## Proposed Changes
Mitigate the fork choice attacks described in [_Three Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Ethereum_](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.10086) by enabling proposer boost @ 70% on mainnet.
Proposer boost has been running with stability on Prater for a few months now, and is safe to roll out gradually on mainnet. I'll argue that the financial impact of rolling out gradually is also minimal.
Consider how a proposer-boosted validator handles two types of re-orgs:
## Ex ante re-org (from the paper)
In the mitigated attack, a malicious proposer releases their block at slot `n + 1` late so that it re-orgs the block at the slot _after_ them (at slot `n + 2`). Non-boosting validators will follow this re-org and vote for block `n + 1` in slot `n + 2`. Boosted validators will vote for `n + 2`. If the boosting validators are outnumbered, there'll be a re-org to the malicious block from `n + 1` and validators applying the boost will have their slot `n + 2` attestations miss head (and target on an epoch boundary). Note that all the attesters from slot `n + 1` are doomed to lose their head vote rewards, but this is the same regardless of boosting.
Therefore, Lighthouse nodes stand to miss slightly more head votes than other nodes if they are in the minority while applying the proposer boost. Once the proposer boost nodes gain a majority, this trend reverses.
## Ex post re-org (using the boost)
The other type of re-org is an ex post re-org using the strategy described here: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2860. With this strategy, boosted nodes will follow the attempted re-org and again lose a head vote if the re-org is unsuccessful. Once boosting is widely adopted, the re-orgs will succeed and the non-boosting validators will lose out.
I don't think there are (m)any validators applying this strategy, because it is irrational to attempt it before boosting is widely adopted. Therefore I think we can safely ignore this possibility.
## Risk Assessment
From observing re-orgs on mainnet I don't think ex ante re-orgs are very common. I've observed around 1 per day for the last month on my node (see: https://gist.github.com/michaelsproul/3b2142fa8fe0ff767c16553f96959e8c), compared to 2.5 ex post re-orgs per day.
Given one extra slot per day where attesting will cause a missed head vote, each individual validator has a 1/32 chance of being assigned to that slot. So we have an increase of 1/32 missed head votes per validator per day in expectation. Given that we currently see ~7 head vote misses per validator per day due to late/missing blocks (and re-orgs), this represents only a (1/32)/7 = 0.45% increase in missed head votes in expectation. I believe this is so small that we shouldn't worry about it. Particularly as getting proposer boost deployed is good for network health and may enable us to drive down the number of late blocks over time (which will decrease head vote misses).
## TL;DR
Enable proposer boost now and release ASAP, as financial downside is a 0.45% increase in missed head votes until widespread adoption.
## Issue Addressed
MEV boost compatibility
## Proposed Changes
See #2987
## Additional Info
This is blocked on the stabilization of a couple specs, [here](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/194) and [here](https://github.com/flashbots/mev-boost/pull/20).
Additional TODO's and outstanding questions
- [ ] MEV boost JWT Auth
- [ ] Will `builder_proposeBlindedBlock` return the revealed payload for the BN to propogate
- [ ] Should we remove `private-tx-proposals` flag and communicate BN <> VC with blinded blocks by default once these endpoints enter the beacon-API's repo? This simplifies merge transition logic.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
#3073
## Proposed Changes
Add around `SAFE_SLOTS_TO_IMPORT_OPTIMISTICALLY` in the API
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <sean@sigmaprime.io>
## Issue Addressed
As discussed on last-night's consensus call, the testnets next week will target the [Kiln Spec v2](https://hackmd.io/@n0ble/kiln-spec).
Presently, we support Kiln V1. V2 is backwards compatible, except for renaming `random` to `prev_randao` in:
- https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/180
- https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2835
With this PR we'll no longer be compatible with the existing Kintsugi and Kiln testnets, however we'll be ready for the testnets next week. I raised this breaking change in the call last night, we are all keen to move forward and break things.
We now target the [`merge-kiln-v2`](https://github.com/MariusVanDerWijden/go-ethereum/tree/merge-kiln-v2) branch for interop with Geth. This required adding the `--http.aauthport` to the tester to avoid a port conflict at startup.
### Changes to exec integration tests
There's some change in the `merge-kiln-v2` version of Geth that means it can't compile on a vanilla Github runner. Bumping the `go` version on the runner solved this issue.
