This is too slow, as it imposes a +30ms hit on fork choice, which currently takes ~5ms (with occasional spikes).
* Alternative 2: use `Arc<BeaconSnapshot>` in the snapshot cache and share snapshots between the cache and the `head`. This made fork choice blazing fast (1ms), and block production the same as in this PR, but had a negative impact on block processing which I don't think is worth it. It ended up being necessary to clone the full state from the snapshot cache during block production, imposing the +30ms penalty there _as well_ as in block production.
In contract, the approach in this PR should only impact block production, and it improves it! Yay for pareto improvements 🎉
## Additional Info
This commit (ac59dfa) is currently running on all the Lighthouse Pyrmont nodes, and I've added a dashboard to the Pyrmont grafana instance with the metrics.
In future work we should optimise the attestation packing, which consumes around 30-60ms and is now a substantial contributor to the total.
## Issue Addressed
- Resolves#1883
## Proposed Changes
This follows on from @blacktemplar's work in #2018.
- Allows the VC to connect to multiple BN for redundancy.
- Update the simulator so some nodes always need to rely on their fallback.
- Adds some extra deprecation warnings for `--eth1-endpoint`
- Pass `SignatureBytes` as a reference instead of by value.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: blacktemplar <blacktemplar@a1.net>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Fixes multiple issues related to discovering of subnet peers.
1. Subnet discovery retries after yielding no results
2. Metadata updates if peer send older metadata
3. peerdb stores the peer subscriptions from gossipsub
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Fixes problems with slot times below 1 second which got revealed by running the syncing simulator with the default speedup time.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2048
## Proposed Changes
* Broadcast slashings when the `--slasher-broadcast` flag is provided.
* In the process of implementing this I refactored the slasher service into its own crate so that it could access the network code without creating a circular dependency. I moved the responsibility for putting slashings into the op pool into the service as well, as it makes sense for it to handle the whole slashing lifecycle.
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
There seemed to be confusion among discord users on the eth1 fallback logging
```
WARN Error connecting to eth1 node. Trying fallback ..., endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:8545/, service: eth1_rpc
```
The assumption users seem to be making here is that it is trying the fallback and fallback=endpoint in the log.
This PR improves the logging to be like
```
WARN Error connecting to eth1 node endpoint, endpoint: http://127.0.0.1:8545/, action: trying fallbacks, service: eth1_rpc
```
I think this is a bit more clear that the endpoint that failed is the one in the log.
## Issue Addressed
Related to #1891, The error is not in the spec yet (see ethereum/eth2.0-specs#2131)
## Proposed Changes
Implement the proposed error, banning peers that send it
## Additional Info
NA
## Proposed Changes
Run cargo update and bump version in prep for v1.0.4 release
## Additional Info
Planning to merge this commit to `unstable`, test on Pyrmont and canary nodes, then push to `stable`.
## Issue Addressed
Users are reporting errors for sending attestations to peers. If the clock sync is a little out or we receive attestations before blocks, peers are being too harshly penalized. They can get scored many times per missing block and we typically need these peers on subnets.
## Proposed Changes
This removes the penalization for missing blocks with attestations. The penalty should be handled when #635 gets built as it will allow us to group attestations per missing block and penalize once.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#2028
Replaces #2059
## Proposed Changes
If writing to the database fails while importing a block, revert fork choice to the last version stored on disk. This prevents fork choice from being ahead of the blocks on disk. Having fork choice ahead is particularly bad if it is later successfully written to disk, because it renders the database corrupt (see #2028).
## Additional Info
* This mitigation might fail if the head+fork choice haven't been persisted yet, which can only happen at first startup (see #2067)
* This relies on it being OK for the head tracker to be ahead of fork choice. I figure this is tolerable because blocks only get added to the head tracker after successfully being written on disk _and_ to fork choice, so even if fork choice reverts a little bit, when the pruning algorithm runs, those blocks will still be on disk and OK to prune. The pruning algorithm also doesn't rely on heads being unique, technically it's OK for multiple blocks from the same linear chain segment to be present in the head tracker. This begs the question of #1785 (i.e. things would be simpler with the head tracker out of the way). Alternatively, this PR could just revert the head tracker as well (I'll look into this tomorrow).