Whilst addressing this, I refactored the `testing/execution_integration` crate to be a *binary* rather than a *library* with tests. This means that we don't need to run the `build.rs` and build Geth whenever someone runs `make lint` or `make test-release`. This is nice for everyday users, but it's also nice for CI so that we can have a specific runner for these tests and we don't need to ensure *all* runners support everything required to build all execution clients.
## More Info
- [x] ~~EF tests are failing since the rename has broken some tests that reference the old field name. I have been told there will be new tests released in the coming days (25/02/22 or 26/02/22).~~
## Description
This PR adds a single, trivial commit (f5d2b27d78349d5a675a2615eba42cc9ae708094) atop #2986 to resolve a tests compile error. The original author (@ethDreamer) is AFK so I'm getting this one merged ☺️
Please see #2986 for more information about the other, significant changes in this PR.
Co-authored-by: Mark Mackey <mark@sigmaprime.io>
Co-authored-by: ethDreamer <37123614+ethDreamer@users.noreply.github.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Adds the functionality to allow blocks to be validated/invalidated after their import as per the [optimistic sync spec](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/dev/sync/optimistic.md#how-to-optimistically-import-blocks). This means:
- Updating `ProtoArray` to allow flipping the `execution_status` of ancestors/descendants based on payload validity updates.
- Creating separation between `execution_layer` and the `beacon_chain` by creating a `PayloadStatus` struct.
- Refactoring how the `execution_layer` selects a `PayloadStatus` from the multiple statuses returned from multiple EEs.
- Adding testing framework for optimistic imports.
- Add `ExecutionBlockHash(Hash256)` new-type struct to avoid confusion between *beacon block roots* and *execution payload hashes*.
- Add `merge` to [`FORKS`](c3a793fd73/Makefile (L17)) in the `Makefile` to ensure we test the beacon chain with merge settings.
- Fix some tests here that were failing due to a missing execution layer.
## TODO
- [ ] Balance tests
Co-authored-by: Mark Mackey <mark@sigmaprime.io>
## Proposed Changes
Lots of lint updates related to `flat_map`, `unwrap_or_else` and string patterns. I did a little more creative refactoring in the op pool, but otherwise followed Clippy's suggestions.
## Additional Info
We need this PR to unblock CI.
## Issue Addressed
Alternative to #2935
## Proposed Changes
Replace the `Vec<u8>` inside `Bitfield` with a `SmallVec<[u8; 32>`. This eliminates heap allocations for attestation bitfields until we reach 500K validators, at which point we can consider increasing `SMALLVEC_LEN` to 40 or 48.
While running Lighthouse under `heaptrack` I found that SSZ encoding and decoding of bitfields corresponded to 22% of all allocations by count. I've confirmed that with this change applied those allocations disappear entirely.
## Additional Info
We can win another 8 bytes of space by using `smallvec`'s [`union` feature](https://docs.rs/smallvec/1.8.0/smallvec/#union), although I might leave that for a future PR because I don't know how experimental that feature is and whether it uses some spicy `unsafe` blocks.
## Issue Addressed
Closes#3014
## Proposed Changes
- Rename `receipt_root` to `receipts_root`
- Rename `execute_payload` to `notify_new_payload`
- This is slightly weird since we modify everything except the actual HTTP call to the engine API. That change is expected to be implemented in #2985 (cc @ethDreamer)
- Enable "random" tests for Bellatrix.
## Notes
This will break *partially* compatibility with Kintusgi testnets in order to gain compatibility with [Kiln](https://hackmd.io/@n0ble/kiln-spec) testnets. I think it will only break the BN APIs due to the `receipts_root` change, however it might have some other effects too.
Co-authored-by: Michael Sproul <micsproul@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
#2883
## Proposed Changes
* Added `suggested-fee-recipient` & `suggested-fee-recipient-file` flags to validator client (similar to graffiti / graffiti-file implementation).
* Added proposer preparation service to VC, which sends the fee-recipient of all known validators to the BN via [/eth/v1/validator/prepare_beacon_proposer](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/178) api once per slot
* Added [/eth/v1/validator/prepare_beacon_proposer](https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/178) api endpoint and preparation data caching
* Added cleanup routine to remove cached proposer preparations when not updated for 2 epochs
## Additional Info
Changed the Implementation following the discussion in #2883.
Co-authored-by: pk910 <philipp@pk910.de>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Co-authored-by: Philipp K <philipp@pk910.de>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2940 introduced a bug where we parsed the uint256 terminal total difficulty as a hex string instead of a decimal string. Fixes the bug and adds tests.
## Proposed Changes
Add a new hardcoded spec for the Gnosis Beacon Chain.
Ideally, official Lighthouse executables will be able to connect to the gnosis beacon chain from now on, using `--network gnosis` CLI option.
## Issue Addressed
Continuation to #2934
## Proposed Changes
Currently, we have the transition fields in the config (`TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY`, `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH` and `TERMINAL_BLOCK_HASH_ACTIVATION_EPOCH`) as mandatory fields.
This is causing compatibility issues with other client BN's (nimbus and teku v22.1.0) which don't return these fields on a `eth/v1/config/spec` api call. Since we don't use this values until the merge, I think it's okay to have default values set for these fields as well to ensure compatibility.
## Issue Addressed
#2900
## Proposed Changes
Change type of extra_fields in ConfigAndPreset so it can contain non string values (inside serde_json::Value)
## Proposed Changes
Restore compatibility with beacon nodes using the `MERGE` naming by:
1. Adding defaults for the Bellatrix `Config` fields
2. Not attempting to read (or serve) the Bellatrix preset on `/config/spec`.
I've confirmed that this works with Infura, and just logs a warning:
```
Jan 20 10:51:31.078 INFO Connected to beacon node endpoint: https://eth2-beacon-mainnet.infura.io/, version: teku/v22.1.0/linux-x86_64/-eclipseadoptium-openjdk64bitservervm-java-17
Jan 20 10:51:31.344 WARN Beacon node config does not match exactly, advice: check that the BN is updated and configured for any upcoming forks, endpoint: https://eth2-beacon-mainnet.infura.io/
Jan 20 10:51:31.344 INFO Initialized beacon node connections available: 1, total: 1
```
## Proposed Changes
Change the canonical fork name for the merge to Bellatrix. Keep other merge naming the same to avoid churn.
I've also fixed and enabled the `fork` and `transition` tests for Bellatrix, and the v1.1.7 fork choice tests.
Additionally, the `BellatrixPreset` has been added with tests. It gets served via the `/config/spec` API endpoint along with the other presets.
## Proposed Changes
Allocate less memory in sync by hashing the `SignedBeaconBlock`s in a batch directly, rather than going via SSZ bytes.
Credit to @paulhauner for finding this source of temporary allocations.
## Issue Addressed
Restore compatibility between Lighthouse v2.0.1 VC and `unstable` BN in preparation for the next release.
## Proposed Changes
* Don't serialize the `PROPOSER_SCORE_BOOST` as `null` because it breaks the `extra_fields: HashMap<String, String>` used by the v2.0.1 VC.
## Proposed Changes
Update `superstruct` to bring in @realbigsean's fixes necessary for MEV-compatible private beacon block types (a la #2795).
The refactoring is due to another change in superstruct that allows partial getters to be auto-generated.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/issues/2741
Includes: https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2853 so that we can get ssz static tests passing here on v1.1.6. If we want to merge that first, we can make this diff slightly smaller
## Proposed Changes
- Changes the `justified_epoch` and `finalized_epoch` in the `ProtoArrayNode` each to an `Option<Checkpoint>`. The `Option` is necessary only for the migration, so not ideal. But does allow us to add a default logic to `None` on these fields during the database migration.
- Adds a database migration from a legacy fork choice struct to the new one, search for all necessary block roots in fork choice by iterating through blocks in the db.
- updates related to https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2727
- We will have to update the persisted forkchoice to make sure the justified checkpoint stored is correct according to the updated fork choice logic. This boils down to setting the forkchoice store's justified checkpoint to the justified checkpoint of the block that advanced the finalized checkpoint to the current one.
- AFAICT there's no migration steps necessary for the update to allow applying attestations from prior blocks, but would appreciate confirmation on that
- I updated the consensus spec tests to v1.1.6 here, but they will fail until we also implement the proposer score boost updates. I confirmed that the previously failing scenario `new_finalized_slot_is_justified_checkpoint_ancestor` will now pass after the boost updates, but haven't confirmed _all_ tests will pass because I just quickly stubbed out the proposer boost test scenario formatting.