## Issue Addressed
Closes#1264
## Proposed Changes
* Milagro BLS: tweak the feature flags so that Milagro doesn't get compiled if we're using BLST. Profiling showed that it was consuming about 1 minute of CPU time out of 60 minutes of CPU time (real time ~15 mins). A 1.6% saving.
* Reduce monomorphization: compiling for 3 different `EthSpec` types causes a heck of a lot of generic functions to be instantiated (monomorphized). Removing 2 of 3 cuts the LLVM+linking step from around 250 seconds to 180 seconds, a saving of 70 seconds (real time!). This applies only to `make` and not the CI build, because we test with the minimal spec on CI.
* Update `web3` crate to v0.13. This is perhaps the most controversial change, because it requires axing some deposit contract tools from `lcli`. I suspect these tools weren't used much anyway, and could be maintained separately, but I'm also happy to revert this change. However, it does save us a lot of compile time. With #1839, we now have 3 versions of Tokio (and all of Tokio's deps). This change brings us down to 2 versions, but 1 should be achievable once web3 (and reqwest) move to Tokio 0.3.
* Remove `lcli` from the Docker image. It's a dev tool and can be built from the repo if required.
## Issue Addressed
#2046
## Proposed Changes
The log was originally intended to verify the correct logic and ordering of events when scoring peers. The queued tasks can be structured in such a way that peers can be banned after they are disconnected. Therefore the error log is now downgraded to debug log.
## Issue Addressed
#1992 and #1987, and also to be considered a continuation of #1751
## Proposed Changes
many changed files but most are renaming to align the code with the semantics of `--network`
- remove the `--network` default value (in clap) and instead set it after checking the `network` and `testnet-dir` flags
- move `eth2_testnet_config` crate to `eth2_network_config`
- move `Eth2TestnetConfig` to `Eth2NetworkConfig`
- move `DEFAULT_HARDCODED_TESTNET` to `DEFAULT_HARDCODED_NETWORK`
- `beacon_node`s `get_eth2_testnet_config` loads the `DEFAULT_HARDCODED_NETWORK` if there is no network nor testnet provided
- `boot_node`s config loads the config same as the `beacon_node`, it was using the configuration only for preconfigured networks (That code is ~1year old so I asume it was not intended)
- removed a one year old comment stating we should try to emulate `https://github.com/eth2-clients/eth2-testnets/tree/master/nimbus/testnet1` it looks outdated (?)
- remove `lighthouse`s `load_testnet_config` in favor of `get_eth2_network_config` to centralize that logic (It had differences)
- some spelling
## Additional Info
Both the command of #1992 and the scripts of #1987 seem to work fine, same as `bn` and `vc`
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This was mostly done to find the reason why LH was dropping peers from Nimbus. It proved to be useful so I think it's worth it. But there is also some functional stuff here
- Add metrics for rpc errors per client, error type and direction
- Add metrics for downscoring events per source type, client and penalty type
- Add metrics for gossip validation results per client for non-accepted messages
- Make the RPC handler return errors and requests/responses in the order we see them
- Allow a small burst for the Ping rate limit, from 1 every 5 seconds to 2 every 10 seconds
- Send rate limiting errors with a particular code and use that same code to identify them. I picked something different to 128 since that is most likely what other clients are using for their own errors
- Remove some unused code in the `PeerAction` and the rpc handler
- Remove the unused variant `RateLimited`. tTis was never produced directly, since the only way to get the request's protocol is via de handler. The handler upon receiving from LH a response with an error (rate limited in this case) emits this event with the missing info (It was always like this, just pointing out that we do downscore rate limiting errors regardless of the change)
Metrics for Nimbus looked like this:
Downscoring events: `increase(libp2p_peer_actions_per_client{client="Nimbus"}[5m])`
RPC Errors: `increase(libp2p_rpc_errors_per_client{client="Nimbus"}[5m])`
Unaccepted gossip message: `increase(gossipsub_unaccepted_messages_per_client{client="Nimbus"}[5m])`