- This PR now also includes proposer boosting https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2730
## Additional Info
I realized checking justified and finalized roots in fork choice makes it more likely that we trigger this bug: https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2727
It's possible the combination of justified checkpoint and finalized checkpoint in the forkchoice store is different from in any block in fork choice. So when trying to startup our store's justified checkpoint seems invalid to the rest of fork choice (but it should be valid). When this happens we get an `InvalidBestNode` error and fail to start up. So I'm including that bugfix in this branch.
Todo:
- [x] Fix fork choice tests
- [x] Self review
- [x] Add fix for https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2727
- [x] Rebase onto Kintusgi
- [x] Fix `num_active_validators` calculation as @michaelsproul pointed out
- [x] Clean up db migrations
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
N/A
## Proposed Changes
Changes required for the `merge-devnet-3`. Added some more non substantive renames on top of @realbigsean 's commit.
Note: this doesn't include the proposer boosting changes in kintsugi v3.
This devnet isn't running with the proposer boosting fork choice changes so if we are looking to merge https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2822 into `unstable`, then I think we should just maintain this branch for the devnet temporarily.
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
Fix max packet sizes
Fix max_payload_size function
Add merge block test
Fix max size calculation; fix up test
Clear comments
Add a payload_size_function
Use safe arith for payload calculation
Return an error if block too big in block production
Separate test to check if block is over limit
* Change base_fee_per_gas to Uint256
* Add custom (de)serialization to ExecutionPayload
* Fix errors
* Add a quoted_u256 module
* Remove unused function
* lint
* Add test
* Remove extra line
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
* Fix arbitrary check kintsugi
* Add merge chain spec fields, and a function to determine which constant to use based on the state variant
* increment spec test version
* Remove `Transaction` enum wrapper
* Remove Transaction new-type
* Remove gas validations
* Add `--terminal-block-hash-epoch-override` flag
* Increment spec tests version to 1.1.5
* Remove extraneous gossip verification https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/pull/2687
* - Remove unused Error variants
- Require both "terminal-block-hash-epoch-override" and "terminal-block-hash-override" when either flag is used
* - Remove a couple more unused Error variants
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
* update initializing from eth1 for merge genesis
* read execution payload header from file lcli
* add `create-payload-header` command to `lcli`
* fix base fee parsing
* Apply suggestions from code review
* default `execution_payload_header` bool to false when deserializing `meta.yml` in EF tests
Co-authored-by: Paul Hauner <paul@paulhauner.com>
* Thread eth1_block_hash into interop genesis state
* Add merge-fork-epoch flag
* Build LH with minimal spec by default
* Add verbose logs to execution_layer
* Add --http-allow-sync-stalled flag
* Update lcli new-testnet to create genesis state
* Fix http test
* Fix compile errors in tests
Added Execution Payload from Rayonism Fork
Updated new Containers to match Merge Spec
Updated BeaconBlockBody for Merge Spec
Completed updating BeaconState and BeaconBlockBody
Modified ExecutionPayload<T> to use Transaction<T>
Mostly Finished Changes for beacon-chain.md
Added some things for fork-choice.md
Update to match new fork-choice.md/fork.md changes
ran cargo fmt
Added Missing Pieces in eth2_libp2p for Merge
fix ef test
Various Changes to Conform Closer to Merge Spec
## Proposed Changes
* Add the `Eth-Consensus-Version` header to the HTTP API for the block and state endpoints. This is part of the v2.1.0 API that was recently released: https://github.com/ethereum/beacon-APIs/pull/170
* Add tests for the above. I refactored the `eth2` crate's helper functions to make this more straight-forward, and introduced some new mixin traits that I think greatly improve readability and flexibility.
* Add a new `map_with_fork!` macro which is useful for decoding a superstruct type without naming all its variants. It is now used for SSZ-decoding `BeaconBlock` and `BeaconState`, and for JSON-decoding `SignedBeaconBlock` in the API.
## Additional Info
The `map_with_fork!` changes will conflict with the Merge changes, but when resolving the conflict the changes from this branch should be preferred (it is no longer necessary to enumerate every fork). The merge fork _will_ need to be added to `map_fork_name_with`.
## Issue Addressed
Resolves#2689
## Proposed Changes
Copy of #2709 so I can appease CI and merge without waiting for @realbigsean to come online. See #2709 for more information.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This is a wholesale rip-off of #2708, see that PR for more of a description.
I've made this PR since @realbigsean is offline and I can't merge his PR due to Github's frustrating `target-branch-check` bug. I also changed the branch to `unstable`, since I'm trying to minimize the diff between `merge-f2f`/`unstable`. I'll just rebase `merge-f2f` onto `unstable` after this PR merges.
When running `make lint` I noticed the following warning:
```
warning: patch for `fixed-hash` uses the features mechanism. default-features and features will not take effect because the patch dependency does not support this mechanism
```
So, I removed the `features` section from the patch.
## Additional Info
NA
Co-authored-by: realbigsean <seananderson33@gmail.com>
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
This PR is near-identical to https://github.com/sigp/lighthouse/pull/2652, however it is to be merged into `unstable` instead of `merge-f2f`. Please see that PR for reasoning.
I'm making this duplicate PR to merge to `unstable` in an effort to shrink the diff between `unstable` and `merge-f2f` by doing smaller, lead-up PRs.
## Additional Info
NA
## Issue Addressed
NA
## Proposed Changes
Implements the "union" type from the SSZ spec for `ssz`, `ssz_derive`, `tree_hash` and `tree_hash_derive` so it may be derived for `enums`:
https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/v1.1.0-beta.3/ssz/simple-serialize.md#union
The union type is required for the merge, since the `Transaction` type is defined as a single-variant union `Union[OpaqueTransaction]`.
### Crate Updates
This PR will (hopefully) cause CI to publish new versions for the following crates:
- `eth2_ssz_derive`: `0.2.1` -> `0.3.0`
- `eth2_ssz`: `0.3.0` -> `0.4.0`
- `eth2_ssz_types`: `0.2.0` -> `0.2.1`
- `tree_hash`: `0.3.0` -> `0.4.0`
- `tree_hash_derive`: `0.3.0` -> `0.4.0`
These these crates depend on each other, I've had to add a workspace-level `[patch]` for these crates. A follow-up PR will need to remove this patch, ones the new versions are published.
### Union Behaviors
We already had SSZ `Encode` and `TreeHash` derive for enums, however it just did a "transparent" pass-through of the inner value. Since the "union" decoding from the spec is in conflict with the transparent method, I've required that all `enum` have exactly one of the following enum-level attributes:
#### SSZ
- `#[ssz(enum_behaviour = "union")]`
- matches the spec used for the merge
- `#[ssz(enum_behaviour = "transparent")]`
- maintains existing functionality
- not supported for `Decode` (never was)
#### TreeHash
- `#[tree_hash(enum_behaviour = "union")]`
- matches the spec used for the merge
- `#[tree_hash(enum_behaviour = "transparent")]`
- maintains existing functionality
This means that we can maintain the existing transparent behaviour, but all existing users will get a compile-time error until they explicitly opt-in to being transparent.
### Legacy Option Encoding
Before this PR, we already had a union-esque encoding for `Option<T>`. However, this was with the *old* SSZ spec where the union selector was 4 bytes. During merge specification, the spec was changed to use 1 byte for the selector.
Whilst the 4-byte `Option` encoding was never used in the spec, we used it in our database. Writing a migrate script for all occurrences of `Option` in the database would be painful, especially since it's used in the `CommitteeCache`. To avoid the migrate script, I added a serde-esque `#[ssz(with = "module")]` field-level attribute to `ssz_derive` so that we can opt into the 4-byte encoding on a field-by-field basis.
The `ssz::legacy::four_byte_impl!` macro allows a one-liner to define the module required for the `#[ssz(with = "module")]` for some `Option<T> where T: Encode + Decode`.
Notably, **I have removed `Encode` and `Decode` impls for `Option`**. I've done this to force a break on downstream users. Like I mentioned, `Option` isn't used in the spec so I don't think it'll be *that* annoying. I think it's nicer than quietly having two different union implementations or quietly breaking the existing `Option` impl.
### Crate Publish Ordering
I've modified the order in which CI publishes crates to ensure that we don't publish a crate without ensuring we already published a crate that it depends upon.
## TODO
- [ ] Queue a follow-up `[patch]`-removing PR.
